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Hotels, motels and where to sleep
Tikhvin is located in the eastern part of the Leningrad region. It is a large industrial city famous for its interesting fragments of the Tikhvin water system, as well as the famous Tikhvin Assumption Monastery. On November 4, 2010 the city was awarded the title of the city of military glory. On December 9, 2011, the stele “City of Military Glory” was opened on the square named after Marshal Kirill Meretskov. The population is 58,136 people. (2018).
Assumption Monastery - the center of pilgrimage, here is the icon
of the Tikhvin Mother of God. For non-Orthodox, the monastery is
most interesting for its unusual architecture: the Assumption
Cathedral (early 15th century), the Intercession Church with the
only five-pointed bell tower (1581), the Ascension Church
(1676–1679), the Tikhvin Mother of God icon (early 19th century)
Holy Cross Church (1871–1877, designed by Benoit). The walls and
towers of the monastery are well preserved.
The wooden gateway of
the Tikhvin water system is located to the east of the monastery.
Only the foundation of the airlock was preserved, but even this
fragment, built in the 18th century and completely made of wood,
makes an impression.
House-Museum of Rimsky-Korsakov - st.
Rimsky-Korsakov, 12
How to get there
By train
From St. Petersburg: direct
trains from Ladoga station in the direction of Vologda, by train
with a change in Volkhov (as of October 2014 on Fridays and Sundays
there is also one direct train)
From Moscow: transit trains in
the direction of Petrozavodsk to Volkhov, then by train or train. A
transfer to an electric train is possible at the Volkhovstroy-2
station, by train only at the Volkhovstroy-1 station. Between
stations 4km, buses run, including from 4.00 to 0.30 city bus number
2. Comfortable waiting room is only at the station "Volkhovstroy-1".
By car
From St. Petersburg: exit on Murmansk Highway M18 E105
from the Ring Road or Narodnaya Street, 120 kilometers along the
highway towards Murmansk, after the bridge over the Volkhov River in
the village of Yushkovo - turn right onto Vologodskoye Highway A114,
90 km along it, bypassing Kolchanovo and Khvalovo, a fork with the
Tikhvin signpost - 6 km.
You can also get to Tikhvin on the
P36 Lodeynoye Pole-Tikhvin-Budogoshch-Chudovo highway from Lodeynoye
Pole, Kirish or Budogoschi. On this road there is a section of a
grader about 60km long between Lodeynoy Pol and Tikhvin, maintained
in a satisfactory condition. At the same time, a section of this
road from Budogoschi to Chudovo is recommended to go around through
Kirishi and A115, since it is mostly a primer, which can be
impassable for cars without a high suspension.
By bus
From
St. Petersburg: from the St. Petersburg Glavny bus station
(Embankment of Bypass Canal, d. 36, metro station Obvodny Canal),
stopping point “RZD Transfer” (Ladozhsky railway station, metro
station Ladozhskaya), bus terminal Northern "(p. Murino, metro
station Devyatkino)
Transport
All the sights of the city
can be bypassed on foot, the distance between them, the station and
hotels in the center, 3m and 4m microdistricts is not more than 30
minutes of progress. There are buses in the city. Directions of
routes in the city center - through the streets of Sovetskaya and
Karl Marx.
Hotel, 3rd
microdistrict, 19 (east of the city center, near the southern bypass
road). ☎ + 7- (81367) -70-800, + 7- (921) -311-77-48. Double room:
2200 rubles (2009). A small hotel on the outskirts of the city. All
rooms with private facilities, breakfast included. The hotel has a
restaurant.
Hotel, 4th microdistrict, 7 (east of the city center,
Meretskov Square). ☎ + 7- (81367) -21-233, 20-088. Double room: 2000
rub (2009). A large hotel with a moderate level of comfort. The
rooms and the corridors are renovated, but the rooms have a minimum
of furniture, and the bathroom is inconvenient to use. Breakfast
(equally moderate) is included in the room rate. Free unguarded
parking near the hotel. The hotel has a restaurant (from 7 to 24).
Hotel complex, Novgorodskaya st. 36 (in the city center). ☎ + 7-
(813) -675-13-30.
The most criminal are the nightclubs Diplomat and the Orange Sky, and visiting discos in the district culture center is also not recommended.
The origin of the name is not known for certain. The toponym was first mentioned in the Novgorod third Chronicle under the year 6891 (1383) in connection with the legend of the icon of the Mother of God in the form of Tikhvin, Tikhfin, Tifin (according to various lists). The primary name is considered to be the river (modern Tikhvinka). M. Fasmer assumed the probable origin of the name of the river from others.-Rus. tikhy "quiet". Yu. V. Otkupshchikov, agreeing with this etymology, breaks down the hydronym as follows: Tikhvin and sees here the ancient Indo-European u-base. S. Rospond correlated the toponym with fin. tihkua "ooze". This version was considered the most likely by E. M. Pospelov. It is also assumed that there is a connection with the toponym Tver (known in the form of the river, originally the name of the river), regarding which there are hypotheses about Slavic and Baltic-Finnish origin.
The earliest information about the Tikhvin
Prechistensky churchyard, the settlement on the site of which the posad
first grew, and later the city, dates back to 1383.
The location
at the crossroads of trade routes connecting the Volga with Ladoga and
the Baltic Sea ensured the rapid development of the Tikhvin Pogost, the
predecessor of the city of Tikhvin. By the beginning of the XVI century,
it was already a well-known trade and craft center.
In 1507-1515,
at the expense of the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily III, the Italian
architect Fryazin and the Novgorod builder Dmitry Syrkov erected a
monumental stone Assumption Cathedral for the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother
of God on the site of the burnt wooden Church of the Assumption, modeled
on the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, which has survived to
the present day.
In 1560, by order of Tsar Ivan IV, the
Assumption Monastery was founded on the left bank of the Tikhvinka
River. The work was entrusted to the Novgorod builder Fyodor Syrkov, the
son of Dmitry Syrkov (executed by Ivan the Terrible). The timing of
construction was given special importance, so the tsar allowed peasants
from twenty volosts to be used in all types of work.
In one
spring-summer season of 1560, simultaneously with the Great Assumption
Monastery, the Small Vvedensky Convent, as well as two townships,
commercial and industrial settlements with a variety of residential,
economic and religious buildings were erected. The Assumption Monastery
was originally surrounded by a log-peaked fence. Later, by the middle of
the XVII century, it was replaced by walls consisting of two parallel
wooden log cabins filled with earth and stones inside. A covered passage
with loopholes ran along the top of the walls. Nine powerful towers
towered above the walls. Thus, an important fortified point was created
on the site of the ancient Tikhvin settlement, which played a major role
in the defense of the northwestern borders of Russia.
At the beginning of the XVII century, the Russian
state was experiencing a deep internal crisis — a Time of Troubles.
During the Polish-Swedish War (1600-1611), Swedish troops led by
Delagardi were hired to Russia by Tsar Vasily Shuisky to fight the
pretender to the throne, False Dmitry II. Russian Russians did not
receive the promised payment in the form of the Russian fortress of
Korela, the rebellious Swedes captured Novgorod in 1611 and, taking
advantage of the fact that an armistice was concluded between the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden in April for ten months, the
Swedes began to seize the Russian border lands of Novgorod — Korela,
Yam, Ivangorod, Koporye and Gdov were captured. During this
Russian-Swedish War of 1610-1617, on May 25, 1613, an uprising against
the Swedish garrison began in Tikhvin, organized by Leonty Artsybashev.
Tikhvin Posad was captured, looted and burned by Delagardi's
detachments. But the townspeople, hiding behind the fortress walls of
the Assumption Monastery, withstood a long siege and numerous enemy
attacks, and then defeated the Swedish army. The struggle of the
Tikhvinites ended with the expulsion of the Swedes and marked the
beginning of the liberation of Novgorod land occupied by the Swedish
invaders, which was continued by Peter I in the XVIII century to the
victorious end at the cost of the enormous efforts of the entire Russian
people.
In the XVII—XVIII centuries, Tikhvin Posad reached its
economic heyday. Handicraft production was at a high level here. The
products of Tikhvin blacksmiths were in particular demand. They were
bought not only in Russian cities, but also abroad. Tikhvin became one
of the points through which Russia's foreign trade was carried out, and
the Tikhvin Fair became one of the largest in the country. The
flourishing of trade and crafts in the XVII century contributed to the
growth of the posad, which spread to quite significant territories.
Since 1560, Tikhvin Posad has been in vassalage to the Bolshoy
Uspensky and Maly Vvedensky monasteries. Stone construction was carried
out only on the territory of the monasteries of powerful feudal lords.
In the Assumption Monastery in the XVI century, in addition to the
cathedral, stone Refectory with the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin
(1581) were erected. The Holy Gate with the gate church of the Ascension
and the chapel of Fyodor Stratilat (1591-1593), as well as the
five-tower belfry (1600). Stone construction in the Tikhvin Assumption
Monastery was especially intensive in the second half of the XVII
century, when all wooden buildings were replaced by stone ones. As a
result of these works, an ensemble was created on the territory of the
monastery, a historical and architectural monument of the XVI—XVII
centuries. In a significant part, it has survived to the present day. In
the XVIII—XIX centuries, the monastery buildings underwent some
alterations that changed their original appearance.
In 1723,
after a long struggle, the inhabitants of Tikhvin Posad were freed from
the monastic administration. Tikhvin residents received their own
administrative body, the magistrate, which submitted to the Novgorod
Provincial Chancellery. The settlement finally separated from the
monasteries only in 1764 after the decree on the transfer of monastic
lands to the state.
In 1773, Tikhvin received the status of a
county town of Tikhvin district of Novgorod province.
In the 19th century, Tikhvin continued to develop as a
trade and craft center. Its economic importance increased due to the
opening of the Tikhvin water system in 1811. Hundreds of Tikhvinok
vessels with cargoes sailed past Tikhvin from St. Petersburg to the
Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Up to six thousand ships a year passed through the
Tikhvin Canal. Many residents of Tikhvin worked in the timber industry,
on water horse-drawn transport.
According to the first census of
the Russian Empire:
TIKHVIN is a county town, 6420 Orthodox, 3032
men, 3557 women, 6589 both sexes. (1897).
Since 1918, the city of
Tikhvin and the Tikhvin district have been part of the newly formed
Cherepovets province.
Since August 1, 1927, the city of Tikhvin
has been the center of the Tikhvin district of the Leningrad District of
the Leningrad Region (since July 23, 1930, directly in the Leningrad
Region).
During the Great Patriotic War, Tikhvin was occupied by the troops of Nazi Germany (see Tikhvin Defensive Operation) on November 8, 1941. It was liberated by the Red Army on December 9, 1941 as a result of the Tikhvin offensive operation. Tikhvin became the first city liberated during the 1941 Red Army winter counteroffensive. Many architectural monuments were destroyed during the war years.
On July 19, 1945, the city of Tikhvin was classified
as a city of regional subordination.
In 1970, the historical
center of Tikhvin, with the exception of one street, was planned to be
completely demolished for the construction of a residential neighborhood
for employees of Tikhvin productions of the Kirovsky Zavod association.
The center consists mainly of wooden buildings. The Leningrad regional
branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and
Cultural Monuments and T. A. Slavin personally became concerned about
the news. That's what she said in the interview:
It would have taken
another three months or six months, and there would have been total
demolition. Realizing this, we quickly made an examination of this part
of the city at the expense of LOOOOPIC and proved that it would be
simply mediocre to lose it. And then the perfect fantasy began. The head
of the city did not decide for himself, turned to Lev Alekseevich
Koikolainen, chairman of the planning commission of the Leningrad
Executive Committee, who flew by plane to Tikhvin. They held a council,
I reported, and I was convinced. They believed me! And the title was
revoked! We have ordered a large project of security zones throughout
Tikhvin.
On July 7, 1962, the USSR Council of Ministers issued an
order on the construction of the Centrolit plant in Tikhvin with a
capacity of 60 thousand tons of steel casting, 90 thousand tons of cast
iron casting and 135 thousand tons of welded metal structures per year.
tractor casting - for the Kirovsky Zavod (in Leningrad) and Onega
Tractor (in Petrozavodsk) plants
The first concrete block in the
foundation of the steel and concrete foundry was laid on July 7, 1963 –
it is considered the birthday of Tikhvin Centrolite
On the night
of September 25, 1967, Yuri Abakumov's brigade conducted the first
smelting in a steel foundry.
In November 1968, the Resolution of
the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the
USSR "On the organization and construction of a branch of the Kirov
Plant in the city of Tikhvin" was issued
by the end of 1970,
after the launch of the frame shop, each Kirovets K-700 tractor coming
off the assembly line at Kirovsky Zavod already contained more than 3
tons of parts and assemblies manufactured in Tikhvin.
Since 1973,
the plant has been transformed into Tikhvin production facilities by
Kirovsky Zavod (TPO KZ)
In 1974, the Kirovsky Zavod TVET was
declared an All-Union Komsomol Shock construction site.
In 1975,
the factory produced a frame for the largest reflector telescope in the
world (until 2005) - BTA – mirror diameter of 6 m, frame weight of 30
tons.
Spiral chambers of the pipelines of the Sayano-Shushenskaya
HPP have been manufactured
Not only welded structures of portal
cranes were produced, but also consumer goods in large quantities –
swings, a manual meat grinder, a disk "Grace".
By the spring of
1983, the 250-thousandth Kirovets tractor was released from the
workshops of the plant. In 1987, a record production of Kirovets
tractors was achieved, which has no analogues in world practice — 23,003
tractors plus spare parts were produced.
The world's first
continuous steel casting line has been created in Tikhvin
The
number of employees of the plant has reached 22 thousand people
In the 90s, the plant was transformed into Transmash LLC and mastered
the production of motor and non-motor trolleys for all electric trains
of the CIS
Rotary snowplows made on the basis of the Kirovets
tractor worked in Antarctica
The first six-car VSM-250 Sokol
train was manufactured for the main line between St. Petersburg and
Moscow. during the tests, it reached a speed of 215 km/h. Transmash has
mastered the production of a rubble cleaning machine for RM-80 railway
tracks
There were DSK, PATP, two convoys, Trust-30, a dairy, a
new bakery, a hospital complex, 8 microdistricts, 7 schools, vocational
schools and a technical school were built
JSC Tikhvin Wagon
Building Plant (JSC TVSZ), a leading enterprise for the production of
new generation freight wagons in the CIS, was established at the former
Industrial Site. The official launch of production took place in January
2012
On October 24, 1974, Tikhvin was awarded the Order of the
Patriotic War of the First degree for his services to the defense of the
state, courage and heroism shown by workers during the war.
Since
January 1, 2006, Tikhvin has been the center of the Tikhvin urban
settlement within the Tikhvin district.
By decree of the
President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev dated November 4,
2010, the city of Tikhvin was awarded the honorary title of the Russian
Federation "City of Military Glory" for the courage, steadfastness and
mass heroism shown by the defenders of the city in the struggle for
freedom and independence of the Fatherland.
In October 2016, a
monument to the children of besieged Leningrad who died during the
evacuation in October 1941 was unveiled at the Tikhvin railway station.
The monument was unveiled on the 75th anniversary of the bombing of
Tikhvin station by Wehrmacht aircraft, during which it bombed an echelon
with children evacuated from Leningrad and damaged VSP-312.
See
also: The death of Leningrad children at Lychkovo station during the
bombing of a train with children evacuated from Leningrad by Nazi
aircraft on July 18, 1941 and the Monument "Children of War" erected on
May 4, 2005 at this station in memory of this tragedy.
Tikhvin is located in the south-east of the Leningrad Region, on both banks of the Tikhvinka River (Lake Ladoga basin), 215 km from St. Petersburg.
The city has a temperate continental climate. Due to the more easterly position, the average January temperature is almost two degrees lower than in St. Petersburg. On July 28, 2010, during the heat wave in Tikhvin, the absolute maximum temperature for the entire Leningrad region was registered, amounting to +37.8 °C.
Tikhvin Carriage Building Plant
TikhvinKhimMash
TikhvinSpetsMash
TSZ "Titran-Express"
Luzales - Tikhvin, formerly
IKEA Industry Tikhvin LLC, before that Swedwood Tikhvin LLC
Tikhvin
Ferroalloy Plant Tikhvin
Leskhimzavod Production Association
(produces rosin, resin, turpentine, coniferous extract)
Special
machinery plant Techstroymash
LLC Tikhmash (mechanical engineering)
knitting factory of casual and functional underwear Comazo
bakery of
the Petrokhleb company enterprises of
light industry
There are a number of shopping complexes in the city, including Galeria shopping center, Astral shopping mall, Zhemchuzhina shopping center, Gostiny Dvor (formerly shopping malls), Sadko shopping and leisure center, located in the center of Tikhvin. Many federal and local retail chains are represented in the city, supermarkets "Pyaterochka", "Dixie", "Magnet", "Patent", "Rainbow Smile", "Svyaznoy", shops "BURGERSCHUHE", "Rieker", "Dundee", "Zenden", "Gloria Jeans", "Kari", "LookBook", "Nevis", "LekOptTorg", "Pharmacor", "Norman", "Degrees", "Just", "Bukvoed". DNS electronics stores, El Dorado. There are customer service centers for Megafon, MTS, Beeline and Tele2 operators.