Biryuch is located in the eastern part of the Belgorod region on the hilly bank of the Tikhaya Sosna River. A quiet, remote from large cities, a county town, which, despite its Soviet history, has retained its historical charm.
The main attractions of the city are located on Cathedral Square, to
which the main streets of the central part of Biruch radially converge.
However, the number of objects is not large; it includes several
historical civil buildings, a cathedral and a number of monuments. The
historical and Soviet past is successfully divided - on one side is the
building of the district administration and the House of Culture in the
form of the Titanic, on the contrary is an ensemble of historical
buildings.
1 Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin
Mary (Pokrovsky Cathedral). 1838
2 Trading rows. 18th century,
currently the building of the local history museum
3 The building of
the merchant Sanzharov’s trading shop. 1912
4 Former zemstvo
building. Currently the central library building
5 Biryuchenskaya
gymnasium. 19th century
Off center
6 Mitrofanievskaya Church
(cemetery).
1 Observation platform (from Cathedral Square past the museum along
the boulevard).
2 Krasnogvardeisky Museum of Local Lore, Cathedral
Square, 18. ☎ +7(47-247)3-37-99. Tue-Sat from 9.00 to 18.00, lunch from
13.00 to 14.00.
By train
The railway station of the same name on the Liski-Valuiki
line is located 13 km south of the city.
Hotel complex "Biruch".
The toponym Biryuch comes from biryuch - an iron tool hung with
bells, which in the old days heralds (biryuch) used to make
announcements in trading places, which is reflected on the city’s coat
of arms.
According to local historian Evgeniy Markov, the name of
the city comes from the word “biryuk” - a lone wolf, since there were
many wolves in this steppe and forest area, which is why the city’s coat
of arms was given by “Great Catherine through an obvious
misunderstanding.”
Located on the left bank of the Tikhaya Sosna River. 13 km south of the city is the Biryuch railway station on the Valuyki - Liski line. In the south it borders with the village of Zasosna, with which the city has close socio-economic ties. Located 145 km from Belgorod.
Biryuch is located in the MSC time zone (Moscow time). The applied time offset relative to UTC is +3:00.
Biryuch was founded on March 8, 1705 on the site of the Biryuchensky fort (at first it was called the city of the Biryuchensky Commissar or Biryuchensky Commissar) by the Cossack centurion Ivan Medkov in the Biryuchensky Yaruga tract.
The newly emerged Cossack settlement, called the Biryuchensky
Commissariat, belonged to the Ostrogozhsky regiment of the Belgorod
province until 1765, when a new civil system was introduced to manage
the suburban residents, who were renamed from Cossacks to state
inhabitants. Biryuch became part of the Ostrogozh province, and with the
establishment of the Voronezh governorship in 1779 it became a district
town. The further development of the city began to be determined by the
occupation of its inhabitants - nobles, merchants, artisans.
The
Dubovskaya suburban settlement is settled on the eastern side of the
city; Biryuchkovskaya and Zemlyanskaya are adjacent to the north and
southwest; Zasosenskaya suburban settlement is located behind Tikhaya
Sosna.
In 1796, Biryuch was annexed to the Sloboda-Ukrainian
province, but a year later, in 1797, it became part of the Voronezh
province.
In 1847, there were three Orthodox churches in Biryucha: the
Intercession Cathedral, stone, four-altar, five-domed, built in 1838. It
was erected using a tavern sum of 50 thousand rubles in banknotes
allocated by the Highest Command, as well as voluntary donations from
parishioners; Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and
Church of the Ascension of the Lord. In 1869, the Church of St. Mitrofan
of Voronezh.
There were four district institutions in the city: a
small public school (opened on November 24, 1788), a public school
(opened on July 27, 1820), a theological school (October, 1818), a
district theological school (opened on January 1, 1825). ). There was a
library at the district school. There is only one city hospital with 13
beds. There was one almshouse in the city; 7 people lived in it.
Despite the reforms of 1861, industrial production in the city remained
in its infancy, and in industrial terms Biryuch occupied one of the last
places among the cities of the Voronezh province.
At the end of
the 19th century, the city had 7 factories with 36 workers, who produced
products worth 7,875 rubles. The situation with merchants and trade was
not much better: 4 fairs were held annually in the city, at which in
1880 goods were brought and horses and livestock were brought in for the
amount of 444 thousand rubles, but only 49,940 rubles were sold.
In 1897, 13,081 people lived in Biryucha, of whom 2,216 spoke Great
Russian, 10,760 spoke Little Russian, and 2 spoke Belarusian.
In 1900, in the Biryuchensky district there were: 1193 industrial establishments, 407 trading establishments, 65 fairs and 6 bazaars.
The merchant class did not accept the results of the October
Revolution.
During the Civil War on October 31 (November 13),
1917, the Central Rada, which existed for several months in 1917-1918,
tried to extend power to this part of the Voronezh province. With the
help of Germany, Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky came to power in Kyiv.
On April 1, 1918, administrative power moved from Biryuch to the
Alekseevka settlement, and Biryuchensky district was renamed
Alekseevsky.
Grayvoronsky, most of Belgorod and Oboyansky,
several volosts of Korochansky and Novooskolsky districts of the Kursk
province, as well as part of Valuysky and Ostrogozhsky districts,
Voronezh province, were declared disputed territories during the
dictatorship of Hetman Skoropadsky. However, this did not last long; in
December 1918, Skoropadsky abdicated power. Soon the Ukrainian SSR was
formed, which became part of the USSR. Biryuch remained part of the
RSFSR.
At the height of the Civil War, the First Cavalry Army was
formed on Novooskol land under the command of S. M. Budyonny. In honor
of Semyon Mikhailovich, the city was renamed Budyonny. In the summer of
1919, the city was recaptured by the white units of the Armed Forces of
Southern Russia, which were at the peak of success. On November 19,
1919, the city again came under Red control.
On January 4, 1923, Alekseevsky district was liquidated. Biryuch,
becoming a volost center, merged with Ostrogozhsky district. By a
resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive
Committee of the RSFSR dated December 29, 1924, the former provincial
town of Biryuch was given the name Sloboda Budyonny.
On July 30,
1928, the Budennovsky district was formed, which was part of the
Ostrogozhsky district of the Central Black Earth Region.
On July
23, 1930, the districts were liquidated; the districts were now directly
subordinate to the regional center. On June 13, 1934, the Central Black
Earth Region was divided into Voronezh and Kursk regions. The Voronezh
region included 89 districts, including Budennovsky and Nikitovsky. On
January 6, 1954, the Belgorod region was re-established. Budennovsky and
Nikitovsky districts are part of it.
In 1942, the village was
occupied by the Nazi invaders. Liberated by the Red Army in 1943.
On January 8, 1958, the village of Budyonnoye was renamed the
village of Krasnogvardeyskoye, and the district was renamed
Krasnogvardeysky. In December 1962, the administrative districts were
consolidated. Krasnogvardeisky and Nikitovsky districts are liquidated,
and their territory is included in the Alekseevsky, Valuysky and
Novooskolsky districts. In March 1964, the Krasnogvardeisky district was
formed within its modern borders, with the exception of the territories
of the Pokrovsky and Uspensky village councils of the Volokonovsky
district and the village of Ramakhovo, Veidelevsky district, which were
allocated in January 1965.
On December 1, 1969, the villages of
Biryuchok, Dubovskaya, Zemlyanschina and Novaya Slobodka merged with the
village of Krasnogvardeyskoye, which became an urban-type settlement on
March 7, 1975.
On March 24, 2005, in connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of its founding, it was decided to assign the village the status of a city and return its historical name Biryuch. On January 17, 2007, the State Duma adopted a bill to rename Krasnogvardeisky to Biryuch, which was signed by the President of Russia on January 30, 2007.
The shield of the coat of arms of 1781 is divided in two: in the golden field there is a double-headed eagle, and in the upper part of the red field there is an overturned silver vessel from which the Voronezh River flows, in the lower part there is a staff hung with bells (biryuch), with which the privet convened city residents to the square.
A physical education and health complex that hosts mini-football and
basketball training and a gym;
Swimming pool "Liman";
Stadium for
playing football "Start";
Ski complex "Belaya Vezha" on the territory
of the training center "Biryuch".