Livadiya or Livadia

Ливадия

Location: Crimea   Map

Livadiya is a small historic settlement located 3 km South West of Yalta. It is famous as a former residence of imperial family who came to Crimea regularly. During WWII it became the official residence of three leaders Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt who came here to discuss post war World.

 

History of Livadiya (Livadia)

The environs of Livadia have been inhabited since at least the Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC). The remains of a large pottery complex, a medieval settlement with a temple and a burial ground confirm that people lived here in the Middle Ages. On the Khachla-Kayasi rock in Oreanda, the ruins of a castle of the 10th-12th centuries have been preserved.

After the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire, part of the land on its southern coast was distributed to the soldiers of the Greek Balaklava battalion, whose commander Theodosius Revelioti bought the best land from his subordinates, including Livadia. In 1834 he sold the estate to the Polish magnate Count Lev Potocki. According to one version, Potocki gave it a new name - Livadia (from other Greek λιβάδιον - meadow). But, most likely, this name came from Lambro Cachoni, the national hero of Greece, a pirate and colonel in the Russian army, originally from Levadia, a town in Central Greece. Kachoni bought in 1799 a manor in the town of Panas Chair (translated from Tatar - "sacred meadow") and named the estate after his native city. At the end of the 1830s, Pototsky planted a vineyard (the area of which in 1860 was 19 acres). A wine cellar was built and wine production began (in 1848, 2.5 thousand buckets of wine were received), two manor houses, a church, residential and utility rooms were built, a park was laid out on 40 acres, decorated with fountains and statues of the work of Italian masters, a water pipe was installed from sources located on the territory of the estate. By personal decree of Nicholas I of March 23 (old style), 1838, on April 15, a new Yalta district was formed and the estate turned out to be on the territory of the Derekoy volost of the new district. On the map of 1842, Livadia is marked with the symbol "small village", that is, less than 5 households.

In 1860, the specific department purchased Livadia from the heirs of Pototsky for the royal family. According to the project of I. A. Monighetti in 1862-1866 Pototsky's house was rebuilt into a palace.

According to the "List of Populated Places of the Taurida Province According to the Information of 1864", compiled on the basis of the results of the VIII revision of 1864, Livadia is Her Imperial Majesty's own dacha, with 30 courtyards, 140 inhabitants, two palaces, an Orthodox church, a telegraph office and a park with greenhouses at nameless springs. In subsequent accounting documents of the pre-revolutionary period, Livadia does not appear. On the three-verst map of Schubert of 1865-1876, Livadia of the Empress is indicated.

In 1868, an elementary school was opened in Livadia, in 1877 a second wine cellar was built. Since 1875, outsiders began to forbid travel on all Livadia roads, with the exception of the Yalta-Sevastopol postal highway, and in 1881, under Alexander II, all outsiders were strictly prohibited from entering Livadia. On October 20, 1894, it was here in the Livadia Palace that Emperor Alexander III died after a serious kidney disease.

After the establishment of Soviet power in the Crimea, in November 1920, the Livadia state farm was created on the lands of the former royal estate. At the end of 1924, the settlement of Livadia with a forest and a park was transferred to the resort fund, on February 20, 1925, a sanatorium for peasants was organized in the Livadia palaces, but the village does not appear in the List of settlements of the Crimean ASSR according to the All-Union census on December 17, 1926 in the Yalta region. Since 1934, Livadia has been the center of the village council (in which status the village has been for the rest of its history). In 1936, the Livadia state farm entered the Massandra winery, two branches were created - Livadia and Massandra. Since 1939, Livadia has been an urban-type settlement; according to the All-Union Population Census of 1939, 2,250 people lived in the village.

In 1944, after the liberation of Crimea from the Nazis, on August 12, 1944, Decree No. GOKO-6372s “On the resettlement of collective farmers in the regions of Crimea” was adopted, according to which 3,000 families of collective farmers were resettled from the Rostov region of the RSFSR to the region, and in the early 1950s followed by a second wave of immigrants from various regions of Ukraine. On June 25, 1946, Livadia was part of the Crimean region of the RSFSR, and on April 26, 1954, the Crimean region was transferred from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. On February 12, 1991, Livadia was part of the restored Crimean ASSR, on February 26, 1992, renamed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

 

Travel Destinations in Livadiya (Livadia)

1 Livadia Palace. ☎ +7 (3654) 31-55-89, 81 71 +7 (978) 761 81 71. July - September Tue–Sun 10:00–18:30, from April to June and in October open until 18:00, and in November - March until 16:00. The box office closes 1 hour early. 350 rubles, for children and students - 100 rubles, the price includes an excursion. The exhibition "My Story. The Romanovs" is paid separately - 200 rubles. Built in 1911 according to the project of N.P. Krasnova. The last building erected in the Russian Empire for the Romanov family. In February 1945, meetings of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the "Big Three" represented by Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin were held here. You can visit the hall where the meetings took place and the historic photograph of the meeting with the 3 heads of state was captured. You can also visit the Italian Courtyard. The palace is about 100 years old, and the garden itself was created long before the creation of the palace. From the territory of the palace a good view of the Black Sea and Yalta opens.
There is a permanent exhibition “My History. Romanovs. Initially, it was created and exhibited in St. Petersburg, and several years ago it was transported to the Livadia Palace. Exhibition of the so-called. "interactive", light boxes and touch panels are installed, short films are shown. An amateur exhibition: a kaleidoscope of loosely connected facts about Russia and the Romanov family is offered, going without any logical transitions between them. You can draw some individual facts, but you should not count on more.
2  Livadia park. Landscape park with regular elements. Located on the slope of Mount Mogabi. Monument of garden and park art. Founded at the end of the 19th century. The area of the park is 47.5 hectares. About 400 species and garden forms of trees and shrubs are concentrated on its territory, including sequoia, giant dendron, Lebanese cedar, Himalayan cedar, Atlas blue cedar, medicinal laurel cherry, Portuguese laurel cherry, Sabina pine, Pitsunda pine, Crimean pine, large-fruited strawberry, wisteria and others. There are several fountains in the park (including the Livadia fountain, decorated with Arabic script) and an 80-meter pergola entwined with roses, grapes and wisteria, which ends in an octagonal platform framed with Banks roses. Also on the territory of the park there are gazebos (Royal, Pink, Turkish). From the park to the sea you can go down on foot.

Oreanda
3 Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God (Next to the sanatorium "Lower Oreanda").
4  Arbor-half-rotunda (on the Tsar's path). Built in 1843-1852, simultaneously with the construction of the imperial palace in Oreanda. The Royal Path leads to the gazebo.

 

What to do

1  Center for Organ Music  , st. Baturina, 4. ☎ 35 67 +7 (918) 129 35 67. Concerts Mon-Sat 16:00, Sun - 16:30 and 18:30, duration up to 1 hour. Ticket 300 rubles. The building of the organ hall was built in 1910-1911, and originally the royal power station was located here. Subsequently, in 1998, the first domestic organ of this class and size was built here, and until recently it remained the largest in Ukraine. In addition to him, in Yalta there are two more instruments of the same author: in a music school and in an Armenian church. The hall itself has good acoustics, in addition, the international festival of organ music “Livadia-Fest” is held here annually.
2  Livadia beach. Pebble beach with old Soviet infrastructure. You need to prepare for it for a long walk down the Livadia Park about 1.5 km.

 

Getting here

The easiest way to get there is to take direct minibuses No. 100 or No. 11 at the bus station in Yalta, they then go through the whole of Yalta, you can sit there too. Go to the stop "Livadia Palace" (it is better to ask when to get off, because minibuses also go to the city hospital located in Livadia). You can get there by minibuses No. 35 (stop "Taxopark"), No. 15 and No. 9 (stop "Sechenov Street", the so-called "piglet" or "seven winds"), in this case you need to walk to the palace on foot 15-20 minutes away from Yalta, past the Livadia School and the Hall of Organ Music (the former palace power plant) on the street. Baturin. For lovers of long walks - from the stop "Spartak" across the river on the street. Volodarsky to the colonnade, then along the street. Kommunarov, 40 minutes.

In addition, the Sevastopol-Yalta highway passes through the village, you can also take an intercity bus from Sevastopol and get off at a bus stop before reaching Yalta.

By car, go along the same Sevastopol highway.

 

Transport

Passing minibuses go through the village to Yalta, but they are unlikely to be needed, because. the village is small.

 

Shopping

There are no bank branches in the village of Orenda, and ATMs can be found in the Nizhnyaya Oreanda sanatorium (owned by Rossiya and FIA-Bank banks).

Bank "RNKB", per. Baturina, 6 (inside the sanatorium "Livadia"). ☎ 8 (800) 100-90-85. Mon–Fri 9:00–18:00. The ATM is located separately on the street. Sevastopol highway, 2 (in the hospital).
ATM of Rossiya bank, Sevastopol highway, 2 V.

 

Hotels

Livadia
1  Sanatorium "Livadia", per. Baturina, 6. ✉ ☎ +7 (978) 79-99-737, +7 (3652) 709-111. Double room with amenities per block 1800 rubles, with all amenities - from 2100 rubles. It is located on the slope of Mount Mogambi, on the territory of the Livadia Park. Profile: the main one is cardiology, there is a department for the rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction; secondary - diseases of the upper respiratory tract and nervous system. There is a private beach with a length of 200 m, located 800 m from the far dormitory building (delivery by elevator).
2  Sanatorium "Chernomorye", st. Grape, 12. ✉ ☎ +7 (3654) 315-558. Double from 1500 rubles. Located near the Livadia Palace, not far from the sea. Profile: treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, cardiovascular systems, functional disorders of the nervous system.
3 Recreation and recreation center "Pogranichnik", Sevastopol highway, 4. ☎ +7 (3654) 315-452. Located in its own park near the Livadia Palace. Profile: treatment of non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system and functional disorders of the nervous system.
4  Sanatorium "Uzbekistan" (on the north-eastern slope of Mount Mogabi, to the center of Yalta - 8 km, to the village of Livadia - 4 km, to the sea - 6 km). ☎ +7 (978) 936-74-59. A ticket for at least 14 days - from 40,000 rubles / person. 7 bedroom and medical buildings, an outdoor pool with fresh water.

Oreanda
5 Sanatorium "Lower Oreanda", st. Dneprovskaya, 5. ✉ ☎ +7 (3654) 322-212, +7 (978) 071-71-21. From 2100 rubles / person, including accommodation, 3 meals a day, general therapeutic treatment, use of the pool, beach. Located in the Oreanda Landscape Park. Profile: treatment of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the endocrine, nervous, genitourinary systems, gastrointestinal tract.
Boarding house "Wisteria". ☎ +7 (3654) 276-576. Situated in a 27 hectare park. Profile: treatment of diseases of the nervous system, physiotherapy and balneological treatment. In 2014, it was transferred to the Federal Security Service in the Crimea, and after that the opening hours of the institution are unknown, incl. Is it even possible to stop there?

 

Neighborhood

There are two excellent walking routes from Livadia:
The route from Yalta to Livadia starts at the very end of the Yalta embankment, passes through Primorsky Park, Livadia Beach and ends in Livadia Park. For the most part, the route goes along the sea line, past the beaches and beach fences, and only the last third of its way it goes uphill, rising from the sea to the level of the Livadia Palace. The climb is more gentle than steep. The total length of the route is about 3 km, the road is paved.
The Sunny Path (Tsar's Path) with a length of 6 km 711 m was laid in the 19th century for the Romanovs and was a favorite place for walking the royal family. It starts in Livadia Park, right behind the Livadia Palace. It goes through the park, past the ancient white-stone rotunda, the Krestovaya rock, and ends at the former coastal house of Prince Golitsyn (now the Yasnaya Polyana sanatorium) in Gaspra. The road is fairly easy, with no elevation changes until towards the end, it begins to climb uphill towards Yasnaya Polyana. However, at this point, one can choose to "downhill" along the adjacent path, and so on. you will come to the Swallow's Nest. It can be a little tricky to find the beginning of the path - it starts a little below the palace, next to the chapel. At the end of the trail, you can take the minibus number 115 or 122 and drive back to Yalta.
The Skazka Zoo, the Glade of Skazok Museum and the Sea Animals Theater are formally located on the territory of Livadia, but it is easier and closer to get from Yalta itself.

The Uchan-Su waterfall is located on the way from Livadia to Ai-Petri.

 

Geography

It is located 3 km southwest of Yalta. The central districts of Livadia are located on the eastern slope of Mount Mogabi, in a southwestern direction from Yalta, the height of the center of the village above sea level is 141 m. The main attraction of Livadia is the Livadia Palace. The area of the village is 174.9 hectares. Alupkinskoe and Staroe Sevastopol highways pass through the village.

One of the warmest places in Crimea - see Southern Coast of Crimea. The climate is completely similar to the climate of Yalta - there are no significant differences.

 

Infrastructure

In the village, in the reconstructed building of the royal power plant, there is the Livadia Organ Music Center (the organ located in the building is the first domestic instrument of this class, created on the territory of the former Soviet Union and once the largest in Ukraine). There are a general education school, a boarding school, a children's plant. Medical care is provided by the Yalta City Hospital, located in the forest zone of the village. Shuttle buses run regularly between Yalta and Livadia. Also in the village there are: a post office, a telegraph office, an intercity telephone office, a bank branch, 7 shops, 3 restaurants, more than 10 bars.

In June 2017, in Livadia, on the territory of the Holy Cross Palace Church, a museum was created in memory of the family of Emperor Nicholas II. The exposition includes authentic photographs of members of the royal family, the state seal of Emperor Paul I, gold and silver breast medals, an autograph of Nicholas II's confessor, and much more.