Restaurant, taverns and where to eat
Zvenigorod is a city (since 1781) in Russia, of regional subordination of the Moscow Region. It bears the honorary title "The town of military valor." Population - 22,513 people. (2018). The city is located on the banks of the Moscow River, 30 km west of Moscow, on the Klin-Dmitrov ridge of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. This is one of the ancient cities of the region, with a large number of historical monuments of temple architecture.
Ascension Cathedral, built in 2006-2007 on the site of a
classicism cathedral built in 1792, destroyed in the 1940s;
Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery
Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, an
active monastery with architecture of the 15th-17th centuries. In
the Nativity Cathedral of the 15th century, there are frescoes and
an iconostasis of the 17th century. Among other buildings are the
chambers of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the so-called. Queen's
chambers. On the territory of the monastery there is also the
Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum;
Savvinsky
Skete (1862);
Earthen ramparts of the Zvenigorod town;
Assumption Cathedral on Gorodok (turn of the 14th-15th centuries), a
white-stone four-pillar church, typical of early Moscow
architecture; inside the cathedral, murals by Andrey Rublev and
Daniil Cherny have been preserved;
Temple of Alexander Nevsky,
restored in the 1990s based on drawings and photographs of the early
20th century;
Church of the Nativity in Upper Posad (1805);
Manor church in Vvedensky;
Almshouse of the Ascension Church;
House of T. N. Kuptsov (on Moskovskaya Street);
House of T. N.
Kuptsov (on Fabrichnov Street);
Zvenigorod children's library;
Zvenigorod Children's Music School S. I. Taneeva;
House of I. S.
Dymov;
House of V. M. Drutsky-Sokolinsky (demolished in September
1992);
Workshop of the Kupriyanovs;
Museum of Russian Dessert,
opened in 2013 by artist T. Feina;
House of the Smolins
(Glukharevs);
Museum "BACK to the USSR", a private museum, opened
in 2017;
County City Fashion Museum, a private museum, opened in
2018;
Park "Raspberry ravine";
In the vicinity of the city
there are numerous estate complexes:
The estate Vvedenskoye, now
it houses the sanatorium "Zvenigorod";
Ershovo;
Dyutkovo (the
house of the composer S. I. Taneyev);
Dunino (estate of M. M.
Prishvin).
Monument to the fallen
for the Motherland of Zvenigorod and the soldiers of the 5th Army of
the Western Front in 1941-1945. with Eternal Flame. In front of the
monument are busts of the Heroes of the Soviet Union: V. V.
Fabrichnov and M. A. Pronin;
stele "Zvenigorod - a settlement of
military prowess";
a monument to Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (in the
square along Moskovskaya Street);
a bust of Anton Pavlovich
Chekhov (near the administration of the Zvenigorod Central City
Hospital);
monument to Prince Yuri Dmitrovich Zvenigorodsky and
St. Savva Storozhevsky (near the shopping center on Moskovskaya
Street);
a monument to the Monk Savva Storozhevsky (near the
walls of the Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery);
bust of Vladimir
Ilyich Lenin (in the city park);
a bust of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
(in the children's park on Sovetskaya Street) (currently 09.2015
only a pedestal remains);
stele to commissar Konstantin Ivanovich
Makarov (at the intersection of Lenin and Makarov streets);
a
bust of Karl Marx (on Moskovskaya street, in front of the Zvenigorod
arena);
memorial "Glory to the Russian soldier" (on the central
square in Yershov);
a bust of Viktor Vasilyevich Baburin (on the
central square in Yershov);
bust of Vasily Vasilyevich Fabrichnov
(at the entrance to the Yershov secondary school).
Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.
Cultural
center named after Lyubov Orlova.
House-Museum of S. I. Taneyev in
Dyutkovo.
Zvenigorod centralized library system.
healthcare
Zvenigorod Central City Hospital. A.P. Chekhov is a multidisciplinary
medical institution.
The building of the polyclinic at the
central city hospital began to be built back in 1984, and was completed
only in 2003. However, the poorly built building very soon required a
major overhaul. In the spring of 2011, after a major overhaul, the
Zvenigorod polyclinic was reopened.
The Zvenigorod branch of the
Moscow Regional Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund operates.
Not
far from Zvenigorod there are several sanatoriums and boarding houses.
Two of them bear the name of the city: this is the Zvenigorod sanatorium
of the Moscow City Hall, located in the historical estate Vvedenskoye
(general therapeutic profile), and the Zvenigorod sanatorium built in
1986, also near Vvedensky, of the First Moscow State Medical University.
I. M. Sechenov (treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular,
respiratory, nervous, genitourinary systems, musculoskeletal system,
digestive organs, rehabilitation after injuries, balneotherapy, etc.).
The city is located on the banks of the Moskva River, 30 km west of
Moscow, on the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland.
Currently, Zvenigorod and its environs have become a popular resort and
boarding region of the Central Russian zone.
The Moscow River and
its tributaries flow through the city. Also in Zvenigorod there is a
natural reserve "Valley of the Storozhka River". The picturesque
surroundings of Zvenigorod were nicknamed "Russian Switzerland".
Zvenigorod (in ancient times sometimes: Zvenigorod-Moscow) is one of
the oldest cities in the Moscow region. Archaeological data indicate the
presence of a fortified settlement on the site of the Zvenigorod town in
the second half of the 12th - early 13th centuries. A number of studies
state that Zvenigorod was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. According
to B. A. Rybakov, Zvenigorod of the XII century was the northeastern
outpost of the Chernigov Principality.
The first mention of
Zvenigorod refers to the spiritual letter of the Moscow prince Ivan
Danilovich Kalita in 1339: “And now I give to my son Ivan Zvenigorod”,
and in the annals the first information about Zvenigorod appeared under
1382.
So the city became the center of the Zvenigorod specific
principality (existed in 1339-1492) of Ivan Ivanovich, the son of
Kalita. However, the first Zvenigorod princes lived in Moscow, and
within the principality they built strongholds, kept a squad and tribute
collectors.
The center of the urban settlement of the XIV century
was the Kremlin on the western outskirts of the current city. Zvenigorod
residents have long called this place Gorodok.
According to the
will of Dmitry Donskoy (1389), the Zvenigorod specific principality went
to his second son Yuri Dmitrievich, who turned Zvenigorod into the true
capital of his possessions and lived here almost constantly until 1425.
During the reign of Yuri Dmitrievich, the city experienced a heyday. A
system of earthen ramparts was created around the Kremlin, along the
crest of which there was a high wooden wall with towers; the remains of
the ramparts have survived to this day. In 1398, Savvino-Storozhevsky
monastery was founded by the Monk Savva not far from the city on Mount
Storozhi. Around 1399, a white-stone Assumption Cathedral was erected in
the center of Gorodok, and in 1405, a white-stone Nativity Cathedral was
erected in the monastery. Written sources of the 15th-16th centuries
speak of trade and customs officers in the city. The city developed
despite its devastation by the Tatars in 1382 and 1408 (In 1382 it was
burned by the Tatars of Tokhtamysh, and in 1408 the city was burned by
the Tatars of Edigei).
After the death of Yuri in Moscow in 1434,
Zvenigorod was received by his eldest son Vasily Kosoy, and after the
death of the latter childless in 1448, Prince Vasily Yaroslavich of
Borovsko-Serpukhov. In 1449-1454, the service prince Kasim
Mukhammedovich and the village of Cherkasy Cossacks subordinate to him
(Muslims brought by Kasim from the Caucasus Mountains and from the
shores of the Tsemess Bay) lived in Zvenigorod.
Later, Zvenigorod
was the lot of the son of Vasily the Dark Andrei Bolshoi, nicknamed
"Grief", then the son of Ivan III Yuri Ivanovich, and, finally, under
Ivan the Terrible, for a short time he was part of the lot of Vladimir
Andreevich Staritsky; after the murder of the latter in 1568, Ivan the
Terrible granted Zvenigorod to the Tatar prince Murtaza-Ali. However,
Zvenigorod had sporadically complained to serving Tatar princes and
princes before:
Qasim (1446-1452)
Abdul-Latif (1492-1497)
Dervish-Ali (1552-1554)
Simeon Kasaevich Tsar of Kazan
(Yadigar-Mukhammed) (1554-1565)
Murtaza-Ali (Mikhail Kaibulin)
(1569-1575).
In the XVI century, both fortresses of Zvenigorod -
both the Kremlin and the monastery - gradually lose their military and
political significance for the country due to the removal of its borders
to the south and west.
In April 1605, False Dmitry I, on his way to the Moscow Kremlin,
burned and devastated Zvenigorod Posad. One of the documents of those
years says about the disaster: “They ruined the monastic villages, they
took away the monastic state money and horses and all the monastic
supplies and bread, and they robbed Abbot Isaiah and the brethren and
burned them with fire.” Two years later, in 1607, the impostor False
Dmitry II also made his way to the capital along the Moskva River. And
again, Zvenigorod found itself on the path of the interventionists. This
time the city was plundered more brutally. Here, False Dmitry II
received an ambassador from V.I. Shuisky, who was at the head of the
Russian state.
In 1618, the city was occupied by the Polish
prince Vladislav.
The 17th century for Russia was the time of the birth of large-scale
industry. In the 1630s and 1640s, the boyar Boris Morozov, tutor of the
young Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, built several ironworks in Zvenigorod.
After Morozov's death in 1661, his potash factories partly moved to the
palace. Already at the end of the 1690s, the factories stood up, and
were subsequently closed. The document of 1701 says: “The Zvenigorod
factories, which the guest Vladimir Voronin kept, have become, and iron
is not made on them.”
In 1650, it was ordered to make a "stone
city near the entire structure", and 4 years later Zvenigorod was
declared a fortress. In 1654, there were about 230 souls / yards in
Zvenigorod (in Ruza - half as many, in Kashira - 70 people more).
In the 1660s, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich chose the
Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery as his "own sovereign's pilgrimage." At
that time, the main population of Zvenigorod lived in the suburbs.
Nizhny Posad or Voznesenskaya Sloboda stretches along the Great Moscow
Road. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, the now preserved architectural
ensemble of the Savvin Monastery was erected around the ancient Nativity
Cathedral, including the Trinity Church, the Refectory, the Belfry, the
Tsar's Palace, the Tsaritsy's Chambers, the Fraternal Corps, walls and
towers.
According to the 1678 census conducted under Fedor III,
there were 28 households with 135 inhabitants. Upper Posad or
Rozhdestvenskaya Sloboda had 26 yards and a little over a hundred
inhabitants.
Under Princess Sophia in 1693, the Transfiguration
Church appeared in the ensemble of the monastery.
In 1708, by
decree of Peter I, the Moscow province was formed. In 1712, it was
divided into several chief commandant provinces, including Zvenigorod.
Nevertheless, already in 1719 the province was divided into 9 provinces.
Zvenigorod with adjacent lands entered Moscow as a district. However, in
1726-1727. districts were eliminated. The provinces were subordinated to
the governors, which increased the centralization of the local
administrative apparatus.
In 1781, Catherine II signed a decree on Zvenigorod, approving the
draft coat of arms of the city: on the heraldic shield at the top is the
symbol of the Moscow province of the military commander. George the
Victorious, below the image of the bell; in the same year, Zvenigorod
became the center of the county.
In 1784 the city received a
regular layout.
Moscow district chief A. I. Tatishchev, marshal
of the nobility of the Zvenigorod district as of December 1806.
In 1812, after Borodin, the Zvenigorod Affair took place in the vicinity
of the city - a battle between a small Russian detachment that took a
position near the walls of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery and the
army corps of Napoleon's army. The Russian detachment, delaying the
French offensive for the whole day, retreated to Moscow.
After
the occupation of the region by the French, partisans operated in the
Zvenigorod villages. The cavalry unit of Major Figlev, consisting of
militias and Cossacks, defeated French detachments near Zvenigorod in
late September-October, taking many prisoners. On October 21,
detachments of Figlev and Yesaul Gordeev liberated the city.
In
1830 the city hospital was opened. At the end of the century, Anton
Pavlovich Chekhov worked there for two years as a doctor.
After
the Great Reforms, manufactory in the landowners' estates fell into
decay, agriculture in the county was abandoned due to the poor quality
of the land. Gardening and handicrafts developed, primarily knitting,
then the manufacture of furniture, toys, etc. One of the crafts of
Zvenigorod became known throughout the country - this is the production
of stringed musical instruments, initiated by the peasant of the village
of Shikhovo Yemelyanov. From industry, at the end of the XIX century. in
the county there were most of all cloth factories, then tanneries and
brick factories and weaving factories. Industry provided food for 3%,
handicrafts - 9% of the population of the county. The inhabitants of the
city itself, numbering 4,000 people, were mainly engaged in gardening;
in the city there was a district and parish school with 98 students and
a zemstvo hospital. 520 rubles were spent on the maintenance of the
district school, which was equal to the annual salary of 4 workers. In
general, the city and county were among the least developed in the
province.
The Bolsheviks seized power in Zvenigorod on November 16, 1917. A detachment of Red Army workers and soldiers from Pavlovskaya Sloboda entered the city without resistance and occupied administrative buildings, a post office and a telegraph office. Soon Konstantin Makarov arrived here with the mandate of food commissar. His detachment requisitioned bread from the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, and at the same time tried to open the shrine with the relics of St. Savva Storozhevsky, which caused the "Zvenigorod rebellion" that occurred in May 1918. The participants in the rebellion killed Makarov and two other communists, but an armed detachment from Dedovsk, who soon approached, crushed the uprising.
In 1927, the "Second Labor Commune of the OGPU" was organized in
Zvenigorod, a few years later it was transferred to Nikolo-Ugreshi.
In the Soviet period, the Zvenigorod cemetery was rolled out under
the market, which is at the church of St. Alexander Nevsky (the church
building of the 19th century survived, and in 1997 the temple was
restored).
On April 30, 1932, radio broadcasting began to work on
the territory where the Odintsovo district and Zvenigorod are now
located. Now it is called "Radio Odintsov".
At the end of
November 1941, the German troops, having taken Istra, came close to
Zvenigorod. But already on December 3-5, 1941, the left-flank divisions
of the 16th Army, in cooperation with the 5th Army, pushed back the
German troops from the large bend of the river. Moscow northeast of
Zvenigorod.
In 2003, several settlements were included in the city of Zvenigorod:
the town of Blagodat, the village of Vvedenskoye (part), the village of
Dyutkovo, the village of Lutsinsky Highway (4 km), the village of the
subsidiary farm of the Porechie sanatorium, the village of the
Zvenigorod sanatorium, the village of Dyutkovo station , the village of
Shikhovo, which were previously under the administrative subordination
of the city of Zvenigorod.
In 2005, during the reform of local
self-government, the municipal formation "the city of Zvenigorod, Moscow
Region" was endowed with the status of an urban district, it included
one settlement - the city of Zvenigorod. In 2010, the city district
boundaries were adjusted.
Until 2010, Zvenigorod had the status
of a historical settlement, however, by Order of the Ministry of Culture
of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 2010 No. 418/339, the city was
deprived of this status. Now the unique archaeological complex is being
built up from all sides with high-rise residential areas: Vostochny,
Yuzhny and Suponevo, as well as low-rise luxury housing.
In 2017,
the city was awarded the honorary title of the Moscow region "Settlement
of military prowess".
Initially, at the end of 2018, it was
planned to merge the urban district of Zvenigorod with all urban and
rural settlements of the Odintsovo municipal district into a new single
municipality - Odintsovo (Odintsovo-Zvenigorodsky) urban district - by
January 10, 2019, but later, in mid-December, according to the
certificate " Novye Izvestia”, the issue was removed from the agenda of
the Moscow Regional Duma, and on January 17, 2019, the bill was again
posted on the website of the Moscow Regional Duma and at a meeting of
the Duma was adopted in three readings at once and approved by law on
January 25, 2019, which entered into force from February 5, 2019: from
that moment on, Zvenigorod became part of the Odintsovo urban district.
On April 9, 2019, the Odintsovo district as an
administrative-territorial unit of the region is abolished, and instead
of it, the city of regional subordination of Odintsovo is formed with an
administrative territory with the city of Zvenigorod being reassigned to
it.
How to get there
By plane
The closest airports to the city
belong to the Moscow Aviation Hub.
By train
From the
Belorussky station of Moscow to Zvenigorod there are electric trains
(approximately once every 1.5 hours). Travel time - 1 h 20 min - 1 h
30 min. You can also take this train to Begovaya station (Begovaya
metro station), Fili (Fili metro station) and Kuntsevo station
(Kuntsevskaya metro station). The station Zvenigorod is located a
few kilometers from the city. A city bus runs between the station,
the city center and the Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery. You can also
get from Moscow by train to Golitsyno station (every 30 minutes,
40-50 minutes on the way), and then transfer to the bus to the
center of Zvenigorod.
If you are coming from the side of
Mozhaisk, then you need to get off at Golitsyno and take a train or
bus to Zvenigorod.
Near the Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery
there is a platform 190 km of the Okruzhnaya railway. Electric
trains run there extremely rarely, several times a day. If you do
decide to use this platform, then learn the schedule in advance.
By car
There are three main routes from Moscow to Zvenigorod.
The first is on Minsk highway to Golitsyno, where to turn to the
Small Moscow ring. It will lead directly to Zvenigorod. There are a
number of rail trips on this route, which can cause serious delays
on the way. The second option is along Novorizhskoye Highway, and
then turn onto the Small Moscow Ring (A107 in the direction of
Minsk). The third option is along the Rublyovo-Uspenskoye Highway,
in the Assumption River to cross the Moskva River and then go
through Ubory to Zvenigorod. As of 2015, the fastest, hassle-free,
option is the route along the Novorizhskoye highway.
By bus
Buses from Moscow run from the Kuntsevskaya metro station and from
the Strogino metro station.
Transport
From the railway
station Zvenigorod to the city center (Kinoteatr stop) buses 10, 11,
13, 23, 25, 51 run. Buses 23 and 51 also go to Savvino-Storozhevsky
monastery.
Cheap
McDonalds, Zvenigorod, st. Moscow, 30.
In January 2003, Leonid Stavitsky was elected mayor of the city. His candidacy was supported by more than half of the voters. In 2007, he was re-elected for a second term, more than 80% of voters voted for Stavitsky. In March 2011, Stavitsky, nominated by the regional branch of the United Russia party, was re-elected for a third term. He won 58% of the votes (3693 people).
In Zvenigorod - production of stationery. Food industry. Branch of Odintsovo PATP JSC "Mostransavto". In the vicinity of the city there are numerous sanatoriums and rest houses, the biostation of Moscow State University. Tourism is developed.
Zvenigorod is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00.
Zvenigorod Central City Hospital. A.P. Chekhov is a multidisciplinary
medical institution.
The building of the polyclinic at the
central city hospital began to be built back in 1984, and was completed
only in 2003. However, the poorly built building very soon required a
major overhaul. In the spring of 2011, after a major overhaul, the
Zvenigorod polyclinic was reopened.
The Zvenigorod branch of the
Moscow Regional Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund operates.
Not
far from Zvenigorod there are several sanatoriums and boarding houses.
Two of them bear the name of the city: this is the Zvenigorod sanatorium
of the Moscow City Hall, located in the historical estate Vvedenskoye
(general therapeutic profile), and the Zvenigorod sanatorium built in
1986, also near Vvedensky, of the First Moscow State Medical University.
I. M. Sechenov (treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular,
respiratory, nervous, genitourinary systems, musculoskeletal system,
digestive organs, rehabilitation after injuries, balneotherapy, etc.).
Palace of Sports "Zvezda" with a swimming pool, gyms and fencing
halls. Children's gymnastic center "Grasshopper". Sports school
multifunctional complex "Eaglet". Covered handball field. Sports and
health club "Nadezhda".
Teams: Zvezda football club, Zvezda
women's handball team (winner of the EHF Champions League 2007/08).
City socio-political newspaper "Zvenigorodskiye Vedomosti", founded
in 1991.
Territorial division
The city of Zvenigorod is
territorially divided into microdistricts and two residential areas,
which include three inner microdistricts each. From north to south:
Suponevo; Mayakovsky quarter; Microdistrict Pronin; Pervomaisky;
Dutkovo; Gull; Historical center of Zvenigorod; Vostochny (district) -
consists of three microdistricts: Ignatievo, Vostochny, Microdistrict
No. 3; Porechye; Upper Posad (district) - consists of three
microdistricts: Upper Posad, Rakitnya, Zarechye; Forest; Shikhovo;
Yuzhny - aka "microdistrict MK"; Vvedenskoye - includes the northern
part of the village of Vvedenskoye, including the Gudovich estate.
The picturesque surroundings of Zvenigorod have attracted creative
people since ancient times. At different times, artists lived and worked
here: Isaac Levitan created his landscapes “The Last Snow” (1884) and
“The Bridge” (1884), Maria Yakunchikova - the panel “Town” (1896));
composer-pianist Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev lived the last years of his
life in the village of Dyutkovo.
Russian writer Anton Pavlovich
Chekhov, after graduating from Moscow University, worked in Zvenigorod
as a zemstvo doctor (1885) and after moving to Moscow he often came to
the city. Here he drew images for his works.
According to
historians, Chekhov changed his place of residence in Zvenigorod several
times. It is believed that at the time when he replaced his colleague
S.P. Uspensky, he lived in his apartment at the hospital on Lermontov
Street, 10. Today this house is in private hands and has been rebuilt
more than once over the years, having lost its historical appearance .
Two memorial plaques tell about the stay of A.P. Chekhov here.
The hospital where the writer worked has been named after him since
1944.
Later, Soviet writers lived in the city: Mikhail Prishvin
(who wrote his hunting stories and works about nature here), Vasily
Yanchevetsky, the author of historical novels, lived in Zvenigorod for
the last years of his life.
In 1971, on the streets of
Zvenigorod, the shooting of the popular Soviet comedy film based on the
stories of A.P. Chekhov “These different, different, different faces
...” took place, in which all 24 roles were played by People's Artist of
the USSR Igor Ilyinsky.
Zvenigorod and its environs have
repeatedly become a cinematic platform for Soviet and Russian films.
According to some sources, starting from the 1930s, at least 150 films
were shot on Zvenigorod land, 30 of which became widely known. Among
them are Solaris by Andrei Tarkovsky, War and Peace by Sergei
Bondarchuk, Incredible Adventures of Italians in Russia by Eldar
Ryazanov, Unknown Soldier by Anatoly Rybakov, Restless Sagittarius by
Georgy Shengelia, and others.
N. E. Guseva is a film actress who gained wide popularity after
filming in the TV movie “Guest from the Future”.
G. Ya. Guskov -
Soviet scientist, general designer of NPO Elas, Hero of Socialist Labor,
(he spent his childhood in Zvenigorod).
MP Egorov - Academician of
the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Organic
Chemistry. N. D. Zelinsky.
E. A. Murov - General of the Army, former
director of the Federal Security Service (FSO of Russia).
L. P.
Orlova is a Soviet theater and film actress, People's Artist of the
USSR.
N. S. Sanina is a Soviet athlete, a seven-time national
champion in rowing.