Alekseevka is located in the Belgorod region on the Tikhaya Sosna River. The birthplace of sunflower oil - here lived the peasant Daniil Bokarev, who was the first in Russia to figure out how to extract oil from sunflower seeds.
The Bokarev family house with a store, built in 1890, is located at
the address: st. Gagarina, 1.
The tavern of the merchant
Kriklovensky, built in 1880-1891, is located at 81 Mostovaya Street. In
the 60-80s of the XX century. The building housed the famous Chaika
store.
The house of the owner of the oil mill Kovalev, built in 1890,
is located at 88 Mostovaya St.
Kovshov's house (there was a “round”
tavern in the building), built in 1880, located at the address: st.
Gagarina, 2.
The house of the major merchant Miroshnikov, built in
1865, is located at: Nikolskaya St., 6.
The house of a large timber
merchant Sanzherov, built in 1890, is located at the address: st.
Gagarina, 16.
The merchant club, built in 1895, is located at:
Mostovaya St., 87.
The merchant mansion of the Lyubivykh brothers,
built in 1895, is located at the address: st. Nekrasova, 44.
The
house of the merchant Shaposhnikov, built in 1900, is located at the
address: st. Gagarina, 17.
Rozum's house - belonged to the owner of
the pharmacy A.I. Rozum. Located at: Slobodskaya st., 8.
The Tkachev
House is a one-story stone house built in 1898 by an entrepreneur, owner
of a brick factory and contractor for the construction of stone
buildings, Yakov Maksimovich Tkachev. Located at: Respublikanskaya st.,
234.
Monument to Daniil Semyonovich Bokarev, the discoverer of the method
of producing sunflower oil. Located in the city center, in the park on
the street. Victory, installed on August 21, 2005, sculptor - A. A.
Shishkov (Belgorod).
Bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor Andrei
Pavlovich Kirilenko. Located at the intersection of st. Gagarin and
Mostovoy Street, installed on September 22, 1977, sculptor - L. E.
Kerbel.
Bust of Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Afanasyevich Ruban.
Located in front of the Agrotechnicum building on the street. Victory,
installed on October 29, 1970, sculptor - V. Yu. Nets (Kharkov).
Bust
of Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Vasilyevich Sobina. Located in front
of the building of secondary school No. 3 on the street. V. Sobin,
installed in 1968
Bust of Hero of the Soviet Union Matvey Kuzmich
Shaposhnikov. Located in front of the building of secondary school No. 1
on the street. Craftsmen, installed in September 2006.
Monument to
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Located on pl. Victory, installed on October 25,
1968, sculptor - A. I. Strakhov.
Memorial on Nikolskaya Square.
Soldiers of the First Cavalry Army who died during the Civil War of
1918-1923 are buried here, as well as a mass grave of 274 Soviet
soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War, the grave of Hero of
the Soviet Union V. Sobina, and the burial places of several Soviet
leaders of the region. in 2020 In the same year, a monument to the son
of the regiment, who died from an explosion in the already liberated
Alekseevka, was also unveiled here.
Memorial of Soldier's Glory to
fellow Alekseevites who died during the Great Patriotic War of
1941-1945. Located on the Tikhaya Sosna embankment, opened on May 9,
1993.
Monument to the unknown soldier in the park on the street.
Gagarin, installed in 1963.
Monument to fallen soldiers. Located near
school building No. 6, installed in 1974.
Monument to the workers and
employees of the Ether Plant who did not return from the war. Located in
the park at the intersection of the street. Frunze and Mostovaya
streets, installed in 1964.
Monument-memorial to Soviet soldiers who
died from severe wounds in an evacuation hospital in 1943. Located at
the address: Alekseevka, Krasny Khutorok microdistrict (cemetery). Built
in 1989
Monument to Soviet soldiers who died in battles with the
fascist invaders in 1943. Located at the address: Alekseevka, city
cemetery No. 3 (Nikolaevskoe).
Mass grave of 542 Soviet soldiers who
died in battles with the fascist invaders. Located at city cemetery No.
1 (Goncharovskoye).
Mass grave of 42 Soviet soldiers who died in
battles with the fascist invaders. Located at city cemetery No. 2
(Dmitrovskoye).
Memorial stele “300 years of Alekseevka”. Located in
the park at the intersection of the street. Mostovaya and st. V. Sobin,
installed in 1985.
Monument to the liquidators of the accident at the
Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Located on Nikolskaya Square. Installed
on April 25, 1998 according to the design of the architect N.I. Shilov.
Bust of the internationalist warrior P. Yushchenko. Installed on
September 8, 2010 on the territory of school No. 4.
Memorial to
Soldiers-Countrymen, participants in local wars and armed conflicts.
Located in the central part of Alekseevka on the embankment at the
entrance to the city park of culture and recreation.
White Mountain and Bald Mountain are chalk hills in the northwestern
outskirts of the city. Outcrops of carbonate rocks with calcephyte
steppe growing on them. There are rare species of calciphyllous plants
listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (scented
gillyflower, white-tomentose dubrovnik, chalk willow, etc.). Part of the
territory is occupied by the Chalk Mountain Botanical Reserve. It is
located at the entrance to the city from the Experimental Station and
occupies the slope of chalk outcrops.
Spring "Maznevskaya spring".
Located in the floodplain of the Tikhaya Sosna River to the west of the
village. Koltunovka.
A plot of Crimean pine in the city of
Alekseevka. Located on the street. Pobeda (formerly Lenin St.). Cultural
plantings of Crimean pine are a natural monument located in the city
center. The total area is 0.3 hectares.
Botanical reserve - A
reference planting (genetic reserve) of pedunculate oak in blocks No.
61.62 of the integral forest fund of the Alekseevskoye Lesnichestvo
Regional Public Institution. Located in the area of the Kordon Kazenny
tract (Gorodishchenskoe forestry). Also known as the Korabelnaya oak
grove, it is an old-growth plantation of pedunculate oak over 100 years
old.
Hydrological reserve Lake Lebyazhye. Located on the southern
side of the urban settlement near the Alekseevka - Valuiki highway. The
total area is 1 hectare.
Park on the Tikhaya Sosna embankment near Sq. Pobeda (former City
Garden). In 1993, the park was expanded - an embankment was built
(towards the Central Bridge) and a Soldier's Glory Memorial to fellow
Alekseevites who died during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
Park on the street Gagarin. The park area was created during improvement
work in the city center in 1977. In 2018, the park area and fountain in
the intersection area were updated.
Park of Culture and Leisure named
after. 40th anniversary of the Komsomol - located in the central part of
the city on the right bank of Quiet Sosna. Since its founding, for many
years, Alekseevsky Park of Culture and Recreation has been a favorite
recreation spot for residents and guests of the city. The history of the
park began in 1958, when Alekseevsky Komsomol members founded a park
named after the Komsomol on the right bank of the Tikhaya Sosna River.
In 1981, improvement work began here. Through the efforts of the
townspeople, the green area of 15 hectares was transformed into a
fragrant oasis. Its opening took place in a solemn ceremony on August
22, 1982.
Sports Park "Alekseevsky" - located in the new
microdistrict "Nevsky" in the northern part of the city. The idea of
creating a sports park was supported by Russian President Dmitry
Medvedev on July 13, 2010 during a meeting of the State Council of the
Russian Federation in the Belgorod region. On December 23, 2010, the
Nevsky Ice Palace was opened, and in September 2011, the Yunost Sports
Palace and roller ski track were opened.
Multifunctional recreation
area in a microdistrict of nine-story buildings on Republican Street. In
2018, a bicycle and pedestrian path was laid along the Tikhaya Sosna
River to the city center, to the park on the river embankment. Quiet
Sosny in the area of pl. Pobeda (Central Park of Culture and Leisure
named after the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol), in 2019 the
embankment path was extended from the central city beach to the
microdistrict. Krasny Khutorok, crossing both Dmitrov bridges (with a
total length of about 4 km of landscaped embankment). In 2020, an
open-air museum of partisan life, “Partisan Village,” was created on the
embankment. In 2020-2021, construction of the embankment on the opposite
bank continued.
To develop domestic tourism in the region, 6 tourist routes have been developed, and there are also recreational recreation areas: “Fisherman’s Farm”, “Pond in the Farm”. Seroshtanov", the Uderovka Estate of the Stankevichs, "Pridonye", where residents and guests of the city and region can get unique opportunities to take a break from the everyday hustle and bustle, enjoy fresh air and get a charge of positive energy from being in the natural landscapes of Belogorye in combination with modern comfortable household amenities amenities for a good rest. Several tourist routes are organized for guests with visits to the local history museum, the Nevsky Ice Palace, the Stankevich Museum, as well as to the Alekseevka Vkusnaya food enterprises (EFKO and a milk canning plant). Competitions and festivals are organized annually, including Uderevsky leaf fall (in the village of Mukhouderovka) with poetry, songs, in Ilovka, Podsredny, Afanasyevka - song festivals with folk ensembles and ancient rural household items and the preservation (including song) of traditions.
By plane
The nearest airports are:
in Stary Oskol (120 km);
in Voronezh (150 km);
in Belgorod (170 km).
By train
commuter trains Liski-Alekseevka, Valuiki-Alekseevka. Travel time on
both routes is approximately 2 hours (one direction);
by train
Baku-Kyiv / Kyiv-Baku;
by train to Liski, then by train to
Alekseevka;
by train to Voronezh, then by train to Liski, then with a
train transfer to Alekseevka;
by train to Stary Oskol, then by bus to
Alekseevka;
by train to Belgorod, then by bus to Alekseevka.
By car
via Stary Oskol, then:
through Chernyanka, Novy Oskol,
Biryuch;
through Chernyanka, Kamyzino (Krasnensky district);
through Novoukolovo, Kamyzino (Krasnensky district);
via Voronezh,
Ostrogozhsk;
via Korotoyak, Ostrogozhsk;
through Belgorod,
Korocha, Novy Oskol, Biryuch;
through Pavlovsk, Rossosh, Sovetskoye
(Alekseevsky district);
through Kantemirovka, Rossosh, Sovetskoye
(Alekseevsky district).
By bus
Bus station "Alekseevka", st.
Pushkina, 49. ☎ 8 (47234) 3-23-31. The building is landscaped. Regular
buses to Belgorod, Voronezh, Stary Oskol. Transit buses
Voronezh-Valuyki, Belgorod-Rossosh, Belgorod-Krasnodar. Suburban routes
to the villages of the Alekseevsky district: s. Podsrednee, s. Ilovka,
s. Ilyinku, s. Koltunovka, hut. Rybalkin, s. Soviet. Nearby on the
square there is a railway station and a stop for city bus routes.
There are 6 city bus routes (No. 1-5.8) with the possibility of cashless payment by bank card, they run approximately once an hour. All city routes start at a stop on the square in front of the railway station and many pass through the city center (BSU stop, opposite the building of the former BelSU branch) and a stop at the Central Market, running from 7 am to 6 pm. There are several commercial taxi services (Maxim, Russian Taxi, Voyage, People's Taxi, Yandex Taxi).
For food and everyday products, there are also the Pyaterochka and Magnit chain stores; Fix-price and Svetofor (one price stores) are also open. In the central market, among other things, there are sporting goods. There are networks selling work tools, clothing, shoes and household appliances, satellite TV and office equipment, there are communication stores of 4 operators, DNS and Euroset networks, Svyaznoy, pharmacy networks.
Japanese Quarter (there is Japanese cuisine, as well as pizza),
Maestro (there is a summer terrace), Dikovinka, Rendezvous, Angels,
Celentano (pizza), Berloga, Europe pub, Czech Lion.
Cheap
Fireplace Snack and Road Cafe
Average cost
Refectory “There is
no room!”
Expensive
Restaurant Russia (there is a summer
area), Angels.
“Kilometer 77” (dance floor and bar), “No room!” (cafe), Refectory and Angels complex (there is face control).
1 Hotel “Quiet Pine”, st. Gagarina, 8. ☎ 8(47234)33-1-66. Hotel in
the city center. There is a fenced parking lot for cars and buses.
2 Art Hotel “Red Sunflower” , st. V. Sobiny, 16. ✉ ☎ +7 920 580 73 74.
00:00-24:00. The hotel is set back from the road with modern, spacious
and comfortable rooms. Within walking distance from the bus station and
train station.
3 Hotel “Northern Palmira”, lane. Ostrogozhsky, 25. ✉
☎ +7(920)-209 82 22, palmira31.ru. The hotel is in the northern part of
the city, within walking distance from the Alekseevsky sports park.
4 Hotel “Inn”, Mostovaya st., 32. ✉ ☎ +7 904 094-72-07. There is a
parking lot, the EFKO group of companies and the Volna water complex are
located nearby.
5 Hotel “Lux”, st. Lermontova, 105a. ✉ ☎
8-920-567-49-46. Within walking distance from the hotel there is a park
of culture and recreation, the EFKO group of companies.
6 Motel
“Pilgrim”, st. Molodezhnaya, 110. ✉ ☎ +7 (47234) 2-55-87. Located in the
southern part of the city. There is a guarded parking lot.
7 Guest
house “Lyubava”, st. Nekrasova, 106. ☎ +7 (47234) 4-63-63. Located
within walking distance from the city center.
In summer, vipers and snakes are found on the outskirts of the river and in the forest. There are also ticks in the forest. Foxes can get rabies. The police do not encourage drinking in public places. There are CCTV cameras in public places.
Alekseevka is the easternmost city in the region. Located 180 km east of Belgorod, on the southern edge of the Central Russian Upland, on the Tikhaya Sosna River (a tributary of the Don). There is a railway station Alekseevka on the Valuiki - Liski line.
In the vicinity of Alekseevka there are remains of several
settlements that have the status of archaeological monuments of regional
significance.
In this area, along the Tikhaya Sosna River, there
were many ancient settlements of the Saltovo-Mayatsk archaeological
culture (Olshanskoye, Koltunovskoye, Userdskoye, Krasnoye, etc.) from
the times of the Khazar Kaganate. Alekseevskoye settlement was one of
them. Alekseevskoye settlement is located on the right bank of the
Tikhaya Sosna River on the southwestern outskirts of Alekseevka. The
layout of the Alekseevsky fortification is somewhat reminiscent of
Sarkel: both fortifications were separated by a transverse wall. The
southeastern part of the fort, apparently, served as a citadel, where
there was a donjon - the dwelling of the head of the garrison[7].
Alekseevskoye settlement was an important link in the chain of similar
fortifications erected in the first half of the 9th century. This is how
the state borders of the Khazar Kaganate were strengthened both here and
in the areas inhabited by the Don Alans, and on the Lower Don.
After the reign of the Golden Horde, desolation came, and only during the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky did Cherkasy begin to move here. They formed settlements, the Russian tsarist government provided them with benefits for distilling, there was no serfdom, and in return the southern Russian borders were protected from the Crimean and Nogai Tatars (Belgorod Line). Ostrogozh Cossacks received the right to use land on Tikhaya Sosna. The closest to the future Alekseevka was the fortress city of Userd (Userd) (now the village of Streletskoye, Krasnogvardeisky district) and settlements in Podsredny, Ilovka, Glukhovka.
During the uprisings led by Ivan Bolotnikov (1606-1607), Stepan Razin (1670-1671) and Emelyan Pugachev (1773-1775), the rebels tried to find support in this area, but there is no data on the support of the rebels by local residents. After the uprising of Kondraty Bulavin (1707-1708, after the founding of Alekseevka), the rebels were executed.
Alekseevka was founded as a settlement in 1685 (according to other sources - in 1691, both dates are based on oral traditions and are subject to further study) on the territory of the Userdsky district of Cherkassy. Later known as the Alekseevskaya settlement in Userdsky (later Biryuchensky) district of the Voronezh province, and for a long time it was a Cherkassy Cossack regimental settlement (there is no documentary evidence, since the settlement was not included in the register of fortresses and its inhabitants were not subject to census until the 4th revision of 1782) on the Belgorod Zasechnaya Line. Little Russians or Cherkasy settled here, as elsewhere in the Slobozhanshchina, in villages opposite the Great Russian villages, and as a reward for protecting the southern borders of the Russian Kingdom from the raids of the Crimean and Nogai hordes of nomads along the Kalmiussky road that passed through this area, they had the freedom to distill wine and were freed from serfdom. According to legend, the first owner of the nascent settlement was the Voronezh boyar Fadeev (according to other sources, Faddey Antonovich Venevitinov), who built a water mill on Tikhaya Sosna and several huts for those wishing to settle in them. These buildings were located under the White Mountain. However, they were empty for a long time. According to the same legends, at the same time, in a place nicknamed “Volnitsa” (in the center of present-day Alekseevka, near Victory Square), immigrants from the city of Boguslav (now Kyiv region) settled in the amount of 500 people. Later they were joined by settlers from other places. In 1732, the boyar sold his settlement, called Faddeevka (Fandeevka), to Prince Cherkassky. The deed of sale (a document that was subsequently burned in a fire in 1853) for this property was kept and read by the estate manager, Vasily Nikitich Podgorny, in the 1840s.
The modern name of the settlement, apparently, comes from the name of Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky (1680-1742), who owned the lands and peasants of Alekseevka. The first small bast church was built (1691) (4 wooden pillars covered with bast bast were placed in the corners), single-throned in the name of All Rus', the wonderworker Metropolitan Alexy - “as one might assume, in the name of his angel, which is why the Little Russians who settled here began to be called Alekseevites " This explains the origin of the name Alekseevka in an archival manuscript compiled by the priest of the Trinity Church I. Snesarev in 1855. Later, on the site of the first Alekseevskaya Church, a large wooden five-domed church was erected (c. 1721), and then the Holy Cross Church was located nearby (the building has not survived at present). Subsequently, the Alekseevka settlement came into the possession of the prince’s daughter, Varvara, who was married to Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, and became the patrimony of the Sheremetev counts, who resettled serfs here from their Great Russian estates.
In 1829, a serf peasant from Alekseevka, Daniil Semenovich Bokarev, discovered a method for producing sunflower oil. In 1833, with the help of Bokarev, the merchant Papushin built the first horse-drawn oil mill in Alekseevka in Alekseevka, a year later Bokarev opened his own factory, and soon his fellow countrymen opened many factories. About a dozen factories were considered large and were mentioned in provincial and all-Russian collections of statistical data. Thanks to this, Alekseevka became a center for the production of sunflower oil, and the settlement began to quickly grow and transform.
In the 18th century, the importance of the defensive line began to
fall, the Belgorod line, after the annexation of Ukraine, Novorossiya
and the Azov region, was no longer the border of Russia, and the
enslavement of the Little Russians began. Nevertheless, in many cities
of the province there was a dual (military and civil) administration.
There were several devastating fires in the 19th century; during one of
them, an archive with documents on the sale of the settlement burned
down. Wealthy people began to build stone houses. Until 1861, Ilyinka
was one of the first to gain independence from serfdom.
In 1820,
a parish school was opened, the first educational institution in
Alekseevka.
In 1826, on Midsummer Wednesday, a fire destroyed 370
households in the settlement.
In 1831, 1847 and 1892 Cholera
raged in Alekseevka, claiming hundreds of lives. In 1839, a hospital was
opened in Alekseevka, and the city doctor Melortanez was invited for it.
On the occasion of a fire that occurred in 1858 on September 26, at
the request of the residents, the Holy Synod allowed the miraculous
Sicilian icon of the Mother of God to be brought to the settlement of
Alekseevka from the Divnogorsk Monastery annually for 3 months from
November 20 to February 20.
In 1867, regular postal service began
to operate in Alekseevka - a post office was opened. On December 6,
1885, a telegraph line was laid in Alekseevka (from the Voronezh -
Valuiki line).
According to the 1877 census, in the settlement of
Alekseevka, which belonged to the 1st camp of the Biryuchensky district,
there were 14,554 inhabitants. Thanks to the development of oil
production at the end of the 19th century, the settlement became one of
the most populous settlements in the Black Earth Region. 12.3 thousand
people lived in Alekseevka itself, and together with the adjacent
settlements Nikolaevka and Dmitrievka - 18.5 thousand people. There were
12 churns, 15 tanneries, 20 windmills, 5 churches and the same number of
schools, a pharmacy, a hospital, and many shops. Cooperation, carpentry,
blacksmithing, painting, sheepskin, hat-making and flour-grinding
industries are developed in the settlement. In tsarist times, a
vocational school was opened, now an agricultural technical school; in
1895, a section of the Kharkov-Kupyansk-Balashov railway was built near
the city, passing along the outskirts of Dmitrievka (now part of
Alekseevka), and the Alekseevka station was opened.
In 1886, the
first steam oil mill in Russia was built in the settlement of
Alekseevka. After the technology for preparing oil was improved, oil
from manual oil mills began to be considered low quality and was sold
cheaply to soap factories in Ostrogozhsk. In 1886, a photographic
workshop was opened in the settlement, which belonged to the former
servant Y. Martynov.
Alekseevka itself then consisted of Borisovka (now part of Leo
Tolstoy Street near the bridge to Nikolaevka), Fandeyevka (Pobeda Square
area), Kozubivka, Kurguzivka, Goncharovka and other historical
microdistricts. The Alekseevskaya volost at that time included, in
addition to sl. Alekseevki, lyrics. Dmitrievka, lyrics. Nikolaevka
(Novoselovka), lyrics. Koltunovka (By(ch)kov, Odnokleshnevka),
settlements Peski and all. Podbiryuchye (Kamantyrevka also - now the
Krasny Khutorok microdistrict), many of them today have become part of
the city.
In 1915, the Alekseevsky public meeting passed a
resolution to assign the settlement the status of a city, but in wartime
conditions this was not implemented. In the summer of 1915, in the
settlement of Alekseevka, on Mospanova Street, 18 (now Old Bolsheviks
Street), the first cinematograph “Svet” was opened, owned by the
merchant Pyotr Malyukov. In the same year, a gymnasium was opened, 60
young Alekseevsk students studied there.
According to written
sources, people in Alekseevka were reputed to be enterprising, quite a
lot of stone-brick houses with an iron roof appeared, more than even in
Ostrogozhsk and comparable to Voronezh, Alekseevka overtook Biryuch in
development and became the largest settlement in Biryuchensky district
and one of the largest settlements in Voronezh province, formally
remaining a volost, the bazaars were larger than in the district center
of Biryuche. The following fairs were especially famous: Holy Cross
(September 14), Alekseevskaya (March 17), Trinity (not included) and
Kozmo-Demyanskaya (November 1). However, in the workers' settlement of
Alekseevka the revolution of 1917 was greeted better than in the
merchant town of Biryucha.
After the February Revolution, newspapers campaigning for the Provisional Government were published in Biryuch and Ostrogozhsk. The Biryucha merchants were against the Bolsheviks, nevertheless, a revolutionary committee was created, and in April 1917, the Bolshevik A. Z. Kiselev created a group of Red Guards in the settlement, which in August of the same year became a detachment. In the fall of 1917, a train for a Red Army detachment with 200 rifles and 20 boxes of ammunition arrived from Moscow to the Alekseevka station.
In 1918, Biryuchensky district was transformed into Alekseevsky
district, Alekseevka received the status of a district center for the
first time. The cobblestone street was moved to Alekseevka from the
former district center of Biryuch due to the fact that Biryuch did not
support the Bolshevik uprising in 1917. At the end of February 1918,
counter-revolutionary-minded residents, led by wealthy merchants, began
preparing an armed uprising in the settlement. A large group of rebels
surrounded the Council building on March 5. Members of the Council,
having fortified themselves in the building, requested help from
Ostrogozhsk by telephone. Soon the Ostrogozhsky district detachment of
the Red Guard arrived, restoring Soviet power. At the beginning of May,
the district congress of Soviets opened in Alekseevka, which was again
decided to be disrupted by counter-revolutionaries who entered into
battle with the Red Guards of the Konotop and Alekseevsky detachments,
who ultimately won.
In 1918 it was occupied by the troops of the
Kaiser’s Germany under the separate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and was
formally included in the Ukrainian state of Hetman Skoropadsky. A
referendum was held in which residents of the region refused to become
part of “monarchical Ukraine”, despite their Ukrainian roots (before the
Second World War there were 60% of Little Russians). After the defeat
and departure of the Germans, it switched several times from the Reds
(and Makhnovists) to the white forces of Denikin's South Russia.
In the 1918-20s, those dissatisfied with the food appropriation system
staged unrest, the food detachment near Livenka (Bodyakov farm) was
destroyed, troops from Ostrogozhsk were brought in to suppress it, and
the members of the food detachment were buried with honors.
In
1923, Alekseevsky district was abolished, Alekseevka again became a
settlement, first a volost center, and then the center of the
Alekseevsky district as part of the Ostrogozhsky district. Soon the
district system was abolished in the RSFSR, and the Alekseevsky district
directly became part of the Central Chernozem Region (later Voronezh).
In 1928, Alekseevsky district was formed as part of the Voronezh region.
In the 1920-30s, a wired radio broadcasting network was installed in
Alekseevka, and the regional newspaper “Iskra Komunizma” (now the
newspaper “Zarya”) was founded. Significant changes took place in the
first years of Soviet power. First of all, measures were taken to carry
out a cultural revolution: new schools were opened, illiteracy was
eliminated, reading rooms were created. In Alekseevsky district there
were 220 schools, attended by 19 thousand children. Industrial artels
were created, including “Kozhsapog”, “Metalist”, and an artel of
disabled people. Restored and expanded production of the essential
plant. In the 1920-30s, as part of the policy of indigenization,
Ukrainization was carried out in the region, the education system and
office work were translated into Ukrainian, and the newspaper “Shlyakh
Kommuni” was published. However, many, including in Ukraine, considered
Russian more prestigious, urban, sent their children to Russian schools,
and was sabotaged locally by ignorance and reluctance to learn and use
Ukrainian. Under Stalin, Ukrainization was curtailed, and the most
active Ukrainizers were repressed.
In 1932, a zonal experimental
station was created to carry out experimental research work on
agricultural technology of essential oil crops (anise, coriander, and so
on).
In 1939, the Alekseevka settlement became a workers'
village. Since November 1939, the 744th Infantry Regiment of the 149th
Infantry Division was stationed in Alekseevka.
At the end of June 1941, about 200 Alekseevites volunteered to go to
the front. On June 25, 1941, a farewell to the soldiers of the 744th
Infantry Regiment took place at the station.
On October 10, 1941,
during a raid by fascist planes on Alekseevka on the railway. Station, a
bomb hit the exhibits of the evacuated Kharkov Museum; thanks to the
efforts of museum workers, some exhibits were saved.
In June
1942, a train carrying cadets from the Chkalov Military Aviation School
unloading at Alekseevka station came under bombing. There were no
losses, and the young navigators of the bomber aviation marched off to
Ilovka - Krasnoye - Setishche - Repyovka, where, as part of the 232nd
separate machine gun and artillery battalion, they heroically resisted
the superior forces of the Nazis advancing on Voronezh.
The
threat of enemy occupation of Alekseevka really loomed in the summer of
1942, when, after the battle for Kharkov, the front rapidly approached
the area. To the west of Alekseevka there was a defensive line of the
117th Fortified Area. To the north of Tikhaya Sosna the defense was held
by units of the 21st Army (under the command of Major General V.N.
Gordov, from June 5 under the command of Major General A.I. Danilov),
and to the south of the river - by units of the 28th army (under the
command of Lieutenant General D.I. Ryabyshev, from July 3 under the
command of Major General V.D. Kryuchenkin) of the Southwestern Front
under the command of Marshal S.K. Timoshenko. The 3rd Guards Cavalry
Corps under the command of I. A. Pliev was also sent here. However, due
to the general instability of the front and in the conditions of a flank
breakthrough near Ostrogozhsk by the 4th Tank Army of the Wehrmacht,
which turned from Voronezh on the offensive towards Stalingrad, the
front troops, under the threat of encirclement, were forced to fight
back beyond the Don.
On July 5, 1942, Alekseevka was occupied by
fascist German troops (VIII Army Corps of the 6th Wehrmacht Army) and
their allies, units of the 2nd Hungarian Army. The day before, the area
had been severely bombed. The occupiers immediately created two
concentration camps. During the occupation, 100 Alekseevites were hanged
and shot, another 700 young people were taken to work in Germany. By
January 1943, the occupation garrison of Alekseevka numbered more than
10 thousand people.
On August 20, 1942, at 5 o’clock in the
morning in Kalinov Yar, northeast of Alekseevka, under unclear
circumstances, a fighter of the Hungarian squadron 1/1 “Dongo” MÁVAG
Héja No. “V4+21”, piloted by I. Horthy, the eldest son of the regent of
Hungary, crashed.
On September 14, 1942, a special edition of the
regional newspaper “Commune” was dropped from an airplane over the
village, which spoke about stubborn battles near Voronezh and the
imminent advance of the Red Army, and there was a call to rise to fight
the fascists.
On January 19, 1943, Alekseevka was liberated
during the Ostrogozh-Rossoshansky operation of the Voronezh Front (under
the command of Lieutenant General F.I. Golikov) of the Red Army. The
area was liberated from two directions at once. From the north, from the
Storozhevsky bridgehead on the Don - by the forces of the 40th Army of
the Voronezh Front under the command of Major General of Artillery K. S.
Moskalenko. From the south, from Kantemirovka, by the forces of the 3rd
Tank Army of General P. S. Rybalko. The operation was supported from the
air by the 2nd Air Army under the command of Aviation Major General K.N.
Smirnov.
The first to make its way to Alekseevka from the south
was the 88th Tank Brigade of the 15th Tank Corps. At six o'clock in the
evening on January 17, 20 combat vehicles under the command of
Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Sergeev burst into the village, but were
attacked by superior enemy forces. Soviet tankers entrenched themselves
on the southern outskirts and began to wait for reinforcements. On
January 18 at 11 a.m., the 1st Hungarian Field Tank Division (1st Tank
Battalion of the 30th Tank Regiment and several combined battle groups
of the tank division) and the 559th German Tank Destroyer Battalion
launched a counterattack, attempting to regain control of the village
and form “corridor” for the withdrawal to the west of the troops of the
2nd Hungarian Army, surrounded near Ostrogozhsk. The battle took place,
among other things, on the streets of the village. After the 52nd
motorized rifle brigade of Colonel A. A. Golovachev, the 48th Guards
Rifle Division and the 37th Rifle Brigade of the 3rd Tank Army
approached Alekseevka, Soviet troops again launched an offensive and by
three o’clock in the afternoon on January 19 they captured Alekseevka.
At the same time, from January 16 to 19, 1943, the main forces of
the 168th and 26th Infantry Divisions and the 1st Hungarian Tank
Division were blocked in the zone between Ilovka and Alekseevka.
The resistance of the invaders was finally broken and the area was
liberated by January 24, 1943. As a result of the liberation battles,
4,630 enemy soldiers and officers were captured, 700 vehicles, 300 carts
and 9 railway trains were captured. The hospitals were located in the
buildings of educational institutions of the Pedagogical College and
Agricultural College No. 24. During the occupation, houses on the main
streets of Lenin and K. Marx were severely destroyed. On the territory
of the city and region there are 57 mass graves and burial places of
Soviet soldiers - liberators.
From the end of March 1943, the
formation of the 128th border regiment of the Voronezh Front took place
in Alekseevka.
On May 13, 1944, on behalf of the workers of the
district, the secretary of the district committee of the All-Union
Communist Party (Bolsheviks) F. P. Kolykhalov and the chairman of the
district executive committee P. V. Chernyshev sent a telegram to the
State Defense Committee about contributing 1 million 125 thousand rubles
to the fund for the victory over the fascists for the construction of a
tank column “ Alekseevsky collective farmer."
On June 24, 1945,
in Moscow on Red Square, the parade in honor of the Victory over Germany
was attended by fellow countrymen who distinguished themselves in
battle: Nikolai Ivanovich Golubyatnikov (Repenka), Mikhail Vladimirovich
Mysakov (Alekseevka), Philip Kondratievich Pervykh (Glukhovka), Ivan
Yakovlevich Sysoev (Ilovka) .
In the 1950s, the ether plant was restored and reached pre-war
levels. Under Khrushchev, in 1956, under the pretext of dilapidation, as
part of the fight against religion, the Holy Cross Church was demolished
and dismantled brick by brick (between the current administration, the
Olympus sports center and five-story buildings with a grocery store),
the largest church in the city, and in its place is now a square Alley
with the Eternal Flame. The erected monument to Lenin, after the
demolition of the old administration building, turned out to be
displaced relative to the new building.
On January 6, 1954,
Alekseevka was transferred from the Voronezh region to the newly formed
Belgorod region.
On August 19, 1954, the workers' settlement
(settlement until March 26, 1939) Alekseevka was transformed into a city
of regional subordination.
In 1957, the Alekseevka-Belgorod bus
route opened.
In 1958, on the basis of a one-year agricultural
school, an agricultural technical school was founded with training in
the professions of economist and accountant. School building No. 5 was
opened.
In 1958, the inter-district workshop for the overhaul of
agricultural machinery and equipment was transformed into a machine
repair plant.
In March 1960, a new House of Culture was opened at
the intersection of Lenin and K. Marx streets (now demolished, in its
place is the building of a branch of BelSU). On September 1, 1960, the
Children's Music School was opened. 60 students were admitted to the
piano, button accordion and domra departments. On December 28, 1960, the
Alekseevsky milk canning plant (later the plant) was founded.
In
1961, Alekseevka was electrified, street lighting appeared, which before
that was only on the street. Frunze near the ether plant and generated
by an energy train.
In 1961, correctional labor colony No. 4 with
enhanced security was organized on the basis of a machine repair plant.
A little more than 30 years later, the regime of detention changed to a
general regime (now the Federal State Institution “Correctional Colony
No. 4 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Belgorod
Region” (general regime, for the detention of men convicted for the
first time)).
In 1962, a sugar factory was built (now ceased
production).
On February 1, 1963, the city of Alekseevka was
classified as a city of regional subordination, and the city Council of
Workers' Deputies was transferred to the Belgorod Regional Council of
Workers' Deputies.
In 1968, suburban electric trains opened
through the Alekseevka station.
In 1969, a 96-meter relay tower
was installed on a hill near the Experimental Station, which improved
the quality of TV reception: up to 35 km for an outdoor antenna, up to
10 km for an indoor antenna. In 1969, a new building for a regional
communications center with an automatic telephone exchange for 1,200
numbers was started and built in 1973.
In 1971, a new building of
the Oktyabr cinema was built and put into operation with a hall for 600
seats and a wide-format screen. On February 23, 1971, the first film
show took place.
In 1973-1974, with the assistance of A.P.
Kirilenko, important enterprises were built, including the Alekseevsky
Chemical Engineering Plant (now Alekseevka KHIMMASH), one of the two
most important in the country (the second in Kazakhstan), it became the
largest city-forming plant (instead of sugar and butter factories). The
construction of nine-story houses on the banks of the Tikhaya Sosna
River began, and the construction of a new building of the cultural
center began, which was interrupted several times due to insufficient
funding. Television broadcasting appeared in the 1980s in color and a
second program was added. An elevator was built.
In 1981, an
automatic telephone exchange with 6,000 numbers was built. On September
1, 1981, the new building of the School of Arts was opened.
In
1984, world chess champion grandmaster Mikhail Tal held a simultaneous
game in the city.
On the night of January 9-10, 1985, the city
and region were affected by a natural disaster - an ice storm caused by
a sharp cold snap and increased wind after the winter thaw and which
caused icing and the breakdown of many power lines. By the morning of
January 10, almost all power lines supplying the east of the Belgorod
region were out of order. Over 900 settlements were plunged into
darkness, more than 100 industrial enterprises and construction sites
were left without power. Dozens of passenger and freight trains stopped
on the railway. The disaster caused especially significant damage to
agriculture. Thanks to the dedicated work of repair teams (including
from other regions) and the coordinated actions of the city and district
leadership and production enterprises, it was possible to restore power
supply in the shortest possible time - on the night of January 15-16,
1985, all consumers received electrical energy according to temporary
schemes, and On March 1, all power lines were fully restored.
In
1985, the 300th anniversary of the city was widely celebrated.
The Motto plant has mastered microcircuits for calculators and
electronic toys. Under Gorbachev, cooperatives appeared, and then the
first official unemployed.
In 1986, the city and region were
exposed to radiation due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant (ChNPP). Many Alekseevites, called up to fight the consequences of
the Chernobyl explosion, became disabled. Thanks to the atmosphere of
glasnost, several years after the Chernobyl accident, the truth about
the scale and consequences of radiation contamination was finally
revealed. Soon the city entered a zone with preferential socio-economic
status. Since October 21, 2015, the current list of settlements located
within the boundaries of radioactive contamination zones due to the
disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has changed.
Market reforms hit the city’s economy hard: the “Deviz”
instrument-making plant, a municipal food processing plant, a SMK, a bed
factory, and subsequently a sugar factory and a meat processing plant
were closed, and instead of OJSC “Alekseevkakhimmash” LLC “EFKO” became
the city-forming one. At first, branches of BelSU and VEPI opened, but
then closed. The city did not become 50 thousand people. The
Agricultural College opened new branches.
In 1992, local
television of the regional sports and technical club “Tales” appeared.
The Church of the Holy Trinity was returned to believers.
In
1994, school No. 7 was opened, accepting students from the northern
microdistricts of the city.
In the 1990s, a new reinforced
concrete (instead of the old wooden) road bridge was built across
Tikhaya Sosna on Nikolaevka (and a nearby suspension pedestrian bridge),
the Motto plant was closed, the ether plant was reoriented to produce
sunflower oil, and subsequently mayonnaise. EFKO became an important
city-forming enterprise and first entered the all-Russian and then the
world market, opening branches in Voronezh, Taman, Moscow and Siberia. A
branch of VEPI was opened. The agricultural technical school became a
college and began training lawyers.
In 1999, the modern Solnechny
Palace of Culture was opened with a regional library and a cinema with
200 seats, and a main hall with 700 seats. A branch of BelSU was opened,
collaborating with the Agricultural College.
In the early 2000s,
streets were paved, paving slabs were laid, and a large gasification
program was carried out. The Church of the Holy Trinity was finally
restored, the surrounding area was improved, the Slavic Bazaar market
was moved to the site of the Central Market, a new Dmitrovsky Bridge was
built, which made it possible to redirect the traffic flow of heavy
vehicles to bypass the city center. A large amount of work has been
completed to improve the city. In summer, the city began to be
surrounded by greenery.
On May 31, 2002, a plant for the
production of specialized industrial fats “Efko-Sloboda” (so far the
only one in Russia) was opened with a production of up to 12 thousand
tons of products per month.
In 2003, cellular communication
services appeared in the city.
In 2007, a new building of the
Alekseevsky branch of BelSU was put into operation (now it has ceased
its educational activities).
In 2010, as part of a visiting
meeting of the Presidium of the State Council (07/13/2010, Malobykovo,
Biryuch School of Management), Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who
has maternal roots here, visited Alekseevka. He inspected the
construction of the EFKO company's yoghurt plant and laid the foundation
stone for the construction of the Alekseevsky Sports Park with an ice
arena. In 2010, construction of the ice arena was completed. In 2012,
the Volna aquatic complex was opened, and the city chess club named
after B.V. Sinev moved there.
In 2013, a feed mill was launched.
The Pedagogical College was merged with the Agricultural College into
Alekseevsky College.
In 2014, a park named after the 70th
anniversary of the Victory and a multifunctional recreation area in the
area of nine-story buildings were built.
Today the city is
successfully growing and developing, being one of the centers of the
food industry in the region and in Russia. Nowadays, the city is
successfully implementing the individual housing construction program,
new microdistricts Niva, Nevsky-1, Nevsky-2, Krasny Khutorok, Krylatsky,
Evseev Khutor, Lebyazhye are being populated. Local food production
provides jobs to local residents and consistently high tax
contributions, including to the regional budget. Thanks to its favorable
location, the city is an important transport hub of the region, a center
of attraction for the entire east and southeast of the region
(especially thanks to the sports park, one of the largest in Russia).
The city was twinned with the Ukrainian Kupyansk; there were repeated
mutual visits of official delegations. In Soviet times, the city had
patronage over the tanker "Alekseevka" (1965-1996) of the Black Sea
Shipping Company (home port of Batumi, Georgia). Subsequently, the
tanker was transferred to the Azov Shipping Company.
From 2004 to
2018 As part of the now abolished former municipal district, the city of
Alekseevka formed the municipal entity of the same name with the status
of an urban settlement as the only settlement in its composition.
According to the 2020 All-Russian Population Census, as of October 1,
2021, the city was in 422nd place out of 1,120 cities in the Russian
Federation in terms of population.
The population grew steadily
until the Civil War, after the Second World War the growth continued, at
the end of the 2000s the growth stopped and the number began to fall
despite the fact that in 2016 the number of births exceeded the number
of deaths - the number of those who left exceeded the number of those
who arrived. This is primarily due to the outflow of young people.
Considering the cessation of the activities of city branches of higher
educational institutions (BelSU and VEPI), the younger generation of
Alekseevka is forced to leave for Voronezh, Belgorod and other large
cities in order to obtain higher education, where they ultimately remain
to live. As a result, over the past 10 years, the number of Alekseevka
has decreased by 1 thousand people and the negative trend continues to
persist. Alekseevka is a large regional center, a city of regional
significance and a place of attraction for the population of the
surrounding areas, as well as many northerners, former citizens of
neighboring states, including Russians, as well as refugees from Ukraine
(mainly the Lugansk region) - due to the good climate, in including
economic.
The city of Alekseevka is located in the forest-steppe zone of a
temperate climate. This area is represented by fertile black soil, but
is located in a zone of risky agriculture. About 532 mm of precipitation
falls annually. Summers can be dry, and winters can be frosty, due to
the continental nature, with a temperature difference of at least 40
degrees. The main climate-forming factor of the area is the change of
winds: approximately along the Alekseevka - Valuiki line there is a line
of high pressure (Voeikov axis), to the northwest of which westerly
winds predominate, bringing precipitation from the Atlantic, and to the
southeast dry winds of eastern directions predominate. The greatest
influence of this climate and wind divide is felt in winter. At this
time of year there are frequent snowfalls and thaws, and in the spring -
cold temperatures and precipitation. In the warm season, dry winds blow
more often from the Asian mainland. A characteristic feature of the
climate is the great instability of the distribution of precipitation
not only in different years, but also across seasons. The most
precipitation falls in summer - 30-40% (the maximum occurs in July), the
least in winter - 15%. The first snow falls in October - November.
Stable snow cover reaches an average of 12-25 cm. The duration of the
period with temperatures above +10°C is 150-158 days. The length of
daylight hours increases from 15 hours 22 minutes in mid-May to 18 hours
20 minutes in mid-June, and by mid-October it decreases to 12 hours 42
minutes. However, the climate allows for the cultivation of heat-loving
crops such as sunflowers and grapes. In the city park of culture and
recreation, more than 70 species of trees and shrubs grow, and there are
exotic plants: Kuril tea, Crimean pine, Manchurian walnut, Cossack
juniper.
Alekseevka is located primarily in the vast river
floodplain of Tikhaya Sosna under the spurs of chalk hills, adjacent to
the Russian (East European) Plain to the north. The chalk hills were
apparently formed during the Mesozoic era. The height difference can be
up to 200 meters. During spring floods, many lowlands here were once
flooded by the fuller, and now smaller, Tikhaya Sosna River, which was
navigable even under Peter the Great. To regulate the water level in the
river, a dam was built within the city. The mountains are rich in chalk,
and on the flat terrain sunflowers are grown in abundance, serving as
raw materials for the method of extracting sunflower oil invented here.
To the north of the city there is a forest - the former count or
Sheremetevsky forest, which previously adjoined, together with the
Ilovsky (Ylovsky) forest, the vast Kukolov (Kukolav) forest, mentioned
in historical literature. The forest consists of a variety of species
that form a multi-tiered tree threshold. In the first tier, ash, birch,
linden, and sometimes maple are almost always adjacent to the oak. In
the second tier wild apple and pear trees and rowan grow, and in low
places - bird cherry. The third tier includes a variety of shrubs: hazel
(hazelnut), euonymus, hawthorn, blackberry, rose hip, honeysuckle,
viburnum, elderberry, broom, willow (silver willow).
There are
pine forests on the hillsides and in the floodplain to the northeast of
the city.
To the south of the city there is a predominantly
steppe landscape on rough terrain with ravines, ravines, tracts and
small copses. Steppe vegetation is represented by feather grass, adonis,
anemone, forget-me-not, sage, and clover.
The grassy vegetation
of the area is represented by forb-meadow and forb-mixed steppe species.
Meadow vegetation: plantain, meadow fescue, meadow clover, timothy,
sorrel. Weeds: hogweed, rattle, horse sorrel, wormwood, burdock. In the
swampy area there are a lot of reeds, marigolds, and reeds.
Aquatic vegetation is very diverse: sedge, arrowhead, grazing grass,
water iris, horsetail, marsh reed, cattail, urut. In quiet pools grow
water lilies, water lilies, water lilies, telores, and small duckweed.
The fauna inhabiting the forests include wild boars, roe deer,
badgers, foxes, and wolves. The class of birds (permanently living and
visiting) is rich and diverse: quails, partridges, woodpeckers,
nuthatches, crossbills, sparrows, crows, tits, bullfinches, cuckoos,
swallows, starlings, nightingales, larks, rooks, etc.
Numerous
orders of rodents live in fields and meadows: mice, hamsters, gophers,
rats, hares. Insectivores: shrews, moles; reptiles: snakes, lizards. The
river and ponds are inhabited by fish: crucian carp, roach, chub, rudd,
perch, bream, carp, pike. The ponds are inhabited by ducks, geese,
herons, swans, and beavers. There are numerous representatives of the
insect class.
When municipalities were formed in accordance with Federal Law No.
131 “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in
the Russian Federation,” the city of Alekseevka became part of the
municipal district “Alekseevsky District and the City of Alekseevka,”
becoming the center and only populated area of the urban settlement
“Alekseevka City.”
The urban settlement was abolished on April
19, 2018 with the transformation of the Alekseevsky municipal district
into the Alekseevsky urban district.
Alekseevsky Agrotechnical College, located at: st. Pobeda, 119,
founded on November 1, 1907 as a vocational school. The building was
built according to the design of the architect V.V. Velichko (Kharkov)
at the expense of a wealthy peasant - the owner of the creamery A.A.
Samoilenko.
Alekseevsky College. The main building is located at: st.
Pobeda, 22. The educational institution was founded on May 26, 1958,
when a one-year agricultural school was transformed into an agricultural
technical school. Since September 13, 2013, Alekseevsky College of
Economics and Information Technologies (formerly a technical school) and
Alekseevsky Pedagogical College (established on July 1, 1986) have been
merged into Alekseevsky College.
Secondary school No. 1 - located at:
st. Remeslennikov, 6. Founded in 1916, in a new building since 1967. In
2016, a major reconstruction of the school building was carried out.
Secondary school No. 2 - located at: st. Lev Tolstoy, 10, founded in
1912. In the 1960-1970s. extensions to the school were built. In 2017-18
A major reconstruction of the school buildings was carried out.
Secondary school No. 3 - located at: st. V. Sobiny, 10, founded in 1964.
In 2018-19. A major reconstruction of the school building was carried
out.
Secondary school No. 4 - located at: Komsomolskaya st., 51,
founded in 1912-1914, in a new building since 1976.
Basic secondary
school No. 5 - located at: st. Gagarina, 14. Founded in 1958, in 2016 a
new extension building was built and the main building was
reconstructed.
Basic secondary school No. 6 - located at: st.
Chkalova, 62, founded in 1876.
Secondary school No. 7 - located at:
Slobodskaya st., 91, opened on September 1, 1994.
State budgetary
special (correctional) educational institution for students with
disabilities “Alekseevskaya special (correctional) general education
school - boarding school of the VIII type” - located at the address:
Krasnohutorskaya deadlock, 2 (Krasny Khutorok microdistrict).
Private
secondary school "Belogorsky class" - located at the address:
Krasnogvardeisky district, village. Malobykovo, st. Belaya Vezha, 1,
founded in 2004.
The municipal budgetary organization of additional
education "School of Arts" of the Alekseevsky district of the Belgorod
region is located at the address: Mostovaya St., 84. The school was
founded on June 29, 1960.
Municipal budgetary institution of
additional education "Children and youth sports school" of the municipal
district "Alekseevsky district and the city of Alekseevka" of the
Belgorod region.
Municipal budgetary institution of additional
education “Station of Young Technicians”, located at st. Gagarina, 1,
created in July 1972.
Municipal budgetary institution of additional
education “Station of Young Naturalists” of the Alekseevsky City
District, located at st. Remeslennikov, 6 A, created in August 1980.
Municipal budgetary institution of additional education "House of
Children's Creativity" of the Alekseevsky urban district, located at:
pl. Nikolskaya 5, is the legal successor of the House of Pioneers and
Schoolchildren, which was opened in 1948.
Non-state educational
institution Alekseevskaya STS DOSAAF of Russia - located at: st. Pobeda,
44.
The training center of the branch of CJSC "EFKO Management
Company" is located at the address: st. Timiryazeva, 3A, opened on July
22, 2003.
Previously, there was a branch of the Voronezh Economic and
Legal Institute (VEPI, until 2009) and the Alekseevsky branch of the
National Research University "BelSU". The branch was opened in
accordance with the order of the Ministry of General and Professional
Education of the Russian Federation dated May 25, 1999, No. 1417. The
branch ceased activities in accordance with the order of the Ministry of
Education and Science dated September 30, 2016 No. 1246. Today,
cooperation between Alekseevsky College continues (mainly in information
technology ) and the Innovation Center “Biryuch” of the EFKO Group of
Companies (mainly fat and oil production and oleochemistry) with
Voronezh University.
The basis of the modern economic base of the city and region are 65
manufacturing enterprises, which employed 6,300 people as of the end of
2017. Basically, these are food industry enterprises with a turnover of
68.9 billion rubles per year. During the period from 2013 to 2017, there
was a positive growth trend in the volumetric indicators of industrial
enterprises. Large enterprises include:
A plant for the
production of refined and unrefined sunflower oils and mayonnaise and a
plant for the production of specialized fats and margarines of the EFKO
company. It is the largest city-forming enterprise and employer in the
region. Products under the Sloboda brand are known far beyond the
region, including exported to other countries, winner of the “100 Best
Products of Russia” competition, 2018. In the past, there was a plant
for processing essential oils, primarily anise and coriander (“ ganus
plant"), founded in 1897 by the Riga merchant Gaberkorn. The plant was
considered large and was mentioned in provincial and all-Russian
collections of statistical data (1912). By the Decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 14, 1972, the ether plant
was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor for its achievements in the
development of production, development and implementation of advanced
equipment and technology.
OJSC "Alekseevka Khimmash" Once the largest
city-forming enterprise, one of two of its type in the USSR. Built on
the initiative of A.P. Kirilenko. The first stage of the plant was put
into operation in 1974.
CJSC "Alekseevsky Milk Canning Plant" - put
into operation on December 28, 1960. The plant's well-known product is
condensed milk "Alekseevskoye" - laureate of the "100 Best Products of
Russia" competition, 2018.
CJSC "Alekseevsky Sugar Factory" (ceased
its activities in 2018).
CJSC "Bread Factory" (part of the
Agro-Industrial Corporation "Stoilenskaya Niva").
OJSC Boiler
Equipment Plant.
CJSC Alekseevsky Feed Mill (built in 2013, part of
the APK DON Group of Companies).
OJSC Alekseevsky Meat and Poultry
Plant (closed 2010)
Planned investment projects include the creation
of an industrial park on the basis of Alekseevka-CHIMMASH OJSC.
The city is connected to regional settlements by road and railway
transport.
The Valuiki-Liski South Eastern Railway line runs
through Alekseevka. The Alekseevka station was opened in December 1895
during the construction of the Kharkov - Balashov railway line of the
South Eastern Railway. Suburban passenger transportation is carried out
by electric trains along the routes "Alekseevka - Liski - Alekseevka"
and "Alekseevka - Valuiki - Alekseevka". Travel time on both routes is
approximately 2 hours (in one direction), routes 2 times a day (plus
back). The number of long-distance trains passing after the events of
2014 in Ukraine has been significantly reduced; they run from Kyiv to
Baku and Baku to Kyiv. In the 1980s, a trailed compartment car operated
with the service “Alekseevka - Moscow (Paveletsky Station) -
Alekseevka”.
A public road of regional significance “Belgorod -
Pavlovsk” runs along the southern outskirts of the city. Registration
number (road code) 14K-1 (former registration number R-185). A category
I-III highway with asphalt concrete pavement, leading onto the federal
highways M2 "Crimea" and M4 "Don", was reconstructed and expanded in
2017.
From the southwest to the north, a public road of regional
importance “Valuyki - Alekseevka - Krasnoe (Nikitovka - Alekseevka -
Krasnoe)” passes through the city. Registration number (road code)
14K-10. Motor road of III-IV categories with asphalt concrete pavement.
In 2018, the Ilovka-Ilyinka bypass road was built to reduce transit
flows through the city.
Bus routes provide intercity passenger
transportation to the cities of Belgorod, Voronezh, Stary Oskol,
Rossosh, Valuyki, Veydelevka. The bus departs to Belgorod and Voronezh
several times a day, several times a day to Ilyinka, Ilovka (including
transit to Belgorod and Voronezh), an electric train departs twice a day
in the directions of Valuyki and Liski (plus back), an international
long-distance train passes route "Kiev-Baku" and return, transit
Belgorod - Lugansk and back, Belgorod - Krasnodar, etc.
Distance
from Alekseevka to the nearest cities and towns (by road):
Suburban
bus routes provide passenger transportation[76] to the settlements of
the Alekseevsky district: Alekseenkovo, Afanasyevka, Batluki, Bublikovo,
Ilovka, Ilyinka, Koltunovka, Lutsenkovo, Podsrednee, Seroshtanovo,
Sovetskoye, Studeny Kolodets, Tyutyunikovo.
City transport is
available: bus routes from the bus station (railway station area) to the
city microdistricts:
No. 1 - Railway station - Peski microdistrict;
No. 2 - Railway station - Goncharovka microdistrict (via Severny
microdistrict);
No. 3 - Railway station - Krasny Khutorok
microdistrict;
No. 4 - Railway station - Dmitrievka microdistrict;
No. 5 - Railway station - 81st km. (via the Center);
No. 6 - Railway
station - 81st km. (via REP);
No. 7 - Railway station - Polyclinic -
Lebyazhye microdistrict (via Olminsky village).
All city routes
pass through the station and many through the city center (BGU stop).
Several commercial taxi services operate.
To the south of the
city there is the Alekseevka (Sloboda) airfield, a former aeronautical
chemical works site. Runway 08/26 is currently not in use.
It is
planned to create a transport logistics hub and a small aviation
(helicopter) airfield and air ambulance (during the daytime). From the
north-west there will be a high-speed railway route Moscow-South
(section Prokhorovka - Zhuravka).
Medical assistance to the population of the region is provided by:
regional state budgetary healthcare institution "Alekseevskaya Central
District Hospital".
LLC "Treatment and Diagnostic Center" Founded on
January 10, 1992.
1 Cultural and historical center “Uderevka” Stankevich Estate.” ☎ +7
(47234) 7-36-73. Located near the village. Near Garlic. The Uderevka
estate was founded in the 18th century and belonged to the noble family
of the Alexandrovs. In 1804, literary critic, professor A.V. was born
here. Nikitenko. In 1814, the estate was acquired by a nobleman, leader
of the local nobility V. I. Stankevich, the father of the famous writer
and philosopher Nikolai Vladimirovich Stankevich.
2 Historical and
Literary Museum of N.V. Stankevich, st. Stankevicha, 23. ☎ +7 (47234)
7-36-73. Located in the village. Flycatcher. A bust of N.V. Stankevich
is installed in front of the museum building. The museum exhibits tell
about the life and work of the philosopher and writer N.V. Stankevich
and the Latvian folklorist, collector and creator of folk songs
Krisjanis Baron, who lived in the Stankevich family as a home teacher
for almost a quarter of a century. The regional literary and music
festival “Uderevsky Listopad” is held annually.
3 Museum of Folk Art
(formerly the estate of M. S. Olminsky), st. Olminsky, 45. ☎ +7 (47234)
5-55-41. Located in the village. Podsrednee in a one-story house of the
late 19th century, in which the outstanding publicist, Bolshevik,
historian, literary critic M. S. Olminsky lived. The exhibition was
opened in 1992 and is dedicated to the history of the village. The
museum contains items of folk costume of the 19th century, materials
about the folk ensemble led by O. I. Manechkina, paintings by the
original artist L. N. Barbarin, memorial items of M. S. Olminsky
(Alexandrov). The museum building is a historical monument of regional
significance.
4 Windmill. Located in the village. Menyailovo. Built
in 1870 by peasant Roman Shaposhnikov.
5 Sports and entertainment
center “Belaya Vezha”. ✉ ☎ 8 906 56 77 555. Ski complex on the territory
of the Biryuch Training Center. There is a restaurant, rental of skis,
snowboards and tubing.
6 Memorable site of the end of the
Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation during the Great Patriotic War. Object of
cultural heritage of regional significance (1974).
7 Turkish Val
(SPNA). Remains of the Belgorod defensive line of 1679-1680.
8 Ecobase “Fisherman’s Farm”. ☎ +7 (910) 228-86-26. On the territory of
“Rybatsky Khutorka” there are summer campsites, cottages, a bathhouse,
saunas, a restaurant with a banquet hall, a swimming pool, children's
and sports grounds, cafes, gazebos, and rental of sports equipment.