Tyumen - a city in Russia, the administrative
center of the Tyumen region and the Tyumen region, which is not
included. Forms the urban district of the city of Tyumen. It ranks
18th among the cities of Russia in terms of population. Tyumen is
the first Russian city in Siberia. It was founded in 1586. The city
is located on the river Typa, the left tributary of the Tobol.
Tyumen is an important industrial and cultural center of Russia,
the administrative center of the region. He carries the informal
title of the oil capital of Russia.
Visiting Tyumen for
tourist purposes is interesting as part of a more general expedition
to the sights of the Tyumen region. If we consider the city as a
transport gate for travel, then one or two days will be enough to
get acquainted with the well-preserved low-rise historical part of
the city, into which modern architectural objects are woven, as well
as to see interesting Orthodox churches in the style of Siberian
baroque.
The city can be conditionally divided into some
historical districts. These include:
Zatyumenka or Defense House in
the western part of the city
Tyumen Cape and the central part of the
city - 90% of public buildings are concentrated here
Zareka is a
territory in the northern part of the city across the Tura River,
consists of residential neighborhoods and an industrial zone, connected
to the center by 4 bridges and a ferry
Neighborhoods - a territory in
the southern and southeastern parts of the city behind the railway,
consists of residential microdistricts, 60% of residential buildings are
concentrated here, connected to the center by 3 bridges
By plane
The Tyumen airport is distinguished by a
rather wide geography of domestic flights by Russian standards: you can
fly to Tyumen from almost any prominent airport west of Irkutsk,
although these flights are not daily in all directions. Planes fly from
Moscow up to 10 times a day, from St. Petersburg 1-2 times.
International flights, in addition to resort destinations, are to
Azerbaijan and Central Asia. Since the time when the Khanty-Mansiysk and
Yamalo-Nenets districts were part of the Tyumen region, there have been
many flights from Tyumen to northern cities and towns, and if you fly
there with a transfer, you will most likely change in Tyumen.
1
"Roshchino" International Airport (IATA: TJM), st. Sergei Ilyushin, 23
(14 km west of Tyumen along the Irbitsky tract). ☎ +7 (3452) 49-64-50.
The airport terminal is new (opened in 2017), but not very large, the
arrivals and check-in halls are not separated. Before the security
control is more spacious, look for benches on the second floor. The
departure hall after the control is tighter, noisier and filled with
souvenir kiosks on the Siberian and Ural themes: the prices are
generally sky-high, but fox gloves are perceived as part of the flavor.
Of the food establishments at the airport, there are two Maksim chain
cafes, which at first glance are similar, although the establishment
primarily advertises coffee before security control, and hot food after
security control. In the check-in hall, on the way of arriving
passengers, there is also a coffee-to-go counter. Wi-Fi is available
throughout the terminal, and at least some of the benches behind
security control have sockets.
How to get there: there is an air
express bus No. 10 going to the airport. It travels from the bus station
through the city center (Square Nemtsov stop) and the railway station,
practically without making stops along the way. The bus runs from about
4:30 to 22:00, the travel time according to the schedule is 40 minutes,
payment is made according to the city tariff. Bus number 141 runs
approximately along the same route, but less often and with all stops.
The average fare to the center by taxi is 300-350 rubles. Mar 2018 edit
By train
There is one passenger railway station in Tyumen, which
is located in the central part of the city. It is located on the
Trans-Siberian Railway and is a key station connecting the
Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs with the main
railway line of the country. You can get to Tyumen by rail from anywhere
in Russia, where there is a railway station connected to the main
highways. The station receives and sends trains in three directions:
Western (Yekaterinburg), Eastern (Omsk) and Northern (Tobolsk).
2 Railway station, st. Privokzalnaya, 22. ☎ +7 (3452) 46-18-70. around
the clock.
By car
From Moscow: along the M7 Volga highway
(Vladimir - Cheboksary - Chelyabinsk), after along the P242 highway
(Perm - Yekaterinburg), distance 2071 km.
From Yekaterinburg: along
the P351 highway (Bogdanovich - Kamyshlov - Tugulym), distance 328 km.
From Kurgan: along the M51 highway (Belozerskoye - Isetskoye), distance
203 km.
From Omsk: along the P402 highway (Tyukalinsk - Golyshmanovo
- Zavodoukovsk), distance 632 km.
From Khanty-Mansiysk: along the
P404 highway (Pyt-Yakh - Tobolsk - Yarkovo), distance 906 km.
By
bus
There is one bus station in Tyumen. The main direction of flights
connects district settlements and cities of the Tyumen, Sverdlovsk and
Kurgan regions.
There are direct flights with major cities in the
nearest regions of Russia (Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Kurgan,
Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Ufa,
Omsk) and northern Kazakhstan (Petropavlovsk, Kokshetau, Karaganda).
3 Tyumen bus station, st. Permyakova, 9. ☎ +7 (3452) 50-05-93. 4:00
- 22:00.
The transport situation in the city is of medium
complexity. The greatest difficulties are caused by exits and entrances
to the sleeping areas of the city, during the morning and evening rush
hour, which are separated from the central part by bridges and
overpasses. Entrance to the central part of the city from the southern
and eastern sleeping areas only by overpasses (with the exception of a
detour along the bypass road) is due to the fact that they are separated
by the Trans-Siberian railway line, which runs within the city to the
railway station. The northern sleeping areas are separated from the
central part by a river, causing difficulties for cars, the need to move
through bridges.
Public transport
Represented by buses and
taxis. There are plans to launch a city train on the Trans-Siberian
Railway. The bus network is well developed, but there are almost no
dedicated bus lanes. In the morning, the use of buses that travel from
Zareka, Lesobaza and microdistricts to the center is difficult. The same
can be said about the evening hours for buses moving from the center to
Zareka, to Lesobaza and to microdistricts.
The main time interval
in which public transport operates is from 06:30 to 21:30. There are no
night flights, so it is recommended to use taxi services at other times.
The fare on buses and fixed-route taxis is 25 rubles (2018). Payment
in minibuses and buses is carried out to the driver or conductor at the
entrance.
Taxi
The network of taxi companies in the city is
well developed, and the time of car delivery under favorable conditions
is no more than 15 minutes on average.
Many taxi companies in the
city can be classified into segments depending on the cost and quality
of services.
Budget segment
Budget class cars of Russian and
foreign production. Basically, companies with a hired fleet of drivers.
The average cost of a trip within the city is 150 rubles.
Taxi
Olympus. ☎ +7 (3452) 55-55-55.
Taxi "Maxim". ☎ +7 (3452) 66-66-66.
Taxi "40". ☎ +7 (3452) 40-40-40.
Taxi "Lucky". ☎ +7 (3452) 56-55-65.
Taxi "I choose". ☎ +7 (3452) 72-72-72.
Comfort segment
Cars
not lower than golf class. Companies with their own and hired fleet. As
a rule, well-groomed and clean cars. The average cost of a trip within
the city is 200 rubles.
Taxi "Non-Stop". ☎ +7 (3452) 33-33-33.
Taxi Comfort. ☎ +7 (3452) 22-02-20.
Taxi "Auto Dream". ☎ +7 (3452)
45-55-55.
Business segment
Cars not lower than business class.
Companies with their own and hired fleet. It is possible to use
taximeters during downtime. The average cost of a trip within the city
is 300 rubles.
Taxi "First Taxi". ☎ +7 (3452) 50-08-00.
Taxi
Diplomat. ☎ +7 (3452) 42-42-42.
Luxury segment
Cars not lower
than business class. Only companies with their own fleet. Distinguished
by the highest quality service. The average cost of a trip within the
city is 400 rubles.
Taxi "Business Class". ☎ +7 (3452) 46-44-88.
Taxi SV. ☎ +7 (3452) 70-60-90.
Taxi Euro. ☎ +7 (3452) 73-33-72
1 Tura embankment. The Tura is
far from the largest river, but its embankment in Tyumen is one of the
most beautiful and well-maintained in Russia. The main multi-level, up
to four tiers, part is located from the side of the city center on the
right bank of the Tura and stretches for 3 kilometers. On the opposite
side, on the left bank, there is also a walking area - more modest, but
just as pleasant and equipped. The banks of Tura are connected by the
Bridge of Lovers, a cable-stayed pedestrian bridge that is brightly and
spectacularly illuminated at night: be sure to come here in the evening.
On the right bank, right at the embankment, there is the Holy Trinity
Monastery, one of the oldest in Siberia (1616), and on the left bank is
the Church of the Resurrection and St. George (1789), smaller, but also
pretty.
2 Tsvetnoy boulevard, the square of Pervomaiskaya - Lenina -
Ordzhonikidze - Herzen streets. Amusement park in the city center. There
are also many restaurants, including McDonald's, Sibirskaya Korona,
Planet Sushi, Mia's Pizza, PLOV, Tornado (Sportsbar), Em Sam, Yesenin
3 Square of Siberian cats. The name of the square is due to the fact
that in Leningrad, which had just survived the blockade, there were
almost no cats left, and the city was literally filled with rats. In
total, about 5 thousand cats and cats were sent from Siberia to
Leningrad.
Objects
4 Bridge of Lovers, Historical Square
(beginning of Lenin and Respublika streets) (stop "Museum"). Pedestrian
cable-stayed bridge. Young people like to hang barn locks on the railing
as a sign of "eternal love."
Guest yard.
The main building of the Agrarian University, st. Republic, 7. During
the Great Patriotic War, the body of V. I. Lenin was located here
(second floor, room 15).
5 Spasskaya
Church, Lenin St., 43. Built in 1790-1794, a monument of federal
significance. One of the most architecturally interesting temples in the
city. A mixture of Siberian and Western baroque. As a result of numerous
later additions and changes, it received a special image. It is
interesting to see the temple from different sides, each of which has a
unique view.
Trinity Monastery, st. Communist, 10. The first stone
building in Siberia, founded in 1616. Metropolitan Filofey Leshchinsky
and scientist Georg Wilhelm Steller were buried on the territory of the
monastery.
Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God "The Sign"
Bogorodichno-Rozhdestvensky Eliinsky Convent
Church of St. Joseph the
Betrothed
Michael Archangel Church
Monument to
St. Philotheus Leshchinsky
Monument "Farewell"
Eternal flame.
Museums and exhibitions
Regional Museum.
Museum-Estate of the
Kolokolnikovs.
Aqua gallery, Respubliki st., 26. 250 rub. adult, 150
rubles. children (2015). Exhibition of exotic fish.
Circus
Tyumen State Circus, Pervomaiskaya, 15. ✉ ☎ 46-16-11, fax: 46-26-33.
Tyumen City Philharmonic Yu. A.
Gulyaeva, Respubliki st., 34. ☎ +7(3452) 46-43-88. The organ of the
German company Schuke is installed in the chamber music hall.
Characteristics of the organ: 396 pipes made of precious metals and
mahogany, 8 registers, 2 manuals, foot keyboard, sound frequency range
from 32 to 15.5 thousand hertz. For better sound quality, the suspended
ceiling and walls were finished with plasterboard with a density of 28
kg / m2 with deep niches in the walls, similar to window openings. The
wall behind the organ and the floor covering of the hall are made of
wood.
Leisure
Go skiing on the Voroninskiye Gorki (GAU TO
"Center for Sports and Recreation" Voroninskiye Gorki "), February
Avenue, 9. ☎ (3452) 695-159. Three tracks with a total length of 2000 m,
height difference - 50 m. Each track is equipped with a drag lift.
Tubing track, ice skating rink 18×87 m, snowboard park with figures for
jibbing. In the evening, the slopes are illuminated. Rental of ski
equipment, snowboards, sleds, snow tubing.
Fly in a balloon or
paragliding (Tyumen paragliding club), st. Montazhnikov, 1/4 (second
floor). ☎ 8-9088-732-232.
Visit the excavations on Lake Andreevsky
(Archaeological Museum-Reserve on Lake Andreevsky), 23 km of the
Yalutorovsky tract. ☎ (3452) 722-055. 10:00-17:00. Master class on the
use of protective equipment of ancient Siberian warriors, on the basics
of fencing, archery.
Fishing, hunting or picking mushrooms.
Go
sailing or ride a snowmobile at the Rubin Yacht Club, 16 km of the
Yalutorovsky tract, Lake. Andreevskoe. ☎ (3452) 54-60-33,
8-919-929-54-93
Large shopping centers
"Tyumen TSUM" (Ordzhonikidze
str., 63a)
"Green Beach" (ul. Alebashevskaya, 19)
"Continent"
(118, Chervishevsky street)
"Lenta" (ul. Melnikaite, 139)
"Magnat"
(ul. 30 let Pobedy, 7/5)
"Beryozka" (ul. 30 let Pobedy, 7)
"Moscow" (ul. Respubliki, 43)
"New Passage" (ul. Sovetskaya, 54)
"Shirotny" (ul. Shirotnaya, 80)
hypermarket "Yuzhny" (ul. Melnikaite,
137)
"Bright Sibiryak" (ul. Aleksandra Logunova, 5a)
"METRO Cash &
Carry" (ul. Melnikaite, 141)
"Ashan" (Dmitry Mendeleeva street, 1)
"Leroy Merlin" (ul. Dmitriy Mendeleeva, 1)
"Kukuruza" (Str. 30 let
Pobedy, 91a)
"O KEY" (ul. Shirotnaya, 199)
"Assol" (ul.
Shirotnaya, 81a)
"Europe" (Str. Nikolay Chaplin, 90)
"Arbat"
(Nikolaya Chaplina str., 115a)
"Malakhit" (ul. Respubliki, 200)
"Magnit" (ul. Odesskaya, 31)
"Rental" (ul. Herzena, 103)
"Central
Shopping Center" (Hertsena str., 97)
"Matrix" (Permyakova street, 7b)
"Metelitsa" (ul. Olimpiyskaya, 6)
"Monetka Shopping Center"
(Shirotnaya str., 108)
"Katran" (ul. Respubliki, 219a)
"Yarmarka
shopping center" (Permyakova street, 9a)
Shopping and
entertainment centers
"Goodwin" (ul. Maksima Gorko, 70)
"Columb"
(ul. Moskovskii Trakt, 118)
"PA-NA-MA" (ul. 2nd Lugovaya, 30)
"Premier" (ul. 50 let VLKSM, 63)
"Favorite" (ul. Valerii Gnarovskoy,
12)
"Diamond hand" (30 let Pobedy str., 91)
"Giraffe" (ul.
Aleksandra Logunova, 3/1)
"Solnechny" (Permyakova street, 50b)
"Crystal" (ul. Dmitriy Mendeleeva, 1)
Large indoor markets
"Bloshinka" (Str. 120 Moskovskii Trakt, 2)
"Port" (ul. Melnikaite,
126/2)
"Privoz" (ul. Respubliki, 200a/1)
"Suburban" (Str.
Energetikov, 66)
"Severny" (Druzhby St., 159a)
"Sibiryak" (ul.
Aleksandra Logunova, 5)
"Tyumensky" (ul. Melnikaite, 126/3)
"Mikhailovsky" (ul. Fedyuninskogo, 55)
"A-mega" (ul. Fedyuninskogo,
49)
"Yuzhny" (Nikolai Chaplin, 122)
"Central" (Hertsena St., 95)
"Orion" (ul. Fedyuninskogo, 43)
рынок на минской., ул. holodilnaya,
ul. kotovskogo, ul. Minsk (bus #1,19,49.).
It is not difficult to eat in Tyumen, there are enough
establishments in the city for every taste and budget. A large number of
restaurants belong to chains, of which there are several in the city. A
sufficient number of restaurants focused on national cuisines are
striking.
Tyumen people like to sit in restaurants, so in the
evening and weekends it is better to book tables in advance.
Cheap
Classic canteens at enterprises and organizations allow you to
dine within 150 rubles, but finding them is an obvious problem. An
alternative is round-the-clock or daytime cookery (for example, the
Kapriz chain) in which there are several tables, and salads, main
courses and pastries are offered to choose from.
Canteen TSU
(FilFak) is cheap and very tasty. Opening hours from 11 to 3. A check
with 1-2-3 dishes and fruit rolls up to 120 rubles.
Fast food
Fast food food courts can be found in every major mall. Others are
scattered around the city in the center or close to higher education
institutions.
McDonalds.
KFC.
Subway.
Burger King.
Average cost
Restaurant of Russian cuisine "Gosudarev" (Komsomolskaya
st., 19) http://gosudareff.ru/
Restaurant "Uzbechka", Perekopskaya st., 4a.
Shinok "Cart",
Melnikayte st., 100. The average bill is 1000-1500 rubles. An
inconspicuous restaurant of Ukrainian cuisine, located in the basement.
Interesting atmosphere in the national style with original names on the
menu and paintings on the walls.
Georgian restaurant "Katso".
Expensive
Restaurant Ermolaev (Kirova, 37 / Lenina, 37)
Family
restaurant of Russian cuisine "Maksimych", st. 50 years of October,
d.52. average bill 1500-2000 rubles. Interesting authentic dishes and
surroundings. Merchant interiors in a massive log house. A place where
you can come with friends and children to celebrate family holidays, a
place where the Russian soul can unfold. The quality of service is
confirmed by the price level.
Night club "Mirage" (st. Permyakova, 52, building 1) Night club "Coyote Club" (st. Permyakova 35, building 1) Night club "Pyramid" (st. Chervishevsky tract, 3) Night Club "Galaktika" (st. Respubliki , 181) Night Club "GAREM" (Respubliki st. 250,/1) Night Club "Gorky house" (Maxim Gorky st., 44 building 3) Night Club "Mango-Tango" (Maxim Gorky st., 44 building 3 - 1st floor ) Night Club "Paris" (st. Internatsionalnaya, 3) Night Club "ARTek" (st. Volodarskogo, 14 - 3rd floor) Night Club "Decolte" (st. Nikolay Fedorov, 9 - Green House Hotel) Night Club "G, Men's Club" (Melnikaite St., 124) Night Club "Madame de Pompadour" (Nikolai Fedorov St., 9 - Green House Hotel) Night Club "OPIUM" (Dzerzhinsky St., 38 - entrance from Dzerzhinsky St.) Night Club " Stars" (Melnikayte st., 137 - Yuzhny hypermarket) Night Club "Zazhigalka" (UL. 50 let Oktyabrya, 10)
Cheap
Hostel "At grandfather Lenin's", Tyumen, st.
Vodoprovodnaya, 36 building 2.
Average cost
Savalan, Moskovsky
Trakt, 120 (white and blue building). from 3000. Excellent hotel on the
outskirts. Clean, nice. By local standards 3 stars, by world standards
1-2* Good but expensive restaurant (bill from 700 rubles). Near a large
shopping center "Columbus", you can have a bite to eat there. 15 min to
the airport. Standard room from 3000 rubles
Hotel "Vostok" *** ,
st. Republic, 159 (located in the central part of the city, 17 km to the
airport, 4.8 km to the railway station, 2.6 km to the bus station). The
largest hotel in Tyumen, built in 1973, is located in an 8-storey
building. 390 rooms: 227 single rooms, 112 double rooms, 35 "comfort",
14 "business", 2 rooms for people with disabilities; two conference
rooms, a restaurant. Museum exhibits that tell about the history of the
region deserve attention in the halls of the hotel. In 2014, the
shooting of the Tyumen sitcom "Reception" began in the hotel.
Expensive
Spasskaya Hotel (Best Western Plus), Lenina St., 2a, Block
B. ☎ +7 (3452) 55-00-08, 8-800-700-55-08. High-tech equipment of the
rooms, interesting interior design, convenient location in the
historical center (that is, exactly where the city was founded).
Hotel "Tyumen".
Telephone code of the city of Tyumen +7 3452
There are several versions about the origin of the
city's name:
From the Turkic word meaning 10 thousand. Academician
G.F. Miller cites a Tatar legend about a local prince who either had
such a number of subjects, or could put up a tumen of warriors, or
filled all the Tyumen ravines with his cattle, and so 10,000 heads were
accumulated;
According to another version, from the Tatar words "chu"
(property) and "mian" (I). In other words, the name should be translated
as "my property";
There is also an opinion that the name of the city
can somehow be associated with Tumen Khan (490-552), the founder of the
Turkic Khaganate.
Tyumen is located in the south of Western Siberia, in the Asian part of Russia, on both banks of the Tura River, the left tributary of the Tobol. 205 km to Kurgan, 325 km to Yekaterinburg, 246 km to Tobolsk, 437 km to Chelyabinsk and 625 km to Omsk. The distance to Moscow is 2163 km, to St. Petersburg - 2555 km. Geographical coordinates: 57°15′ north latitude, 65°54′ east longitude (entrance to the main post office), height above sea level - from 48.52 meters (zero mark of the water gauge in the Tura River) to 121 meters (near the Roschino airport) .
Tyumen is in the MSK+2 time zone. The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +5:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Tyumen occurs at 12:43
The climate, according to general characteristics, is continental, (transitional from temperate continental to sharply continental). The average January temperature is -15 °C, the minimum temperature -49.2 °C was recorded on December 26, 1958. The number of days with stable frosts is up to 130. The average July temperature is +18.8 °C, the maximum summer temperature is +38.0 °C was recorded on July 1, 2021. There is little rainfall, on average 480 mm per year, mainly in summer. Extremely abrupt change of weather is characteristic.
The first mention of the coat of arms of the city of
Tyumen dates back to 1635. It depicted a fox and a beaver. In the 1900
edition “Coats of arms of cities, provinces, regions and towns of the
Russian Empire, included in the complete Collection of Laws from 1649 to
1900”, the coat of arms is described as follows: in the upper part there
are symbols of the Tobolsk governorship: in blue (1587), azure (1729)
field "a golden pyramid with military fittings, with red banners, drums
and halberds." In the lower part - "in a blue field there is a silver
river with a plank sailing along it with a golden mast: as a sign that
navigation along the rivers of all Siberia begins from this city."
The coat of arms of Tyumen that exists today was created in 1785. As
a symbol of the city, it reappears in 1993. The official symbols of
Tyumen, the coat of arms and the flag, as well as the procedure for
their use, were approved by the decision of the Tyumen City Duma on
April 28, 2005, after which they were approved by the Heraldic Council
under the President of the Russian Federation and entered into the State
Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation.
On the modern
official coat of arms of Tyumen in an azure field on a silver lowered
wavy belt, a golden, sailing vessel (plank) is depicted with a mast
without sails, a rudder and weathercocks with two pigtails: one is on
the mast, the other is on the bow of the vessel. The shield is crowned
with a gold tower crown with five teeth, complemented at the bottom with
a gold laurel wreath.
The shield is held by black beavers and
foxes with silver eyes and fangs, standing on a golden trophy consisting
of halberds, banners, drums with a round shield in the middle. The motto
"From this city begins" is inscribed in silver on an azure ribbon.
The coat of arms exists in three equal versions that have the same
legal and representative status: the coat of arms is full, medium (with
a crown) and small.
The flag is a rectangular panel with a ratio
of height to length of 2:3. It consists of three horizontal bands of
blue (top), white (center), and blue. On the upper blue stripe, near the
flagpole, there is a figure from the coat of arms of the city of Tyumen
- a yellow ship with a mast without sails, a rudder and two weathercocks
on the mast and on the bow.
The Cossack ataman Yermak Timofeyevich annexed the Tyumen area,
originally part of the Siberia Khanate, to the Tsardom of Russia in
1585. Both capitals of Siberia Khanate, Sibir/Qashliq and
Tyumen/Chimgi-Tura (the capital in the 15th century), were
completely destroyed. Sibir was never restored, while it gave its
name to all concurrent and future lands, annexed in the Northern
Asia by Moscow state, but town Tyumen was later founded again. On
July 29, 1586, Tsar Feodor I ordered two regional commanders, Vasily
Borisov-Sukin and Ivan Myasnoy, to construct a fortress on the site
of the former Siberian Tatar town of Chingi-Tura ("city of
Chingis"), also known as Tyumen, from the Turkish and Mongol word
for "ten thousand" – tumen.
Tyumen stood on the "Tyumen
Portage", part of the historical trade route between Central Asia
and the Volga region. Various South Siberian nomads had continuously
contested control of the portage in the preceding centuries. As a
result, Siberian Tatar and Kalmyk raiders often attacked early
Russian settlers. The military situation meant that streltsy and
Cossack garrisons stationed in the town predominated in the
population of Tyumen until the mid-17th century. As the area became
less restive, the town began to take on a less military character.
By the beginning of the 18th century Tyumen had developed into
an important center of trade between Siberia and China in the east
and Central Russia in the west. Tyumen had also become an important
industrial center, known for leather-goods makers, blacksmiths, and
other craftsmen. In 1763, 7,000 people were recorded as living in
the town.
In the 19th century the town's development
continued. In 1836, the first steam boat in Siberia was built in
Tyumen. In 1862, the telegraph came to the town, and in 1864 the
first water mains were laid. Further prosperity came to Tyumen after
the construction, in 1885, of the Trans-Siberian Railway. For some
years, Tyumen was Russia's easternmost railhead, and the site of
transhipment of cargoes between the railway and the cargo boats
plying the Tura, Tobol, Irtysh, and Ob Rivers.
By the end of
the 19th century Tyumen's population exceeded 30,000, surpassing
that of its northern rival Tobolsk, and beginning a process whereby
Tyumen gradually eclipsed the former regional capital. The growth of
Tyumen culminated on August 14, 1944 when the city finally became
the administrative center of the extensive Tyumen Oblast.
At
the outbreak of the Russian Civil War in 1917, forces loyal to
Admiral Alexander Kolchak and his Siberian White Army controlled
Tyumen. However, the city fell to the Red Army on January 5, 1918.
During the 1930s, Tyumen became a major industrial center of the
Soviet Union. By the onset of World War II, the city had several
well-established industries, including shipbuilding, furniture
manufacture, and the manufacture of fur and leather goods.
World War II saw rapid growth and development in the city. In the
winter of 1941, twenty-two major industrial enterprises evacuated to
Tyumen from the European part of the Soviet Union. These enterprises
went into operation the following spring. Additionally, war-time
Tyumen became a "hospital city", where thousands of wounded soldiers
were treated.
During Operation Barbarossa, when it seemed
possible that Moscow would fall to the advancing German Army, Tyumen
also became a refuge for the body of the deceased Soviet leader
Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's body was secretly moved from Lenin's
mausoleum in Moscow (October 1941) to a hidden tomb located in what
is now the Tyumen State Agriculture Academy (former Tyumen
Agriculture Institute).
Between 1941 and 1945 more than
20,000 Tyumen natives saw action at the front. Almost a third, about
6,000, perished in action (the exact number remains uncertain as
official data includes non-local soldiers who died in Tyumen's
hospitals).
The town was affected by the discovery of rich
oil- and gas-fields in the Tyumen Oblast in the 1960s. While most of
these lay hundreds of kilometers away, near the towns of Surgut and
Nizhnevartovsk, Tyumen was the nearest railway junction and so the
city became their supply base while the railway was extended
northwards. As the result of this economic and population boom, with
tens of thousands of skilled workers arriving from across the Soviet
Union between 1963 and 1985, the rapid growth of the city also
brought a host of problems. Its social infrastructure was limited
and the lack of city planning has resulted in uneven development,
with which Tyumen has continued to struggle.