.png)
Aksay is a small town in Rostov Oblast located 18 kilometers (11 miles) North- East of Rostov- on- Don. Despite its small size Aksay is famous by its many legends, underground tunnels that date to prehistoric times and strange creatures that are said to roam these halls. Needless to say it is one of the most famous paranormal and mysterious places in Russia.
Customs outpost of the 18th century. Museum
complex with exhibits of the life of customs officers, samples of
weapons, maps, old manuscripts.
"Military-historical complex
named after N. D. Gulaev" on the territory of the environmental
complex "Mukhina Balka" with tunnels, Soviet and Russian military
equipment (1998). The underground facility is the command post of
the North Caucasian District.
Museum "Postal Station
of the 19th century". Griboyedov, M. Yu. Lermontov, Raevsky, A. S.
Pushkin, L. N. Tolstoy, Tchaikovsky, Roseni and others stayed here.
Monument "Crossing" in Aksay
in memory of the soldiers who fell here in the Great Patriotic War.
Kobyakovo Hill (Кобяково городище) with
the remains of the villages of the Sarmatians, Cumans, Tatars and
Rus[36].
Aksay Military Historical Museum
The museum contains military equipment of the early 20th century:
rockets, cars, cannons, planes, tanks, military boats and more.
Aksay Fortress. The fortress with
a customs outpost of the 18th century is a monument of military
fortification architecture, part of the Aisai Military History
Museum. The earthen fortress of 1763 was part of the Rostov fortress
of Dmitry Rostov.
Temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of
God "Hodegetria" (XIX century).
Assumption Church (1825) in the
Empire style, designed by architect M. A. Ambrosimov.
Military
History Museum of the mid-20th century "Suvorov's House". The museum
includes seven buildings associated with the stay here of cultural
figures. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov spent the winter of 1783-1784
here.
Reserve "Golden Hills" in the floodplain of the river Don.
The bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union N. D. Gulaev is a
monument of regional significance.
The name Aksai from the Turkic languages is
translated as White Balka (white channel), where “ak” is white,
“sai” is a ravine, a dry channel. The first written mention of the
settlement located on the territory of the present city of Aksai
dates back to 1570. From the article list of Ivan Novosiltsev's
embassy to Turkey in 1570, it is known that an embassy headed by
Ivan Petrovich Novosiltsev was sent to Constantinople from Moscow
through Azov, with the aim of congratulating Selim Sultan on his
accession to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. The document notes
that "the Azov Sefer sent to Ivan to meet at the Oksay estuary near
the Kobyakovo settlement of two people as bailiffs and an
interpreter." On July 7, 1570, I. Novosiltsev reported this to Tsar
Ivan IV the Terrible in a letter. Since that time, the Turks and
Cossacks exchanged ambassadors in this place to Russia and Turkey.
The Cossack town was repeatedly subjected to devastating raids
by the Turks, Crimean Tatars and Nogais. However, a convenient
location on a high bank at the confluence of the Aksai River with
the Don, at the crossroads of land roads leading to the capital of
the Don Host - Cherkassk (now Starocherkasskaya station), attracted
people here again and again. A document from 1734, now kept in the
Aksai Museum, lists the tsarist outposts located around Cherkassk
(now the village of Starocherkasskaya), and the outpost at Ust-Oksai
is mentioned in it. The document says that during the flood of
water, the Cossacks with their wives and children, as well as
widows, mainly from Cherkassk, annually traveled to Ust-Oksai for
almost the entire summer; In the settlement there was a bargaining
with visiting Little Russians, where they bought and exchanged bread
and other goods for fish.
In 1742, Ust-Aksay Stan appeared on
the map by the name of the river flowing here. In 1783, the
construction of the stone Trinity Church with the side-chapels of
St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Great Martyr George the
Victorious began in Aksai. The multi-tiered, carved, gilded on the
green ground, the iconostasis of this church was arranged in St.
Petersburg by the architect K. B. Rastrelli. In the winter of
1783/84. A. V. Suvorov, who was then in command of the Kuban corps,
lived in Ust-Aksai Stan. In 1786, the Triumphal Gates were erected
in Ust-Aksayskiy, "by the hiring of a servant Budennov".
In
1797 Ust-Aksaysky stanitsa was renamed into Ust-Aksaysky stanitsa,
and the prefix "Ust" later disappeared from the name. On June 1,
1820, A.S. Pushkin spent the night in the village of Aksayskaya on
his way to the Caucasus. In 1825, the Assumption Church was built in
the village.
During the Crimean War, in 1854-1855, the Azov
rowing flotilla was organized at the mouth of the Aksai River. At
the same time, a gunpowder factory, located on the gentle slope of a
ravine in the northwestern outskirts of the village, began to
produce products. The construction in 1854 of the capital Olginsky
dam across the entire Don area contributed even more to the trade
and maritime benefits of the village of Aksayskaya.
In 1850
sailing classes were opened in the village of Aksayskaya. Here is
what S. Nomikosov (1884) wrote about the lower-class Cossacks
(including the Aksays):
“All the local living conditions here are
most favorable for the sea, not the cavalry service. A boy of 7-8
years old already easily controls a skiff and from childhood hears
stories about exploits and adventures on the water. (...) On a
skiff, an oak and a longboat, the Cossacks are not afraid to embark
on the open sea, and huge spaces are sailing on their fragile boats.
Such daredevils can make up a contingent of excellent sea soldiers,
especially since, in addition to courage, they all have broad mental
development. "
The further fate of the village was
significantly influenced by the construction in 1864 of the first
railway on the Don, connecting the Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky coal
mines (now the city of Shakhty) and the village of Aksayskaya,
movement along it began in January 1864. In 1868, the railway line
was brought to Rostov-on-Don, connecting the village with the
country's railway network.
By the decree of the Presidium of
the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated December 23, 1957, the village
of Aksayskaya, Rostov region, received the status of a city of
regional subordination and the name Aksai.
From February 1,
1963 to January 12, 1965, Aksai had the status of a city of regional
subordination. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the RSFSR dated 01/12/1965, the city of Aksai again received the
status of a city of district subordination and became the center of
the Aksai district of the Rostov region.
The city is located in the south-east of the Russian Plain, in the south-western part of the Rostov region, on the steep right bank of the bend of the Don River, at the confluence of the Aksai branch. Aksai is one of the closest cities to Rostov-on-Don, located 12 km east of its center (only Bataysk is closer, this is the distance between the cities' post offices). The distance between the quarters of the two cities is less than 1 kilometer in a straight line or about 1.5 kilometers by road.
Aksai, like the entire Rostov region, is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00.
The climate is temperate continental. Winter is mild;
the average January temperature is −4.4 °C. Summer is hot, long, with a
predominance of sunny weather; the average July temperature is +22.9 °C.
Precipitation falls 600 mm per year.
Average annual temperature:
+9.7 °C
Absolute minimum air temperature: -31.9 °C
Absolute
maximum air temperature: +39.8 °C
Average annual wind speed: 2.4 m/s
Average annual air humidity: 72%
Average frost-free period: 6 months
Average duration of snow cover: 10-20 days
Duration of the heating
season: 6 months
The economy of the city of Aksai and the Aksai region
has a diversified structure. About 60% of the turnover of enterprises
falls on the consumer market, about 15% - on industry, about 15% - on
construction, the rest - transport and communications, agriculture, and
others.
In the structure of industrial production, more than 80%
is occupied by manufacturing industries, more than 60% of which, in
turn, is occupied by the production of rubber and plastic products. The
largest producer of sausage and frankfurter casings included in this
group of products is PKF Atlantis-Pak.
About 15% of the turnover
of manufacturing enterprises is accounted for by mechanical engineering
and metalworking enterprises. They are represented by Aksaykardandetal,
Agrotrade, which produce spare parts for agricultural. machines (hinges,
cardan shafts, etc.), and SSRZ "Midel", engaged in the repair of ships.
About 10% of the turnover of manufacturing industries falls on
enterprises for the production of other non-metallic mineral products
(Aksai Brick Plant, AksaiStroyProm, Aksai Glass Plant).
The
industry of the city of Aksai is represented by 12 enterprises of
various forms of ownership, the construction industry is represented by
15 construction organizations involved in the construction of
residential and non-residential buildings, boreholes, road repairs,
construction of gas pipelines, etc.
Automobile transport
The federal highway M-4 "Don"
passes through the territory of the city of Aksai:
Moscow -
Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don -
Krasnodar -
Novorossiysk, as well as highways of
regional and local significance.
Public transport is represented
by buses of small and medium capacity. In accordance with the register
of intra-district routes, there are 18 bus routes in Aksai district,
served by the companies "Kvarta-1" and "Aksay-Avto".
The city of
Aksai is connected by bus with the regional center, the city of
Rostov-on-Don (there are 8 routes with an initial landing stop in
different places of Rostov-on-Don and a final stop in different places
of Aksai), as well as with all settlements of the Aksai region. The
length of public transport routes within the urban settlement of Aksay
is 18.06 km.
Railway transport
The city has railway platforms
(stops) Aksai, Steklozavod and Berdanosovka of the North Caucasus
Railway on the double-track electrified line Rostov-Glavny - Likhaya -
Moscow.
Water transport
In the city of Aksai there are three
berths on the Don River (currently they are inactive).
On the
left bank of the Aksai River, the ship repair plant of JSC SSRZ "Midel"
is located, as well as the shipbuilding enterprise LLC "Shipyard
Don-Kassens", where the repair and construction of mixed navigation
vessels "river-sea" is carried out.
Branches of the following banks have been opened in Aksai district: Sberbank of Russia, OJSC CB Center-Invest, OJSC Russian Agricultural Bank. In addition, ATMs of these financial organizations operate in the city.
The city has the following health care facilities:
GBU RO Central district hospital in Aksai district, which has in its
structure a hospital for 9 specialized departments with a bed capacity
of 435 beds, an outpatient department for adults for 500 visits per
shift, a children's clinic for 250 visits per shift, a trauma center, an
emergency department.
GBU RO "Dental polyclinic" in Aksai district.
Secondary general education in the city of Aksai is
represented by five institutions: secondary school No. 1, 2, 4,
gymnasium No. 3 and lyceum No. 1.
Pre-school education in the
city is carried out by 11 children's pre-school educational institutions
of various types.
Additional education:
MBU DOD Aksai district
"Children's and youth sports school No. 1"
MBU DOD Aksai district
"Children's and youth sports school" Yunost ""
MBU DO Center for
career guidance and support of professional self-determination of
students (youth)
MBU DO Center for Creativity of Children and Youth
of Aksai District
Hall of Greco-Roman wrestling Samurgashev brothers
Aksai Sports Palace
MBUK RO "Aksai Military History Museum".
MBUK Aksai
district "Regional house of culture" Fakel "".
MBUK Aksai district
"Inter-settlement central library named after M. A. Sholokhov."
MBU
DO Aksai district "Children's school of arts in Aksai."
MBUK "DK"
Youth ""