Location: 91 km North-east from Budapest,Map
Official site
Holloko Village is situated 91 km North-east from Budapest in Hungary. Holloko Village is famous for its Palóc ethnographic village as well as a medieval castle. Palóc is a cultural subgroup of Hungarians with their distinct dialect of Hungarian an a unique way of life. This settlement is protected by the government as an open air museum of the traditional village life of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its cultural and historic importance. The population of the Holloko (less than 500 people) work traditional customs including wood cutting, pottery, textile making and many others. The name of the village Holloko is translated as a "black raven" that is also featured on the symbol of a settlement. The main wooden church that stands in the middle of the village was constructed in 1889.
Holloko Castle was constructed in the 13th centuries following a Mongol invasion in the middle of the century. It was owned by Kacsics clan members of the Elijah branch. In 1327 Holloko Castle fell in the hands of King Philip Druget after a lengthily siege that lasted for years. The fortress was subsequently increased in size and defenses. A village below the citadel grew as well. Holloko Castle was abandoned in the early 18th century since it lost its strategic value.
History of the castle
The Hollókő castle was
built by the members of the Elijah branch of the Kacsics family on
the rock next to the village after the Tartar invasion (András
Kacsics probably raised the lower levels of the old tower before the
Tartar invasion). The fort was gradually expanded over the
centuries: wall gorges, bastions, dwellings and cisterns were built
to the walls originally in the 13th century. It is first mentioned
in a charter dated 1310 as Castrum Hollokew.
The Ducks were
forced to surrender to Máté Csák in the anarchic civil war that
broke out at the beginning of the 14th century, and they continued
to serve him with their weapons. After the battle of Rozgony, in
1313, King Charles of Anjou, who was slowly re-forming the country
into a unified state, donated it to his beloved believer, Tamás
Szécsényi, also of the Kacsics family, but he could not take over
the castle for a long time. successfully defended. First the troops
led by King Drugeth Philip besieged the fort unsuccessfully, and
then around 1320 the defenders managed to repel another siege. The
castle fell into the hands of the king only after the death of
Matthew Csák (1327); The first castle captain of Tamás Szécsényi was
Miklós Almágyi Balog. The charter introducing Tamás Szécsényi to the
possession of the castle describes the boundary line of the castle
estate in great detail. Tamás Szécsényi probably expanded the castle
for the first time, in the middle of the 14th century the
residential tower was surrounded by a wall, the lower two levels of
the palace to the west and north of the tower and the catchment were
built. Its descendants continued to expand the castle in the second
half of the 14th century: the two western gorges, the wall
surrounding the outer castle courtyard and the lower catchment were
built. At this time the gate was on the south wall of the castle
courtyard. At the end of the 14th century, the gate tower was built
on the southwest corner; then the former gate was walled up.
As a result of the family division in 1411, László Szécsényi (II.)
Received Hollókők. His son, Szécsényi (III.) László from King
Albert's widow to Ulászló in 1441. Afterwards, the former queen's
party believer, Giskra, broke into the area with her troops several
times. After the defeat of the Hussites near Szécsény, the two
parties concluded a ceasefire in 1441, and Giskra renewed it in 1442
in Hollókő, in the castle of Archbishop László Szécsényi, with
delegates from Hont and Nógrád counties. László Szécsényi probably
built the entrance gate leading to the gate and the northern strait
to strengthen the defense. In 1454, due to the military expenditures
of the chieftain, Hollókő - at that time four villages belonged to
the castle estate - was pledged to his two sons: Mihály Guthi
Országh and Albert Losonczy.
In 1455, the son of László
Szécsényi died without an heir, and his huge estate was inherited by
the Losonczi and Guthi-Ország families through his daughters; in
their possession the king also confirmed them. The new owners
remodeled the castle significantly, twice:
With the first
renovation (late 15th century), a small courtyard of the inner
castle was built, Gothic gate frames were placed on the lower level
of the palace and the cellar there was also vaulted. The stables and
warehouses were located in the outer castle.
With the second
transformation (early 16th century), the pentagonal tower was
enlarged by one, the palace by two floors, the partisan defensive
corridor of the wall surrounding the tower was built, and the
western outer walled girders were built. Based on the more spacious,
ornate new palace floors, it can be assumed that the lords of the
castle may have lived in Hollókő from time to time.
After the
Turks occupied the castle of Nógrád in 1544, Hollókő was
incorporated into the royal border fortress system by the Habsburg
army, where it played a secondary role as a small castle. The
garrison's job was to prevent Turkish cavalry troops marching into
robbery raids into the surrounding serf villages, but since there
were few, it was difficult to do so. It is worth mentioning the duel
of Captain György Kapitán from Hollókő and the Turkish commander of
Sanda, Hubiár aga, which was fought in 1550 on the Buják meadow.
The castles of Nógrád were occupied by Pasha Ali of Buda in his
1552 campaign. Due to the quarrel between the two castle commanders,
András Zsáki and Imre, the Hollókő garrison fled without resistance
to the approach of the huge army. According to a 1556 mercenary
list, Mohamed aga was stationed in the castle with twenty-one
mercenaries (18 infantry, 3 gunners). The Turkish castle guard in
1558-59 had 24 members.
In the autumn of 1593, after the recapture of
Fülek, the royal armies, as a result of the negotiations of the
chief captain of Eger, Bálint Prépostvári, were also taken back
without a cannon shot. It was still one of the most insignificant
frontier castles, and in 1596 a study declared it to be in a very
bad condition, so the Parliament of 1608 ordered its confirmation.
Based on the excavation, it can be stated that they were satisfied
with smaller constructions: at the end of the 16th century the outer
castle courtyard was filled and two rooms were erected, at the
beginning of the 17th century this was followed by another filling
and construction of two more rooms. According to data from 1652 and
1655, a guard of 20 people was stationed in the castle.
The
small border fortress, which had already lost its military
significance, was again owned by the Turks from 1663 for twenty
years, after the castle was handed over by commanders Mátyás Berki
and Orbán Nagy. Then traveler Evlija Cselebi visited here and
described that he had placed a Turkish food and war station in
Hollókő.
It was finally liberated from the rule of the
"Gentiles" by the troops of the Polish King John Sobieski, who was
on his way home from the liberation of the city of Vienna in October
1683, when Szécsény was also. In 1701, Lipót I, together with
several other castles, ordered the demolition of Hollókő, but this
had not yet been done. At the beginning of the 18th century, György
Szabó, Mátyás Gondor, Orbán Nagy and Lőrinc Krikk were entrusted
with the preservation of the empty building. In 1710, the nobles of
the Labó party in Nógrád held the county assembly in Hollókő.
In 1711, in view of the peace of the country and the difficult
financial situation of the country [m 1], the entrances, bridges and
sections of the outer castle courtyard were demolished, so that the
castle avoided complete demolition. It was already mentioned as a
ruin in 1718, and in the following centuries the weather — and the
people that demolished the stones — did wear its walls heavily. The
estate fell into the hands of the Forgáchok at the beginning of the
18th century, and in 1860 it was bought by the Pulszky family. Among
its debris lived for a time the poor of the area.
Although
some of its walls have been used as building materials for the past
two hundred years, Hollókő is still the best castle in the county,
reflecting the signs of medieval construction. Archaeologists
excavated it between 1966 and 1969 and began restoring it in 1970.
The area around the castle and the village was declared a landscape
protection area in 1977. From 1996, they also welcome visitors.
Renovation
Renovations in the castle began in the summer of
2014 - no visits were possible until 3 April 2015 [1] - and the
handover took place on 7 May 2015. As a result of nearly a year of
renovation, the old tower opened, which has been closed since the
castle opened in 1996; the castle captain's quarters and dining room
in the upper castle were restored; two outbuildings in the lower
castle have been renovated, where visitors can now also watch a 3D
animated film showing the history of the castle’s construction; a
kitchen, a blacksmith's workshop and a weapons factory have been set
up. [2] [3] [4]
The castle is the site of the third phase of
the National Castle Program. Its renovation is planned from
2017/2018.
Design of the castle
The castle, located on a
rock about 400 meters high, was built in an irregular shape due to
its natural endowments. From the air, the castle is like a snail's
house centered on the pentagonal old tower. Here, four residential
levels were protected. Later, around 1270, a palace wing was
attached to it. Later, the demand for comfort, power, and
opportunities to show wealth increased, so there was a need to
design a knight’s hall. A chapel was erected right next to it. In
the 15th century, the castle was expanded with new parts: a system
fortified with a wolf stack and a drawbridge protected the upper
castle, which finally could not resist the Turks in 1552.
Parts
The largest size of the castle with an irregular floor plan
is 68 meters in the north-south direction and 51 meters in the
east-west direction. The level difference between the entrance gate
and the tower entrance is 27.5 m. Entering the medieval entrance of
the castle, the increasingly narrow, multi-broken, entrance wall
gorge starts, leading to the drawbridge, a rectangular, outer gate
tower. Access to the outer castle courtyard was hampered by several
successive gates, including wolf piles. The cistern outer courtyard
could only be accessed from the lowered drawbridge. In the outer
castle courtyard there is a 4 meter diameter cave carved into the
rock. According to the related legend, Máté Csák (here) would have
hidden his treasures, and later the Turks also collected the gold
stolen in the area. However, many treasure hunters left without
result.
Two wall gorges start from the outer castle
courtyard in the direction of the inner castle gate. One is located
directly next to the gate leading out of the ramp, the other
entrance at the southeast corner of the inner castle, only one
coffee plane remains. This entrance leads to an inner wall gorge,
through which the inner castle courtyard can be approached. In the
16th century, this driveway was no longer in use. Pedestrian traffic
was transferred to the staggered southwestern outer wall gorge
below. Here it ended with a triangular watchtower. The four gates
divided into several sections on the terraced outer wall gorge made
it possible to get to the inner castle gate. Stepping down the gate
of the inner castle, we enter a foyer from which three rooms can be
approached. The left door opened into the basement, the right Gothic
entrance led to the southwest wing of the palace. The rock-staircase
in the foyer leads to the inner courtyard.
The inner
courtyard was narrowed down in the 16th century, and the palace was
raised by two more levels. The inner castle rests in some places on
the two-meter-wide walls of the north and west wings of the palace
with an “L” floor plan. They could also approach the ground floor
room of the tower from the narrowed inner courtyard, and from here
they could reach the upper floors by internal stairs. The mass of
the tower, completed with four-storey and porthole partitions,
stands out from the other structures of the castle.
Entering
the courtyard, passing through a room, we reach the palace wing
above the cellar. This was the knight's hall. To the right of the
courtyard is the west wing of the palace. In the corner of this is
the cistern of the inner castle. Climbing up the stairs from the
courtyard, we reach the pedestrian walkway. Going around a long
flight of stairs, you reach the front door of the tower. The cover
of the tower has not been completed yet, so it is closed.
Life has been going on in the castle since 2003. Members of the
Order of St. Ladislaus are waiting for tourists in age-appropriate
clothes. You can try the weapons used in the Middle Ages. They can
also learn how to use the bow, crossbow, bow thrower, and spear.
Kossuth Lajos utca 82.
The village complex of Hollókő, also known as the
protected part of the village, was added to the UNESCO World
Heritage List in 1987. The old village part of the village reflects
the folk architectural style preserved in the best condition of
Central Europe. There are 56 protected residential buildings in
Ófalu.
Creation
The old log house was built of wood,
without foundation, until the end of the 17th century. The building
was plastered with mud inside and out. The house reconstructions
between 1909 and 1911 also adapted to the traditional village
structure. They were built on a stone foundation, with adobe walls
and tiled shingles with rafters. The boom of the settlement was
caused by the fire of 1909 because almost all the houses burned
down. Then the houses had to be rebuilt.
Its residential
houses with wooden columned porches, front porches and other Palóc
architectural features are of unparalleled value. Houses usually
consist of 3 rooms, less often two. In the back corner of the house
there is a machine made of brick or clay and a combustion plant used
in the pre-chimney era - the narrow-smoky indochnit is almost
impossible to find today. In the 20th century, they lived in
stone-laid houses with earthen floors. The structure of the chamber
integrated with the house was the same. The construction in Hollókő,
with a raftered, girdered roof structure and referring to the old
Palóc house type, remained almost unchanged until the mid-1950s. A
recent accessory of the Hollókő plots is the summer kitchen built
with hombár - it is also a structure with a gabled roof and tiled
shingles. After dismantling the atrium burners, the toaster moved
out into the yard. The flat-paved courtyards also included the
open-sided wood color on the wooden pillars and the cross-headed
coffee well carved from wooden planks.
Folk architecture
Within folk architecture, several landscape and ethnic features are
condensed in the Palóc dwellings, which is also strongly related to
the houses of the Slavic region. The material and decoration of the
triangular part of the street-facing façade, the gable, is as
peculiar in Palócföld as the stone-columned porch from the second
third of the 19th century, or the type of combustion plant made of
it consisted of a structure replaced by a bubbling furnace.
Farmhouses usually had a living room, an atrium, and a pantry.
Later, it was possible to get from the atrium to the front and back
rooms. The first house was then converted into a clean room. The
largest and most economically important structure of the yard is the
barn and the barn.
Typical pieces of Palóc furniture are
seating or storage facilities (bench, small chair, water chair,
etc.) Rosy, tower beds, ornate carved cabinets or carpenters,
painted chests, large drawers, so-called spread-out tables are also
the old Palóc home furnishings. Among the holy images in the flats,
so-called “cifrat plates” placed in pairs were common.
The
traditional Palóc houses usually consist of three rooms: from the
porch directly to the atrium, i.e. the kitchen, from where the clean
room opened to the street front, which the lord of the house lived
with his family, and to the rear the pantry, where the grain was
stored, and it was it is also a place for the elderly.
Current status of each plot
It was due to the unparalleled
village image that the protected part of Hollókő, together with the
landscape protection area, became part of the world heritage in
1987. As early as 1961, the National Monument Inspectorate made its
first proposal for the protection of the village's monuments. In it,
he marked the boundaries of the protected area. In addition, he
suggested the incorporation of features that meet the needs of today
in some of the houses. Unlike the open-air museum in Szentendre, the
houses were largely inhabited, thus protecting the condition of the
houses. Institutions also moved into some of the sheltered houses.
The state of 2010 is described below.
Kossuth út 46.,
Pajtakert
At the entrance of the Old Village, on the site of the
former barns, outdoor programs are held. Various folk events are
organized by the Pajtakert program office in the opened former
residential buildings. The Barn Garden Gallery has also been
established here, where temporary exhibitions are held.
Kossuth út 47.
The surgery house, inaugurated in 1970, was moved
from Petőfi Street to Kossuth Street 47.
Kossuth út 53.
The building currently houses a craft workshop and a folk playhouse
called Kézművesporta. In the workshop, which can be visited free of
charge during the opening hours, you can also see our old folk
handicrafts, such as leather weaving, dressing, lace-making, mating,
candle making, beading, felting, textile dyeing, paper dipping,
raffia weaving and rag doll making. In the workshop, you can not
only watch if someone is interested in creating, you can choose from
more than a dozen occupations and learn to craft. In the courtyard
of the porta it is also possible to try different folk skill games.
Only locally produced folk handicrafts can be purchased at the
Handicraft Sports.
Kossuth út 57.
The building is currently known as Attila
Guesthouse, a village catering establishment.
Kossuth út 58.
Former residential house
Kossuth út 61.
Former residential
house
The building currently houses the Geranium Restaurant.
Kossuth út 62., hrsz.:62.
Former residential house
The
folk house was built before 1867. It burned down in 1926 and was
restored after the fire. On a comb-built plot, a stone-plinthed
building a few meters from the street line, is divided into three
parts with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. Street and courtyard facade
with wooden columned porch. The top is truncated, the plane of the
gable is located behind the facade. Tiled, whitewashed, beamed
ceilings.
In the building, the House of Legends Association
arranged the panopticon of the House of Legends. Four of Hollókő's
legends:
the construction of the castle,
Only the hiding
of Matthew's treasure,
tunnel system leading out of the castle
and
the history of famous fights in the area
presented with
wax puppets and information boards.
Playful visitors can also
solve a series of tasks called "Legendary Expedition" about Hollókő,
compiled from historical and local knowledge questions.
The
contemporary atmosphere is enhanced by the musical background of
medieval songs and dances.
Open daily from 10:00 to 17:00
Kossuth út 64., hrsz.:61.
Residential house
The folk house
was built after 1867. It burned down in 1909 and was restored after
the fire. The stone-plated building on a comb-built plot is divided
into five parts with a room-kitchen-room-pantry-barn layout. Street
and courtyard facade with wooden columned porch. The windows in the
street room are medium and the windows in the back room are small.
The top is truncated, the plane of the gable is located behind the
facade. Tiled, whitewashed, beamed ceilings.
Kossuth út 65.,
hrsz.:345.
Former residential house
The folk house was built
before 1867. Originally, it stood inside the street line, and in
front of it stood a house parallel to the street line - the fate of
the cross-facing building is unknown. The inner house burned down in
both 1909 and 1926. It was restored after both fires, and was
expanded in 1926 - it has been on the street line ever since.
The building on a comb-built plot is divided into four parts,
with a room-kitchen-pantry-room layout. The top is truncated, the
plane of the gable is located behind the facade. Tiled, whitewashed,
beamed ceilings.
A pottery workshop and shop have been set up
in the middle of the building, with a wooden spoon on the street
front.
Kossuth út 66.
Former residential house
The
building currently houses the Kalari handicraft shop.
Kossuth
út 67., hrsz.:350.
Former residential building, the second member
of the inner row of houses on Kossuth Street.
The year of
construction of the folk building is unknown. The stone-plated
building on a combed plot is divided into four parts with a
room-kitchen-room-pantry layout. It is surrounded on three sides by
a porch with wooden columns and battens. Both ends of the roof are
truncated, the rooms are beamed.
The Katalin tavern is
located at 67–69–71 Kossuth út.
Kossuth út 68., hrsz.:58.
Former residential building, listed
The year of construction of
the folk building is unknown. On a comb-built plot, on a street
line, the building with a stone plinth is divided into four parts,
with a room – kitchen – room – summer kitchen layout. Porch along
street and courtyard walls. The street part of the house is located
lower than the others. The top is truncated, the plane of my nose is
behind the facade.
Currently, the office of the Public
Foundation for Ravens and Tourinform is also here.
Kossuth út
69., hrsz.:347.
Former residential house.
The folk house was
built after 1867. It burned down in both 1909 and 1926, and was
restored after both fires. On the comb-built plot, the
stone-plinthed building on the street line was originally divided
into three parts, with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. This remained
even after the restoration, but the level of the chamber was raised.
Its wooden-columned, railed porch was clad in brick. Tiled,
whitewashed, beamed ceilings.
The Katalin tavern is located
at 67–69–71 Kossuth út.
Kossuth út 70., hrsz.:57.
Residential house, monumental
The folk house was built before
1867. On the comb-built plot, on the street line, a brick-pillared,
basement building is divided into four parts, with a room – kitchen
– room – barn layout. Its gymnasium is brick-chested, with one
pillar on each corner of the main façade and four more inwards. The
top is truncated, the plane of my nose is above the wall. Covered
with tiles, its walls whitewashed.
Kossuth út 71., hrsz.:360.
Residential house
The folk-style, stone-plated residential house
is one of the remaining buildings in the inner row of the group
plots. It was built in 1928. Divided into five parts, with a room –
kitchen – pantry – barn – barn layout. The top is truncated, the
gable is located behind the wall plane. It was covered with tiles,
the walls whitewashed.
The Katalin tavern is located at
67–69–71 Kossuth út.
Kossuth út 72., hrsz.:56.
Residential house,
monumental
The folk house was built around 1890. On the
comb-built plot, on the street line, the building, which is lower
and lower, facing the courtyard, was divided into five parts, with a
room – kitchen – room – pantry – barn layout. This remained even
after the restoration, but the level of the chamber was raised. Its
wooden-columned porch was fitted with a parquet board with sawn
ornaments. The top is truncated, the gable is located in the plane
of the facade wall. Tiled, whitewashed, beamed ceilings.
Kossuth út 73., hrsz.:361.
Residential house
The folk house
was built before 1867. On a comb-built plot, a stone-plated building
a few meters from the street line is divided into four parts, with a
room-kitchen-room-pantry layout. It is surrounded on three sides by
a wooden-columned railing. The top is truncated, the plane of the
nose is above the wall plane. Tiled, whitewashed, beamed ceilings.
Kossuth út 74, hrsz.:54.
Former residential building, listed
The folk-style house on the street was built after 1867. It burned
down in 1909 and was restored. Standing on a comb-built plot, the
stone-plinthed building was originally divided into four parts, with
a room – kitchen – pantry – barn layout. The plinth is high on the
street facade, gradually lowering towards the courtyard. In front of
the street facade and in the courtyard, a porch with a wooden column
and a sawn batten guard was created up to the former kitchen. The
top is truncated, the gable is above the wall plane. Tiled,
whitewashed.
The mayor's office moved back to the Old
Village, to this house.
Kossuth út 75., hrsz.:362.
Former
residential house, souvenir shop
The folk house stands on the
street line. It burned down in both 1909 and 1926, and was restored
after both fires. Standing on a comb-built plot, the stone-plated
building was divided into four parts, with a room – kitchen – pantry
– barn layout. On the courtyard facade there is a porch with a
wooden column and a batten guard. The roof is truncated, the floors
of the rooms are rammed. Tiled, whitewashed, beamed ceilings.
In the building, handmade ceramic objects are sold in the
souvenir shop Portéka of the Baranyi Kerámia company in Veszprém.
Kossuth út 76., hrsz.:52.
Former residential building, listed
Before 1867, a house stood on the site of the current folk building.
It burned down in a fire in 1909 and was then rebuilt using the
remains. The house, divided into three parts, stands on the street
line of the comb-built plot, its original layout: room – kitchen –
pantry. The chamber is narrower than the main building. The
wooden-columned, railed porch was built only on either side of the
main building. The tiled roof is truncated, the plane of the gable
is behind the facade. The yard is closed by a split wooden fence.
There is now a post office in the house.
Kossuth út 78.,
hrsz.:51.
Residential house, monumental
The folk character is
behind the building at 76 Kossuth út, and their courtyards are also
shared. I don't know when it was built. It burned down in 1909 and
was restored after the fire. It was originally divided into five
parts, with a room – kitchen – room – pantry – barn layout. The top
is truncated, covered with tiles. The walls were whitewashed.
Kossuth út 79., hrsz.:366.
Residential house
The
folk-style, rough-laid stone plinth residential house is behind
House No. 81, tightly attached. A rare example of the incorporation
of group plots is when the two integrated houses open from the
opposite side. It was built sometime after 1867. The building was
divided into two parts with a room-kitchen layout. On the courtyard
facade there is a porch with a wooden column and a batten guard. The
roof is covered with tiles, the ceiling is beamed, the walls are
whitewashed. The floors of the rooms are rammed ground.
Kossuth út 80.
Former residential building, now Postal Museum.
Kossuth út 81., hrsz.:364.
Residential house
The folk-style
house on the street was built after 1867. House No. 79 was added
directly to the north end of the stone plinth building on the
comb-built plot, and this is the only case of group plot design
where the two integrated houses open from the opposite side. Divided
into three parts, with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. The tiled roof
is truncated, the ceiling is beamed, the walls are whitewashed. The
floors of the rooms are rammed ground.
Kossuth út 82.,
hrsz.:49/1.
Former residential building, listed
The
folk-style, stone-plated residential house on the street was built
before 1867. It burned down in 1909 and was restored using the
remains after the fire. The building was divided into three parts,
with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. The tiled roof is truncated, the
walls are whitewashed.
The ethnographic exhibition of the
village museum (open: April 1 - October 31, every day from 10 am to
4 pm; tel .: 32 / 378-058) was organized by the Palóc Museum in
Balassagyarmat with furniture and tools used in Hollókő at the
beginning of the 20th century. Permanent exhibition: Hollókő house
interior from the 1920s.
Kossuth út 83., hrsz.:397.
Roman Catholic church, monumental in nature
It
was probably built in 1889 from public donations. It burned down in
1909 but was quickly restored. The small, folk building is
single-nave, oriented west-east. Your boat is rectangular and closes
straight. It has no separate sanctuary. Its tower was erected in
front of the eastern façade, the stone-walled tower base is vaulted.
The upper two levels were carved from wood. The wooden ladder
entrance is on the outer (south) wall. The entrance to the church
opens on the east wall of the tower. The ship's floor is beamed. The
simple wooden gallery is supported by a single wooden column.
Kossuth út 84, hrsz.:49/1.
Former town hall, monumental
The folk-style building on the street line, located parallel to it,
was erected before 1867. It burned down completely in the fire of
1909, so its original arrangement cannot be ascertained. The rebuilt
building in 1968 had a pantry, three offices and a boardroom. The
street wall is stone plinth, gabled, with truncated bricks at both
the east and west ends. It has no fence, its entrance opens on the
south side.
It is currently a jam and honey shop called
Grandma's store.
Kossuth út 85., hrsz.:400.
Residential
house and outbuilding
The folk-style building on the street line
was erected before 1867. The stone-plated house on a comb-built plot
is divided into three parts with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. On
its courtyard façade, a paved porch with a wooden pole was paved.
Tiled top with truncated cone. Its walls are whitewashed and its
ceiling is beamed. Its two-division (chamber-barn) outbuilding is
located on the east side of the plot.
Kossuth út 86.,
hrsz.:46.
Former Roman Catholic parish
The folk-style building
stands south of House 84, higher up, perpendicular to the street
line. Divided into four parts, originally with an
office-room-kitchen-pantry layout. It burned in the 1909 fire.
During the restoration, its original division was retained, but the
rooms were designed for the new purpose. It has a columnless porch
on its courtyard facade. The top is truncated, covered with tiles,
the walls are whitewashed. The attic has been built.
Kossuth
út 87., hrsz.:403.
Residential house
The folk-style dwelling
house on the street line was built before 1867. It burned down in a
fire in 1909 and was later renovated. The building, standing on a
comb-built plot, with a stone plinth, separated from the street line
by a small front garden, is divided into five parts, with a room –
kitchen – pantry – barn – pantry layout. The tiled roof is
truncated, the walls are whitewashed.
Kossuth út 88.,
hrsz.:44.
Residential house
Standing inside the street line,
the folk-style dwelling house was built before 1867. It burned down
in 1909 and was restored after the fire. The stone-plated house on a
combed plot is divided into four parts with a
room-kitchen-room-pantry layout. The porch with edged, carved
columns has no parapets. The roof of the house is truncated, covered
with tiles. The walls were whitewashed.
Kossuth út 89.,
hrsz.:404.
Residential house
The folk house was built before
1867. It burned down in both the 1909 and 1935 fires and was
refurbished after both. Standing on a comb-built plot, the
stone-plinthed building was divided into three parts with a
room-kitchen-pantry layout. The tiled roof is truncated, the walls
are whitewashed. The ceiling of the rooms is beamed, the floor is
rammed earth. The condition of the house is neglected, decaying.
Kossuth út 90., hrsz.:43.
Former residential building, now a
village restaurant
The folk-type dwelling house, located inside
the street line, was built before 1867 and then rebuilt in 1910
after a fire in 1909. The stone-plated house on a combed plot is
divided into four parts with a room-kitchen-room-pantry layout. The
street and the courtyard are fenced with a wooden pole railing. The
gabled, gableless gable roof is covered with tiles.
Kossuth
út 91.
pub
A Kossuth u. In 91, it used to be the village pub.
Today, local specialties are served in the restaurant next door,
decorated according to the Palóc tradition.
Kossuth út 92.,
hrsz.:42.
Residential house
The folk house, located inside the
street line, was built around 1910. Standing on a comb-built plot,
the stone-plated house is divided into five parts with a
room-kitchen-room-barn-pantry layout. Towards the street and the
courtyard there is a porch with a wooden column pierced with a
carved parapet and wind board. The tiled roof is truncated, the
ceilings of the rooms are beamed, the walls are whitewashed.
Kossuth út 93., hrsz.:409.
Former residential house, today Vár restaurant
The folk house was built before 1867. It burned down in a fire in
1909 but was rebuilt. On a comb-built plot, the building on the
street line was originally divided into four parts, with a room –
kitchen – barn – car color layout, and this division was maintained
during the 1909 renovation. The building still consists of four
rooms, but their function has changed: today it is a restaurant with
50 seats. The original entrance of the residential area opens from
the east, on this side and from the street there is also a wooden
porch porch. The roof covered with tiles and shingles is truncated
at both ends, and the walls are whitewashed. The ceiling of the
rooms is beamed. The house is located at Kossuth u. It was
integrated with Building 95, for which the two buildings were
connected by a neck member. Its narrow, east-facing courtyard on the
east side is now a garden.
Kossuth út 94, hrsz.:41.
Former
residential house, now Weaving House
The folk house was built
around 1910. It was transformed into a folk art creative house in
1979-81; weaving courses have been held in it ever since.
On
the comb-built plot, on the street line, the stone-plinthed building
was originally divided into four parts, with a
room-chamber-chamber-barn layout. In front of the street and
courtyard wall there is a porch with a pierced plank guard and a
wind board laced with wooden poles. The top is truncated.
Kossuth út 95., hrsz.:409.
Former residential house
The
popular residential house on the street line, parallel to it, was
built in 1909–10. It was originally divided into four parts, but has
now only partially survived. It was bought by the Tourist Office in
1971, then converted into a restaurant and at the same time
integrated into Kossuth u. With housing 93 (see there). Today it has
a foundry – kitchen – office and warehouses.
The house is
built on a stone plinth, the porch has a wooden column. The roof is
truncated at both ends and covered with tiles. The walls of the
building were whitewashed. The ceiling of the rooms is beamed.
Kossuth út 96., hrsz.:37.
Former residential house
The
folk-style house on the street line, parallel to it, was built in
1920. Divided into three parts, with a room-kitchen-room layout. The
top covered with slate and tiles is truncated. The walls of the
building were whitewashed.
In the courtyard, perpendicular to
the street, there is also a barn with a truncated roof, as well as a
bridge and an oven. The Palóc Baby Museum was set up in the
residential building itself.
Kossuth út 97., hrsz.:37.
Former residential house
Currently a tourist accommodation.
Kossuth út 98., hrsz.:33.
Residential house
The folk-type
residential house, located further from the street line, was
supplemented by Kossuth u. 100 house, their yard is common. The
house stands on a comb-built plot, on a high stone plinth, with a
two-part, room-kitchen layout. Towards the street and the courtyard
there is a porch fenced with a wooden pillar and an openwork carved
parapet. The tiled roof is truncated, the walls are whitewashed.
Kossuth út 99., hrsz.:411.
Former residential house
The
folk-type dwelling house, located inside the street line, was built
sometime before 1867: the cadastral map issued this year depicts it
3 meters shorter but wider than it is today. It burned down in 1909,
but was rebuilt that year; it was then that it got its present
dimensions. The house, standing on a comb-built plot on a stone
plinth, is separated from the street by a small front garden. It is
connected to the northern end by a slightly broken line at Kossuth
u. Building 101. Their courtyard is common, and their topographical
number is the same. The building is divided into three parts, with a
room-kitchen-pantry layout. The tiled roof is truncated, the walls
are whitewashed.
He transformed the house into a museum in
the Bükk National Park. A permanent exhibition entitled Landscape
and People can be seen in its premises (Tel: (32) 379-259).
Kossuth út 100., hrsz.:32.
Residential house
The folk house
was built at Kossuth u. With house 98 (see there), their courtyards
are shared. It was already on the 1867 cadastral map, but its final
form was given by the reconstruction after the 1909 fire. On the
comb-built plot, it stands perpendicular to the street line, with a
roof ridge and gutter line higher than its 98 house. Divided into
four parts, with a room – kitchen – pantry – barn layout. On the
courtyard side, a porch with wooden columns, partly with railings,
was created. Saddle-roofed, tiled, the walls whitewashed. The
ceiling of the rooms is beamed.
Kossuth út 101, hrsz.:411.
Former residential house
The folk-style residential house on a
stone plinth was built at Kossuth u. With house 99 (see there),
their courtyard is common, and their topographical number is the
same. Its predecessor was built before 1867, but it burned down in
1909. It was rebuilt around 1910 and thoroughly remodeled at the
same time. The building is divided into two parts with a
room-kitchen layout. In front of the courtyard wall there is a porch
without a column. The northern end of the tiled roof is truncated.
The walls are whitewashed, the ceilings of the rooms are beamed.
Kossuth út 103., hrsz.:412.
Residential house
The folk-type dwelling house
on a stone plinth was already on a 1867 cadastral map. It received
its final form after the 1909 fire. It stands on the street line on
a comb-built plot. Divided into three parts, with a
room-kitchen-pantry layout. On the courtyard side, a porch with
brick pillars and a brick chest guard was created. The truncated
roof is covered with tiles, the walls are whitewashed, the porch
pillars and the parapet are made of raw brick.
Kossuth út
104, hrsz.:29.
Residential house
The folk-style dwelling house
on a high stone plinth was built after 1867. It probably burned down
in the fire of 1909 and was rebuilt around 1910. It stands on the
street line on a comb-built plot. Divided into five parts, with a
room – kitchen – room – pantry – barn layout. The street and the
courtyard are surrounded by a brick porch with a brick parapet.
There is an oven at the southern end of the porch. Truncated, tiled,
the walls whitewashed.
Kossuth út 105.
Former residential
house, two separate parts of the house:
Kossuth út 105 / a -
hrsz.:417.,
Kossuth út 105 / b - hrsz.:416.
The folk-style
dwelling house was built on a street line built before 1867 on a
combed plot. It burned down in a fire in 1909 and was rebuilt that
year. Divided into four parts, with a room – kitchen – kitchen –
room layout. The street and the courtyard are surrounded by a porch
with a wooden column and no parapet. The roof is covered with tiles,
both ends are truncated. The walls are whitewashed, the slab is
beamed.
Its outbuilding stands to the west of the main
building, on the plot boundary, a little further inwards,
perpendicular to the street line, on a low stone plinth. Divided
into two parts, originally with a chamber-chamber arrangement. The
top is truncated at the north.
Kossuth út 106., hrsz.:28.
Former residential house
The folk-style dwelling house on a stone
plinth was built before 1867. It burned down in a fire in 1909 but
was rebuilt. It stands on the street line on a comb-built plot.
Divided into five parts, with room – kitchen – room – pantry – shed
layout. The street and the courtyard are surrounded by a porch with
a wooden column and railing. Truncated, tiled, the walls
whitewashed.
Kossuth út 107.
Former residential house,
village host
Kossuth út 108, hrsz.:26.
Former residential
house
The folk house was built before 1867. It burned down in a
fire in 1909 but was rebuilt. On the comb-built plot, it stands on
the street line, on a high stone plinth descending towards the
courtyard. Divided into four parts, originally with a
room-kitchen-room-pantry layout. Facing the street and the
courtyard, it is surrounded by a porched porch with a pierced wooden
pillar. The roof is truncated at both ends, covered with tiles, the
walls whitewashed.
During the modern restoration, its
original layout was changed and a truncated, whitewashed, modern
wing building was erected at the southern end of the existing house.
This part of the building is connected to the former residential
building by a neck member.
Kossuth út 112, hrsz.:25.
Residential house
The folk building is not marked by the
cadastral map of 1867, there was still a vegetable garden on its
place at that time. Nor can it be known whether it was already
standing at the time of the great fire of 1909. On the comb-built
plot, it stands on a stone plinth slightly back from the street
line. It originally had more rooms in it; today's triple division
(with room – kitchen – wood color layout) was formed as a result of
demolition and then restoration. The street and the courtyard are
surrounded by a columnless porch. Truncated, tiled, the walls
whitewashed.
Kossuth út 114, hrsz.:22.
Residential house
The folk-style dwelling house on a stone plinth is not yet marked in
the cadastral map of 1867, the date of its construction is unknown.
It stands on the street line on a comb-built plot. Divided into
three parts, with a room-kitchen-pantry layout. The street and the
courtyard are surrounded by a porch without a wooden pillar, without
a parapet; with summer kitchen at the end of the porch. Truncated,
tiled, the walls whitewashed. There is a wooden, locked bridge in
the courtyard.
Petőfi utca 1., hrsz.:398
Residential
house, monumental
The folk building, located on the street line
parallel to it, was built after 1867 and then rebuilt after the 1909
fire. Two-room, room-kitchen layout. Its street wall stands on a
roughly laid curved stone plinth, with a wooden-columned,
mud-covered porch in front of its wall facing the fork in the
streets. The top is truncated, covered with tiles, the walls
whitewashed.
After the barn garden was built, the balls were
held here.
Petőfi utca 2., hrsz.:370.
Former residential
building, now a museum
The folk-style stone plinth house was
built in the early 1920s. On the comb-built plot, it separates a
small front garden from the street line. Divided into four parts,
with a room – kitchen – pantry – workshop layout - the workshop was
later added to the building. The top is truncated, covered with
tiles, the walls whitewashed. The front garden is surrounded by a
carefully carved slatted fence.
The two attractions of the
building complex are the forestry museum and the exhibition of
woodcarving master Ferenc Kelemen.
Petőfi utca 4.
Former residential house,
village catering place.
Family business called Mívesház, with
folk programs and regional dishes.
The other building on the
plot was named the Pottery House; in this several old folk crafts:
gingerbread decoration,
chatter,
felting
are presented
in the most detail (as the name of the building suggests), a
pottery, from clay preparation to finished firing.
The shop sells
the works of Hungarian potters and craftsmen.
Petőfi utca 7.,
hrsz.:407.
Former residential building, listed. Highly protected,
unique house with palóc furniture.
The folk-style dwelling house
is not yet depicted in the 1867 cadastral map. It burned down in
1909 and was restored. It stands on the street line on the
comb-built plot. Divided into two parts, originally with a
room-chamber layout. It stands on a lower, protruding stone plinth,
with a narrow, columnless porch in front of the courtyard wall. Its
roof is truncated at both ends, covered with tiles, and its walls
are whitewashed. Slab contraction joints should intersect at the
openings for columns.
The building was purchased by the
Tourist Office in 1977, and after restoration in 1981, the office's
Hollókő office was located here.
Petőfi utca 8., hrsz.:374.
Former residential house
The folk building was erected before
1867 and then rebuilt after the 1909 fire. His summer kitchen in
1867 was not there yet. It stands inside the street line,
perpendicular to it. It was originally four-part, with a
room-kitchen-pantry-barn layout. Its roof is truncated at both ends,
covered with tiles, and its walls are whitewashed. Slab contraction
joints should intersect at the openings for columns.
In 1968,
a 9-person tourist hostel of the Tourist Office was established
here. The windows overlooking the street to the room of village
balls and dance parties, Petőfi u. They open onto the basement
entrance to 1st Street.
Petőfi utca 10., hrsz.:375.
Residential house
The folk-style dwelling house was erected
sometime before 1867. It burned down in a fire in 1909 and was
rebuilt in 1909-10. On the comb-built plot, it separates a small
front garden from the street line. Divided into four parts, with a
room – kitchen – kitchen – room layout. Its northern end stands on a
higher stone plinth. Its street and courtyard facade is surrounded
by a porch, the southern half of which is formed with raw brick
pillars and parapets, the northern part with wooden pillars and
batten parapets. Its roof is truncated at both ends, covered with
tiles, and its walls whitewashed.
It also had an outbuilding
earlier, which stood next to house number 8, parallel to it. This is
also depicted in the cadastral maps of 1867, 1931 and 1962 - it was
demolished sometime after 1962.
Petőfi utca 12., hrsz.:370
Residential house
The folk-style stone plinth house was built
sometime before 1867. It burned down in a fire in 1909 and was
rebuilt in 1909-10. On the comb-built plot, it separates a small
front garden from the street line. Divided into four parts, with a
room – kitchen – room – barn layout, with a porched, brick porch
from the courtyard of the living area. The top is truncated at both
ends.
At both ends of the residential area there is a
truncated brick. He jumps out strongly towards the yard, a staircase
leads up to it. The top is truncated at both ends. His cellar, which
opens next to the summer kitchen, is vaulted.
Both buildings
are covered with tiles, their walls whitewashed.
Petőfi utca
20., hrsz.:38.
Former residential house
The folk building was
erected before 1867 and then rebuilt after the 1909 fire. 25 meters
from the line of the street, standing on a stone plinth,
perpendicular to it, is a three-part building, originally with a
pantry-kitchen-room layout. Quadrangular stones from the castle were
presumably built into the northeast corner of the plinth. The roof
at the courtyard end of the house is truncated.
The
outbuilding to the north of the house is divided into two parts: a
car color and a barn. Both buildings are tiled and their walls are
whitewashed.
The third building of the plot is Petőfi u. It
is located at the north end of residential building 16. Divided into
two parts, originally with a car-color-stable layout. The wall is
limestone, the top is simple, with a gabled roof.
Petőfi utca
22., hrsz.:383.
Former residential house
The folk-style
dwelling house was erected in 1909 using the remains of a pre-1867
fire-burned building. On a comb-built plot, a residential house
standing perpendicular to the street line is separated from it by a
small front garden. It was originally divided into five parts, with
a room-kitchen-pantry-kitchen-room layout - the last two of which
were dismantled in 1958. Unusually, the houses in Hollókő are
surrounded on all four sides by a porch-wide stone plinth. The tiled
top has a truncated brick and the walls are whitewashed.
Palóc family house with furnished furniture.
Petőfi utca 26., hrsz.:387.
Residential house
The folk house burned down in 1909 and was rebuilt after the fire.
The L-shaped dwelling house, standing on a stone plinth in the back,
parallel to the line of the street, was divided into four parts,
with a room – kitchen – room – pantry layout. Before the modern
restoration, it had a porch with a raw brick pillar and a carved
plank chest of drawers, closed with a laced wind board. Both wings
of the building have basements; their truncated tops are covered
with tiles. The slab is beamed, the walls are whitewashed.
In
the yard of the house there is still the barn of the previously
demolished house No. 24 and an oven.
Petőfi utca 28.,
hrsz.:391.
Residential house
The folk-style residential house
on a stone plinth was originally built before 1867, 2 meters shorter
than the current one. The building burned down in a fire in 1909,
but was restored later that year. On a comb-built plot, a
residential house standing perpendicular to the street line is
separated from it by a small front garden. It was divided into four
parts, with a room – kitchen – room – pantry layout. A porch with a
wooden column was built in front of the street and courtyard walls.
Its tiled roof is truncated at both ends and its walls are
whitewashed.
Petőfi utca 30., hrsz.:392.
Former
residential house
The folk-style dwelling house on a stone plinth
was built sometime before 1867. The building burned down in a fire
in 1909, but was restored later that year. On the comb-built plot,
it stands on the line of the street, perpendicular to it. It was
divided into five parts, originally with a room – kitchen – room –
pantry – pantry layout. Modern restorers have maintained this
division, and the new purpose of each room (hallway – washbasin –
shower – staircase – attic bedroom) has been designed accordingly.
In front of the street and partly in front of the courtyard wall,
there is a porch with a wooden column pierced by a wooden column. At
the end of the tiled roof, it is truncated, its walls are
whitewashed. Bacon roasting places were set up on the wall remnants
of his previously demolished barn. Courtyard summer kitchen consists
of built in stove.
Holiday house.
Petőfi utca 32.,
hrsz.:394.
Former residential house
The predecessor of the
folk-style, stone-plated dwelling-house stood in 1867, still on the
western boundary of the site; his fate is unknown. The predecessor
of today’s building probably burned down in 1909, but was restored.
On a comb-built plot, a residential house standing perpendicular to
the street line is separated from it by a small front garden. It was
divided into eight parts, with a room – kitchen – room – pantry –
barn – pantry – kitchen – room layout. It consists of two parts of
the building; the northern part of the house built in the lower area
is narrower. In front of the back building is a porch without a
column. The tiled top has a truncated brick and the walls are
whitewashed.
Postal Museum
Baby Museum
Guzsalyas house
Weaving workshop
Craft Printing Workshop
Schoolmaster's house
Attractive Dance House
Palóc Playhouse
Leatherworker
Gazduram's cheese shop
Cake Bakery
Pottery house
Catholic
church (a wooden tower building built in the late 19th century,
which burned down with the village in 1909)
Hollókő Landscape
Protection Area
Location
The settlement was built in the
central part of Nógrád county, 12 km southeast of Szécsény and 20 km
northwest of Pásztó, in the Cserhát mountains. The old village of
only a few hundred people is a World Heritage Site. The village can
be approached from Szécsény by road 22 from the main road 22 or from
the main road 21 in front of Pásztó on the side road No. 2122 - from
this (on the administrative border of Nagylóc and Felsőtold) the
access road No. 21 146 leading to the village branches off. It is
not possible to go in the other direction from the settlement, so
Hollókő is a real sack settlement. The village museum has been
operating in the center of Hollókő since 1964, which presents the
typical way of life, housing, furniture and economic means of a
Palóc peasant family.
Natural conditions
Eastern or
Volcanic-Cserhát is a low volcanic cliff where the wreckage of
Tertiary ruin volcanoes, andesite rocks (dikes) and crushed lava
cover appear. Hollókő, Buják, Szanda and Ecsegvár were also built on
a dance (more precisely: Hollókő on a neck). The Karancs (729 m)
andesite lacquerite mountain: the stone lenses above and next to
each other are still covered in many places by the Oligocene
sandstone. Andesite was exhumed only on steeper parts.
The
wreckage of the Hollókő castle hill is the chimney filling of a
roughly 14 million-year-old (Miocene-aged) volcano: after the
destruction of the volcanic structure, hard, and more
erosion-resistant andesite solidified in the chimney was prepared
from the surrounding sedimentary rocks.
The remnants of the
former forest around the castle are the current wooded pasture: the
trees were gradually cut down to increase the pasture. After the
decline of extensive animal husbandry, succession began in the area.
Climate
The average temperature of Cserhát is 9-9.5 ° C, the
annual precipitation is 600-650 mm, because it is located in the
wind. The water flow of the streams is low, the main river is the
Galga.
History
The history of the village dates back to
the 13th century, the castle of Szár-hegy was built after the Tartar
invasion. An old legend explains the name of the fortress built on
the rock. According to this, a certain Andrew Kacsics - from the
12th century onwards the landowners were actually members of the
Kacsics clan in this area - kidnapped and locked the beautiful woman
of the neighboring landlord in the castle under construction.
However, the woman's nurse was a "witch" and conspired with the
devil, whom she persuaded to turn her sons into ravens. The
devil-sons dismantled the fortress from stone to stone and then, to
their credit, did not scatter the stones, but built a new castle on
a nearby rock. This castle became Hollókő, and the village below it
got its name from the castle. According to a similar legend, a
haughty nobleman began to build the castle on the hilltop. He was
not ready with him when he robbed a woman of himself and took him to
the half-finished castle. However, the woman had two shaped ravens
and they carried away the stones that the masons had put up during
the day. The castle was built only when the captive woman regained
her freedom.
Since the charter documents of the time mostly
only mention the castle, the mere fact that it was a church place in
the first half of the 14th century is known from the village from
the Middle Ages. Originally, it was probably on the west side of the
castle - at least according to documents, the Roman Catholic parish
dedicated to St. Martin stood there in 1342. The site of the
medieval Puszta Church, which the population calls prey, was
excavated in 1969. The place names Pusztavár, Pusztatemplom,
Pusztaszőlők probably developed after the Tartar invasion.
In
Turkish times, like many other settlements, Hollókő was depopulated:
in 1715, the county censuses were about only three taxable
households. Its resettlement was soon to take place, as it was
already on the register as a noble village in 1720 (this meant that
its inhabitants were exempt from paying tax). Due to the unfavorable
production conditions of the area, the development of the settlement
has been stalled for a long time. The small-plot vineyard opposite
the castle was subdivided in 1860: the border of the village of just
1,200 Hungarian acres (41 hectares) was divided into 687 small
peasant estates after the liberation of serfs.
The settlement
was destroyed several times by fire, as the houses were built of
wood, without a foundation, and covered with a flammable thatched
roof, and above the open stoves they were ventilated only through
smoke holes instead of chimneys. The great fire of 1909 marked the
turning point: the now adobe-walled houses were erected on a stone
base and covered with rafter roof structures and tile shingles,
retaining their original form. Ófalu, which bears the atmosphere of
the turn of the century and the memories of the folk architectural
style of the ancient Palóc, gained its present image by 1911.