/44229498515_dbdc304558_z.jpg)
Izhevsk is the 20th largest city in the Russian
Federation, a large administrative, industrial, commercial,
scientific, educational and cultural center of the Volga region and
the Urals, the capital of the Udmurt Republic. Forms the urban
district of the city of Izhevsk.
Izhevsk is famous defense
and engineering industries. He bears the unofficial title of the
“arms capital” of the Russian Federation, and the title of the city
of labor glory. In 2010, Izhevsk won the 3rd place in the Rosstroy
contest “The most comfortable city of Russia” in the I category.
The city was built up to the east of the large factory pond. On the south coast is the Izhmash plant, where nothing is visible from the city. On the eastern shore is the central square - a terraced rise from the pond, which overlooks the main city cultural buildings. The whole city is laid out with a square grid of streets, and built up with Khrushchev houses. Until the 1960s, there was little construction in this city, there were very few Stalinka, pre-war and pre-revolutionary houses. On the far northeastern outskirts is a car factory.
By plane
Izhevsk Airport is the only airport in
Udmurtia. The main and only operator of the airfield is the Izhavia
airline, which has its office in Izhevsk, whose regular flights can be
reached from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Perm and Ufa, on seasonal days from
Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Sochi, Anapa, Baku, Yerevan.
1 Izhevsk
Airport. ☎ (3412) 63-06-00.
By train
The main railway gate of
Izhevsk is the Izhevsk station, which provides transportation of
passengers and goods with other cities of Udmurtia and Russia. Also,
there are two railway stations in the city - Zavodskaya and Pozim are
located in the industrial areas of the city and serve freight trains.
2 Railway station st. Izhevsk, st. Friendship, 16.
By car
From Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Yelabuga and Perm along
the European route E22 (in the part from Moscow to Yelabuga it coincides
with the federal highway M7, in Yelabuga exit to P320 Izhevsk).
Also in Izhevsk, the regional highways P320, P321 and P322 converge,
connecting the administrative center with the cities of the republic.
By bus
3 Central bus station, st. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 134.
4
South bus station, st. Mayakovsky, 47
Trams and trolleybuses run frequently by Russian
standards and work well. They finish work early, closing flights leave
at 21:00.
Tram - the city's tram network has 12 routes, three of
which (No. 4, No. 8, No. 11) run only during peak hours. The fare is 27
rubles per trip.
Trolleybus - the city's trolleybus network has
10 routes. The fare is 27 rubles per trip.
The bus is the most
passenger-intensive city transport. The bus network has 38 routes. The
fare is 27 rubles per trip.
Shuttle taxi - 8 routes. The fare is
25 rubles per trip.
River tram - 1 route "Pristan Izhevsk -
Volozhka". The intracity route operates in the summer on the Izhevsk
pond. The pier from which the steamboats depart in Izhevsk is located on
Deryabina passage, near the dam of the pond. During the journey to the
Volozhka microdistrict, ships also stop at the Solovievskiye Dachi pier.
The fare is 86 rubles per trip.
1 Pier Izhevsk.
2 Solovyovskie
dachas.
3 Volozhka.
Taxi - The city has a well-developed network
of taxis. Large selection of both economy class and business.
Bicycle - A network of bicycle paths is actively developing. Currently,
there are paths along the embankment of the Izhevsk pond, along
Pushkinskaya, Kirov and Lenin streets. However, there is no automatic
bike rental, and the terrain in Izhevsk is hilly.
All the sights of Izhevsk and free mobile versions in English and Russian.
1 St. Michael's Cathedral (Cathedral of St. Michael
the Archangel), st. K. Marx, 222.
2 Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, st.
M. Gorky, 66.
3 Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, st.
K. Marx, 220.
4 Intercession Old Believer Community of Izhevsk, st.
10 years of October, 36.
5 Armenian Church.
6 Church of
Christians of the Evangelical Faith "Philadelphia", st. Labor, 19.
7
Mosque "Iman Nury", st. Petrov, 53.
8 Izhevsk Cathedral Mosque, st.
Azina, 240 a.
9 Embankment of the Izhevsk Pond named after the
architect S. Dudin. You can go to the north of the pond, where the beach
is, and trams run, but for some reason it is blocked in the middle by a
fence in which there is a passage through a hole.
10 Central Square.
An integral ensemble of the 1970s with a theater, a hotel and Vulykh
towers, a pedestrian zone descending to the pond without crossing with
cars. There are large playgrounds.
11 Tower of the Izhevsk plant. The
tower, which is visible from the central embankment, and therefore it
was shown in the Soviet newsreel.
12 Arsenal.
Izhevsk Pond.
13 Monument "Friendship of Peoples" (also used the
name "Forever with Russia"). 1970s pole to create a postcard look
14 Monument to A.F. Deryabin.
15 Mikhailovskaya Column.
16 Monument to Izhevsk gunsmiths.
17 Izhik (mascot of Izhevsk)
1 State National Theater of the Udmurt Republic, st.
M. Gorky, 73. ✉ ☎ (3412) 78-45-92.
2 State Russian Drama Theater of
Udmurtia, st. M. Gorky, 71. ✉ ☎ (3412) 51-22-90.
3 State Puppet
Theater of the Udmurt Republic, st. Lomonosov, 9. ✉ ☎ (3412) 68-09-89.
4 State Opera and Ballet Theater of the Udmurt Republic, st.
Pushkinskaya, 221. (Under reconstruction)
5 Udmurt State
Philharmonic, st. Pushkinskaya, 245. ✉ ☎ (3412) 43-22-29.
6 Theater
Young Man, st. Student, 7. ✉ ☎ (3412) 58-67-48.
7 State Circus of Udmurtia, st. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 136. ✉ ☎ (3412) 78-78-96.
8 National Museum of the Udmurt Republic. K. Gerda,
st. Kommunarov, 287. ☎ (3412) 52-64-77. 10:00-18:00.
9 Museum and
Exhibition Complex of Small Arms named after M. T. Kalashnikov
(Kalashnikov Museum), st. Borodin, 19. ✉ ☎ (3412) 51-45-38.
10 Museum
of Weapons Izhmash, st. Sverdlov, 32. ☎ (3412) 51-10-76. Mon-Fri
09:00-16:30.
11 Udmurt Museum of Fine Arts, st. Kirova, 128. ☎ (3412)
43-17-85, fax: (3412) 43-18-44. Tue, Wed, Fri 10:00-18:00; Thu
10:00-19:30; Sat 10:00-17:00.
12 Exhibition Center "Gallery", st. K.
Marx, 244a (Entrance opposite the Rossiya cinema). ✉ ☎ +7 (3412)
57-03-47. 10:00-20:00 Monday closed. from 100 rub. Exhibition Center
"Gallery" is one of the largest exhibition venues in the capital of
Udmurtia. Opened in 1993 on the Central Square of Izhevsk. Currently,
there are three exhibition halls working here at the same time.
The
main goal of the "Gallery" is the organization of art projects designed
to acquaint Izhevsk residents and guests of the city with different
types and areas of fine art. The priority task is to support and promote
the creativity of Udmurt artists. During the year, the Gallery organizes
more than 30 exhibitions.
"Gallery" takes an active part in city
and republican cultural projects. Today we are widely represented in the
information field of the city and the republic. More than 70 thousand
people visit us every year.
Museum of Izhevsk, st. Militsionnaya,
4 (on the territory of the Gorky Summer Garden). 10:00–18:00 except Mon.
Exhibition Hall "Pushkinsky", st. Pushkinskaya, 247. 10:00–20:00 except
Mon.
State Zoological Park of Udmurtia, st. Kirova, 8. ✉ ☎ (3412) 59-60-61. Mon-Sat: winter 09:00-16:00; spring, autumn 09:00-19:00; summer 09:00-21:00.
Summer Garden ((M. Gorky Park)).
Park of Culture
and Leisure. Kirov.
Cosmonauts Park, Votkinskoe sh., 118.
Birch
Grove (Goat Park).
1 Talisman TRC, str. Kholmogorova, 11. ☎ (3412)
32-03-20. 10:00-22:00.
2 TRC "Stolitsa", str. Avtozavodskaya, 3a. ☎
(3412) 90-38-21. 10:00-21:00.
3 TRC "Petrovsky", str. Petrova, 29. ☎
(3412) 93-33-15. 10:00-22:00.
4 TC "Axion", str. K. Marksa, 191. ☎
(3412) 56-00-59. 09:00-21:00.
5 Aurora Park shopping center, str.
Udmurtskaya, 304.
6 Flagman shopping center, str. Udmurtskaya, p. 255
☎ (3412) 32-03-21. 10:00-22:00.
7 TC "City", str. Kholmogorova, 15.
☎ (3412) 93-39-03.
8 TSUM (Central Department Store), str. K. Marx,
244.
Cheap
The location of the cafe is between the
trolleybus terminus Center and the amusement park.
1 Mom's
pancakes , st. Gorky, 84. 9:00–22:00. Pancakes: 80-100 rubles. Typical
provincial fast food offering pancakes with a variety of fillings, as
well as a modest selection of heated soups and wrapped salads. Clean,
neat.
McDonald's, st. 10 years of October, house 32v. ☎ +7 3412
655316; +7 3412 655317.
Bistro Russian pancakes, Kommunarov st., 281.
☎ +7 3412 782690.
Cafe Coffee-Seven, Krasnaya St., 133. ☎ +7 3412
780831. 10:00–23:00. Nice cheap cafe for breakfast.
Average cost
2 Pinta Pub, Wide Lane. 53 (corner of Pushkinskaya street) (Sigma
shopping center). 12:00–24:00, Fri and Sat: until 2:00. Hot: 350-400
rubles, beer: 140-160 rubles per 0.5 l. A network of beer restaurants,
strenuously (but unsuccessfully) imitating Czech flavor. On the other
hand, you can eat here quickly, satisfyingly and not insanely expensive.
There are several homemade beers on the menu.
Bistro U Nevsky,
Gorkogo st., 68. ☎ +7 3412 782929. 11:00–23:00. Delicious food and
karaoke.
Restaurant Kama, Gorkogo street, 72. ☎ +7 3412 781651.
12:00–24:00. Udmurt cuisine.
Cinema Cafe, Pushkinskaya st., 268. ☎ +7
3412 420000. 12:00–24:00. Good Japanese cuisine.
Expensive
Reader's Pub, Pushkinskaya St., 223. ☎ +7 (3412) 91-25-64. Mon.-Fri.,
Sun. 12:00-1:00, Sat. 12:00-00:00. In a central hotel. Reviews are
conflicting.
Coffee houses
✦ Literary coffee house "Cup".
There are too few books on the shelves to choose the right reading for
the evening, but there are notes and a pencil on every table. Cosy. The
menu has a wide range of sweets (cakes, pancakes, waffles) and a variety
of coffee, including brewed in Turkish with spices. There are also
savory dishes. The coffee house is also proud of the largest cappuccino
in the city, the volume of which reaches 500 ml, although, fortunately,
there is also an opportunity to order a smaller portion.
3 st.
Likhvintseva, 46 (next to the Government House). Mon–Fri 10:00–23:00,
Sat–Sun 11:00–23:00.
4 st. Krasnogeroyskaya, 28. Mon–Fri
9:00–22:00, Sat–Sun 10:00–22:00.
Night life
1 Zazhigalka, st.
Kommunarov, 236. ☎ (3412) 93-50-33. 20:00-08:00.
Cheap
1 Izh-Hostel, Krasnaya street, 131 (near the
Nevsky Cathedral). ☎ +7(982) 790-11-11. Clean, comfortable, central.
edit
2 Like Hostel, per. Northern, 50. ☎ 8(800) 700-66-27. Reviews
are contradictory.
Average cost
3 Hotel "Central", st.
Pushkinska, 223. ☎ +7(3412) 43-30-90. Standard double room from 2800r.
Expensive
4 Park Inn, st. Borodin, 25. ☎ +7(3412) 93-00-10.
5 Panorama. 3780 rub. A new large hotel on the embankment of Izhevsky
Pond in a Stalinist building (former vocational school)
Fixed telephones in Izhevsk have six-digit numbers
like +7 (3412) XX-XX-XX. Cellular operators providing services in
Izhevsk:
Beeline;
Megaphone;
MTS;
Tele 2.
The name of the city comes from the name of the river Izh (udm. Oӵ), on the banks of which in 1760 the Izhevsk ironworks was built and a working settlement was founded. The origin of the hydronym remains debatable. Presumably, the topoformant ij (yzh) could be used in antiquity as an independent word for a water source. Formant is found in the names of geographical objects of the Udmurts, Komi-Permyaks and other nationalities (the rivers Varyzh, Izhma, Izh (a tributary of Pizhma), the villages of Izh and Izhevskoe). Officially, the settlement was called at various times as Izhevsk Plant (1760-1918), Izhevsk (1918-1984, 1987-present), Ustinov (1984-1987). Russian forms were also used in everyday life: Izh, Izhevo; Udmurt: Izh, Izhkar (from Udm. Izh and Udm. kar - “city on Izh”) Ozhzavod (“military factory”), Factory; Tatar: Izh, Izhau.
The city is located in the eastern part of the East
European Plain, between the Vyatka and Kama rivers, on the non-navigable
Izh River, the right tributary of the Kama River. The main body of water
in the city is the Izhevsky Pond, created in the second half of the 18th
century, with an area of 2,200 hectares.
Izhevsk is located at a
distance of 1198 km from Moscow. Approximate distances between Izhevsk
and the largest cities of the Volga Federal District: Perm - 279 km,
Kazan - 390 km, Kirov - 426 km, Ufa - 341 km, Samara - 561 km, Ulyanovsk
- 576 km, Nizhny Novgorod - 786 km, Saratov - 1026 km, Naberezhnye
Chelny - 200 km.
Izhevsk is in the MSK+1 time zone. The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +4:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Izhevsk occurs at 12:27.
The climate is temperate continental, with short warm
summers and long cold winters. Average annual indicators: temperature -
+3.0 °C, wind speed - 3.6 m/s, air humidity - 76%. The absolute minimum
was noted during the period of abnormal frosts in the USSR on December
31, 1978. The absolute maximum was recorded in August 2021 — on August
21, the air temperature in Izhevsk was +38.1 °C. The warmest month is
July - its average temperature over the long-term observation period is
+18.9 °C. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of
-12.4°C.
The temperature regime of Izhevsk differs significantly
from the suburban area: the average temperature in the city is 0.6-0.8
°C higher. On warm days in the central part of the city, the air heats
up by 1.5 ° C - 2.0 ° C, and sometimes 7.0 ° C more than in the suburbs,
especially in areas with high-rise buildings. The greatest temperature
difference is observed in calm weather, when the air stands still and
the city is “not ventilated”, especially at night. The annual rainfall
is approximately 508 mm. The largest number occurs in June - 62 mm, July
- 58 mm and August - 67 mm, the smallest - in February - 21 mm, March -
22 mm and April - 26 mm. 56% of all precipitation falls in the form of
rain, 23% in the form of snow and grains, and 21% are mixed
precipitation (sleet, snow with rain). Southwest winds prevail in
Izhevsk, there are few calm days. Hurricanes, storms and strong gusts of
wind are quite rare phenomena.
The territory of Izhevsk is a hilly plain. The city is
located on three watershed elevations, with a general slope to the
south. Behind these elevations their names were established: Zareka,
Gora, Vostochny settlement. The most elevated part of Izhevsk is the
interfluve of the Karlutka and Chemoshurka rivers, where the Vostochny
settlement is located - 208 meters above sea level.
The southern
part of the city is low-lying, swampy in places. The lowest places in
the city are the valleys of the Izha and Pozimi rivers, which are
flooded during the flood period. The relief of Izhevsk, therefore, is
generally flat in nature with slight slopes up to 3°, less often up to
5°.
The first settlements on the site of modern Izhevsk appeared in the
3rd-5th centuries AD. e. It is to that period that scientists attribute
two fortified settlements, the remains of which were discovered on the
banks of the river. Currently, not far from those places there is a
sanatorium "Metallurg". The settlements belonged to the Mazunin culture
and were typical of the early Middle Ages: their wooden buildings were
protected by log walls, ramparts and ditches, as well as steep cliffs
descending to the river.
The second well-known monument of
archeology in Izhevsk, the Izhevsk burial ground, is located on Vshivaya
Gorka - on the site where the Palace of Children's (Youth) Creativity
and wooden houses now stand on Militsionnaya Street, at the confluence
of the Podborenka River into the Izhevsk Pond. In 1957, a number of
burials dating back to the 4th-5th centuries were discovered at this
site by archaeologists led by V.F. Gening. Later, the burial ground was
excavated by an expedition led by T.I. Ostanina.
Over time, the Izhevsk lands became part of the Kazan Khanate. In 1552, Russian troops stormed Kazan, as a result of which the Kazan Khanate ceased to exist. By 1558, the entry of the Udmurt region into the Russian state was completed. In 1582, the land in the lower reaches of the Izh was granted by Ivan the Terrible to the Tatar prince Bagish Yaushev. The owner Tatar Tersinsky volost appeared here. In 1733, the Yaushevs sold their Izhevsk possessions to the Russian diplomat of Tatar origin Alexei Ivanovich (Kutlu-Mukhammed Mameshevich) Tevkelev.
In the spring of 1734, in the Urals, near the right bank of the
Kushva River, a mountain with large deposits of iron was discovered,
later called Grace. For the extraction and processing of ore in its
vicinity, state-owned factories were built: Kushvinsky, Verkhneturinsky,
Baranchinsky and Serebryansky. The ore reserves were so great that the
established enterprises could not cope with its processing. The question
arose about the construction of additional production facilities, in
connection with which, on September 15 (26), 1757, Count Pyotr Ivanovich
Shuvalov, who owned the Goroblagodatsky factories, received permission
from Empress Elizaveta Petrovna to build three more ironworks in the
Kama region. For the construction of one of the factories, later called
Kamsky, land was chosen near the Izh River (somewhat later, Tevkelev
made a claim to it). On April 10 (21), 1760, under the leadership of
engineer Alexei Stepanovich Moskvin, the construction of the Izhevsk
plant and the settlement of the same name began here with the help of
artisans brought from the Goroblagodatsky factories and peasants driven
from the surrounding villages. Administratively, the village was part of
the Khlynovsky district of the Kazan province.
By 1763, a dam was
erected, and the Izhevsk pond was formed. Then the first iron (steel)
was obtained. Izhevsk steel appeared by smelting iron, brought from the
Goroblagodatsky factories. Its consumers were the Tula Arms Plant, St.
Petersburg, Bryansk, Warsaw arsenals and the Black Sea Admiralty. Among
the products of the plant were iron strips, bars and sheets, and later -
anchors and gratings.
On November 15 (26), 1763, after the death
of Shuvalov, Catherine II signed a decree on taking the Izhevsk plant to
the treasury to pay off the Shuvalov family debt. The petition of
General Tevkelev to the Empress for the return of the Izhevsk
possessions to him remained unsatisfied.
In the summer of 1774,
the Izhevsk plant was captured by Emelyan Pugachev. The rebels executed
the factory bosses, looted and partially burned the factory. After the
liberation of the village, production was partially restored, but due to
the lack of large orders, difficult times came at the plant.
Since 1780, the village was part of the Sarapulsky district of the
Vyatka governorate (since 1797 - the Vyatka province).
The threat of war with Napoleonic France looming over Russia at
the beginning of the 19th century forced the Russian government to
think about increasing the production of army firearms and bladed
weapons. As a result, at the end of 1806, a decision was made to
organize a new weapons production, and already on February 20 (March
4), 1807, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree, according to which he
instructed Andrei Fedorovich Deryabin, manager of the Ural
ironworks, including Kama, start the production of cold steel and
firearms at the Izhevsk plant. The place for the new production was
chosen by Deryabin himself, who took into account the raw material
base available here (metal and wood), the ready-made pond needed to
drive the water wheels that were part of the design of metalworking
machines of that time, as well as the fact that the Kama region was
remote from the western borders of the Russian Empire.
On
June 10 (22), 1807, under the leadership of Deryabin, the Izhevsk
Arms Plant was founded on the basis of an ironworks. To staff the
plant with qualified personnel, Deryabin invited more than a hundred
German, Swedish and Danish gunsmiths, as well as toolmakers,
blacksmiths, turners and other craftsmen to the plant. In addition,
in order to speed up the construction and development of production,
more than a thousand artisans from other arms factories in Russia
were transferred to the Izhevsk plant.
The development of the
architectural plans of the plant, as well as the adjacent
residential areas, was carried out by the architect Semyon
Emelyanovich Dudin, invited by Deryabin. On the basis of the plant,
workers and engineers were trained, a key role in which was played
by specialists invited from Europe. In parallel with the weapons
business, tool production was developing at the Izhevsk plant, on
which the quality of production and labor productivity depended, and
which was supposed to become an alternative in the absence of state
orders for weapons.
On January 13 (25), 1808, Alexei
Andreevich Arakcheev was appointed Minister of War. With his
participation, tool production was practically closed, private
workshops created on the initiative of Deryabin and supplying gun
parts to the plant were banned, and cooperation with foreigners
ceased. Deryabin was removed from the management of the plant, he
was replaced by Arakcheev's henchman Wilhelm Yakovlevich Sheideman,
who launched a fight against Deryabin's undertakings. On October 28
(November 9), 1808, the Izhevsk arms and ironworks were transferred
from the Mining Department to the War Ministry.
The masters
of the arms factory, having accumulated capital, founded their own
business. In the second half of the 19th century, private commercial
and industrial enterprises began to appear en masse in Izhevsk.
On October 9 (21), 1865, the plant was leased to the Association
of Industrialists. By 1870, L. E. Nobel and P. A. Bilderling were
involved in the lease. On July 1 (13), 1884, the plant was returned
from lease to the treasury. In 1873, steel production was organized
at the plant. In 1881, a new production was created - rolling. Since
that time, the steel plant has become an independent enterprise. He
supplied steel and semi-finished products not only to the arms
factory, but also to many other enterprises in the country.
In 1885, in order to avoid a reduction in weapons production in
peacetime and a decrease in its technical level, the Main Artillery
Directorate, to which the plant was subordinate at that time,
allowed the acceptance of orders for the manufacture of hunting
weapons from private individuals. Thus began the production of
civilian guns, which ceased in 1897 in connection with the
development and mass production of the Mosin rifle.
On March 5 (18), 1917, the factory activists decided to transform the
assembly of shop elders into the Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and
Soldiers' Deputies, declaring it a "legislative body." On March 6 (19),
1917, the backbone of the future Council of 30 workers, 4
representatives of military units and 7 from the rest of the population
of Izhevsk gathered. On March 7 (20), 1917, the shop elders finally
resigned their powers, 160 deputies were elected, and a full-fledged
Council of Workers' Deputies began to work. Since September 1917, the
Bolsheviks began to control the previously multi-party Soviet. The
newspaper Izvestia of the Izhevsk Soviet, which had previously been
considered a "non-party democratic newspaper", became exclusively
Bolshevik.
On October 27 (November 9), 1917, Soviet power was
proclaimed in Izhevsk, and in November 1917 the first "Charter of the
Izhevsk Council" was developed. On February 21, 1918, the Izhevsk Soviet
of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies proclaimed the settlement
of Izhevsk Plant a city. On May 28, 1918, the Bolsheviks dissolved the
Soviet and on July 21, 1918, all the leaders of the former Soviet were
arrested. On August 8, 1918, a massive anti-Bolshevik uprising began.
After bloody battles on November 7, 1918, Izhevsk was taken by storm by
the Red Army.
On April 7, 1919, Izhevsk was occupied by Kolchak's
army. On April 9, 1919, the evacuation of part of the employees and
workers, as well as the main equipment of the arms factory, began. On
June 6, 1919, the last assault on the city by several divisions of the
Red Army took place.
On June 10, 1921, the capital of the Votskaya Autonomous Region was
transferred from the city of Glazov to Izhevsk. December 28, 1934
Izhevsk acquired the status of the capital of the UASSR.
The
acquisition of the capital status, as well as the placement of large
industrial enterprises in the city, led to its rapid development. In
just 60 years, the population of Soviet Izhevsk has increased 10 times.
The territory of the city began to actively build up and expand,
absorbing neighboring settlements. So, only for the period from 1940 to
1988, 17 villages and towns entered the boundaries of the capital of
Udmurtia.
The beginning of the 1930s became a turning point in
the development of the city and the whole of Udmurtia. In 1930, the
first conference of Udmurt writers was held in Izhevsk, the Udmurt State
Philharmonic Society and the Theater and Art School were formed. In
1931, the Udmurt Pedagogical Institute (today the Udmurt State
University), the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature,
the Udmurt State Drama Theater (today the State National Theater of the
Udmurt Republic) were opened. On November 18, 1935, the opening of tram
traffic took place in the city. The first route, 5 kilometers long, ran
along Karl Marx Street from Vyatsky Lane to the Votkinskaya railway
line. As a result of rapid development, by the end of 1935, Izhevsk
became a major industrial center of the Urals.
In the fall of
1941, several defense enterprises were evacuated to Izhevsk. In June
1942, the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant was organized. The city-factory
during the years of World War II produced 12,500,000 small arms. In
1943, a new stone building of the Izhevsk circus was built for 1811
seats, begun before the war. The building was the first domed building
with metal structures in Udmurtia.
In 1948, the production of the
Kalashnikov assault rifle "AK" began at the motorcycle plant. The first
Russian motorcycle was assembled in Izhevsk in 1929, and in the summer
of 2009 Izhevsk motorcyclists celebrated the 80th anniversary of the Izh
motorcycle. On December 12, 1966, the first Izhevsk car rolled off the
assembly line. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of
the USSR of December 11, 1978, Izhevsk was awarded the Order of the
October Revolution. The award ceremony took place on September 7, 1979.
On December 27, 1984, at the initiative of the party authorities,
Izhevsk was renamed Ustinov in memory of the USSR Minister of Defense
Dmitry Ustinov, who had died 7 days earlier. Later, on June 19, 1987,
after numerous protests from the townspeople, the city was returned to
its former name, and one of the districts of Izhevsk was given the name
of Ustinov.
In the 1990s, a discussion began in Izhevsk about the restoration of
St. Michael's Cathedral. On February 11, 2000, a joint resolution was
adopted by the Presidium of the State Council of the Udmurt Republic and
the Government of the Udmurt Republic, which marked the beginning of its
reconstruction. In May 2004, the foundation stone of the future
cathedral of the consecrated cross was laid. On May 16, 2007, in
celebration of the Easter holiday, Metropolitan Nikolai (Shkrumko) of
Izhevsk and Udmurtia consecrated the lower church in honor of Faith,
Hope, Love and their mother Sophia. On August 5, 2007, the main altar
dedicated to Archangel Michael was consecrated by Patriarch Alexy II,
who celebrated the first liturgy in the temple in the presence of the
President of Udmurtia Alexander Volkov and other officials.
In
September 2003, a new circus building was opened on the site of the one
built in 1943. The first visitors to the circus were first-graders from
all over the Udmurt Republic.
In 2008, Izhevsk became the main
venue for the celebration of the 450th anniversary of the voluntary
entry of Udmurtia into the Russian state. On September 3, 2010, the city
celebrated its 250th anniversary. In the fall of 2010, a restored
embankment was opened in Izhevsk, on the banks of the Izhevsk pond.
In November 2011, the legal entity municipality "City of Izhevsk"
and its head A. A. Ushakov were awarded letters of thanks from the
Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation for their
significant contribution to the development of housing and communal
services and improving the livability of the municipality - a
participant in the All-Russian competition for the title " The most
comfortable urban (rural) settlement in Russia” for 2010.
On
November 29, 2011, the head of the Udmurt Republic, Alexander Volkov,
signed a decree conferring the title of "City of Labor Glory" on
Izhevsk. The capital of Udmurtia became the first city of labor glory in
Russia.
On October 8, 2015, Yury Alexandrovich Tyurin became the
head of the municipality "City of Izhevsk", replacing Alexander
Alexandrovich Ushakov at this post. The first issue of the meeting was
the election of the Chairman of the City Duma, Oleg Garin was elected.
On October 19, 2018, Oleg Nikolaevich Bekmemetyev became the head of the
municipality "City of Izhevsk", replacing Yury Aleksandrovich Tyurin at
this post.
In July 2020, Izhevsk was awarded the title City of
Labor Valor.
On September 26, 2022, there was a massacre at
School No. 88.
The municipal authorities of Izhevsk are represented by the city
duma, the head and the administration of the municipality of the city of
Izhevsk. The City Duma is the representative body of the municipality.
Consists of 42 deputies elected by citizens in municipal elections for a
term of 5 years.
The highest official of Izhevsk is the Head of
the Municipal Formation "City of Izhevsk". He is elected by the City
Duma from among the candidates presented by the competition commission
based on the results of the competition. The head of the municipal
formation "City of Izhevsk" is elected by the City Duma by secret ballot
by a majority of votes from the number of deputies established by this
Charter no later than 15 days from the date of submission of candidates
for the position of the Head of the municipal formation "City of
Izhevsk" to the City Duma. The head of the municipal formation "City of
Izhevsk" heads the City Administration and performs the powers of the
Head of the City Administration. The procedure for holding a competition
for the selection of candidates for the position of the Head of the
municipal formation "City of Izhevsk" is established by the decision of
the City Duma. The procedure for conducting the competition should
provide for the publication of the conditions of the competition,
information about the date, time and place of its holding no later than
20 days before the day of the competition. A candidate for the position
of the Head of the municipal formation "City of Izhevsk" may be
registered a citizen who, on the day of the competition, does not have,
in accordance with the Federal Law of June 12, 2002 N 67-FZ "On Basic
Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a
Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation Federation”
restrictions on passive suffrage for election as an elected official of
local self-government. The total number of members of the competition
committee in the municipality "City of Izhevsk" is established by the
decision of the City Duma. When forming a competitive commission, half
of the members of the commission are appointed by the City Duma, and the
other half - by the Head of the Udmurt Republic. The City Duma for
voting on candidates for the position of the Head of the municipal
formation "City of Izhevsk" is provided with at least two candidates
registered by the competition commission. The term of office of the Head
of the municipal formation "City of Izhevsk" is equal to the term of
office of the City Duma.
From 2010 to October 2015, Alexander
Alexandrovich Ushakov held the position of head of Izhevsk. By the
decision of the first session of the City Duma of the city of Izhevsk of
the sixth convocation on October 8, 2015, Yuri Tyurin was elected the
Mayor of the city of Izhevsk, Oleg Garin was elected the Chairman of the
City Duma. On October 18, 2018, Oleg Bekmemetyev was elected the mayor
of Izhevsk. This decision was made at an extraordinary session by the
deputies of the City Duma of the capital of Udmurtia.
The
executive and administrative body of the municipal formation of the city
of Izhevsk is the city administration. It is led by the head of the city
administration on the principles of unity of command. The structure of
the administration is approved by the city duma on the proposal of the
head of administration.
Izhevsk traditionally hosts the Day of the City, the festival "Wide
Shrovetide", "Red Festival", "Festival of Flowers", Udmurt "Gerber",
Tatar "Sabantuy" and other holidays. Every year more than 30
international and interregional cultural projects are implemented in the
city. The largest of them are associated with the name of the great
Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky.
In Izhevsk, in April-May, an
all-Russian festival dedicated to the birthday of P. I. Tchaikovsky is
held, as well as an all-Russian festival of arts "Zarni Pilem" ("Golden
Cloud"). In 2012, the international competition for young musicians
"Tchaikovsky's Motherland" was held. Izhevsk is hosting the
International Finno-Ugric Festival of Youth Ethnoculture
"PALEZYAN/Ryabina-fest". Since 2004, the "Red Festival" has been held
annually on the territory of the Industrial District.
Since 2010,
the international intercultural festival "Pariszhevsk" has been held,
which is designed to reflect the idea of a cultural bridge between
Russia and France. The festival was attended by musicians, cultural and
art figures, representatives of business and public circles, masters of
arts and crafts, culinary specialists from France and Switzerland; as
well as creative teams and performers from the Volga-Ural region.
Since 2010, Art Parade has been held in Izhevsk, which has the
status of a regional qualifying round for Seliger 2012 in various
directions. In 2012, broadcasts and musical performances were organized
in support of the participants from Russia of Eurovision 2012, which
gathered more than 1,000 people. In 2013, the First Summer Festival
"Fresh Air" was held in Izhevsk, aimed at holding cultural and sports
leisure, as well as outdoor activities. Well-known representatives of
Russian rock music took part in the festival.
In June 2012,
Izhevsk hosted the Second Festival of Contemporary Culture "Open City",
which consisted of six venues - the Central and Green Stages, the Jazz
Playground, the playground for board games, the playground in the tent
and the ecological one. In August 2012, the Second Izhevsk Music
Festival "Theory of Relativity" was held on the embankment of the
Izhevsk Reservoir.