Myshkin

 

Description of Myshkin

Myshkin (Мышкин) is a historic medieval town in Yaroslavl Oblast. Its name is translated as "Mouse" in Russian (mysh- мышь). According to a legend in 16th century Russian prince Fyodor Mstislavsky fell asleep on the banks of the Volga river. He was awakened by a mouse that crept on his face. At first he reacted angrily to a small creature, but once he saw a poisonous snake crawl near him, he realized that the mouse actually saved his life. So the mouse became the symbol of the new town.

 

How to get there

By train
From Moscow from the Belorussky railway station according to a special schedule by train No. 602 Ya Moscow-Rybinsk to the Volga station, then by bus about 20 km.
From St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara, by trains St. Petersburg-Ivanovo or St. Petersburg-Samara to Volga station.

By car
From Moscow along the M8 highway (Yaroslavskoye highway), in Sergiev Posad along the Uglich highway, the P104 highway, through Kalyazin and Uglich, then Altynovo, Sera.

From Saint-Petersburg:
Novgorod, Tver, Kashin, Kalyazin, Uglich, Altynovo, Seru
Tikhvin, Cherepovets, Poshekhonie, Rybinsk, Okhotino, exit to the right bank of the Volga, then by ferry across the river to Myshkin.
Novgorod, Vyshny Volochek, Bezhetsk, Sonkovo, Pishchalkino, Nekouz, Shipilovo.
From Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Kostroma by car through Bolshoe Selo, Novoe Selo, exit to the right bank of the Volga, then by ferry across the river to Myshkin.

By bus
From Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Uglich and Bolshoi Selo.

On the ship
Some sightseeing and cruise ships make a stop at the Myshkin pier.

 

Transport

An important means of transport is the ferry, which transports from the right bank of the Volga to Myshkin and back. The ferry operates in the summer from 6.00 am until the last flight from the right bank at 21.30.

 

Sights

Objects of cultural heritage of federal significance:
Presence places; late 19th century
Serebryakov House; late 19th century
The estate of P. E. Chistov; 1830-1850
The estate of T. V. Chistov; 1830-1850
Settlement (a monument of archeology); 10th-12th centuries

Objects of cultural heritage of regional significance:
Temple complex of Nikolsky Cathedral; 1766-1837
Zemsky district government; 1840-1860
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin; 1805-1820, designed by the Italian architect Giovanni Manfrini. It was built on donations from the townspeople, and the merchant Zamyatkin gave the most.
House of Litvinov; 1850s
House of Pozhalovs; 1850s

 

Museums

In Myshkin, there is a non-profit institution "Myshkinsky Folk Museum", which unites eight museums. Among them is the only Mouse Museum in the world, which contains a variety of images of mice: toys, dishes, sculptures, etc. In August 2008, the International Mouse-2008 Festival was held in the city for the second time, during which the Mouse Palace was opened.

In addition to the "People's Museum", the city has a museum of local lore (for which the names "Museum of Nikola" and "Kurov-center" were assigned), the Museum of Flax and the Museum of felt boots. There is also a school of applied arts, with a pottery workshop. Here you can make any pottery and paint it yourself.

In 1998, ANO "Center of Crafts" Myshgorod "" was founded with the aim of preserving and developing folk crafts and crafts, traditions of folk national culture and habitat, aesthetic education of the younger generation.

 

Etymology

It was first mentioned in the 15th century as the village of Myshkino. The name, according to E. M. Pospelov, is associated with the non-calendar personal name Mouse (recorded in Novgorod, 1545). In 1777-1927. - the city of Myshkin, later the village and the working settlement of Myshkino; since 1991 - again the city of Myshkin.

There is also a toponymic legend, according to which one prince (presumably Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky) lay down to rest on the banks of the Volga and woke up from the fact that a mouse crawled over his face. At first he was angry, but then he saw that the mouse had saved him from a crawling snake.

 

History

People settled in these parts in the Stone Age; on the site of the present Myshkin, until the devastating Mongol invasion, there was a fortified settlement.

Probably, in the 15th century, a village already existed here: the first written mention of it is found in a charter of 1605, issued to the boyar Danila Ivanovich Mezetsky for "a Moscow siege seat, for service and blood." But by the end of the 17th century, the village was attributed to the Moscow Chudov Monastery.

The monastery property benefited Myshkin: the village grew, many outbuildings appeared - barns, sheds, mills. However, in 1764, in connection with the secularization reform, the village was taken into the department of state economy and transformed into a settlement. She acquired the status of a city in 1777, along with a coat of arms in the form of a shield, “having a green field, cut into two: in the silver field, the coat of arms of Yaroslavl, in the other part in the scarlet field, the mouse proves the name of this city.”

By the 19th century, Myshkin had become a fair trade center. Merchants from all the Volga cities came here, butter, eggs and bread were sent from here to St. Petersburg. Fabrics, including linen, were produced here. The 19th century, followed by the beginning of the 20th, became the heyday of Myshkin: at that time, schools and gymnasiums were opened, a printing house appeared at the public library. The cultural and educational life of Myshkin was very rich: there was a pedagogical college, there were noble and sports clubs, a natural history museum and an art gallery, performances were staged in the drama theater, a local newspaper was published and the weather was monitored at its own weather station.

Timofei Vasilyevich Chistov - merchant and head
Chistov's father, the founder of the most famous and richest merchant dynasty in the city, was an Uglich peasant. At some point, he took up the trade in bread and moved to Myshkin. Chistov Sr. bought grain in the lower provinces and sent it to St. Petersburg on his own ships, the production of which he established right there. For his activities, Vasily Chistov was awarded an honorary award - the gold medal "For Useful", the right to be called an honorary citizen of Myshkin and to pass this title on to his descendants.

Timothy, continuing his father's business, increased the capital left to him by almost eight times. The Chistov families purchased several houses on the main streets of Myshkin, actively engaged in charity: they put the church in the cemetery (and next to it - their family crypt), one of their mansions was transferred to the city for the construction of a hospital in it. Now this building houses a library donated to Myshkin by his other glorious citizen, Fyodor Opochinin.

After the revolution
The city was partially flooded during the construction of the Rybinsk reservoir, then in Myshkin - already in the status of an urban-type settlement - pipelines, gas compression and oil pumping stations were built.

In 1927, the city was transformed into the village of Myshkino, since 1943 - the urban-type settlement of Myshkino. Changes began only after perestroika: in 1986 the village was included in the list of historical settlements of the RSFSR, in 1988 the name Myshkin was returned, and in 1991 - the status of the city. A huge role in this was played by the Myshkino local historian Vladimir Grechukhin, who was supported by many famous people, including Dmitry Likhachev and Bulat Okudzhava.

Since the mid-1990s, Myshkin has become a major tourist center. A complex of museums (the Myshkinsky Folk Museum) has been created in the city, including the Museum of the Mouse, the symbol of the city. Hotels have been built, historical buildings have been reconstructed. Myshkin is visited by up to 140 thousand tourists annually.

 

Ecology

Positive environmental factors: Myshkin is located on the left, steep bank (up to 10 m) of the Volga River, which provides natural ventilation and the absence of stagnant air zones, near forests - a source of air improvement and environmental improvement. In the north of the city there is a coniferous forest that can form a sustainable ecological environment. The city itself is dominated by the private sector, which provides a high percentage of landscaping (gardens) within the settlement. There are no enterprises with hazardous industries.

Negative environmental factors: stagnant bays at the mouths of rivers and streams flowing into the Volga; the Uglich-Volga highway in the west of the city, characterized by local emissions, chemical contamination of the soil and noise; ferry crossing with the movement of vehicles through the territory of the city; wood processing with the presence of wood waste; gas stations with emissions polluting the territory with oil products; compressor station KS-18 of the Myshkinsky Linear Directorate of Main Gas Pipelines of OOO Gazprom transgaz Ukhta in the west of the settlement, partially polluting the air basin; a poultry farm on the western border of the city; heating boiler house in the central part of the settlement; chlorination of drinking water at a water treatment plant; treatment facilities in the northern part of the city with the discharge of treated wastewater into the Volga in the city; deterioration and pre-emergency condition of engineering communications.

 

Economy

There is practically no industry on the territory of Myshkin. Not far from the city there is an oil pumping station and 5 gas compressor shops of the Myshkinsky linear production department of main gas pipelines (a gas compressor station owned by PJSC Gazprom), the total number of employees of which is about 800 people.

The city has more than 50 retail outlets and several catering establishments. The main direction in the development of Myshkin is tourism. Work to attract tourists and create a tourist infrastructure began in 1996 with the International Festival "Mouse-1996".

 

Engineering infrastructure

Electricity is supplied from the Myshkin substation 35/10kV. As of 2008, there are 34 transformer substations. The total installed capacity of transformers is 9.37 MVA, the average load of transformers during their own maximum hours is 80%. The total length of 10 kV urban distribution networks is 18.93 km. According to the design, 0.73 km are cable lines and 18.2 km are air networks. Distribution network 0.4 kV.

Telephonization is carried out by the existing automatic telephone exchange with a capacity of 1680 numbers; loading is 99.9%; networks are in good condition. Radiofication is carried out from a radio unit equipped with amplifiers; 1300 points; 3 main programs; the state of the networks is unsatisfactory. Programs are received from the Volga repeater and there is cable television, which allows receiving up to 30 programs.

The source of water supply is water intake from the Volga River 3.5 km upstream of the city in the village of Koptyushka. 95% of the population is provided with water from the city water supply, equipment loading is 95%. The length of the existing water mains is 5.2 km, the total length of street networks is 26.5 km. The water supply networks are in an unsatisfactory condition. A number of enterprises use water from artesian wells located on their own territory for their own needs[26]. Residential and public buildings are connected to the sewer network with a total length of 10 km. There are three sewage pumping stations on the network, the fourth, technological, on the territory of sewage treatment facilities. Residential one-story building (private sector) is partially sewered. Biological wastewater treatment. Release of treated wastewater north of the settlement into the Volga downstream, 6 km from the water intake facilities of the settlement. Wastewater treatment plants are overloaded. There is no rain sewer. Partially organized runoff of rain and melt water through the cuvette system.

Gas supply is carried out by natural gas according to a two-stage scheme: high and low pressure. There are 13 gas distribution points installed on the territory of the settlement.

Heat supply to the residential sector and public buildings is provided by the existing boiler house with a capacity of 12 Gcal/h. Fuel is natural gas. The length of the main heating networks is 21.5 km. The state of the networks is satisfactory. Some objects are provided with heat from their own boiler houses (fuel - natural gas) with a total capacity of 8.6 Gcal/h.

 

Education

There are four kindergartens in Myshkin (“Teremok”, “Rosinka”, “Petushok”, “Topolek”), a general education school, three institutions of additional education - the Children's School of Arts, the Children's and Youth Sports School and the House of Children's Creativity, as well as an institution of secondary vocational education - Myshkinsky Polytechnic College of the Yaroslavl Region.

 

Mass media

The Yaroslavl branch of FSUE RTRS provides reception of the first and second multiplexes of digital terrestrial television in Russia in the city (reception from the village of Volga and the city of Uglich, 21 and 57 TVK).

The only mass media in the district is the Volga Zori newspaper.

In the zero years in Myshkin there was a radio channel "Myshkin Says".