Location: Crimea Map
Livadiya is a small historic settlement located 3 km South West of Yalta. It is famous as a former residence of imperial family who came to Crimea regularly. During WWII it became the official residence of three leaders Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt who came here to discuss post war World.
The environs of Livadia have been inhabited
since at least the Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC). The remains of a
large pottery complex, a medieval settlement with a temple and a
burial ground confirm that people lived here in the Middle Ages. On
the Khachla-Kayasi rock in Oreanda, the ruins of a castle of the
10th-12th centuries have been preserved.
After the annexation
of Crimea to the Russian Empire, part of the land on its southern
coast was distributed to the soldiers of the Greek Balaklava
battalion, whose commander Theodosius Revelioti bought the best land
from his subordinates, including Livadia. In 1834 he sold the estate
to the Polish magnate Count Lev Potocki. According to one version,
Potocki gave it a new name - Livadia (from other Greek λιβάδιον -
meadow). But, most likely, this name came from Lambro Cachoni, the
national hero of Greece, a pirate and colonel in the Russian army,
originally from Levadia, a town in Central Greece. Kachoni bought in
1799 a manor in the town of Panas Chair (translated from Tatar -
"sacred meadow") and named the estate after his native city. At the
end of the 1830s, Pototsky planted a vineyard (the area of which in
1860 was 19 acres). A wine cellar was built and wine production
began (in 1848, 2.5 thousand buckets of wine were received), two
manor houses, a church, residential and utility rooms were built, a
park was laid out on 40 acres, decorated with fountains and statues
of the work of Italian masters, a water pipe was installed from
sources located on the territory of the estate. By personal decree
of Nicholas I of March 23 (old style), 1838, on April 15, a new
Yalta district was formed and the estate turned out to be on the
territory of the Derekoy volost of the new district. On the map of
1842, Livadia is marked with the symbol "small village", that is,
less than 5 households.
In 1860, the specific department
purchased Livadia from the heirs of Pototsky for the royal family.
According to the project of I. A. Monighetti in 1862-1866 Pototsky's
house was rebuilt into a palace.
According to the "List of
Populated Places of the Taurida Province According to the
Information of 1864", compiled on the basis of the results of the
VIII revision of 1864, Livadia is Her Imperial Majesty's own dacha,
with 30 courtyards, 140 inhabitants, two palaces, an Orthodox
church, a telegraph office and a park with greenhouses at nameless
springs. In subsequent accounting documents of the pre-revolutionary
period, Livadia does not appear. On the three-verst map of Schubert
of 1865-1876, Livadia of the Empress is indicated.
In 1868,
an elementary school was opened in Livadia, in 1877 a second wine
cellar was built. Since 1875, outsiders began to forbid travel on
all Livadia roads, with the exception of the Yalta-Sevastopol postal
highway, and in 1881, under Alexander II, all outsiders were
strictly prohibited from entering Livadia. On October 20, 1894, it
was here in the Livadia Palace that Emperor Alexander III died after
a serious kidney disease.
After the establishment of Soviet
power in the Crimea, in November 1920, the Livadia state farm was
created on the lands of the former royal estate. At the end of 1924,
the settlement of Livadia with a forest and a park was transferred
to the resort fund, on February 20, 1925, a sanatorium for peasants
was organized in the Livadia palaces, but the village does not
appear in the List of settlements of the Crimean ASSR according to
the All-Union census on December 17, 1926 in the Yalta region. Since
1934, Livadia has been the center of the village council (in which
status the village has been for the rest of its history). In 1936,
the Livadia state farm entered the Massandra winery, two branches
were created - Livadia and Massandra. Since 1939, Livadia has been
an urban-type settlement; according to the All-Union Population
Census of 1939, 2,250 people lived in the village.
In 1944,
after the liberation of Crimea from the Nazis, on August 12, 1944,
Decree No. GOKO-6372s “On the resettlement of collective farmers in
the regions of Crimea” was adopted, according to which 3,000
families of collective farmers were resettled from the Rostov region
of the RSFSR to the region, and in the early 1950s followed by a
second wave of immigrants from various regions of Ukraine. On June
25, 1946, Livadia was part of the Crimean region of the RSFSR, and
on April 26, 1954, the Crimean region was transferred from the RSFSR
to the Ukrainian SSR. On February 12, 1991, Livadia was part of the
restored Crimean ASSR, on February 26, 1992, renamed the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea.
1 Livadia Palace. ☎ +7 (3654) 31-55-89, 81
71 +7 (978) 761 81 71. July - September Tue–Sun 10:00–18:30, from
April to June and in October open until 18:00, and in November -
March until 16:00. The box office closes 1 hour early. 350 rubles,
for children and students - 100 rubles, the price includes an
excursion. The exhibition "My Story. The Romanovs" is paid
separately - 200 rubles. Built in 1911 according to the project of
N.P. Krasnova. The last building erected in the Russian Empire for
the Romanov family. In February 1945, meetings of the Crimean
(Yalta) conference of the "Big Three" represented by Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin were held here. You can visit the hall where
the meetings took place and the historic photograph of the meeting
with the 3 heads of state was captured. You can also visit the
Italian Courtyard. The palace is about 100 years old, and the garden
itself was created long before the creation of the palace. From the
territory of the palace a good view of the Black Sea and Yalta
opens.
There is a permanent exhibition “My History. Romanovs.
Initially, it was created and exhibited in St. Petersburg, and
several years ago it was transported to the Livadia Palace.
Exhibition of the so-called. "interactive", light boxes and touch
panels are installed, short films are shown. An amateur exhibition:
a kaleidoscope of loosely connected facts about Russia and the
Romanov family is offered, going without any logical transitions
between them. You can draw some individual facts, but you should not
count on more.
2 Livadia park. Landscape park with regular
elements. Located on the slope of Mount Mogabi. Monument of garden
and park art. Founded at the end of the 19th century. The area of
the park is 47.5 hectares. About 400 species and garden forms of
trees and shrubs are concentrated on its territory, including
sequoia, giant dendron, Lebanese cedar, Himalayan cedar, Atlas blue
cedar, medicinal laurel cherry, Portuguese laurel cherry, Sabina
pine, Pitsunda pine, Crimean pine, large-fruited strawberry,
wisteria and others. There are several fountains in the park
(including the Livadia fountain, decorated with Arabic script) and
an 80-meter pergola entwined with roses, grapes and wisteria, which
ends in an octagonal platform framed with Banks roses. Also on the
territory of the park there are gazebos (Royal, Pink, Turkish). From
the park to the sea you can go down on foot.
Oreanda
3
Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God (Next to the
sanatorium "Lower Oreanda").
4 Arbor-half-rotunda (on the Tsar's
path). Built in 1843-1852, simultaneously with the construction of
the imperial palace in Oreanda. The Royal Path leads to the gazebo.
1 Center for Organ Music , st. Baturina, 4. ☎ 35 67
+7 (918) 129 35 67. Concerts Mon-Sat 16:00, Sun - 16:30 and 18:30,
duration up to 1 hour. Ticket 300 rubles. The building of the organ hall
was built in 1910-1911, and originally the royal power station was
located here. Subsequently, in 1998, the first domestic organ of this
class and size was built here, and until recently it remained the
largest in Ukraine. In addition to him, in Yalta there are two more
instruments of the same author: in a music school and in an Armenian
church. The hall itself has good acoustics, in addition, the
international festival of organ music “Livadia-Fest” is held here
annually.
2 Livadia beach. Pebble beach with old Soviet
infrastructure. You need to prepare for it for a long walk down the
Livadia Park about 1.5 km.
The easiest way to get there is to take direct
minibuses No. 100 or No. 11 at the bus station in Yalta, they then go
through the whole of Yalta, you can sit there too. Go to the stop
"Livadia Palace" (it is better to ask when to get off, because minibuses
also go to the city hospital located in Livadia). You can get there by
minibuses No. 35 (stop "Taxopark"), No. 15 and No. 9 (stop "Sechenov
Street", the so-called "piglet" or "seven winds"), in this case you need
to walk to the palace on foot 15-20 minutes away from Yalta, past the
Livadia School and the Hall of Organ Music (the former palace power
plant) on the street. Baturin. For lovers of long walks - from the stop
"Spartak" across the river on the street. Volodarsky to the colonnade,
then along the street. Kommunarov, 40 minutes.
In addition, the
Sevastopol-Yalta highway passes through the village, you can also take
an intercity bus from Sevastopol and get off at a bus stop before
reaching Yalta.
By car, go along the same Sevastopol highway.
Passing minibuses go through the village to Yalta, but they are unlikely to be needed, because. the village is small.
There are no bank branches in the village of Orenda,
and ATMs can be found in the Nizhnyaya Oreanda sanatorium (owned by
Rossiya and FIA-Bank banks).
Bank "RNKB", per. Baturina, 6
(inside the sanatorium "Livadia"). ☎ 8 (800) 100-90-85. Mon–Fri
9:00–18:00. The ATM is located separately on the street. Sevastopol
highway, 2 (in the hospital).
ATM of Rossiya bank, Sevastopol
highway, 2 V.
Livadia
1 Sanatorium "Livadia", per. Baturina,
6. ✉ ☎ +7 (978) 79-99-737, +7 (3652) 709-111. Double room with amenities
per block 1800 rubles, with all amenities - from 2100 rubles. It is
located on the slope of Mount Mogambi, on the territory of the Livadia
Park. Profile: the main one is cardiology, there is a department for the
rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction; secondary -
diseases of the upper respiratory tract and nervous system. There is a
private beach with a length of 200 m, located 800 m from the far
dormitory building (delivery by elevator).
2 Sanatorium
"Chernomorye", st. Grape, 12. ✉ ☎ +7 (3654) 315-558. Double from 1500
rubles. Located near the Livadia Palace, not far from the sea. Profile:
treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, cardiovascular
systems, functional disorders of the nervous system.
3 Recreation and
recreation center "Pogranichnik", Sevastopol highway, 4. ☎ +7 (3654)
315-452. Located in its own park near the Livadia Palace. Profile:
treatment of non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, diseases of the
cardiovascular system and functional disorders of the nervous system.
4 Sanatorium "Uzbekistan" (on the north-eastern slope of Mount Mogabi,
to the center of Yalta - 8 km, to the village of Livadia - 4 km, to the
sea - 6 km). ☎ +7 (978) 936-74-59. A ticket for at least 14 days - from
40,000 rubles / person. 7 bedroom and medical buildings, an outdoor pool
with fresh water.
Oreanda
5 Sanatorium "Lower Oreanda", st.
Dneprovskaya, 5. ✉ ☎ +7 (3654) 322-212, +7 (978) 071-71-21. From 2100
rubles / person, including accommodation, 3 meals a day, general
therapeutic treatment, use of the pool, beach. Located in the Oreanda
Landscape Park. Profile: treatment of respiratory diseases,
cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the endocrine, nervous,
genitourinary systems, gastrointestinal tract.
Boarding house
"Wisteria". ☎ +7 (3654) 276-576. Situated in a 27 hectare park. Profile:
treatment of diseases of the nervous system, physiotherapy and
balneological treatment. In 2014, it was transferred to the Federal
Security Service in the Crimea, and after that the opening hours of the
institution are unknown, incl. Is it even possible to stop there?
There are two excellent walking routes from Livadia:
The route from Yalta to Livadia starts at the very end of the Yalta
embankment, passes through Primorsky Park, Livadia Beach and ends in
Livadia Park. For the most part, the route goes along the sea line, past
the beaches and beach fences, and only the last third of its way it goes
uphill, rising from the sea to the level of the Livadia Palace. The
climb is more gentle than steep. The total length of the route is about
3 km, the road is paved.
The Sunny Path (Tsar's Path) with a length
of 6 km 711 m was laid in the 19th century for the Romanovs and was a
favorite place for walking the royal family. It starts in Livadia Park,
right behind the Livadia Palace. It goes through the park, past the
ancient white-stone rotunda, the Krestovaya rock, and ends at the former
coastal house of Prince Golitsyn (now the Yasnaya Polyana sanatorium) in
Gaspra. The road is fairly easy, with no elevation changes until towards
the end, it begins to climb uphill towards Yasnaya Polyana. However, at
this point, one can choose to "downhill" along the adjacent path, and so
on. you will come to the Swallow's Nest. It can be a little tricky to
find the beginning of the path - it starts a little below the palace,
next to the chapel. At the end of the trail, you can take the minibus
number 115 or 122 and drive back to Yalta.
The Skazka Zoo, the Glade
of Skazok Museum and the Sea Animals Theater are formally located on the
territory of Livadia, but it is easier and closer to get from Yalta
itself.
The Uchan-Su waterfall is located on the way from Livadia
to Ai-Petri.
It is located 3 km southwest of Yalta. The central
districts of Livadia are located on the eastern slope of Mount Mogabi,
in a southwestern direction from Yalta, the height of the center of the
village above sea level is 141 m. The main attraction of Livadia is the
Livadia Palace. The area of the village is 174.9 hectares. Alupkinskoe
and Staroe Sevastopol highways pass through the village.
One of
the warmest places in Crimea - see Southern Coast of Crimea. The climate
is completely similar to the climate of Yalta - there are no significant
differences.
In the village, in the reconstructed building of the
royal power plant, there is the Livadia Organ Music Center (the organ
located in the building is the first domestic instrument of this class,
created on the territory of the former Soviet Union and once the largest
in Ukraine). There are a general education school, a boarding school, a
children's plant. Medical care is provided by the Yalta City Hospital,
located in the forest zone of the village. Shuttle buses run regularly
between Yalta and Livadia. Also in the village there are: a post office,
a telegraph office, an intercity telephone office, a bank branch, 7
shops, 3 restaurants, more than 10 bars.
In June 2017, in
Livadia, on the territory of the Holy Cross Palace Church, a museum was
created in memory of the family of Emperor Nicholas II. The exposition
includes authentic photographs of members of the royal family, the state
seal of Emperor Paul I, gold and silver breast medals, an autograph of
Nicholas II's confessor, and much more.