Wiesbaden is the capital of the State of Hesse and with its 15
thermal and mineral springs one of the oldest health spas in Europe.
Around 279,000 people lived in Hesse's second largest city after
Frankfurt am Main at the end of 2019. The independent city is one of
the ten regional centers of the state of Hesse and, together with
the neighboring Rhineland-Palatinate state capital Mainz, forms a
cross-border dual center with a total of around 507,000 inhabitants.
Mainz and Wiesbaden are the only two capitals of German territorial
states with a common city border. Alongside Frankfurt am Main, Mainz
and Darmstadt, the city is one of the core cities of the Frankfurt /
Rhine-Main metropolitan region. Some areas also belong to the
Frankfurt metropolitan area.
In 2015, the state capital
Wiesbaden ranked sixth among the wealthiest cities in Germany with
over 200,000 inhabitants. In 2018, the city had an above-average
purchasing power index of 110.3 percent of the national average or
around 25,961 euros per person in employment and thus ranks 7th
among the 56 largest German cities. In the future atlas 2019, the
city of Wiesbaden was ranked 46th out of 402 districts and cities in
Germany, making it one of the places with "high future
opportunities".
By plane
Frankfurt am Main Airport is 37 kilometers from
Wiesbaden. The S-Bahn S8 and S9 connects the regional train station
airport directly with Wiesbaden Central Station. ICES drive via the
Airport Fernbahnhof to Dresden.
By train
Wiesbaden
Hauptbahnhof still testifies to the former importance of the spa town.
The train station, not least because of its construction as a head
station, has been cut off from the large traffic flows for many years.
In order not to lose all long -distance traffic, the city of Wiesbaden
implemented a two -track junction to the main train station when
building the Frankfurt -Köln express track - with two trains a day, this
is the most weakest two -track route in Germany today.
Long
-distance trains only keep in Wiesbaden Central Station. The majority of
traffic today make up the numerous regional trains that Wiesbaden spend
with the region.
An S-Bahn every half hour: the S1 via
Mainz-Kastel and Frankfurt-Höchst to Rödermark-Ober-Roden, the S8 via
Mainz-Hbf and the S9 via Mainz-Kastel to Frankfurt Airport and further
to Hanau. The S-Bahns from Wiesbaden all drive through the Frankfurter
and Offenbacher City. Otherwise, a regional Express (RB10) drives from
Frankfurt am Main to Koblenz. Regional trains run via Mainz to Darmstadt
and Niedernhausen, partly further to Limburg an der Lahn.
For the
trip from Frankfurt to Wiesbaden, the regional-Express towards Koblenz
is clearly preferable to the S-Bahn, since it (at the same price) is
much faster and the trains are also air-conditioned.
The S8
S-Bahn runs around the clock, the other S-Bahn runs only on the weekend
nights. In the evening, rail traffic is stopped quite early on the
regional trains.
Approach-actually a head station should be
barrier-free, but the floor height of the S-Bahn is higher than the
platform and that of the regional trains lower than the platform. So
ramps have to be opened.
From the main train station to the city
center
From the main train station to the city center there are
approx. 2 km or 3-4 bus stops. The bus dough B stop is located in
Bahnhofstrasse behind the traffic lights. Bus lines 4, 14, 27 and 45
drive to the town hall ("Dernsche's site") and to the shopping footer
zone ("Kirchgasse"). The lines 1 and 8 ("Kurhaus/Theater") are taken to
the State Theater and Kurhaus, the driving on to the northern end of the
pedestrian zone ("Webergasse") and to the Kranz-/Kochbrunnenplatz
("Kochbrunnen").
By bus
In Salzbachstrasse, on the side of the
main train station, the long -distance bus stop is located, where there
are several connection options (e.g. to Berlin, Munich or Würzburg). The
next long -distance bus stations are Mainz and Frankfurt.
In the
street
Environmental zones were set up in Wiesbaden within the
meaning of the fine dust regulation. Without the corresponding badge,
you risk a fine of € 100 when entering an environmental zone. This also
applies to foreign road users.
The A66 is the most important
motorway that leads through Wiesbaden with several junctions. Traffic
disabilities can be expected at different times. Due to the blasting of
the Salzbach Valley Bridge that had become necessary for acute collapse,
the motorway is currently interrupted in Wiesbaden. As a result, there
is permanently a complete traffic collapse. The journey via this highway
can no longer be recommended.
From the north you can shorten the
journey by leaving the A3 on the departure symbol: AS 46
Wiesbaden/Niedernhausen and follows the B455 to Wiesbaden. To get to the
city center, you can turn right into the “Bierstadt Höhe” street in
Wiesbaden-Bierstadt.
The A643 comes from Mainz and is known
throughout the region because of the breakdown construction site
"Schiersteiner Brücke". The 2nd cache of the new building is expected to
be completed in 2021. The traffic actually always flows tough and in
rush hour traffic can be expected. Often, especially from the southeast,
the journey via the A671, which branches off the A60 on the Mainspitz
triangle, is still a superior alternative. The only other crossing of
the Rhine besides the two motorways mentioned is the inner-city bridge
of the B40 from Mainz to Mainz-Kastel, which is not a real alternative.
The next fixed Rhine crossings are only back in Koblenz and Worms.
If you are looking for a free parking space and like to walk through
parks, you should drive into Paulinenstrasse and start up in
Steubenstrasse or between the theater parkinghouse and Kurhaus in
Parkstrasse next to the spa park. Alternatively, you can park at the end
of Taunusstrasse and in the Nerotal. From Monday to Friday, parking in
the city center in the "resident parking spaces" is only permitted for 2
hours during the day.
By bicycle
Rhein-Radweg along the banks
of the Rhine with a detour at Biebricher Castle to the city center
Hess. Railway R3 R3 along the Rheinufer
Rheingauer Riesling Route
Radwanderweg through the Rheingau Weinberge
Main cycle path past the
main mouth to Mainz-Kastel
Hessian Rad-Fernweg R6 on the Ostrand from
Wiesbaden to the Main Bridge in Mainz-Kostheim
The bicycle rental
station "Radler" is located to the right of the main train station in an
old railway wagon (only open in summer). You can also rent electric
bikes here. Bicycles can also be rented in the theater car park.
By boat
In the Biebrich district there is a laying station of the
large excursion and cabin ships on the Rhine. To be reached with the
city buses line 4, 14 and 9 to the Rheinufer end point. The timetable of
the Cologne-Düsseldorf Rhine shipping can be found here (info phone 0221
2088-318). The primus line also has an investor here, information about
the tours can be found at
https://www.primus-linie.de/de/
A small tour from Wiesbaden
Biebrich on the Rettbergsaue and in the Schierstein harbor can be done
with the person Rhine ferry "Tamara" in the summer months. Information
on the timetable can be found here.
If you want to make a
shipping through the Middle Rhine Valley, you can go on tour well from
Wiesbaden.
Buses and S-Bahn
Wiesbaden, Mainz, Hochheim and Walluf form a
tariff zone in the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV) (price level 3,
single trip € 3.20, (as of 2022). Collective cards make the trip to €
2.30. 2,-€ offered (applies to 3 stations). The day ticket costs € 6.40,
the group day ticket for up to 5 people: € 12.30. Frankfurter Airport
costs € 5.60), group day ticket: € 18.50. · The RNN transfer tariff can
be selected for trips south and west of Mainz at the machine. · The
Hessen ticket for up to 5 people at 38,- (Mon- Fri from 9 a.m., Sat and
so all-day) applies to all local transport, including in Mainz. The
Rhineland-Palatinate ticket (for the 1st person: 25,- €, € 6 per person)
also applies to Wiesbaden (all buses), in Saarland and for both Rhine
routes to Koblenz. You can use it to go to French (Wissembourg) and to
Bonn Hbf (not Bonn-Flül).
The district of Main-Bingen is part of
the local local transport network (RNN). Between the two allies there
are transitional tariffs that apply in all buses and trams of the MVG,
in all buses the ESWE traffic and the Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe and in
all local transport trains (RB, S-Bahn).
The mobility center of
ESWE traffic is located at Marktstraße 10, on the side of the new town
hall, Infokiosk also in front of the main train station (busig A) and on
Luisenplatz (Busseig B).
City tour with the Thermine or
Dreilien-Bahn-With the rubber tires tourist train you can take a city
tour through Wiesbaden and Neroberg. Route, travel times and prices see
www.thermine.de.
Cycling in the city - dangerous or just
imposition?
In Wiesbaden, many citizens don't dare to get their bike
out of the basement. They think cycling in the city is too dangerous.
The Frankfurter Rundschau created a list of defects with readers. In the
past 10 years, bike strips have only been created on Bahnhofstrasse and
Taunusstrasse, and these are often parked. The main traffic axes for
through traffic should be avoided better. Since Wiesbaden has no
northern bypass and no complete ring road, all commuters have to drive
through the city from the surrounding places (160,000 cars every day).
The traffic -calmed side streets are better to drive on the bike, and
you can see the magnificent houses of the Wilhelminian era there. The
Wiesbaden courier also classifies the network of cycle paths as poor,
wheel strips are regularly parked by cars. The bus traces for cyclists
were only released after a lawsuit in court. The cyclists have to wait
for red at the special traffic lights for buses and block the buses
authorized to go.
While the bicycle climate in the ADFC-W:
bicycle climate test in 2012 was mostly "cheerful", Wiesbaden in the
group of big cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants with Wuppertal
shared the worst overall grade: The Hessian state capital received a
clear "with a 4.55 as an overall grade" inadequate".
1 Russian Orthodox Church Wiesbaden. See Neroberg#Russian Orthodox
Church.
2 Market Church, Schloßplatz 4. Evangelical-Built 1853-1862
in Neobacksteingothik with 5 towers, the middle one is 90m high. Statues
of Jesus and the 4 evangelists are grouped around the altar. The pulpit
is made of richly decorated bronze iron cast. Three choral windows from
1953-1962 show the birth, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. In 1986
the church received a Carillon with 49 bells that sounds 3 times a day.
Open: Tue.-Fri. 2 p.m. to 6 p.m., Wed also 10 a.m. to 11.30 a.m., Sat.
10 a.m. to 2 p.m., Sun 2-17 p.m. A tower inclination for one of the two
galleries is only possible on special days.
3 St. Bonifatius.
Catholic main church on Luisenplatz.
4 Lutherkirche. Evangelical, -
Art Nouveau Church built by Darmstadt Friedrich Pützer 1908-11. Also
worth seeing are the sculpture and mosaics in the entrance hall of
Agusto Varnesi, professor at TH Darmstadt for decorative plastic. Open:
Mon and Fri. from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m., Tues. - Thu from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. ·
History of the Lutherkirche.
5 ring church. The Protestant cathedral
of the little man, built in 1892 - built in 1894 in a neo -Romanesque
style. The main entrance is on the west side. Open: Thursday 5 - 7 p.m.
and Sat. 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. Church tours on Saturdays at 3 p.m.
6
Bergkirche, Lehrstraße 6. Tel.: (0) 611 - 524 300. Evangelical, 1876-79
built on a hill in the mountain church district in a neo -Gothic style.
7 Heilig-Geist-Kirche, Drususstraße 26.
8 Friedenskirche,
Schwalbacher Straße 60. Church of the old Catholic community in
Wiesbaden from 1898.
9 St. Augustine’s of Canterbury, Frankfurter
Straße 3rd Tel.: +49 (0) 611 30 66 74. Anglican church, built by Theodor
Goetz 1863-65.
Castles and palaces
1 Biebrich Castle. 1700 baroque lock, which began and expanded by
1750, along the Rhine with the extensive castle park behind it. The
large staircase in front of the rotunda on the Rhine side was grown in
1824. The castle today serves the Hessian state government and is home
to the Hessian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments. Castle
tour only 1 times a month, mostly on Wednesdays, ask the tourist
information.
2 Stadschoss Wiesbaden Wikipediacommons. Built by the
Dukes of Nassau in 1840. It was almost annual summer residence of the
Prussian kings after 1866. The rather inconspicuous building from the
outside surprises the inside of its beauty of the staircase, the two
rotunda and ducal rooms. Today it is a representative building of the
Hessian state parliament. The Hessian Parliament met from 1946 to 1962
in the music hall. From the music hall, the ducal lodge of the former
riding arena, which was demolished in 1960 due to the new building of
the plenary hall tract. Instead of the rectangular expansion, a four
-wing door was built into the foyer of the plenary hall, which was
inaugurated in 1962. This new building was demolished in January 2005
and replaced by a new building. If you open the four -wing door of the
music hall, experience a culture shock and cross two centuries with a
step. Many rooms are still in its original condition. The splendidly
equipped castle rooms in the left wing can no longer be visited free of
charge every Saturday at 3 p.m. due to renovation work. The dukes did
not prefer the main entrance, but the two outside passing passes. So
they could get into the stairwell from their carriages unobserved.
3
Solmschlösschen
4 Sonnenberg Castle - Ruin has been accessible again
since 2015. You also have a nice look from the garden of the noble
restaurant.
5 Jagdschloss Platte · Building ruins with glass roofing
· Viewing is only possible once a year.
6 Freudenberg Castle
7
Frauenstein Castle
Kurhaus Wiesbaden. The Kurhaus, built in 1810, was not sufficient for
the global town. The demolition began in 1905 and in 1907 the new
representative magnificent building was inaugurated, with its concert
and event hall with 1350 seats. The former central spa hall of the first
Kurhaus was reproduced in the north wing, which takes up 400 people. In
addition to 7 other rooms for 70 to 240 places, the Käfers restaurant
and the casino, which was prohibited at Kaiser Wilhelm's times.
Kurhauskolonnaden - In addition to the machine casino and a restaurant,
you offer 3 more rooms with 150 - 500 seats.
Theater colonnade from
1839 - Here are the entrances to the large house, small house and foyer
of the Hessian State Theater. The monumental Wilhelmine stem in 1894 as
the entrance to the theater was replaced in 1938 by an entrance in the
classicist style. This was destroyed in 1945 and rebuilt slightly.
Hessian State Theater · In the style of the Neobarock from 1894
Neobarockes foyer from 1902 on the east side of the theater, which is
now hidden by theater colonnade and workshop construction. It is also
used as a concert dream and dance hall.
Hotel Nassauer Hof
On
the warm dam:
Villa Söhnlein-Pabst-White House · Built for the
sparkling wine manufacturer of Söhnlein Rheingold sparkling wine cellar.
From 1945 the American military authority took up the villa and most
recently used it as a headquarters until 1990. Today it has a building
contractor. Since October 2010, the café has been closed with "Wiener
Flair" in the freshly restored house and can only be rented as an event
location for honorable money.
Villa Clementine - Summer residence of
the kings of Romania, now freshly renovated literary house. The café in
the Beletage invites you to linger, read and book exchange. It is open:
Tue - Thu. From 9.30 a.m. - 6.30 p.m., Fri. and Sat. from 9.30 a.m. -
10.30 p.m. and Sun. from 9.30 a.m. - 5 p.m.
At the Schlossplatz
in the city center:
Old Town Hall. The old town hall is the oldest
building in the city and was originally a half -timbered building.
New town hall . 1883 - 1887 built in the style of the neo -Renaissance.
Externally, it outdated the opposite Nassau city palace in the external
ornament. Although the top main gable survived the Second World War, the
front was rebuilt with an additional floor. Exhibitions take place on
the ground floor.
Historical pentagon (city center)
Römertor ·
Remains of the former pagan wall.
Hess. State Chancellery, former
Hotel Rose · The former Nobel Hotel Rose at Kochbrunnenplatz.
Kochbrunnen · The most beautiful of the 14 active thermal springs with
67 degrees of hot water compared to the State Chancellery.
State
library on Rheinstrasse.
South of the Rheinstrasse:
Central
station - built a good 100 years ago with 11 tracks impressive and
elegant.
The 3 Rheinmain Congress Center was opened on April 13,
2018. The Halle North can take up to 5000 places. The spectator
grandstand can be disassembled and stowed away in the adjoining room.
The oversized new building stands opposite the State Museum. The former
Rhein-Main-Hallen built in 1956 were demolished from August 2014. There
were three train stations here in the 19th century.
The Adolf Sallee
is a park on which old apartment buildings from the Wilhelminian era
stand on both sides. In the middle stand around the fountain chairs and
tables that are managed by the sherry & port.
In Biebrich:
Sparkling wine cellar Henkell - the foyer is equipped with a lock -like,
the sparkling wine fermented in 5 shot, is stored and filled.
Kaiser-Friedrich-Denkmal · 1897, next to the Nassauer Hof, opposite
the bowling Green.
Bismarck monument in the Nerotal.
Bodenstedt
monument
Ferdinand-Hey´l monument
Fresenius monument
Gustav
Freytag monument
Kaiser-Wilhelm i.-monument · The statue with a
height of 3.52m was created according to a draft by Johannes Schilling
by the Florentine sculptor Rafaelo Celai in white marble. As a 70 -year
-old in uniform, his sovereignty is on a reddish granite base. The
monument was built by the Wiesbaden population by donating a donation on
the occasion of the many visits to Wilhelm I. The unveiling took place
on October 16, 1894 by his grandson Wilhelm II.
Kaiser-Friedrich III.
-Monument
Museum Wiesbaden, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 2nd Tel.: (0) 611 3352250.
Hessian State Museum for Art and Nature: Natural History, History of the
Nassau antiquities and art collection. The permanent exhibition has been
worth seeing since 2019 and Art Nouveau: Ferdinand Wolfgang Ness
Collection. Open: Tue and Thu 10: 00-20: 00, Wed, Fri, Sat, Sun and
Holidays 10: 00-17: 00, Mon day of rest. Price: adults 6 € (only
permanent exhibitions) or € 10 (also special exhibitions), children free
admission.
City Museum on the market. Tel.: (0) 611 34132877. In
September 2016, the city museum opened its doors in the former market
cellar below the market square. The history of the city of Wiesbaden is
shown from antiquity to the present day. Open: Tue-so 11: 00-17: 00.
Price: adults 5 €, children free admission.
Active Museum
Spiegelgasse for German-Jewish history
Frauenmuseum, Wörthstraße 5,
65185 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 3081763. Open: Wed and Thu 10: 00-17: 00,
Sat, Sun and on public holidays 12: 00-17: 00. Price: 6 €.
Harlekinäum - oblique collection of humorous ideas
Karlsbad Museum,
Oranienstraße 3. Wiesbaden is a sponsor of the displaced people from the
former spa town of Karlsbad in Sudetenland, and for this reason there is
a Karlsbader Heimatmuseum with local history, famous spa guests and
local history in Wiesbaden. Open: on the 1st Saturday of the month 11:00
a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Bowling Green with the two cascade fountains and the Kurhausplatz in
front of the Kurhaus, north the Kurhaus colonnades and south the theater
colonnades with the theater entrance.
Wilhelmstraße - Wiesbaden's
Prachtboulevard, on the eastern side is the Literaturhaus Villa
Clementine, the Park Warm Damm, the Hessian State Theater and the
bowling Green.
Taunusstraße - Extension of Wilhelmstrasse to
Northwest with many magnificent villas
Schlossplatz with the market
fountain from 1753 with the golden Nassau lion; Framed by the old and
new town hall, the market church, as well as opposite the city palace
and cavalier house.
Market square with the market pillar and
underneath market square, on the back of the market church.
In
addition, the Dersche area - weekly market: Wed. and Sat. in the
morning, otherwise also event site.
The Mauritusplatz has lost much
of its cosiness due to the redesign. The free area is often used for
events.
Next to the wreath of the Kochbrunnenplatz with the
Kochbrunnen and east of the former Hotel Rose, where the State
Chancellery today has its domicile. The hotels were concentrated here
and in the neighborhood until World War II. There is only a part of the
elegant former change hall and a restaurant is housed.
Luisenplatz
with the Waterloo Obelisk
Kurpark, · The original system was built in 1810-12 after the first
spa house building by the Hofgärtner Schweitzer. An expansion took place
in 1838. The park learned a redesign in an English landscape garden in
1855/56 by the Biebrich Horticultural Director Friedrich Thelemann.
Magnolia, azaleas, rhododendrons, swamp cypresses grow here. There is a
fountain in the pond with an artificial island. The concert shell is
richly decorated with ornaments. The columns of the old Kurhaus and a
Dostojewski bust stand on the nice peg. Admission free. Continuation of
the park through the Rambach and Aukammtal. Bus stop: Kurhaus/Theater
Line 1, 8, 16 or stop: Leberberg line 16
Warmer Damm: · Friedrich
Thelemann, Biebrich Horticultural Director, planned this public green
area on behalf of Duke Adolf V. in 1859/60. The area on the back of the
theater was bought from the city of the Wiesbaden casino from the city
and designed as a landscape park with pond.
Rambachtal and Aukammtal
- The extension of the spa park is the elongated Rambach valley to the
Sonnenberg Castle. The Aukammtal branches off east; It leads past the
thermal bath, turns into an floodplain landscape and ends at the
pharmacy garden. Coffee and cake can enjoy comfortably in the orangery
of the nursery.
Pharmacy garden, · in the Aukammtal spa area. The
visually loosely designed garden provides the visitor with her herbs,
shrubs and trees grouped with medical application areas, an interesting
insight as well as a return to the strength of nature and the benefits
of plants for human health. Open from May to October, daily from 8 a.m.
to sunset with free admission. www.apothekergarten-wiesbaden.de. Bus
stop: Plutoweg line 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 37 (10 min. Fear path). From
the spa park you take a varied walk past the thermal bath and the
orangery Aukamm to the pharmacy garden.
Reising facilities - green
area opposite the main train station on former train systems.
Nerotal, a park that was created in the tradition of English landscape
gardens, was developed by city architect Felix Genzmer in 1897/98 as
"Duchess Elisabeth-Park" between the end of Taunusstraße and the
Nerobergbahn in a Wiesental.
Neroberg with Monopteros with the last
still water -powered funicular in Germany. On the 245m high hill you
have wonderful views of the "Tempelchen" (Monopteros) and from the
terrace below the mountain station. At the top there is a theater trough
and the excursion restaurant "The Tower" (the rest of the burned down
hotel complex). Nearby is located and in the forest the climbing garden
and below the Opelbad and the Russian church.
Walkmühltal systems
(Albrecht Düreranlagen)
Age cemetery amusement park
Richard-Wagner
facilities compared to the Henkel sparkling wine cellar
Biebrich
Castle The Schlosspark, which was extensive in 1811, with its wealth on
old trees and the artificial ruins of Moosburg forms a park of
particular charm. Bus stop: Biebrich Castle, line 9, 14, stop: Biebrich
Rheinufer 3, 4, 9, 14, 38 Biebrich RB 10 and bus 47.
Rettbergsaue ·
Rheininsel opposite Biebrich and Schierstein. The floodplain extends on
an area of 68 ha and a length of around 3 km. With its two leisure
grounds and campsites, she measures around 300 m at its widest point.
Because of its rich bird and fauna, 90 percent of the Rettbergsaue
nature reserve are. The remaining area is available for local
recreation. With the passenger ferry, you go to the island from the
stops. Bus stop: Biebrich Rheinufer, line 3, 4, 9, 14, 38th stop:
Schierstein harbor, line 23.
Animal and plant park Fasanerie · Around
50 animal species live in the traditional nature park, in addition to
the exotic, many domestic varieties. In addition to the predator feeding
at 11 a.m., a large adventure playground and the petting zoo, there is
much more to discover. · Open: Daily 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., from April to
October to 6pm. · Wilfried-Ries-Straße (Fischbuchtweg between Aar- and
Klarenthaler Straße) · Bus retirement stop: Tierpark Fasanerie, line 33
Löwenterrasse on the Neroberg - View of the city to
Rheinhessen.
Work tower Kellerskopf at Naurod-During the opening
hours of the catering business, further overview from the tower to
Taunus, to Feldberg and the Rhine-Main area.
Schläfersberg-Kaiser-Wilhelm-Tower-the Kaiser Wilhelm Tower has been in
the renovation since 2015.
Goethestein above Frauenstein - View over
the vineyards and to Rheinhessen. 150m away there is a small lookout
tower in the forest. - Bus line 24 "Goethestein".
City exploration by bike
Route of industrial culture
To swim
Thermal baths
Thermal bath Aukammtal. Tel.: (0) 611 1729880. Modern
swimming pool 32 ° C with 435 m² inner pool and 450 m² outdoor pool and
sauna area. Open: Sun to Thursday 8 a.m. - 9.30 p.m., Fri. and Sat. 8
a.m. - 11.30 p.m., Tue from 6 a.m., sauna a day from 9 a.m.
Kaiser-Friedrich-Therme, Langgasse 3, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611
1729660. The historicized thermal bath in late Art Nouveau from 1913 is
located on the site of an old Roman sweat bath. In 1999 it was
extensively restored, including the valuable tiles and frescoes. At the
same time, it was expanded into a large and fascinating sauna area. The
heart is the historicized Irish-Roman bathroom with the mosaic tiles,
the 23 ° C cold water swimming pool. Next door can be found tepidarium,
sudatorium, sanarium, Russian steam bath, Finnish sauna, steamstone
bath, oriental-looking rasul, sand bath, softpack applications and
massage offers. · The water from the 64.4 degrees already used by the
Romans is fed by eagle source, the water of which is prepared in the
basement and the aukammtalbad, which is removed kilometers away, is also
supplied. Weingergasse stop, line 1 and 8. Open: Sun to Thursday 10 a.m.
- 9:30 p.m., Fri. and Sat. 10 a.m. - 11.30 p.m. Price: per hour in
summer (May 1st - Aug. 31): € 4.50, in winter: € 6.
The thermal baths
of the hotels - neighboring large hotels have their own hot sources and
have their own bathing facilities, which can also be used as a non
-hotel guest.
Bathroom house with thermal bath (5 x 7 m) in the Hotel
Schwarzer Bock
Leisure baths
Opelbad. Tel.: (0) 611 17464990.
outdoor pool on the Neroberg, Panoramabad, seeing and being seen is the
top priority here. Open: daily from Easter to the end of October from 7
a.m. to 8 p.m. Call beforehand in an inconsistent weather whether it is
open. Price: € 8.20, young people € 14-17: 3 €, children: € 2.
Kleinfeldchen, Hollerbornstrasse 9, 65191 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611
312286. Open: Freibad Mon - Sun 8: 00–20: 00, indoor pool: Mon, Tue, Thu
+ Fri 7: 00–21: 45 p.m. Mi closed; Sat 8: 00-10: 00 women's swimming 10
- 18 for everyone; So 8: 00–10: 00 and 1 p.m. - 6 p.m. Price: 4.20 €,
children up to 18 years: € 1.50, sauna: € 8.70, up to 18 years: 5,- €.
Leisure pool Mainzer Straße, Mainzer Straße 144 (ESWE Freizebad, line 3,
6, 27, 33). Tel.: (0) 611 7803306. Early Eswe Bad; Indoor pool with 50m
track and sauna. Open: Mon closed, Tue - Fri 7: 00–20: 45, Sat - so 8:00
a.m. - 20: 00, sauna: Thursday women's day. Price: 4.20 €, children €
2.30, sauna with swimming pool: 9 €.
Kallebad outdoor pool,
Wörther-See-Straße 14, 65187 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 312524.
Salsa
Parkcafe. Open: every Wednesday.
Tango Argentino
House of Dance Facebook. Open: every Tuesday from 9:30 p.m.
The Wiesbadeners are a people who are happy to celebrate and there
are festivals for every taste.
January
The new year is opened
with a musical fireworks on the bowling green in front of the Kurhaus.
March
Easter and handicraft market attracts from CHF 15 to Sun
17, 2013 in the city center.
April
Spring Festival (fair),
Elsässer Platz from April 25 - 28, 2014
Ball of the wine in Kurhaus,
at the end of April/early May
May
International May Festival
in the Hessian State Theater of April 26 - May 31, 2014
Kranzplatzfest on the Kochbrunnenplatz next to the wreath place from May
28th - Sun. 1 June 2014
International classic car rally from May 29 -
June 1, 2014.
Pentecost tournament in the Biebricher Schlosspark,
always at Pentecost. On Tuesday before, a carriage corporation moves
through the city center to the town hall.
June
Biebricher
Höfefefest from June 5 - 7, 2020 - in 2 dozen farms is celebrated with
about 30 bands with free admission.
Theatrium - Wilhelmstraßenfest on
5 stages and an alcohol ban zone on the warm dam on Fri. 12th and Sat.
13 June 2020: Large program until midnight on all 5 stages, but salted
beverage prices. A bottle of sparkling wine Fürst Metternich: € 32. So,
it's best to bring drinks yourself.
Rheingau Music Festival - from
June 28 - September 13, 2014 at various locations in Wiesbaden and in
Rheingau.
July
Gibber Cerb, Biebrich, first weekend in July,
largest notch in Wiesbaden.
Schiersteiner Hafenfest, Schierstein,
from Friday 11th - Monday 14th July 2014 with large fireworks on Monday
Open-Air cinema-Images in the Reisinger facilities from July 10th-August
2, 2014 on three evenings per week: Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays in
the open air at the main station. The main film starts after sunset
around 9:30 p.m., there is also a short film ..
Wiesbadener
Impro-Theater summer "No liability for wardrobes"- Improvisation theater
in the theater trough on the Neroberg on Fridays and Saturdays from July
18- Aug. 9, 2014. Entry at your own discretion, from € 4 donation you
drive with the Nerobergbahn To the events and back free of charge, on
Saturdays until 11 p.m.
August
Wine festival (Rheingauer Wine
Week) from August 8th - 17th, 2014 with 3 stages and around 100 wine
stands.
Theater festival on Saturday at the end of August / early
September from 2 p.m. - Festival at the opening of the new season.
Guests can be there behind the scenes when rehearsal, made up or
painted. The workshops are open. In the evening at 7 p.m., a stage show
is waiting for the new season. Fails in 2014.
September
Night
of the churches on September 5, 2014, many churches are open in the
evening and each offer an interesting program.
Taunusstraßenfest on
the first weekend in September, from CHF 5 - Sun. 7 September 2014 - one
of the best street parties in autumn.
Wiesbaden dances: from Friday,
September 18th. By Saturday, September 19, 2020 you can sniff and dance
through in numerous places for € 15.
Wiesbaden city festival from
September 25th to 28th, 2014 with different topics in different places.
Autumn and artisan market from September 26 to 28, 2014 around the
Mauritiusplatz.
Thanksgiving Festival on September 27 and 28, 2014 on
the green areas of the warm dam on Wilhelmstrasse.
November
Artist Festival, the European Youth Circus takes place every two years:
November 16 - 19, 2014
December
Sternschnuppenmarkt from
November 25 to December 23, 2014 on the castle square between the new
town hall, market church, city palace (Hessian state parliament) and old
town hall; Romantic Christmas market with many lights, also in the city
center.
Wiesbaden has a long pedestrian zone with the two central shopping
axes, Kirchgasse and Langgasse. The usual clothing stores are
represented here, as you can find in other cities in Germany. The more
well-known jewelry and fast food chains are also represented here in
large numbers. As it should be for a big city, the traditional
department stores Karstadt and Galeria Kaufhof can also be found in
Wiesbaden.
In 2008, the Luisenforum was the first shopping center
in Wiesbaden on the premises of a former Karstadt branch. In addition to
shopping opportunities for daily needs, fashion chains and cafés are
also located here. The Luisenforum has its own parking garage on the
other side of Schwalbacher Strasse, with which it is connected via an
above -ground passage. There are some fast things in the parking garage.
The attempt to establish a second shopping center in Wiesbaden on
the site of the former main post (next to the main train station) can be
regarded as failed. Half of the shops have been empty since 2015, and a
announced conversion was delayed. An improvement came into force in 2018
after the renovation, two large grocery stores from a discounter and a
full -range extent have moved in and the passage is now based on the new
name Lili.
You have to search for something Wiesbaden's
specialties, most likely you can find them in Wilhelmstrasse and the
subsequent Taunusstrasse. The chocolate shop "Kunder" on Wilhelmstrasse
is one of the oldest shops in Wiesbaden.
If you want to sit outside at the mild temperatures of Wiesbaden,
find many restaurants in Goldgasse and Grabenstrasse before the new
Hessian state parliament. Kuffler's gastronomy also invites you to eat
in front of the Kurhaus, while in the spa park the beer garden is open
when the weather is nice.
Cheap
If you want to eat something
cheap and still don't want to make the quality suffer too much, you will
find a few smaller shops in Wiesbaden, which are usually only known by
Wiesbadeners. Good and inexpensive kebab snack bars can be found in
Moritzstrasse (extension of the pedestrian zone). An insider tip is the
Asian restaurant Kaiserkrone (Hagenauer Str. 40 65203 Wiesbaden). There
is a varied buffet at affordable prices.
More cheap restaurants:
Another insider tip regarding fast food off the big chains would be the
Graveyard Burger Guys in the Erbenheim district. The "snack bar" is
located on the site of a nursery at the local cemetery (hence the
naming). The snack bar where there are various burger creations has
closed on Sundays and Mondays, otherwise open at least between 12 p.m.
and 5 p.m. Address: Mittelpfad 7, 65205 Wiesbaden. Available by bus line
28 (stop: Friedhof Erbenheim)
Middle
There are inexpensive
lunch until 5 p.m. in the Italian restaurants in Goldgasse between
Langgasse and Grabenstraße. For € 10-11 there is a delicious starter, a
main course, a small drink and a coffee. You can also sit outside in the
cold season. Other cozy restaurants with outdoor spaces are on
Grabenstrasse opposite the state parliament. A beautiful Thäiländische
and French restaurant are in Spiegelgasse at the Paris court theater.
There are also good restaurants on Taunusstrasse at Kochbrunnenplatz.
Restaurant Bobbeskinkelche (one of the oldest and most traditional
taverns in Wiesbaden), Röderstraße 39. Tel.: +49 611 527959. Open:
constantly closed.
Felseneck Restaurant, Jägerstraße 13. Information
processing
Bistro restaurant "Leib & Seele", Willy-Brandt-Allee 2a,
corner of Schiersteiner Straße (in the Wiesbaden adult education center
in the European district). Tel.: (0) 611 - 9889 222. which served as the
barracks site of the US Army until 1993. Food in a beautiful ambience,
moderate prices for the upscale cuisine. Open: Sat. and Sun. Closed from
3 p.m.
Restaurant Palmyra (Arabic restaurant, Syrian-Libanese
cuisine), Taunusstraße 15. Tel.: +49 611 522121. Open: daily 12 noon.
Sombrero Latino, Adolfstraße 3 (between Luisenplatz and Adolf Salle).
Argentine restaurant. Feature: Argentic cuisine.
Restaurant Symposion
(Greek restaurant), W.-Mitte, Dotzheimer Straße 24/26 (stop Schwalbacher
Str./Luisenforum stop, about 250 meters footpath to the restaurant).
Tel.: +49611 372336 Facebook. Family -guided restaurant with outdoor
catering. Open: Mi-Mo 5:30 p.m.-23:30 p.m., Wed-Fri/Sun+Mon 11:30 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m.
Outside of:
Ratskeller Biebrich (Hessisch,
Regional), Rathausstraße 61. Tel.: +49 (0) 611 51026640 Facebook. Open:
11:30 - 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m., only open on Saturday only
in the evening.
Bastion from Schönborn with the Kasteler beach on the
banks of the Rhine and a view of Mainz - the use of the deck chairs is
free, goods brought with them must not be consumed. The rafting room is
located on the 1st floor (visiting free).
Weinhaus Sinz,
Herrnbergstr. 17 - 19, W. -Frauenstein.
Nuremberg Hof (in the
Frauenstein district). Offers German cuisine and a look over the Rhine
Valley with Mainz.
Arche Noah, Hafenstraße. Tel.: +49 611 21754.
Floating restaurant in the port of Schierstein with terrace. From home
-style cuisine to Mediterranean dishes. Open: April to September 11:00
a.m. - 23:00; October to March Tue - Sun 11:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m., Mon
day of rest; Warm kitchen continuously until 9:00 p.m. Price: main
dishes from € 8.
Ristorante Torrese, Söhnleinstraße 1. Tel.: +49611
98875842, email: nellucciano@gmail.com Facebook. Italian restaurant with
outdoor catering on Freudenbergstrasse in the Schierstein district.
Sophisticated
The Benner's bistronomy restaurant, formerly Käfers
Bistro, is located in the Kurhaus. Very nice interior, be sure to have a
look, but do not sit down. After several changes of ownership, the
prices rose to astronomical. Price for the Sunday brunch: 25 €.
Restaurant duck (opposite the Kurhaus). The highest -decorated
restaurant in Wiesbaden.
Cafés
Café Maldaner (sweet tradition
since 1859), Marktstraße 34. Tel.: +49611 305214, email:
info@maldaner1859.de facebookyoutube. 1. Original Viennese coffee house
in Germany. Traditional cafe with historical furniture and in -house
pastry shop. Open: Mon-Sat 9: 00-17: 30 p.m., Sun+Holidays 9:30 a.m. to
5 p.m.
Cafe Blum, Wilhelmstrasse. With the best cakes Wiesbaden.
Eiscafé am Rhein, Rheingaustraße 152. Highly recommended ice cream
parlor in a prime location directly on the Biebricher Rheinufer. Long
waiting times can be expected on beautiful days, but it's worth it.
7
Confiserie Kunder, Wilhelmstraße 12, 65185 Wiesbaden. In addition to the
famous pineapple tarts, further sweet delicacies made are offered. Open:
Mon - Fri 9 a.m. - 6:30 p.m., Sat 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Price: pineapple
tart (55 g, through the approx. 5 cm): 3.60 €
The pub district of Wiesbaden extends along the streets Goldgasse,
Wagemannstraße and Grabengasse.
Cheap
Kulturpark Schlachthof -
was closed and demolished in 2010. A new building was completed in 2012.
Regional and national bands appear in this building and in the park that
is located. In August there is the music festival "Folklore".
International bands also appear at this festival
Middle
Park
Café Wiesbaden
The city of Wiesbaden is a state -recognized spa and therefore raises
a spa contribution. Guests who are privately in Wiesbaden pay from the
fourth night from the first overnight accommodation EUR 3.00 a day. You
will receive a spa card that offers numerous discounts. All information
about the spa contribution can be found on www.wiesbaden.de
Group
accommodation
The youth hostel has more outdated standard
Cheap
City Hotel Wiesbaden, Wellritzsrasse 6, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.:
(0) 611 9277695-0. 3 stars. Feature: ★★★. Price: from € 48.
Hotel am
Landeshaus, Moritzstraße 51, 65185 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 996660.
Price: from € 39.
Ring Hotel, Bleichstraße 29, 65183 Wiesbaden.
2-stars. Feature: ★★. Price: from € 45.
2 Hotel & Café at Biebrich
Castle, Rheingaustraße 148, 65203 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 60000. Price:
EZ from € 41, DZ from € 56.
Middle
3 Motel One,
Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring 81, 65185 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 4502080, email:
wiesbaden@motel-one.com. Price: EZ from € 59 / DZ from € 69.
Select
Hotel Wiesbaden City, wreath place. Price: EZ from € 59 / DZ from € 69.
4 The small hotel, Feldstraße 6, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.: +49 (0)
611952700, Fax: +49 (0) 611 9527042, email: contact@smallhotel.de. Only
a few parking spaces in the courtyard. The lobby is very stylish. The
distance to the Neroberg and the city center can be mastered on foot
(approx. 0.5 to 1.5 km): reception until 8:00 p.m. Price: EZ 75,- €, DZ
105,- €.
Pentahotel Wiesbaden, Abraham-Linoln-Straße 17, 65189
Wiesbaden. Feature: ★★★★. Price: from € 62.
5 Hotel de France,
Taunusstraße 49, 65183 Wiesbaden. Feature: ★★★★. Price: from € 59.
Achate, Mauritiusstraße 7, 65183 Wiesbaden. Constant light of light via
bathroom window and full-glazed sanitary area, parking in the connected
parking garage for 6, 10 or 15 euros a day, access to the parking garage
only over 1 heavily frequented elevator, good WiFi.
Hotel Alexander,
Rheinstraße 72 65185 Wiesbaden. Feature: ★★★. Price: from € 55.
Hotel
Luisenhof, Bahnhofstrasse 7, 65185 Wiesbaden. Feature: ★★★. Price: from
€ 58.
6 Hotel Klemm, Kapellenstraße 9, 65193 Wiesbaden. Tel.: +49 (0)
611 5820. Feature: ★★★
Sophisticated
7 Hotel Nassauer Hof,
Kaiser-Friedrich-Platz 3-4, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 1330. On
Kaiser-Friedrich-Platz with in-house thermal bath. Feature: ★★★★★.
Price: room prices between € 178 and € 2700.
8 Radisson Blu Black
Bock Hotel, Wiesbaden, Kranzplatz 12, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611
1550. With in -house thermal bath and wellness landscape. Feature: ★★★★.
Price: rooms from 115 € upwards.
9 Mercure Wiesbaden City,
Bahnhofstrasse 10-12. Feature: ★★★★.
10 Dorint Pallas Wiesbaden,
Auguste-Viktoria-Straße 15, 65185 Wiesbaden. Tel.: +49 611 33060, fax:
+49 611 33061000, email: info.wiesbaden@dorint.com. The former officers'
hotel, built in 1954, offers 297 rooms including 30 suites and housed
numerous celebrities in its lively history. Feature: ★★★★★. Price: from
€ 99 per room/night.
11 Hotel "Klee am Park" Wiesbaden, Parkstraße 4,
65189 Wiesbaden. Tel.: +49 (0) 611 90010, Fax: +49 (0) 611 9001310.
Feature: ★★★. Price: EZ from € 113.
Wiesbaden has various options to continue to form. On the one hand,
there is the former University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden, which is
now called Rheinmain. The private university of economy and law EBS
comes to the offer of the university of applied sciences. A university
that has recently reported some problems.
As in other major
cities in Germany, there is a adult education center, it offers an offer
in the areas of culture, society, profession, languages, health and much
more. There is also a vocational school center and a school according to
the Waldorf concept in the southern district of Biebrich.
Wiesbaden is a service provider city, which means that there are many offices in different industry areas. The state administration with 12 ministries and various offices is primarily available. Furthermore, the Federal Criminal Police Office and the Federal Statistical Office are located in Wiesbaden.
The Federal Criminal Police Office is at home in Wiesbaden. At the sessions of the state parliament, the spell mile is heavily guarded. Dozens of police vehicles are available. Politary conscientiously pay attention to false parkers, but it is not towed.
Wiesbaden is a health location and has been for thousands of years.
His still 15 mineral sources are used for treatments in the area of
musculoskeletal system and internal medicine. There are public and
private thermal baths, e.g. B. the Kaiser-Friedrich-Therme (sauna
landscape), the Aukammtalbad (thermal bath with a large outdoor pool and
sauna), the bath hotel black goat in which you can also use the bathroom
without being a hotel guest.
Clinics
1
Dr.-Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, 65199 Wiesbaden.
Tel.: (0) 611 430. The Horst-Schmidt clinics are the fifth largest
hospital in Hesse and the greatest Wiesbaden. The once good reputation
has to take a bitter blow after a report on the RTL program "Team
Wallraff", everyone has to know whether they want to be treated there.
2 St. Josefs Hospital, Solmsstraße 15, 65189 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611
1770. Catholic sponsorship with a long tradition.
3 German Clinic for
Diagnostics, Aukamallee 33, 65191 Wiesbaden. Tel.: (0) 611 5770. This
clinic specializes in the diagnosis of rare and complicated diseases. It
is therefore a research clinic based on the model of similar facilities
in the United States.
Tourist information Wiesbaden, Marktplatz 1, 65183 Wiesbaden. Tel.:
+49 (0) 611 1729930.
Better ask a Wiesbadener about the Derne
site and after the in-Location Lumen, and orientate yourself towards
Wilhelmstrasse.
RMV mobility center Wiesbaden Marktstraße 10,
65183 Wiesbaden, open Mon. - Sat.: 8.00 a.m. - 7 p.m.
Tel.: (06
11) 450 22 450, Fax: (06 11) 450 22-870, email:
mobilitaetszentrale@eswe-verkehr.de, www.eswe-verkehr.de
The main
post is opposite the main train station. A branch is located on the
Mauritiusplatz, opposite Karstadt. Calculate long waiting times.
In Roman times there was a settlement in today's inner city that is mentioned for the first time under the name Aquae Mattiacorum (Latin the water of the Mattiakers, hence the inscription on the Wiesbaden Kurhaus "Aquis Mattiacis", consecrated to the waters of the Mattiakers). The name refers to the Chatic Chatic tribe of Mattiaker. Aquae Mattiacorum was the main town of the Civitas Mattiacorum. Einhard, the biographer of Charles of the Great, mentioned the earliest tradition of the name Wiesbaden around 828/830 Wisibada.
The story of Wiesbaden begins in antiquity. The hot springs of
the city were already known to the Romans, near which they built a
fortification around 6 to 15 AD. The sources were described for the
first time around 77 AD in the Naturalis Historia of Pliny. There
was a Roman settlement called Aquae Mattiacorum. The settlement was
the main town of the Roman administrative district of Civitas
Mattiacorum in the province of Germania Superior.
In 828/830,
Einhard, the biographer of Charles of the Great, mentioned the name
Wisibada ("Healing Bad") for the first time. At that time there was
a main town of the Königsondergau.
Around 1170 Nassau Counts
acquired Reichschafts in and around today's Wiesbaden city area. In
1296, King Adolf von Nassau donated the Klarenthal Monastery. The
city belonged to the Nassau-Wiesbaden-IDstein line until the early
modern period.
With the appointment of Wolf Denthener as the
Evangelical Lutheran pastor, the Reformation was introduced in
Wiesbaden in 1543.
From 1609 to 1610 the old town hall was
built, the oldest building in Wiesbaden still existing today. In
1744 the Biebrich Castle became the main residence of the House of
Nassau, in 1806 Wiesbaden became the seat of government and capital
of the Duchy of Nassau. In the following decades, Wiesbaden
experienced an unexpected urban development (historical pentagon,
old Kurhaus, city palace) as a ducal residence.
After the
German War between Prussia and Austria, Nassau was annexed by
Prussia in 1866. The Duchy was formed in 1867 the Wiesbaden district
and Wiesbaden was the seat of the Mainkreis, later after its
division seat of the district of Wiesbaden, it remained an
independent city. Although Wiesbaden had lost the status as a
residence city, the city was expanded as a spa, congress city and
administrative seat and experienced a large upswing. The "Nice of
the North" was regularly visited by Kaiser Wilhelm II to the summer
freshness and soon referred to as the "imperial city". In the wake
of the Imperial Court state, numerous noble, artists and wealthy
entrepreneurs came into the city and settled there. Many
representative buildings were created, including the Kurhaus
Wiesbaden with its casino and the Hessian State Theater on
Wilhelmstrasse.
Due to the strong population growth by the
beginning of the 20th century, extensive city extensions were
necessary for over 100,000 inhabitants. Numerous new urban areas
with representative buildings were created in the style of
classicism, historicism and Art Nouveau. During this time Wiesbaden
became the city with the most millionaires in Germany through
millionaire families and large companies that settled.
At the
end of the First World War, Wiesbaden's time ended as a popular spa
town. In 1918 it was occupied by the French army, and in 1921 the
Wiesbaden agreement was concluded about the German reparation
payments to France. During this time Wiesbaden became a godfather
for the reconstruction of Eydtkuhnen (East Prussia). In 1925
Wiesbaden became headquarters of the British Rhein Army and remained
until the departure of the occupying powers from the Rhineland in
1930.
Several departments of the Nazi regime have been
located in the city since 1933, including the general command of the
XII in October 1936. Army corps. The Lebensborn organization
maintained the Taunus children's home from 1939 to 1945. In the
Reichspogromnacht, on the morning of November 10, 1938, the large
synagogue on Michelsberg, built by Philipp Hoffmann in 1869, was
destroyed by Philipp Hoffmann.
During the “Third Reich”, a
total of around 1200 Wiesbaden Jews were deported and murdered. Some
houses in the city center were used as so -called “Jewish houses” in
which Jews were forced to convey before they were transported to the
site of the then slaughterhouse. This, in the immediate vicinity of
the Wiesbaden Central Station, was the last stop before the
deportation.
Wiesbadener Ludwig August Theodor Beck was
involved in the attack on Hitler on July 20, 1944 and paid this with
his life. In honor of it, the city gives the Ludwig Beck Prize for
civil courage every year. Martin Niemöller, resistance fighter, co
-founder of the pastor's notation and honorary citizen of Wiesbaden,
held the last sermon in the market church before his arrest.
In the Second World War, Wiesbaden initially experienced a number of
lighter allied bombing. The heaviest bomb attack on the night of
February 2 to February 3, 1945 was flown by the Royal Air Force and,
due to the bad weather conditions, missed the planned target area
and thus the full effect. Nevertheless, 1000 people died and 28,000
became homeless. 550 buildings were destroyed and 450 more were
damaged.
On March 28, 1945, Wiesbaden was filled by troops of
the 3rd US Army without a fight. As a result, a large DP warehouse
was set up in Wiesbaden, in which 7,500 displaced persons were
temporarily housed, including about 4,000 Poles and Lithuanians,
Esten, Letten, Italians and Yugoslav. According to the DP Camp
directory of the Arolsen Archives, there was also a Jewish DP camp
between August 1946 and October 1947. After another source, this was
in the DP CAMP No. 712 in the Goltz barracks in Mainz-Kastel. "Many
of the approximately 400 Jewish DPS housed there were able to leave
the camp in the course of 1945 because they had been assigned a room
or apartment in Wiesbaden." Another accommodation for Jewish DPS was
in the former Jewish retirement home at Geisbergstrasse 24, which
existed from 1945 to February 1951.
In addition to the
locations mentioned above, there was another DP camp in the
Gersdorff barracks, according to the Arolsen Archives.
The
Mainz suburbs of Amöneburg, Kastel and Kostheim on the right bank of
the Rhine were assigned to the city district of Wiesbaden by
ordering the military government, which became a cause of today's
rivalry between Mainz and Wiesbaden.
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower founded the state of Groß-Hessen and Wiesbaden on October
12, 1945 was its capital on October 12, 1945 through the No. 1 of
the military government of Groß-Hessen. Even after the founding of
the State of Hesse on December 1, 1946, the day of the referendum on
the constitution of the state of Hesse remained, because no capital
is determined in the constitution.
From 1948, the US Air base
near Wiesbaden-Erben-Erbenheim was one of the eight pension
airports, which provided food from June 24, 1948 to May 12, 1949 via
an air bridge to West Berlin.
In December 1952, the Hessian
Minister of the Interior of the city of Wiesbaden awarded the term
"state capital".
In 1957 the Rhein-Main-Hallen were opened as
a trade fair center and in the 1960s, the first high-rise houses on
the Gräselberg, in Klarenthal and on the Schelmengraben were built.
After the ZDF in 1961 decided on Mainz as the headquarters, but was
still missing rooms, Wiesbaden became a provisional administrative
headquarters of the new television station.
Due to the
decline of bourgeoisie in the post -war decades, Wiesbaden lost its
sophisticated flair and today hardly differs socially from other
cities.
Wiesbaden with its southern parts of the Rhine is located on the
right bank of the Rhine opposite the Rhineland-Palatinate capital Mainz
at a point where the Rhine changes its main direction from south to the
west. In the north of the city, the low mountain range Taunus extends
with its main ridge, which runs northeastern direction and the upstream
surveys Neroberg and Geisberg. The city center, five kilometers from the
Rhine, is located in a wide valley murder between the Taunus heights in
the north, the Bierstadter Höhe and the Hainerberg in the east, the
Mosbacher Berg in the south and Schiersteiner Berg in the west, a tunus
runner from Kohlheck. Only a narrow depression on the eastern flank of
the Mosbacher Berg opens towards the Rhine, in which the track systems
of the main train station and Mainzer Straße are located. Through this
sink, the Salzbach, together with the Wellritzbach, Kesselbach, the
Schwarzbach, the Dambach and the Rambach, drain the valley of the city
center and thus, as the name already states, the outflow of the many
thermal and mineral sources of the source district. Apart from Mainzer
Straße in the Salzbach valley, all paths from the city center to the
east, south and west lead significantly uphill. To the north, all paths
lead over the Taunushaft ridge in kilometers. The highest point in the
urban area is 608 m above sea level. NN high on the southeastern slope
of the high root on the Rheinhöhenweg, the highest summit in the urban
area is the 539 m above sea level. Nn high rattles. The lowest point is
the port entrance from Schierstein with 83 m above sea level. Nn. The
city center (Schlossplatz) is at 115 m above sea level. Nn.
The
urban area has a size of 204 square kilometers, measures 17.6 kilometers
from north to south and from west to east 19.7 kilometers. The Rhine
forms 10.3 kilometers from the 79 -kilometer long city limit. In the
north it is surrounded by extensive forest areas (27.7 % of the urban
area), in the west and on the Main of vineyards and in the east of
agricultural areas (29.8 %). The rest of the city is no longer available
on settlement areas (21.2 %), traffic areas (11.1 %) and recreation
areas (6.1 %).
A geological peculiarity of Wiesbaden is the digestion of thermal and
mineral water, which comes to light from large depths in the source area
in several places. There is also a high groundwater level in the city
center, which has repeatedly made construction work more difficult. In
particular, the construction of underground garages such as under the
Dern’s area and under the bowling green had to be secured against
groundwater.
In November 2009, a geothermal trial bore on the
parking lot in Friedrich-Ebert-Allee, which was located next to the
Hessian Ministry of Finance, had drilled a groundwater floor (Arteser)
at a depth of 130 meters. It came up to 8000 liters of water per minute
and put the surroundings under water. Attempts to close the borehole
with concrete initially failed. The actual borehole could finally be
closed, but the water found other ways to the surface several times
before the closure finally succeeded at a greater depth. Further damage
has failed to do so far.
In addition, there is the black stone
chew in the Naurod district, a crater of an expired volcano, which was
later used as a quarry.
Its location in the mountain trough on the south foot of the Taunus, protected by the height in the north and west, gives Wiesbaden a mild climate: the middle annual temperature is 9.8 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall per square meter, and the average sunshine duration of the year is at 1565 hours. Wiesbaden is one of the warmest German cities. Due to the location in a valley, the air exchange in the city center is limited.
The Rhein-Taunus nature park begins on the northern outskirts of
Wiesbaden. This includes the approximately 5,800 ha -comprehensive
forests close to the city and forest areas. The nature park is home to
the largest autochthonous occurrence of the European wild cat and the
asculap sneak in Hesse. Furthermore, the forest offers one of the best
livelihoods for the deer beetle and is therefore a Natura 2000
protection area. In addition, an estimated 7000 animal species, mostly
insects, in the forest or the forest areas live. The forest itself
consists mainly of beeches (approx. 55 %), oak (approx. 25 %), spruce
(13 %) and pine (7 %). It is managed by the four urban territories
according to the principles of sustainable forestry of the Forest
Stewardship Council.
Other Natura 2000 areas are located on the
Rhine. The river is a protected area for long -distance fish such as
river nine -eye and salmon. The Rhine Islands form a resting and
wintering area for water-bound birds such as black and red kite,
pilgrimage and diving ducks, seagulls, gray geese, gray heron, storks
and cormorants. The majority of the undeveloped area of the city belongs
to the landscape protection area city of Wiesbaden. The list of nature
reserves in Wiesbaden has seven entries, plus the FFH areas Buchenwälder
north of Wiesbaden, Goldsteintal, Rabengrund, Rettbergsaue and Theißtal.
Within the city there are often extensive green areas in the form of
parks. These are inhabited by a variety of animal species such as
pigeons, Nile geese, squirrels and rabbits. Collection parasites and
Alexandersittiche have settled in the area of the Biebricher
Schlosspark. There are a total of over 40,000 trees in the city. In the
agricultural area, the orchards protected in particular form protected
biotopes with a high biodiversity.
There are several information
centers on the subject area "Fauna and Flora in Wiesbaden". The
pheasantry houses approximately 50 different domestic animal and
numerous plant species. Over 250 plants grow in the pharmacy garden at
the Aukamm, which are used in drug production. The "snake path" in the
Sommerberg nature reserve near Frauenstein provides information about
the estula patter- between Frauenstein and Schierstein there is also the
"Wiesbaden wine and nature trail"- and there is a forest apprenticeship
on the Neroberg.
On the approximately 100 hectares of fenced
grassland area with wetlands of the Schierstein waterworks in the
Rheinauen, on which the white stork was located until 1945, there have
been re -resetting attempts since 1972, which led to the first breeding
success in 1975. After a steady increase in the population, between 22
and 24 breeding pairs were counted between 2005 and 2014. Around 20 old
birds also find a sufficient livelihood here in the cold season and
hibernate in Schierstein. The stork nests on the arms of the high
-voltage masts in the waterworks site are particularly spectacular
because a high -voltage line crosses the river here.
The image of the city center of Wiesbaden is significantly shaped by
four factors:
The majority of the buildings in the city center were
created in a period of only about 60 years (approximately between 1850
and the beginning of the First World War in 1914).
During this time,
Wiesbaden attracted numerous guests who were taking into account the
imperial court, who took into account their wish for representation in
the city.
During the Second World War, the Wiesbaden city center was
far less destroyed than that of other cities, although many striking
buildings were significantly damaged. The degree of destruction was
around 30 percent, the most important buildings and streets that form
the cityscape were preserved.
Far less than in other German cities in
the 1950s and 1960s, the Charter of Athens with their new principles of
urban planning such as B. Separation of living and work implemented. As
a result, the Wiesbaden inner city area was largely spared from newly
drawn thoroughfare and area renovations. Ernst May's "The New Wiesbaden"
planning already developed for this was never implemented.
These
four factors meant that the Wiesbaden city center today offers a very
uniform appearance, the buildings of which almost all of which are to be
attributed to classicism, historicism and Art Nouveau (see also spa
architecture). At the end of the 19th century, spacious residential
areas were created with elaborate facades and avenues (such as the
Rheingauviertel and the Feldherrenviertel, the Deferviertel and the area
around Wiesbadener Ringstrasse). Due to their reputation as a world
virus town, many representative public buildings such as the Kurhaus
(1907), the Hessian State Theater (1894), the Marktkirche (1853 to 1862)
and the Ringkirche (1894), as well as extensive parks such as the
Kurpark, which Kurpark Warm dam, the Reisinger facilities and bowling
green. In the post -war period, this architecture was only slightly
valued and in politics it was discussed to replace large parts of the
old development with new buildings. In the 1970s, this attitude changed
towards the historicist monuments and the era was recognized art
-historically, so Wiesbaden is therefore considered a prime example of
historicism. Gottfried Kiesow, the then chairman of the German
Foundation for Monument Protection, therefore suggested an application
to Wiesbaden in 2005 as the "City of Historism" for the status of a
UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2012, Wiesbaden finally applied for the
UNESCO World Heritage title as a "world virgin town". After the failure
of this application, the non -profit support association German Research
Center Historism, Wiesbaden has been trying to become a nationwide
center of scientific research in historicism since 2018.
The
cityscape can be divided into several areas: the closed development is
largely spreading on the bottom of the valley murder on the southern
foot of the Taunus slopes. It can be divided as follows:
The old
center of the city can be found in the area of the historic pentagon.
The irregular floor plan of the streets can still be seen here. The
focus here is on the Schlossplatz (see sights) and the Mauritiusplatz.
(Mauritius has been a patron saint in the middle of the city since the
Middle Ages, until it burned down to the foundations in 1855 and left
the empty Mauritiusplatz.) The narrow Bergkirchenviertel in the
northwest of the historical pentagon is on a hill. From 1969 to 1974 the
Wiesbaden pedestrian zone was created on the previous main traffic axes
of the old town: Langgasse and Kirchgasse in the north-south direction
and Michelsberg-Marktstraße-Schlossplatz with Ellenbogengasse in the
West-Ost direction. The first section was created on Faulbrunnenstrasse,
with the completion on September 14, 1974 the "Schloßplatzfest"
celebrated for the first time. Later extensions included the Goldgasse,
the ship behind the state parliament, which is formed from
Wagemannstrasse and Grabenstrasse, as well as Neugasse, Schulgasse and
Mauergasse.
The area around the historic pentagon was planned by city
architect Christian Zais. In addition to the Westend and the southern
city center, this also affects the spa district in the northeast.
Outstanding urban planning elements are here next to the ensemble around
the bowling Green, Wilhelmstraße, Rheinstraße, Adolf Sallee and
Luisenplatz.
The ring road and areas outside of these are mainly
created as curved streets as avenues and show the handwriting of the
city architect Felix Genzmer. Here are examples of magnificent town
houses of historicism (see also Rheingauviertel, Feldherrenviertel,
Dichterviertel, and Ringstraße). Sedanplatz, Blucherplatz with the
Blucher School, Gutenbergplatz with the Gutenberg School as well as the
Ring Church, the Lutherkirche and the Trinity Church should be
emphasized here.
Outside of this closed development, extensive villa
areas are connected to the slopes of the valley murder, which were also
created in the late 19th century. This affects the Nerotal and its
surroundings, the Philippsberg north of Emser Straße, the Sonnenberg
district and the so-called villa area east, east of Wilhelmstrasse and
Friedrich-Ebert-Allee. There is also a former air -raid shelter.
Further away from the city center, the image of the old buildings is
more and more displaced by houses of the post -war period that were
created as part of the city expansion.
Modern administration
buildings have been built in the southeast of the city center (around
Gustav-Stresemann-Ring and Berliner Straße) since the 1950s, such as the
Zircon Tower (1973) the second highest building in the city. It is
noteworthy that there are almost no industrial or extensive industrial
areas in the core city of Wiesbaden. An exception is only the area
around Mainzer Straße, which is one of the few industrial areas near
Wiesbaden's city center with the "Mainz 75" skyscraper "Mainz 75",
various car dealerships, former factories and restaurants of fast food
chains. The development of this area was subject to profound change in
the last decades of the 20th century by abandoning operations, the
demolition and subsequent new development by other users. The buildings
of the disposal companies, for example, were demolished, which have
moved into a new building complex at the Dyckerhoff Steerbruch, and the
buildings of the former horticultural center (a judicial center from
district and district court was opened here in 2010). The Schlachthof
site was also almost completely razed to the ground after the
slaughterhouse was closed at the end of 1990 and the last companies in
the large meat market were relocated in 1994. There are only two
buildings next to the congress parking lot for the Rhein-Main-Hallen,
which are used as a cultural center.
Outside the city center,
formerly independent cities and municipalities are found, some of which
have grown with the core city (Dotzheim, Schierstein, Biebrich,
Bierstadt, Sonnenberg and Rambach). The districts of Mainz-Kastel and
Mainz-Kostheim have small town-like character. The suburbs in the east
(Naurod, Auringen, Breckenheim, Medenbach, Kloppenheim, Heßloch,
Igstadt, Nordenstadt, Erbenheim and Delkenheim) have a village
character. Frauenstein is the only suburb of Dotzheim in the west.
As a result of the construction activity after the Second World War,
not only the development of the core city and the districts has been
expanded, but some construction areas have also been created in a
spatial separation from the existing town centers. This includes, for
example, the settlements of the US Army stationed in Wiesbaden
(Hainerberg settlement in the southeast of the core city as well as
Crestview in the west and aukamm in the northwest of Bierstadt). The
city planner Ernst May was commissioned to build new settlements from
the 1960s, of which the Trabant settlement of Klarenthal, which was
created from 1964, was even set up its own local district and which
takes up the rank of a district. Other such people located and in the
official city map are residential areas: home in the west and Heidestock
in the east of Sonnenberg, on the spruces and Wolfsfeld north of
Bierstadt, the Erbsenacker south of Naurod, on Red Berg near Auringen,
Hochfeld near Erbenheim, Gräselberg in the southwest and parking field
as well as self -help and Rosenfeld in the west of Biebrich. Dotzheim
includes the Talheim and Sauerland districts in the southeast,
Freudenberg in the south, fairytale and Schelmengraben in the west and
Kohlheck in the north. Last but not least, the development at the
Erbenheim airfield next to the Mechtildshausen domain was created in the
open field between Erbenheim and Delkenheim.
The main industrial
areas are located in the southern districts on the Rhine, such as in the
former Rhine bank and harbor towns of Schierstein and Biebrich as well
as the ACC suburbs. Commercial areas on the Äppelallee between
Schierstein and Biebrich, on the Lower Zwerchweg near the
Dyckerhoffbruch landfill and on Petersweg in Mainz-Kastel, have been
created. Some industrial areas have also developed in the eastern
districts of Erbenheim, Nordenstadt and Delkenheim because of the
proximity to the Bundesautobahn 66.
According to the 2011 census, 28.3% of the residents were Protestant, 22.9% Roman Catholic and 48.8% were non-denominational, belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. At the end of 2022, of Wiesbaden's 296,127 residents, 19.1% (56,483) were Protestant, 17.6% (52,155) Catholic and 63.3% (187,489) had other or no religious affiliation, including around 13.4% (39,810) Muslims. The number of Catholics and especially Protestants fell during the observed period, while the proportion of non-religious people increased.
The area of today's city of Wiesbaden originally belonged to the
diocese of Mainz. In 1543 the Reformation was introduced by the then
Nassau ruling family. The Lutheran faith was predominant, but there were
also Reformed congregation members since the 18th century. In 1817, the
union between Lutheran and Reformed congregations in the Duchy of Nassau
was carried out, creating the Evangelical Regional Church in Nassau. In
1934 and 1945/46, the three regional churches in Nassau, Hesse and
Frankfurt merged to form the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau
(EKHN). Within the EKHN, the 44 Protestant communities with around
78,000 community members form the Wiesbaden deanery. The deanery belongs
to the Rhine-Main provost, Provost Oliver Albrecht has his official
residence in Wiesbaden.
In response to the Union in 1817,
Evangelical Lutheran (Old Lutheran) congregations emerged in Wiesbaden,
as well as in other places, that wanted to live their Lutheran faith in
worship and teaching. The Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church Community
in Wiesbaden today belongs to the Hessen-South church district of the
Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Since the 18th century,
there have been isolated Roman Catholic parishioners in Wiesbaden, who
were initially parishioners of the church in Frauenstein. Since 1791
they were able to celebrate public services again in Wiesbaden and in
1801 they received their own prayer house. Later they built their own
churches again. They belong to the Diocese of Limburg, which was newly
founded in 1827 for what was then the Duchy of Nassau. Within the
Diocese of Limburg, the parishes of the city of Wiesbaden (with the
exception of the parishes formerly belonging to the city of Mainz, which
belong to the Diocese of Mainz) belong to the Wiesbaden region of the
same name.
The history of the Jewish community in Wiesbaden goes back to Roman times. Until the 18th century, Jews from Wiesbaden were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Wehen. There had also been a Jewish cemetery in Wiesbaden since 1750. As the city grew, so did the number of Jewish residents. In 1869, the Jewish community was able to inaugurate a large new synagogue on Michelsberg, designed in the Moorish style by Philipp Hoffmann. In 1878 the Orthodox Old Israelite community was founded. She also built a synagogue on Friedrichstrasse; There were three other synagogues in the suburbs. On the night of the November pogroms in 1938, all synagogues were desecrated and damaged. The ruins on Michelsberg were completely demolished in 1939. Today the memorial for the murdered Jews of Wiesbaden commemorates them with memorial plaques and the floor plan of the Old Synagogue on the street. Of over 3,000 Jews before 1933, about half were able to escape and survive the Holocaust. Almost all of the others were expelled from the city or deported to the extermination camps. They are commemorated by 651 stumbling blocks in front of the houses where people lived or worked (see list of stumbling blocks in Wiesbaden). The Schlachthoframpe memorial and the Nordenstadt memorial commemorate the deportations. As early as December 1946, a new community was founded that was able to use the property of the ancient Israelite community. The Jewish community's new church is located in a heavily secured courtyard on Friedrichstrasse. Thanks to the growth from Eastern Europe, the community now has over 800 members. There are a total of seven Jewish cemeteries in the city; Only the Jewish cemetery on Platter Strasse is used today.
As of December 31, 2009, 78,007 (28%) Wiesbaden residents belonged to the Protestant Church and 65,495 (24%) to the Roman Catholic Church, while 29,370 (11%) Wiesbaden residents were Muslims, the remaining 37% belonged to other religions or no religion. In 1987, 9,795 Muslims (four percent) still lived in Wiesbaden. This makes Muslims the fastest growing religious community. The proportion of Catholics and Protestants has gradually declined in recent decades, from 84% in 1970, to 75%, 55% and 52% in 1987, 2005 and 2009, to 47.5% in 2014, a large Minority. At the same time, great religious diversity has developed, including within the Christian denominations: the Russian Orthodox and Greek Orthodox communities as well as the Syrian Orthodox communities have 10,700 potential members. The Suryoye alone (also known as Assyrians, Aramaeans or Chaldeans) have 7,450 members in Wiesbaden and the surrounding area. Of these, 7,000 Suryoye belong to the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, the remaining 450 are followers of the Assyrian Church of the East. The Wiesbaden Suryoye still speak New Eastern Aramaic to this day, and most Suryoye living in Wiesbaden use the Surayt dialect (also known as Turoyo). A small Suryoye minority in Wiesbaden, however, uses the New Eastern Aramaic Suret dialect. Of the Muslim communities, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat KdöR in particular is actively represented in Wiesbaden. It considers itself an Islamic reform community and has had a mosque with a dome and minaret in Wiesbaden since 2019. In Wiesbaden she is best known for her interreligious dialogue events and the “Charity Walk and Run” charity run.
City administration
The administrative structure of the state
capital Wiesbaden is based on the Hessian municipal code and the main
statutes of March 24, 1969, last changed on July 12, 2006. According to
this, the city council assembly, as the highest body of local
self-government, consists of 81 city councilors elected by the city's
citizens. The magistrate, as the executive body, takes care of the
day-to-day administration of the city and consists of thirteen honorary
and up to six full-time city councilors as well as the mayor as the
chairman and the mayor as his representative. The main statute regulates
the division of the city into 26 local districts and also the boundaries
of the five local districts formed in Wiesbaden-Alt as well as the size
of the local councils to be elected by the citizens. In addition, a
foreigners' advisory board with 31 members will be set up. In addition
to the city of Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden is also directly subject to
the Hessian Ministry of the Interior in terms of municipal supervision
in accordance with the Hessian municipal regulations, which is otherwise
carried out by the regional council.
For many centuries, the city
of Wiesbaden was headed by the mayor and the lay judges of the city
court. They were assisted by two mayors, who represented the actual
organ of self-government. Since the 15th century, the mayors often
appeared as actual city councilors, but were then replaced by the mayor.
In 1775, the city court was given the honorary title of city council by
Prince Karl Wilhelm of Nassau. However, this later became the state
police department.
A total of around 12,000 companies, from craft businesses to larger
corporations, have their headquarters in Wiesbaden. The Wiesbaden
Chamber of Commerce and Industry is responsible for companies in the
neighboring Rheingau-Taunus district and in the city of Hochheim am
Main. In 2016, Wiesbaden, within its city limits, generated a gross
domestic product of 17.144 billion euros, placing it 21st in the ranking
of German cities based on economic performance. The GDP per capita in
the same year was 61,913 euros per capita (Hesse: 43,496 euros, Germany
38,180 euros). The GDP per employed person is 93,022 euros. In
comparison with the purchasing power of Germany, Wiesbaden achieved an
index of 114 in 2012 (Germany: 100), which corresponds to a purchasing
power of approximately 23,400 euros per inhabitant, making it the tenth
wealthiest large city in Germany and the second wealthiest large city in
Hesse after Frankfurt (24,310 euros ), for comparison, Munich has the
highest value among major German cities at around 28,247 euros per
resident. Sonnenberg has the highest purchasing power among the
districts with around 32,300 euros per resident.
In 2015, the
state capital Wiesbaden ranked sixth among the wealthiest cities in
Germany with over 200,000 inhabitants. In 2018, the city had an
above-average purchasing power index of 110.3 percent of the national
average or around 25,961 euros per employed person, placing it in
seventh place of the 56 largest German cities. In the so-called “Future
Atlas” 2019, the independent city of Wiesbaden ranked 46th out of 402
districts and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the places
with “high future prospects”.
In 2016, around 184,300 people were
employed in the city. Of these, around 125,000 were employees subject to
social insurance contributions. Wiesbaden is a destination for
commuters. The surplus of commuters in 2011 was almost 28,000 employees.
Most commuters come from the Rheingau-Taunus district, Mainz and the
Mainz-Bingen district and therefore from the immediate surrounding area
of the city of Wiesbaden. The majority of the state capital's employees
are employed in the service sector, while only 16 percent are employed
in the manufacturing sector. Agriculture and forestry are almost
meaningless. The unemployment rate was 6.5 percent in December 2018,
which is above the Hesse average of 4.3 percent.
Wiesbaden is famous, among other things, for its many saline thermal
springs, which are used for a variety of treatments. They are primarily
used for rheumatic diseases and catarrh of the respiratory system. The
application is primarily through bathing treatments and exercise therapy
as well as through drinking treatments and swimming in thermal water.
There are still 14 hot springs in the city center with temperatures
between 46 and 66 degrees Celsius. With a yield of around 2 million
liters daily, Wiesbaden is the second most productive German spa (for
comparison: Aachen is in first place with 3.5 million liters daily).
Baths have been in operation in the city since Roman times and are still
in operation today Some sources are publicly accessible, such as the
Kochbrunnen (66 degrees Celsius), which is the most productive source
with almost 500,000 liters daily. The Roman-Irish
Kaiser-Friedrich-Therme with sauna area is supplied by the Adlerquelle
(64.4 degrees Celsius, 167 liters per minute), as is the Aukammtal
thermal bath. There are also private bathhouses, now usually hotels that
operate thermal baths (Schwarzer Bock, Nassauer Hof and Goldenes Ross,
the former Rose and Bären hotels). In addition to the Kochbrunnen, there
are a few other public drinking points such as the Bäckerbrunnen (49
degrees Celsius, 65 liters per minute) and Wiesbaden's 15th spring, the
Faulbrunnen (14 to 17 degrees Celsius, 27 liters per minute), which gets
its name from its sulfur compounds thanks to its typical smell, but is
not called a thermal bath because of its low temperature.
Visitors such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Richard
Wagner, Johannes Brahms and Alexej von Jawlensky stopped in Wiesbaden
because of the springs and the casino. Emil Minlos moved here from
Berlin due to health reasons.
After the First World War, when
Wiesbaden lost its reputation as a world spa city, the previously
predominant spa business was converted from an entertainment business to
a clinical spa treatment. In 1937, a new cooking fountain water outlet
was set up in the Kurhaus colonnade at Bowling Green. This was reopened
in 1952 after the destruction caused by the Second World War, but no
longer exists today.
With its mineral springs, Wiesbaden is a
member of the European Historic Thermal Towns Association (EHTTA), which
in turn is the sponsor of an international network called the European
Route of Historic Thermal Towns and has been certified as a cultural
route by the Council of Europe since 2010.
Today there are
numerous rehabilitation and specialist clinics. From general medical
hospitals to private cosmetic clinics, there are 18 in total. The best
known is certainly the German Clinic for Diagnostics. It opened on April
2, 1970 near the new spa district. This new spa district is grouped
around the city's spacious thermal bath with outdoor pools in the
Aukammtal, which is supplied with thermal water via a long-distance
pipeline from theQuellenviertel. There are large rehabilitation clinics
and numerous specialist and private clinics there. However, the largest
clinic has been closed for more than 10 years.
The large general
medical hospitals are Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden (HSK)
near the Dotzheimer Schelmengraben residential estate, the St. Josefs
Hospital in the east and the Asklepios Paulinen Clinic in the southwest
of the city center. The latter was founded in 1856 as the Nassau
Deaconess Motherhouse Paulinenstiftung at the suggestion of the Duchess
of Nassau, Pauline von Württemberg, and was converted into the
Paulinenstift Hospital in 1896.
Wiesbaden's wealth of thermal and mineral springs also meant a lack
of good drinking water within the walls of the medieval city. Their
springs only gave warm and salty water. Drinking water had to be brought
into the city from wells in the field area. The market fountain on
Schlossplatz was built in 1564/66 when a water pipe made of hollowed-out
tree trunks (so-called dike) was laid from one of the field fountains
into the city. However, the effort required to maintain the rot-prone
pipe exceeded the financial means of the citizens, so that the water
quality of this first fountain within the city walls usually left
something to be desired, if it did not dry up anyway. After the
devastation of the Thirty Years' War, it took decades until the market
fountain was flowing again. In 1753, the market fountain was rebuilt by
the citizens in the form we know today, although it still had a wooden
supply pipe that was 3,060 feet long (872.1 meters) and was therefore
prone to repairs.
In 1810, cast iron pipes from the Michelbacher
Hütte were finally laid. The city treasury had to pay off the costs for
this for 15 years. In 1821, the growing water needs of the growing city
were met with a pipe from Kisselborn to feed another nine fountains. The
line ran around six kilometers from the Kisselborn forest district,
which is located at a height of 420 meters directly below the Platte
hunting lodge, which was built a few years later, to the city center.
More wells were built and piped into the city, but this could not
satisfactorily meet the emerging city's water needs, especially in dry
years.
Finally, between 1875 and 1910, the water-bearing
quartzite veins of the Taunus ridge were drilled using four deep mining
tunnels with a total length of 11.5 kilometers (Münzbergstollen,
Schläferskopfstollen, Kreuzstollen and Kellerskopfstollen). As pressure
tunnels, they finally offered a crisis-proof water supply with the best
drinking water quality. Together they can deliver a maximum of 22,000
cubic meters per day.
At the same time, other sources of supply
were sought and found in the Rhine meadows near Schierstein. The
Schierstein waterworks has been built here in several expansion stages
since 1901. Groundwater is pumped there and, between 1924 and 2017,
surface water from the Rhine is fed into the groundwater using
absorption wells in order to then pump it again. Since 2016 it has been
connected to the waterworks on Petersaue by a pipe.
The third
pillar of the water supply has been a connection to the Hessisches Ried
since 1969 via a 55-kilometer long pipeline to the Jägersburger Wald
waterworks near Einhausen. Up to 20,000 cubic meters are delivered daily
from here.
Wiesbaden's water supply is now the responsibility of
Hessenwasser GmbH & Co. KG.