Tryavna (Трявна)

Tryavna

 

 

Location: Tryavna, Gabrovo Province   Map

Official site

 

Tryavna (spelling until 1945 Trѣvna) is a town in the Gabrovo region, Central Northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative and economic center of the municipality of the same name, Tryavna. The population of the city according to the 2021 census is 7,396 inhabitants, which makes it the third largest settlement in the district. The preserved Renaissance architecture and cultural heritage of this period attract many tourists.

 

Travel Destinations in Tryavna

In Tryavna is located the Specialized Museum of Carving and Painting Art, one of the sights from the Hundred National Tourist Sites of the Bulgarian Tourist Union, uniting eight museum sites: "Daskalova House", "Raikova House" (the native house of Prof. Pencho Raikov - the first Bulgarian chemist), Angel Kanchev House Museum, Old School, Museum of the Icon, Slaveykova House (the native house of the writer Pencho Slaveykov), Kazakov Gallery and the Museum of Asian and African Art. Other preserved ancient buildings with a museum focus are the "Kalincheva House" (with the "Gabenski" Art Gallery), the house of Pope Koyu Vitanov, the Clock Tower, the Popangel House, etc.

Temples
"St. Archangel Michael" - prot. Petar Petkov Petrov - phone: 0677/6 34 42; GSM 089/668 7402.
"St. George" - prot. Petar Petkov Petrov - phone: 0677/6 34 42; GSM 089/668 7402.
Cradle of Revivalists
Tryavna is the hometown of Pencho Slaveykov and Angel Kanchev, Captain Petko Voivoda also lived there. It is one of the centers of the Bulgarian revival, icon painting, carving, carpentry, enlightenment, church and national liberation struggles. The houses with revival architecture and the works of the Trevna school of icon painting have been preserved. The most notable architectural monuments and museums in the city are the Slaveykovo (Old) School (1836), the churches "St. Archangel Michael" (1819) and "St. Georgi" (1848), Clock Tower (1814), Daska House (1804), Slavey House (1830), Angel Kancho House (1805), Raikova House (1846), Kalinch House house (1830), the Royal Chapel of Tsaritsa Joana (1943, designed by architect Yordan Sevov) - Museum of the Icon, Old Bath (early 20th century) - Museum of Asian and African Art, Gallery of the Trevnen Icon Painting School in the Tsar's children's sanatorium, the Thracian sanctuary (IV century BC), the Thracian rock sanctuary from the Early Iron Age - "Sechen Kamak", the Kilia Caves inhabited in the II-I millennium BC, the very nearby Bozhentsi, the village of Skortsite preserved icon paintings by Zahari Zograf, the 12th century Strinava Fortress near the village of Tsareva livada, the Dryanovski monasteries (12th century) with the Bacho Kiro cave - 300 m from it, Kilifarevski (1348) and Sokolski monasteries (1833), The Roman Transhemian Road (III-IV centuries AD), etc.

 

Regular events

Nightingale holidays
Festival "The Balkans sings and tells" is held on a rotating basis in the Balkan cities of Elena, Dryanovo, Kotel, Tryavna, Tvarditsa and Gurkovo.
Celebration of Baba Marta

Sports
The city's football team is called FC Tryavna.

A Kyokushin Karate sports club is also located and developing in the city of Tryavna. The club is called SK Daimyo.

 

Cuisine

Herb mushroom soup
The people of Trevnen are proud that the expression "as simple as mushroom soup" came from the method of preparing this soup. It is prepared from several types of forest mushrooms. Only rice (noodles), onion, taro (tarragon), ground black pepper and salt to taste are added. By mixing several types of mushrooms, a very spicy mushroom aroma is obtained, which is preserved precisely by the lack of many spices. No fat is used.

 

Geography

The city is located in the valley extension of the Trevnenska Reka, at the northern foot of the Trevnenska Planina, 20 km east of the city of Gabrovo, 226 km from the capital Sofia, 152 km from Plovdiv, 259 km from Varna and 207 km from Burgas. The districts of the city are: Bozhkovtsi, Dimiev Khan, Kisiiska Mera, Radantsi, Svetushka, Stoyanovtsi, Hitrevtsi.

 

History

Thracian settlement
Highly cultural Thracian settlements are evidenced by a Thracian sanctuary from the Hellenistic and Roman eras in the town of "Elova Mogila" near the village of Popovtsi (now the village of Chernovrakh). The sanctuary is located about 7 km northeast of the city, on a clearly defined, dominating the surrounding terrain hill. In plan, it is a circular stone structure with a stone platform in the middle. It is connected with the cult of the sun, worshiped by the Thracians in the 1st millennium BC and its personification - the deity found in the written sources under various names - Sabazius, Zagreus, Orpheus. The sanctuary was built in the 4th century BC and lasted until the 1st century BC, when its activity died down due to the Roman conquest of Mysia. The cult site was revived in the middle of the 2nd century and functioned until the second half of the 4th century. The majority of the finds discovered during archaeological excavations are from this period. The bronze bells predominate, which have a ritual purpose - through their ringing, the aim is to attract the attention of deities and the visitor to beg what he came for.

The Verey road
Later, through the Trevna old mountain passes, the Roman road passed from Diskoduratera (present-day Gostilitsa) through the mountain to Augusta Traiana (present-day Stara Zagora), known among the local residents as the Vereiska Drum - it connected the Danube through the Roman provinces of Mysia and Thrace with the White Sea and Constantinople.

In the time of Khan Krum
On the night of July 25-26, 811, in the Trevnenski, Varbishki and Rishki passes of Stara Planina, Khan Krum inflicted a devastating defeat on the Romans and killed the Byzantine emperor Nicephorus.

During the time of Asenevtsi
In 1190, here the Bulgarian kings Asen and Peter defeated the troops of Emperor Isak II Angel in the battle in the Trevnen Pass, who, after the Uprising restored the Bulgarian kingdom, decided to wipe out Bulgaria again and embarked on a large-scale campaign, which ingloriously ended after an unsuccessful siege of Tarnovo with this defeat. After the victory, Tsar Peter withdrew from the administration of the state and handed it over to Tsar Asen I, and in honor of the great Bulgarian victory, the oldest church in the city was built - "St. Archangel Michael". According to legend, during the time of Tsar Ivan Asen II, above the nearby village of Tsareva livada around Neychevtsi hamlet, there was the summer palace of the tsar, from where "the royal sabers and other royal things" were dug up. To this day, the place is called the city and is a frequent object of mining raids. Again, according to the legend, the horses of Asenevci grazed on the meadows in the slope below the village. The name of today's Trevna village - Tsareva livada - came from there. The plateau next to it is the historic area of Strinava. It is more difficult to access and in the Middle Ages it was fortified as a strategic stronghold. Today there are preserved remains of fortress walls and foundations of buildings. One of the fortifications found in the area - 2 km north of the village of Tsareva livada - has been identified with the Strinava (Kingdom) fortress, mentioned by Byzantine writers in connection with battles that took place there. Here is the legendary place where the brothers Asen and Peter were born to a Kuman mother and a Bulgarian father, and later they asked the Byzantine emperor to allow them to build their fortress, and his refusal gave the formal occasion for the Bulgarian uprising, and after the victory, the Asene people they often came to rest and hunt in Strinava, which was their summer residence. Together with three more fortresses belonging to the fortified area - Boruna, Kuklata and Kaleto - it played an important role in the defense of the Second Bulgarian State. Some of these fortresses have a triple row of walls up to 2 meters thick. Coins, arrows, spears, swords, a padlock weighing 13 kg were found in the vicinity. These are indisputable evidences of an intense life. Around the Strinava plateau with an area of about 5-6 square kilometers, the area all the way to Tryavna abounds with place names such as Tsar Asenik, Tsar Kaolyanik, Tsaryuvi bahchi, Tsarskoto, Sternata, Tsar Asenova trail, the villages of Tsarevi livadi, Kumani, Voynitsi, Skortsi and so called.

 

After the Ottoman invasion

At the end of the 14th century, dramatic events occurred again, the Turkish invasion reached the lands around the capital city. In 1393, Tarnovo fell under Ottoman rule. Legends say that here and in the surrounding villages, Velentsi (from "velya" - I command), Popovtsi (now Chernovrakh) and Tsarevi Livadi, representatives of the spiritual clergy and boyars who fled from Tarnovo settled. A legend written down by the local teacher Hristo Daskalov tells of many boyars who sought refuge in the Balkans, and many settlements in the area connect their origin and their names precisely with these turning points in the history of the Bulgarian people.

The oldest official information about Tryavna is from the time of Ottoman rule - XV-XVI century. In the region of today's city, a population from the surrounding highland settlements settled, serving in the XIII-XIV centuries. the roads through the mountain and ensured the security of the passes. Tryavna is structured as a Derventji village of people performing paramilitary functions. This state was regulated by a special Sultan's decree of April 8, 1565, in which the name Tryavna was mentioned for the first time. The order says that there is a place in the mountain called Tarnava, where it is appropriate to establish a settlement, whose inhabitants, in return for the duty of guarding and guarding the pass from robbers, should be exempted from state burdens and customary levies. This provides residents of Trevna with tax privileges and complete freedom.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Tryavna grew rapidly. Immigrants from Odrinsko, Teteven, etc. are moving to the city. The lack of fertile lands pushed people to seek other livelihoods and opportunities, such as trade. Gradually, with hard work and enterprise, the inhabitants of Tryavna developed and turned into their main livelihood the artistic crafts of icon painting, wood carving, kazaslak, as well as muftachism, kuyumjiism, gaitanjiism, construction, etc. In addition, until the end of the 17th century, and later, the people of Trevna were engaged in sericulture and rose production. The goods of the local artisans reached the most distant markets of the Ottoman Empire, and even beyond its borders - to Austria, Wallachia and Russia. The economic prosperity, the abundance of stone and wood and the proximity to examples of Tarnovo medieval art are the reasons for the birth of the oldest of the Renaissance art schools in the city in the middle of the 17th century - the Trevne school, which includes three main areas of artistic and creative activity: icon painting , wood carving and construction. The founder of the Trevnen Art School is Vitan Karchov, who worked in the first half of the 17th century.

Participation in the struggles for national liberation
Many people from Trevna join the struggle for national liberation. They actively participate in helping the Russian troops during the battles at Shipka - Sheinovo, many of them, like Mincho Stari, are their scouts, guides in the mountains and suppliers of food. Levski's associate, Angel Kanchev (1850 – 1871), was also born in Tryavna. Vasil Levski himself visited the city several times to organize revolutionary activities. Tryavna is among the settlements that took part in the April Uprising. On April 25, 1876, a messenger from Panagyurishte arrived in the city with a letter from the apostles of the IV Plovdiv Revolutionary District, Georgi Benkovski and Zahari Stoyanov, calling for an immediate rebellion. The local activists, led by the chairman of the revolutionary committee, the painter Tsanyu Zahariev, gathered a group of 50 people in ten days. Led by Voivode Hristo Patrev, the insurgents captured the city on May 5 without encountering any resistance. On May 9, the detachment, which had already grown to 110 men, confronted the Bashibozuk and regular army near the village of Nova Mahala. Thanks to the chosen convenient position and their organization, the people of Trevna managed to repulse the attacks of the Ottomans three times. However, they experience problems due to hunger and insufficient ammunition and decide to split up and retreat. Many of them were captured and executed or sent into exile. During the Russo-Turkish war of liberation from 1877-1878, more than 200 citizens of Trevan took part.

Tryavna welcomed its freedom on St. Peter's Day 1877.

 

After the Liberation

From the beginning of December 1892, the Petko voivode lived here as an internee until the fall of Stambolov, after which on May 18, 1894 he returned to Varna. The citizenry treats the voivode with deep reverence and respect.

The people of Trevnen participated massively in the five wars for the unification of Bulgaria, which were fought between 1885 and 1945.

Former artisan workshops grew into small furniture and textile enterprises. In the second half of the 20th century, modern enterprises for the production of woolen textiles, knitwear, furniture, mechanical engineering and military production grew here. But the people of Trevna have been making good use of the natural resources of their beautiful region since the beginning of the 20th century. Tourism and resort activities are developing in Tryavna. The first tourists in 1896 were greeted with a bit of distrust, but soon the spirit of modernity and innate enterprise took over. In 1910, the Society for the Cultural and Economic Upliftment of the Town of Tryavna was established, which, together with the town administration, made great efforts to improve the settlement and create amenities for vacationers who come here for the beautiful nature and healthy Balkan air. In 1927, a book about the Tryavna resort and postcards were published, a film about the nature and sights of the city was also distributed. Thus, in 1937, Tryavna received the status of a "rest place" by Order of the Main Directorate of Public Health.

In 1963, Tryavna was officially declared a resort.

Trevna art school
During the Renaissance, an art school was established in Tryavna. The founder of the Trevne art school is Vitan Karchov, who worked in the first half of the 17th century. The Trevnen School of Art is known mostly for its woodcarvers and painters.

 

Architecture

The unique appearance of Tryavna is due to Neinat’s self-made architecture, to the generations of mystory builders, they built a church, a bridge, a school, they created an original and beautiful Tryavna kashta. Vozrozhdensk street ensembles “Petko R. Slaveykov” and “Asenevtsi”, in Kachaunskata mahala, have preserved their authenticity and romance. Dvukatnye kashchi from the publishing house of the street erkeri and wide eaves will attract admirers to the native architecture. One of the most impressive and representatives of the Tryavna family is Daskalovata. It was built between 1804 - 1808, under the surname Daskalovi, and is a typical example of early Renaissance housing architecture, combining utility and originality in the exterior. Kashta ima is traditional and rich in uredba. Nai-impressive elements in the interior of the sa, rezbovani tavani in the two guests of the flock, from the form to the slantsa - shedyovri on the Bulgarian darvorezba from the epohat on Vozrazhdaneto. In the region, a pole of the Trevna family works for the icon painter, which for two centuries has been creating masterpieces for icon painting - thinning the type of renaissance icon, combining tradition with medieval iconography and dogmatics, and innovating in modern times - realism, spirituality, richness of color tag. Tryavna icon painters swear by Tryavna with glory and blyask, work and in the far-distant katcheta on the Bulgarian land, prokarvayki by Tozi began to suggest to their own art to sarceto on the habits of people. Trevnenskie rezbari pokrivat domovoi and tsarkvi with graceful si darvorezba, sometimes strict and uniform proportions on private and public sgradi, naysayy on tozi began more than toplin and splendor in the interior. Maystori-builders, rezbari, icon painters will achieve exceptional mastery and virtuosity in their work, and this assertion is exceptionally high and appreciating the prestige of Vozrazhdane. According to the tsyalat of the Bulgarian lands, those lands create and leave behind the generations inescapable material and spiritual values - churches, manastir, icons, kashchi, schools, bridges, cheshmi, cambanaria and nay-veche unique beauty. Prez 18th and 19th century Tryavna has turned into a single center of culture from the watershed in Bulgaria, a middle ground, in some way inherited from the middle ages ce transformer in the beginning, is in line with the new society and economic reality. Taka with time will be remembered and Tryavna will be called “altan”, i.e. golden.

Among the masterpieces on the ancient architectural heritage of the sa kashte, grades from Dimitar Sergyuv. Kalinchevata kashta (1830), Dobrevata (1834), Sergevat (1841), Raykovata (1846), Kirevata (1851), among other architectural creations on the basis of the Tryavna builder. Nai-typical and Khubavi specimens on the Tryavnenskaya kashta sa Kalinchevata and Raikovata (monument on kulturat with national significance). Look for a similar volume-spatial solution - two-storey, with a representative facade, a street line; dukyan otkm street; erkerno naddavane on the second floor, housing floor above the first floor (something razchupva façade and mekchava strictness on kashtata); golyam chardak on the second floor, the open room is wide open courtyard.

In the year of alien dominion, the tryvnentsi do not show themselves such talented maistori, but they also organize such a native place, in some way they live, that until today, wake up admiration and create a reason for national pride in the architectural complex in the center of the city, including some significant monuments on this is an art of construction, testifying to the enterprising spirit of the trynovenets, striving for beauty and self-expression.

In the center of Tryavna all over the world there is only one reserved area in Bulgaria, with an adjoining one near the fence. It is unique in terms of urban planning and solution, which somehow allows you to gather for a multitude of chorus on various occasions. Almost all fences, closing up the areal space and imat whitewashing architecture. Buildings in different times from different mystories, the talent for revival architecture is undeniable. Dyado Nikola Square is very significant, unique and dreadfully reserved for the vzrozhdenka square - an ensemble from the reading of the chapel kula to the city, spomenavan and from Slaveykov (which is the main reason for the pride of the tryvnentsi), "Slaveykovoto (Staroto) Shkolo", from diasno to square, a real art gallery and museum at the Tryavnaskat Rezbar school, from the ancient church "St. Archangel Michael" before him, the street and the old stone "Givgiren Bridge" (Garbavia Bridge), drawing the charshiyat from the square.

Representative of the castle on the square from the chapel kula e Tryavnenskoto school. Schools and environments open secular schools in Bulgaria. Be active and enterprising, try not to stay back from projecting ideas on Vazrazhdaneto and with the efforts of the village community of Tryavna, a city was built, in which it was organized from the first secular school in Bulgaria, where teaching in modernist pedagogical methods. It was built in the period of 1836 - 1839, the building was taken out, on the right plan, from the premises from the countryside, the yard was filled with negoli. Plant on the fence like a manastirskite complex from the commodity of time. In the early years of notoriety, he was beaten by the teacher golemyat Bulgarian sings, writer, publicist, social and political activist Petko R. Slaveikov. The house, in which the family used to live, is now turned into a museum. Here is sezhda and negoviyat sin Pencho Slaveykov - one from the best you can see Bulgarian sing and cultural deutsi.

Harmoniously blended with the surrounding architectural environment and appearance, a stone bridge was built on Tryavna, built by Dimitar Sergyuv Prez in 1844-1845. It brings an additional charge for the unique atmosphere in Tryavna.

Chasovnikovata kula (1814): “Send here the Tryavna sahat…” – the chronicler of Tryavna pop Yovcho wrote down. The legend of the story, so get permission from the Ottoman authorities for building on the kulata, the jackets will shake it and they will refuse and wear the traditional nakit for the head, sokay, resembling beautiful royal tiaras. The watchmaker's mechanism was worked out and set up in 1815 by the Gabrovskite maistori Kanyu and Genya Radoslavov. Dnes Chasovnikovata Kula is one of the symbols of Tryavna. A slender silhouette is stone, the syakash has remained imperishable for a year, a bronze kambanaria looked up from the soil on the mountain, someone’s kamban ringing the death of time and the belly of the belly.

Seek in the architectural reserve sa saved the authenticity and view from the Rezbarsk laborers and dukyans, and twist sa from the stone of the shoulder. In the same style, and Cherkvat na hail (as if I’ll cut the watchman’s kula).

The beauty of this composition is setting the churches on the city. In honor of the bitkat in the Tryavna passage, 1185, the church in Tryavna was fenced - the church “St. Archangel Michael". Cherkvata is an indivisible element from the composition to the old square from the chapel kula. Data on the citizen is not known. Prez 1798, the church was fired from kardzhaliite and re-renewed from the previous prez 1819. In the plan, representing a tricorabna, a single apse pseudo-basilica with a narthex. The icons on the temple and the iconostasis were made by representatives of the Vitanovskata surname, in the period 1820 - 1821.

Another town church e "Saint Georgi". Churchvata is located in "Dolnata" waved at the castle. It was built in the period 1848 - 1852 by the headmaster Dimitar Sergyuv. The iconostasis on the temple was made by Dimitar Doykovcheto - one of the most talented Trevna maistori rezbari. Representatives on Vitanovskat surname write iconite, and mural sa deed on zografi from Zaharievskat surname and surname on pop Dimitar Kanchov.

Prez 1938 of the spouse of Tsar Boris III, Tsaritsa Yoanna Daryava, sister-in-law Zestra for building the Children's Tsar's Sanatorium for the treatment and prevention of white diseases, which he opened the prez of 1943. In it, idvat and se lekuvat and revitalize the child from all over the edge in Bulgaria .

 

Settlements and other charms are close

In the vicinity of the picturesque villages of Bozhentsi (Bozhentsi), Skortsite, Velentsi, Kumanite, Voynitsy, Popovtsi (Chernovrakh), Genchovtsi, Enchovtsi, Bozhkovtsi, Bizhevtsi, Radantsi, Plachkovtsi. The Balkandzhiite characterizes the humor of the region near Gabrovo and Tryavna Tsentar on the nay-zevzesh settlements of the names in Bulgaria, tuk sa: Dupinite (Nikolaevo), Sarbogzite, Gzurnitsite (Lyubovo), Prdlevtsi and Dupelite (sitting on the predhodnoto), Tarsigzi (Tarsiite, Andreevo) , Bag of Lies, Khitrevtsi, Kreslyuvtsi, Barbortsi, Kiselkovtsi, Mrazetsi, Trapeskovtsi, Svirtsi, Kisiytsyte, Malchovtsi, Bahretsi, Kartipnya, Parzhigrah, Bangeytsi, Chakalyte, Bardeni, Pobk, Vrabtsyte, etc. Near sa Varkhovete Golyam Bedek and Malak Bedek, parklisite and ekopitekite km vrah Bazovets and vrah Golyam Krastets, cave Zmeyuva dupka (Zmeeva, Zmeyova dupka) to the city of Tryavna and Marina (Parova) dupka at the village. Genchovtsi, National Natural Park “Bulgarka” with Vikanata Rock and Studiya Kladenets. The geographic center of Bulgaria - the locality of Uzan in the central Stara Planina is not very far away.

 

Politics

Kmetov from 1991
1991 - Ludmil Ivanov.
1995 - Todor Sharlandzhiev (Pre-election coalition of the BSP, BZNS Aleksandar Stamboliisky, PK Ekoglasnost) went to the first round with 62% cross Nikola Bonev (SDS, NS-BZNS).
1999 - Stefan Danailov (ODS plus) won the second round with 50% cross Todor Sharlandzhiev (BSP, PK Ecoglasnost).
2003 - Stefan Danailov (Coalition "For Tryavna") wins the second round with 60% cross Alexander Atanasov (BSP).
2007 - Dragomir Nikolov (Initiative Committee) crossed Stefan Danailov (Coalition "For Tryavna") with 51.98% in the second round.
2011 - Dragomir Nikolov (KP Vazrazhdane) crossed Lyudmil Buchev (KP PROMYANA) to the second round with 51.76%.
2015 - Doncho Zahariev ("GERB").
2019 - Silvia Krasteva (PP "VMRO - BND")

Community council
Dispute of the Law for local self-government and local administration of the administration of the City of Tryavna was appointed by the mayor and community council from the 17th councillor. For every four years, a new communal council and committee has been elected, as a result of the election of foresight for the year 2023.