Ostrogozhsk is a historical city in the Voronezh region. Although it
did not escape destruction during the Great Patriotic War, it has
preserved a lot of pre-revolutionary architecture and the atmosphere of
the old city. This, however, is not uncommon, but in Ostrogozhsk, in
addition, there is a museum that has been operating since
pre-revolutionary times with paintings by famous Russian artists and a
large local history collection. It also includes the house-museum of
Ivan Kramskoy, where the atmosphere of the Slobozhana hut in which the
artist grew up has been restored. In the vicinity of Ostrogozhsk there
are extremely picturesque landscapes of chalk cliffs along the banks of
the Don and its tributary Tikhaya Sosna, including the well-known
Divnogorye.
Ostrogozhsk was founded in 1652 as a fortress on the
Belgorod abatis line - one of the lines of defense of the Russian
kingdom from the steppe inhabitants. Its population was made up of
registered Cossacks from Little Russia, who founded one of the Sloboda
regiments in Ostrogozhsk. Under Catherine II, the military structure of
Slobozhanshchina was reorganized into a civilian one, and the Cossack
regiments into regular hussars. Ostrogozhsk became a district city
within first the Sloboda-Ukrainian and then the Voronezh province, where
over time it became second in population and importance after Voronezh
itself. By the end of the 19th century, the population of the city was
still dominated by Little Russians, and if in the city itself, according
to the 1897 census, there were a little more than half of them, then in
Ostrogozhsky district - more than 90%.
During the Great Patriotic
War, the city, like many others in the Black Earth Region, suffered
quite badly, losing, in particular, its most interesting cathedral (from
an architectural point of view, a mixture of Ukrainian baroque and St.
Petersburg classicism, something similar can be seen in the Ukrainian
Akhtyrka), although significant Some of the urban development was still
preserved or was restored. No large industry appeared in Ostrogozhsk
during Soviet times (but, they say, there were plans), and it remained a
medium-sized regional center. Some time ago, the city, in comparison
with the neighboring cities of the Belgorod region and Liski, looked
downright unkempt, but now the situation has somewhat leveled out.
Many historical figures were noted in Ostrogozhsk in one way or
another. The artist I. N. Kramskoy was born in Ostrogozhsk, and it is
with his name that the main attractions of the city are associated,
interesting even to those who are not very interested in Kramskoy’s
personality. Even before the revolution, in memory of the outstanding
fellow countryman, an art gallery was created in Ostrogozhsk with works
by the artist and his contemporaries. The gallery's collection, however,
never expanded beyond one hall, but the local history department created
within it has grown greatly and now has a very representative
collection, and the gallery has turned into a historical and art museum.
Already in Soviet times, they decided to museumize the house (hut with a
reed roof) where Kramskoy was born - it looks very nice and, despite the
restored interior, gives a good portrait of the place and time. City
architecture in general can hardly be called impressive, but, for
example, the museum building with a fire tower or the unusual entrance
to the city garden will certainly be remembered by you.
In
itself, most likely, Ostrogozhsk would attract the attention of only
enthusiastic travelers and residents of the Voronezh region, but in its
vicinity along the banks of the Don and Tikhaya Sosna stretch chalk
mountains with picturesque landscapes, including Divnogorye, which is
actively visited by travelers from all over Russia. When traveling to
this area, it is worth visiting Ostrogozhsk, especially since exploring
the city will not take you more than a few hours.
Although Ostrogozhsk suffered during the war, many historical
buildings have been preserved (list). The city symbols also include the
buildings of two museums: the fire tower of the historical and artistic
museum and the Slobozhanskaya hut of the Kramskoy house-museum (see
below).
1 Gate of the city garden, corner of Karl Marx and
Ordzhonikidze streets.
2 Monument to the fifth anniversary of Soviet
power, Kubanev square.
1 Historical and Art Museum named after. Kramskogo, Kramskogo
Boulevard, 4. ✉ ☎ +7 (47375) 4-14-81. Wed, Fri–Sun 9:00–17:30 (break
13:00–14:00), Thu 11:00–19:00 (without break), the ticket office closes
one hour before the museum closes. 50 rubles, climb to the tower 20
rubles. The museum traces its history back to 1907, when an art gallery
was founded at the city library in honor of the outstanding fellow
countryman - the painter I.N. Kramskoy. To house the gallery, according
to the design of the artist’s son, a second floor was added to the fire
station building, and the collection consisted of paintings by Kramskoy
himself, his friends and contemporaries, donated to the public museum.
At the gallery, a local history exhibition was also created, which over
time grew and became the basis of the museum. Unfortunately, during the
Great Patriotic War the museum building was very badly damaged, but most
of the exhibits were evacuated and after the war the museum was
restored.
The museum is more than representative by the standards of
the regional center. The collection of paintings occupies one, albeit
rather large, hall; Russian art of the second half of the 19th century
is exhibited there (most of the main names, as well as Kramskoy’s
children and students, are represented in one way or another). The local
history exhibition occupies a good dozen halls, covering in sufficient
detail everything connected with this area. You can climb up to the
tower, you can see from it, however, not very much.
2 Kramsky
House Museum, st. Marshaka, 14. ☎ +7 (47375) 4-20-54. Wed–Sun
9:00–17:00. 20 rub.
By train
Ostrogozhsk station is located on the Kharkov-Balashov
line (locally Liski-Valuyki), on which there are not very many passenger
trains (but there are a lot of freight trains, so be careful near the
tracks). From Liski there are 3 trains per day (1 hour), passing through
Divnogorye (25 minutes). Two of them go from Ostrogozhsk to Alekseevka
(1 hour). There are no direct trains from Voronezh.
The
long-distance train stops in Ostrogozhsk once, Kharkov-Baku (2 times a
week) - however, it is unlikely to be of any use to you. Sometimes
summer trains from Moscow to resorts pass through Ostrogozhsk.
1 Vokzal, st. Vokzalnaya, 13 (southern outskirts of the city, across
the river, 2 km from the center). You can get to the city center by bus
No. 1 (about once an hour, in the first half of the day), although if it
is not available at the time you need, it is much easier to call a taxi
or walk.
By bus
Buses to Ostrogozhsk most often run from
Voronezh (from the South-Western bus station), about 15 times a day, the
journey takes 2 hours. There are buses both from the terminal in
Ostrogozhsk and those going further to Rossosh, Olkhovatka, Alekseevka,
Podgorensky. You can go to Liski 4 times a day. There are buses to
Moscow (night), Belgorod (5 hours), Kursk (6 hours, via Stary Oskol -
2.5 hours).
There are no buses in Divnogorye.
2 Bus
station, st. Karl Marx, 59 (northern exit from the city). ☎ +7 (47375)
4-16-93.
By car
Ostrogozhsk is located on the highway, which
is marked on maps as Voronezh-Lugansk, about 110 km from the center of
Voronezh. Further from Ostrogozhsk along the same road, in the village
of Shcherbakovo, there is a turn to Liski (55 km) and the M4 highway (75
km). It is recommended to get from Divnogorye along the Liskinsky
highway; possible shorter roads are unpaved and may be broken.
The city has a local history museum, the house-museum of I. N.
Kramskoy, an art gallery named after I. N. Kramskoy, a house of
pioneers, a children's library, a regional inter-settlement central
library, the Urozhay stadium, a young technicians station (SYuT), and
the Zhemchuzhina swimming pool. ", there is a district house of culture
(MBU "House of Culture of the Ostrogozh Municipal District"), which
often hosts concerts, there is also a folk group "Blitz", a folk
ensemble "Fantasy". The leader of the “Blitz” ensemble is Alina
Valerievna Korolenko, the director of the “Fantasy” ensemble is Lyudmila
Kuzyakina. On the territory of the House of Culture there is the
Ostrogozhsky People's Theater, where in 2020 the premiere of F. M.
Dostoevsky's play “Uncle's Dream” took place. In 1987, a monument to the
artist I. N. Kramskoy was unveiled.
The city has two main parks,
five squares, as well as a large number of alleys: city park, park named
after V. M. Kubanev, Pushkin square, Filipchenko square, “Woman-Mother,
Woman-Warrior” square. Ostrogozhsko-Rossoshanskaya Operation Square
The city park, the gates and fence of which are an architectural
monument, was founded in 1863 and immediately became the most favorite
place for recreation and leisure of the townspeople. In 1908, the
entrance to the garden was decorated with a red brick gate with
contrasting white architectural details. The park is still a place of
recreation with walking paths, benches, attractions, a stage for events,
and a fountain and a registry office were opened in 2014. On the
territory of the park there is a victory monument and an alley of
heroes; it was opened in May 1967; the figures of a warrior and a young
worker are carved in stone, and above them is the image of the Mother
Motherland, calling the Soviet people to heroic deeds. On the pedestal
of the monument there is an inscription: “People! While hearts are
knocking, remember at what price happiness is won.” The authors are
sculptors A. Tolmacheva, O. Tolmachev, A. Meshcheryakov. On May 6, 2005,
on both sides of the monument, the Alley of Heroes was opened with 16
busts of Heroes of the Soviet Union, participants in the Great Patriotic
War, natives of the Ostrogozh land.
Park named after V. M.
Kubaneva is located in the very center of Ostrogozhsk. The park received
its name on March 1, 1957, when the executive committee of the Ostrogozh
City Council of Workers' Deputies decided to rename the Kommunar Park,
located on Kommunard Square, in honor of the poet Vasily Kubanev - in
connection with the 15th anniversary of his death. On the territory of
the park there is a monument to the poet Vasily Kubanev. The monument to
the poet Vasily Kubanev was erected on December 8, 1973. The monument,
two meters high, is made of gray granite with the image of Kubanev’s
profile and his words: “Either not burn at all, or burn with all your
might.” Vasily Mikhailovich Kubanev (1921-1942) - Soviet poet. Born in
the Kursk region, the family later moved to Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh
region. At the age of 15, Vasily Kubanev received first prize for his
poetry. During his short life (only 21 years old) he managed to write
more than a hundred poems. In most of his poems, Kubanev is close to the
“Komsomol poetry” of the late 1930s. The monument was erected on the
initiative of Ostrogozh Komsomol members. The author is Voronezh
sculptor Elsa Pak. A memorial sign dedicated to the 25th anniversary of
the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was installed in the
park named after V. M. Kubanev in October 2012 in memory of the
liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear
power plant. The words are carved on the black marble stele: “To the
Chernobyl victims from grateful Ostrogozh residents.”
Near the
local history museum named after I.N. Kramskoy there is a public garden
named after Pushkin; on the territory of the public garden a bust of the
great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was erected in 1999 - on
the 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth. Along the perimeter of the
dark gray granite pedestal are engraved quotes from Pushkin’s works, and
on the front side of the pedestal are inscribed the words of Fyodor
Tyutchev, dedicated to the great poet: “Russia’s heart will not forget
you, like its first love!..” Also, there are benches around the bust, a
flower bed with flowers and banners with the writer’s works. Near school
No. 1 (MKOU Secondary School No. 1) there is a park named after
Filipchenko, on the territory there is a bust of cosmonaut A.V.
Filipchenko, which was installed on July 29, 1984 in Ostrogozhsk - the
homeland of the twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut of the
USSR, General Aviation Major Anatoly Vasilyevich Filipchenko. In the
park “Woman-Mother, Woman-Warrior” there is a memorial that was opened
in September 2005, the memorial was installed with the financial support
of retired captain of the first rank Ivan Ivanovich Govorov, a resident
of St. Petersburg, who was born and raised in Ostrogozhsk, in the family
former front-line anti-aircraft gunner Maria Grigorievna Govorova. The
monument is a memorial stele with bas-relief silhouettes of a woman and
a child. On the white marble slab there is the inscription: Your feat is
worthy of glory, Woman-Mother, Woman-Warrior. On the Alley of Afghans
there is a memorial sign in honor of Afghan soldiers, which was opened
on February 15, 2010 - on the 21st anniversary of the withdrawal of
troops from Afghanistan. The names of five Ostrogozh residents who died
in Afghanistan are carved on the granite stone: V. Grigorov, P.
Tolstikov, V. Yakunin, M. Bushmanov, A. Minkov.
At the entrance
to the city from Voronezh in 2003, a memorial complex was opened in
honor of the Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation. In the center there is an
obelisk with a shield and a sword depicted - a symbol of the invincible
spirit of the Russian people, and next to it there is an authentic
Soviet 152-mm howitzer D-1 of the 1943 model, there is also an “Eternal
Flame” memorial, which was lit on May 9, 1970 on the site of a mass
grave No. 223, where those who died for the liberation of Ostrogozhsk
are buried. A total of 4,613 people were buried, of which 818 were
known. Unlike most other cities in the region, the Eternal Flame is
never extinguished; from 2019 to 2020 it underwent reconstruction. On
the territory of military unit 20155 there is a park in honor of the
Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation, in which a tank is installed; the park is
currently being reconstructed. The Great Patriotic War Memorial in
Ostrogozhsk in memory of the soldiers and officers who died in battles
on Ostrogozhsk land in 1942-1943 was built at the entrance to the city
from Voronezh. The opening took place on May 7, 2010 at the intersection
of the Voronezh-Ostrogozhsk and Ostrogozhsk-Korotoyak highways. The
obelisk is a single architectural composition, the center of which is a
15-meter stele, made in the form of a weapon bayonet. On the front wall
are the Order of the Great Patriotic War and memorial plaques with
information about the progress of the Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation and
lists of military units and formations that participated in the battles
for the liberation of the Voronezh region.
In 2020, the
embankment on the Tikhaya Sosna River was opened.
Since December
7, 1917, the regional newspaper Ostrogozhskaya Zhizn has been published.
I. N. Kramskoy was a member of the society of Peredvizhniki artists.
The Ostrogozhsk Art Gallery was founded in 1908. In addition to
paintings by I. N. Kramskoy, the gallery’s collection includes paintings
by I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov, I. K. Aivazovsky, A. I. Kuindzhi.
A number of architectural monuments have been preserved - merchant
houses of the 19th - early 20th centuries. In the center of the city
there is a memorial stone at the site of the historical meeting of Peter
I and Hetman Mazepa.
The city is located 111 km south of Voronezh, on the Tikhaya Sosna and Ostrogoshcha rivers (tributaries of the Don). In the city there is the Ostrogozhsk railway station (on the Liski-Valuiki line). The Voronezh-Lugansk highway (P194) passes through Ostrogozhsk. Belongs to the ethnographic region of Slobozhanshchina.
The climate of Ostrogozhsk is moderate continental, slightly drier
than in Voronezh.
Winters are moderately frosty, with stable snow
cover and frequent thaws. Summer is warm and humid.
Ostrogozhsk was founded in 1652 as a military fortress - a fortress
on the southern borders of Russia (as part of the Belgorod abatis line),
by registered Cossacks from the Chernigov and Nizhyn regiments of the
Zaporozhye Army, led by Colonel Ivan Nikolaevich Zenkovsky, in the
amount of 2,000 people, with families and property. According to the
royal decree, the construction of the city was entrusted to the Voronezh
governor Fyodor Arsenyev (according to other sources - Arsentyev), who
helped the Cossacks settle in the new place. The Ostrogozh fortress,
under the leadership of the governor, was built by the Cossacks together
with Moscow servicemen. The Cossacks made private buildings for
themselves.
The first fort was a wall with nine towers. The
tallest tower was called Moskovskaya and made it possible to view the
surroundings at a distance of 33 versts - to the headwaters of the Liski
and Marka rivers and to the Tatar Lipyag.
In the 1660s. The
Pyatnitsky nunnery was founded in Ostrogozhsk.
In 1670, the city actively participated in the uprising of Stepan
Razin. On September 9, 1670, an envoy from Razin, Fyodor Kolchev,
arrived here with a detachment that Zenkovsky allowed into the city. A
Cossack circle was convened in the city, at which a letter from Razin
was read out. By decision of the circle, the governor V. Mezentsev was
executed (drowned). Further, the army that went over to Razin’s side
went to Olshansk (now the village of Verkhniy Olshan), whose residents
also went over to Razin’s side. However, as a result of the conspiracy,
Zenkovsky and his associates were captured. Colonel Evdokia's wife tried
to send a messenger to the Don asking for help, but the letter was
intercepted. On September 29, Zenkovsky and several associates were
shot, and his wife’s head was cut off. Razin's ataman Fyodor Kolchev,
who incited Zenkovsky's Cossacks to revolt, was shackled in irons and
sent under escort for interrogation, first to Belgorod, and then to
Moscow, where he was soon executed on Bolotnaya Square.
For the
support of the rebels, the authorities even wanted to abolish the
Ostrogozhsk fortress and resettle the inhabitants in different parts of
the state, but the raid of the Crimean Tatars in 1673 and the successful
defense of the city from it forced them to abandon these plans. In 1681,
the Crimean Tatars last raided Ostrogozhsk and again failed to capture
it. After this, the importance of the Belgorod abatis line and
Ostrogozhsk as one of its most important points began to decline.
In the period from 1702 to 1703, the personnel of the foot dragoon
regiment of Colonel Pyotr Mikhailovich Deolov performed garrison service
in the city.
Until 1765, Ostrogozhsk was the regimental town of the Ostrogozhsky
Sloboda Cossack Regiment; in 1779-1928 - district town of Voronezh
province. The city was colloquially called Rybny, since it housed a
warehouse for fish exported to the inner provinces from the Don.
In 1696, a meeting between Peter I and Hetman I. S. Mazepa took place in
Ostrogozhsk. The Tsar called the hetman to thank him for his help in the
siege of Azov. The meeting is described in the work of K. Ryleev “Peter
the Great in Ostrogozhsk”. After 12 years, Mazepa will go over to the
side of the Swedes.
In 1705, the Ostrogozhsky regiment was
transferred to the jurisdiction of the Admiralty Affairs Order, located
in Voronezh.
In 1708, Ostrogozhsk was assigned to the Azov
province and lost its status as a military capital.
After the
abolition of the Ostrogozhsky Sloboda Cossack regiment in 1765, its
territory, like the territory of the other four Sloboda Cossack
regiments, was included in the Sloboda-Ukrainian province.
In the
1760s. Not far from Ostrogozhsk, the Germans from Württemberg founded
the colony of Riebensdorf (which can be translated as “a village near
Rybny”). In 1766, a Lutheran church was built in Riebensdorf.
In
1895, the Kharkov-Balashov railway passed through the city.
According to the 1897 census, in the city of Ostrogozhsk, 51.4%
considered themselves Little Russians, and 46.8% considered themselves
Great Russians. In the Ostrogozhsky district, the proportion of the
population who considered themselves Little Russians was overwhelming
and exceeded ninety percent of the population.
On July 20, 1899,
a public library was opened in Ostrogozhsk. It was located in the house
of the honorary citizen of Ostrogozhsk Ivan Babenychev. Its first leader
was Gleb Nikolaevich Yakovlev. Many city residents donated more than 400
volumes to the library fund. In 1910, with money collected from
residents, a two-story extension was built next to the building, which
housed the fire department. The new building housed a public library and
an art gallery.
In 1904, the Social Democratic group “Volya” was
created in Ostrogozhsk, which carried out propaganda work and
distributed leaflets. One of the leaflets - “The Truth about the Russian
War with the Japanese” - was directed against the Russo-Japanese War.
In 1917, Ostrogozhsk became one of the centers of the Ukrainian
movement throughout the Eastern Slobozhanshchina (the territory of the
Kursk and Voronezh provinces), in the city, from among the local
intelligentsia, the society "Prosvita" ("Enlightenment") and a branch of
the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (UPSR), Ukrainian
district council (in the original "Ukrainian Povit Rada m. Ostrogozhsk")
under the leadership of Arkady Petrovich Zhivotko, who was appointed
instructor of the Central Rada in the Voronezh province.
According to the memoirs of A. Zhivotko, published in the book
“Ostrogozhchina”, on December 25, 1917 in Ostrogozhsk, in the zemstvo
building, a district congress was held with representatives of the
districts of Bogucharsky and Valuysky, who addressed the Central Rada of
the Ukrainian People's Republic with a request to annex the Ostrogozhsky
district to Ukraine. However, the strengthening of the power of the
Bolsheviks and the war that soon began between Soviet Russia and the UPR
prevented this.
In October 1917, Ostrogozhsk became the first city in the Voronezh
province in which Soviet power was established.
In April-December
1918, Ostrogozhsk was occupied by the troops of the Kaiser's Germany,
after which Ostrogozhsk was formally included in the Second Hetmanate of
Pavel Petrovich Skoropadsky as a district city of the Kharkov province
under the patronage of the German Empire. After the revolution in
Germany and Skoropadsky’s flight from Kyiv, the Petliurists began to lay
claim to the lands controlled by the Second Hetmanate. Thus, the city
formally became part of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Then the city
was occupied by units of the Red Army. In the summer of 1919, there were
battles outside the city with the units of General Denikin. At the end
of 1919, the city was reoccupied by the Red Army. In the vicinity of the
city in 1920-1921. Kolesnikov's rebels fought against Soviet power.
Since 1928 it has been a regional center (before that it was a county
town). In 1928-1929 it was also the administrative center of the
Ostrogozhsky district.
During the Great Patriotic War, in October
1941, ethnic Germans from the Voronezh region (including from
Riebensdorf) were deported to the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions within a
week. Ostrogozhsk was later occupied by Wehrmacht troops and Hungarian
contingents (from July 5, 1942 to January 20, 1943).
In 1957, the
village of Novaya Sotnya (a former Cossack settlement) became part of
the city.
In 2014, the city was awarded the honorary title of the Voronezh region “Settlement of Military Valor.”
Among the main enterprises of the city are a tannery and food
industry enterprises (meat processing plant, malt production plant).
Previously, there was also a plant for the production of bricks and
ceramic products “Ostrogozhskaya Ceramics” (another name is
“Ostrogozhsky Brick”), a carpentry plant, a butter and cheese plant, an
auto repair plant, and a bread factory. In 2021, the bread factory
ceased operations.
The following hotels are located in the city:
“Olympus”, “Rassvet”, “Castle” and mini-hotel “Petrovsky”. Mobile
communications in Ostrogozhsk are provided by four mobile operators:
MTS, Beeline, MegaFon, Tele2.
Until June 1, 2012, military unit
No. 20115 of the Russian Automotive Troops was located in the city of
Ostrogozhsk (disbanded), and in its place the military automotive
training center “K” operates.
Military unit No. 20115 of the
Russian Automobile Troops was renamed VC No. 20155 and resumed its
activities in July 2014.
The city was built on the ancient Ostrogozhsky settlement at the
confluence of the Ostrogoshchi River (now dry) into Tikhaya Sosna. This
river gave the city its name.
The origin of the name of the
Ostrogoshchi River is controversial. Since Ostrogozhsk was built on an
old settlement of unknown temporary location, the name probably comes
from the word “ostrog”. There is also a possible connection with the
Slavic gozd, goshcha (“forest”). According to V.P. Zagorovsky, the name
“Ostrogoshch” is ancient Russian, it comes from the Old Slavic male name
“Ostrogost”.
The life and work of numerous representatives of Russian history are
connected with the city. Prominent representatives of the Tevyashov
noble family lived in the city, in particular Colonel Stepan Tevyashov,
Brigadier Stepan Tevyashov, Vladimir Tevyashov and others. The
philosopher Grigory Skovoroda lived in the Tevyashov house. The fates of
the Decembrist poet Kondraty Ryleev (lived in Ostrogozhsk in 1816-1818),
philosopher Nikolai Stankevich, artist Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887; born in
Ostrogozhsk), poet Samuil Marshak (studied at the Ostrogozh gymnasium),
children's writer are connected with Ostrogozhsk Polien Yakovlev
(studied with Marshak), writer Gabriel Troepolsky. In the first quarter
of the 20th century, cultural and political life in the city was
developed by the future Ukrainian journalist and politician Arkady
Zhivotko. The Russian writer Elizaveta Militsyna (1869-1930) was born in
the city. Russian chemist and pharmacist Alexander Iovsky was born in
Ostrogozhsk.
Russian historian Nikolai Kostomarov
(5.16.1817—4.19.1885) served in Ostrogozhsk, worked on studying the
history of the Ostrogozhsky Sloboda Cossack Regiment. Colonel General
Pavel Dankevich (1918-1988), a participant in the Finnish and Great
Patriotic Wars, commander of the 43rd (Vinnitsa) Rocket Army (since
1961), deputy. Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces for
combat training (1963-1974). Cosmonaut Anatoly Filipchenko lived and
worked in Ostrogozhsk. Natives of Ostrogozhsk are the military pilot and
crew commander of the Osoaviakhim-1 stratospheric balloon Pavel
Fedoseenko, the Soviet military leader Veniamin Gaidukov, as well as the
Russian lawyer, president of Tyumen State University Gennady Chebotarev.
Born in Ostrogozhsk
Iovsky, Alexander Alekseevich (1796-1857) -
Russian chemist and pharmacist.
Kramskoy, Ivan Nikolaevich
(1837-1887) - great Russian artist.
Solovyov, Lev Grigorievich
(1837-1919) - Russian artist.
Militsyna, Elizaveta Mitrofanovna
(1869-1930) - Russian writer.
Steinberg, Eduard Antonovich
(1882-1935) - Russian artist.
Fedoseenko, Pavel Fedorovich
(1898-1934) - Soviet aeronaut, commander of the crew of the
Osoaviakhim-1 stratospheric balloon
Nikitenko, Ivan Kuzmich
(1901-1980) - Soviet military-technical figure, major general of the
engineering and technical service.
Vasilyeva, Olga Aleksandrovna
(1921-1996) - female sniper of the Great Patriotic War.
1 Korotoyak 16 km northeast of Ostrogozhsk, on the Don. Behind the
medium-sized (by the standards of the Black Earth Region) village lies
one of the main historical places in the area. Korotoyak, like
Ostrogozhsk, was founded during the construction of the Belogorodskaya
Zasechnaya Line, but was inhabited not by Little Russian Cossacks, but
by settlers from Central Russia, which is why its national composition
was noticeably different from Ostrogozhsk. During the Azov campaigns of
Peter I, one of the shipyards where the Russian fleet was built operated
in Korotoyak. Later, the city suffered several devastating fires and
epidemics, industry and crafts practically never appeared in the city,
and back in the middle of the 19th century, Korotoyak was called more
like a village than a city (despite its large population by the
standards of a county town). Nevertheless, a significant part of the
history of Divnogorye, including the legend about the appearance of the
miraculous Sicilian Icon of the Mother of God, is connected specifically
with Korotoyak. In 1923, it was deprived of its city status, and during
the Great Patriotic War it was destroyed almost to the ground. Now 4
times fewer people live in Korotoyak than 150 years ago, and practically
nothing has been preserved from its former history.
2 Korotoyakskaya
steep, northern outskirts of the village of Korotoyak. Huge chalk slopes
facing the Don River. There are also small, compared to Divnogorye,
Korotoyak Divas.