The Stavropol Territory is located in the south of Russia, in the
central part of the Ciscaucasia. In the west, it borders on the
Krasnodar Territory, in the north - on the Rostov Region, in the
northeast - on Kalmykia, in the south - on the republics of the North
Caucasus: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia,
Chechnya, Dagestan.
In 1774, as a result of another
Russian-Turkish war, Russia annexed the Kuban and Kabarda. The
Azov-Mozdok defensive line of 10 fortresses is being laid along the new
border, the annexed territory is gradually being colonized. Having
briefly been part of the Astrakhan province, by decree of Alexander I,
the steppes of Ciscaucasia form the Caucasian province with the center
in the most developed fortified outpost at that time - Georgievsk. A few
decades later, the administrative center was transferred to Stavropol,
and a little later the province became Stavropol. Stavropol becomes the
common name of the region.
The Stavropol Territory is divided
into two very different parts: northern and southern. The north is
occupied by flat, dry steppes, the population density is low, and the
inhabitants are mainly employed in agriculture. The south of the region
is foothills and mountains, most of them belong to the region of the
Caucasian mineral waters. Kavminvody is one of the best recreational
areas in Russia, the most interesting sights of the region are also
located here.
Stavropol
Kislovodsk
Lysogorskaya Stanitsa
Mineralnye Vody
Pyatigorsk
Yessentuki
The main attractions of the region are natural, and most of them are
located in the Kavminvod region. Although Kavminvody is primarily
associated with narzan, vacationers will be offered both therapeutic mud
and health paths - health walking routes. All this is complemented by
beautiful landscaped parks. The Kavminvod Mountains belong to laccoliths
(failed volcanoes) of an island type: they are not connected into a
single mountainous country, but rise above the Podkumka valley
separately. The mountains are low - from 700 to 1400 m - and compact,
and therefore very accessible for climbing: in Kislovodsk and
Pyatigorsk, you can climb to the top of the mountain in the morning, and
return to the city center by lunchtime. On the slope of Mount Razvalka
in the vicinity of Zheleznovodsk there is a unique geological monument -
a permafrost grotto, and not far from it is a cave with bats. In total,
there are 17 laccoliths in the region, all of them are natural
monuments. Outside the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the steppe is rather
monotonous. On it you can pay attention only to Strizhament - the
highest point of the Stavropol Upland, on top of which a piece of virgin
unplowed steppe has been preserved. The northern slopes of Strizhament
are made of limestone layers and cornices, bizarrely broken by erosion -
this place was nicknamed Stone Chaos.
The most significant
cultural event of the region took place in 1840, when “our second
everything” arrived in Pyatigorsk - M. Lermontov. All his later works
were written in the Caucasus, they repeatedly describe the cities and
nature of Pyatigorye. In each city of the Caucasian Mineral Waters,
Lermontov places are included in the mandatory excursion program. Fans
of the "Hero of Our Time" can visit the place of the duel between
Pechorin and Grushnitsky - a rock in the vicinity of Kislovodsk -
however, this will require an off-road vehicle or at least a bicycle.
There are no significant architectural antiquities in the region.
Budyonnovsk, which is located on the site of the medieval Madjar, a
major trade and hub on one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, can
be considered the most ancient city with some stretch. The ruins of
Madzhar were preserved until the beginning of the 20th century, when
they were finally dismantled into bricks by local residents. In several
cities of the region, the remains of fortresses from the time of the
Russian conquest of the Caucasus have been preserved, but in Stavropol
this is an unimpressive piece of the wall, in Georgievsk the artillery
cellars are now in a closed area, and the Kislovodsk fortress is a later
reconstruction. The oldest and most remarkable church in Stavropol is
St. Nicholas Church in Georgievsk. According to one version, it was
built even before the colonization of Stavropol: the Don Cossacks,
moving to the Caucasus, dismantled the church in their village and
transported it to Georgievsk. True or not, this is the only, albeit not
rich, example of Baroque in the region. At the end of the 19th century,
among the metropolitan public, it became fashionable to relax on the
waters, and in the cities of Kavminvod, dachas and hotels began to be
built in the then fashionable Art Nouveau style, which have partially
survived to this day. There is also a bit of Art Nouveau in Stavropol.
However, all this Art Nouveau has a deep provincial tinge; local
architects were far from the capital's examples of this style. In the
same period, graceful metal drinking galleries were erected in
Pyatigorsk and Zheleznovodsk - at that time the largest metal buildings
in the country - and a monumental empire-style mud bath similar to Roman
baths was being built in Essentuki. The Soviet Empire did not bypass the
Stavropol region either: in Kislovodsk in the 1930s-1950s, the best
Stalinist architects built a dozen and a half sanatoriums;
Unfortunately, now their territory is closed for free visiting.
The presence in the Stavropol Territory of a large balneo-resort
region Kavminvod allows you to combine recreational tourism with health
tourism. The minimum duration of a spa voucher is 14 days, it usually
includes accommodation, three meals a day and treatment using mineral
water, mud, therapeutic walking and climatotherapy. In total, there are
more than a hundred sanatoriums in the region, and each resort in the
region has its own specialization:
Zheleznovodsk - diseases of
the digestive system, kidneys and urinary tract;
Pyatigorsk -
diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, skin and blood
vessels;
Essentuki - diseases of the digestive system, liver, biliary
tract and metabolic diseases;
Kislovodsk — diseases of the
cardiovascular system.
There are two airports in the region. The largest of them, serving
not only the Stavropol region, but also most of the North Caucasus, is
Mineralnye Vody (IATA: MRV). In addition to numerous flights to St.
Petersburg and three airports in Moscow, you can fly to Minvody from
Yekaterinburg and a number of cities in the near abroad - Yerevan,
Tashkent, Bishkek and Baku. There is also a convenient flight to
Istanbul, from where you can find a transfer to any other destinations.
Stavropol Airport (IATA: STW) is very inactive and, it seems, is not
closed only for reasons of prestige: the regional capital is supposed to
have its own airport. Three or four flights a day from Moscow are
noticeably more expensive than to Minvody, flights to St. Petersburg and
Istanbul periodically appear and disappear.
The Central-Northern
Caucasus railway runs through the western part of the Stavropol
Territory, through Nevinnomyssk and Minvody, with a dead-end branch to
Kislovodsk. The regional center is located away from the main railway
line: although you can get to Stavropol by train from Kropotkin
(Kavkazskaya station), it is faster and cheaper to do this by minibus
from Nevinnomyssk. Suburban traffic Georgievsk-Budennovsk is dying and
can be canceled at any time; traffic on the branch Stavropol-Elista has
long been closed.
The main road in the region is the federal
highway P217/M29 "Caucasus", which starts in the Krasnodar Territory,
crosses the Stavropol Territory and goes further to Kabardino-Balkaria,
North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya and ends in Dagestan. In the
direction of Karachay-Cherkessia from Mineralnye Vody there is a
picturesque highway A157. If you come to Stavropol from the Rostov
region, feel free to choose not the M4, but the P269: the road is
narrow, but of good quality, and most importantly, it is almost always
empty.
A large bus operator, Stavavto, offers e-tickets for all of its flights, both within the Stavropol Territory and to neighboring regions.
Due to the proximity to the North Caucasus, the cuisine in Stavropol
has a distinct Caucasian accent: many, if not most, establishments will
offer you shish kebab and lyulya. In the dairy departments of stores you
can find Kabardian milk and Karachay ayran - they are not stored for
long, and therefore they rarely get outside the North Caucasus and the
Stavropol Ciscaucasia. Unlike them, alcoholic products of Stavropol
factories are supplied throughout Russia. Wines and cognacs of the
Praskoveya winery will please only the most unpretentious consumer; on
the contrary, the products of the Strizhament factory - balms, tinctures
and vodkas - deserve high marks and will become a good souvenir from
Stavropol.
The resorts of Kavminvod have their own specifics of
public catering: the Soviet system of sanatorium recreation assumes that
holidaymakers live in a sanatorium with full board, because of this,
there are fewer canteens and cafes in these cities than, for example, in
the resorts of Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory. This feature is less
pronounced in Pyatigorsk, but very clearly visible in sleepy
Zheleznovodsk.
A large number of plants grow in Stavropolsky, the pollen of which
can cause allergies, including birch, poplar, and ragweed.
When
going out into nature, measures should be taken to protect against
ticks. Unlike central Russia, local ticks live in open areas, not in
forests, and carry Crimean hemorrhagic fever, for which there is no
vaccine yet.
It is located in the central part of Ciscaucasia and on the northern
slope of the Greater Caucasus. The Stavropol Territory stretches for 285
km from north to south and for 370 km from west to east.
The
extreme northern point of the region (46°14′ N) is located 21 km
northwest of the village of Manychskoe; extreme southern (43°59′ N) -
south of the village of Galyugaevskaya; extreme western (40 ° 48′ E) - 5
km west of the village of Raduga; the extreme eastern (45 ° 47′ E) - 18
km northeast of the village of Bakres.
In the west and southwest,
the Stavropol Territory borders on the Krasnodar Territory, in the
northwest on the Rostov Region, in the north and northeast on Kalmykia,
in the east on Dagestan, in the southeast on the Chechen Republic, in
the south on North Ossetia-Alania , Karachay-Cherkess and
Kabardino-Balkarian republics.
Most of the territory of the Stavropol Territory is occupied by the
Stavropol Upland, which passes in the east into the Terek-Kuma Lowland
(Nogai Steppe). In the north, the upland merges with the Kuma-Manych
depression. In the strip of foothills, the region of the Caucasian
Mineral Waters stands out with laccolith mountains, up to 1401 m high
(Beshtau). The highest point of the region reaches 1603 meters above sea
level.
Minerals - natural gas, oil, polymetals containing
uranium, building materials. The most famous gas fields are
Severo-Stavropolsko-Pelagiadinskoye (reserves of about 229 billion m³)
and Sengileevskoye; gas condensate - Mirnenskoe and Rasshevatskoe; oil -
Praskoveyskoe.
The potential of the geothermal waters of the
region is high, four large deposits have been explored: Kazminskoye,
Georgievskoye, Tersko-Galyugaevskoye and Nizhne-Zelenchukskoye with a
total debit of 12 thousand m³ / day.
Stocks of building raw
materials at the end of the 1990s: clay for the production of bricks and
tiles - 90 million m3, expanded clay - 12 million m3, silicate products
- 125 million m3, sand and gravel materials - 290 million m3, building
stone - 170 million m3, glass — 4.6 million tons.
The special
wealth of the region is mineral healing waters. In the 2000s, about 1370
m³/day is used, which is only 10% of the potential.
The climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is -5 °C (in the mountains up to -10 °C), in July from +22 ... +25 °C (in the mountains up to +14 °C). Precipitation falls: on the plain 300-500 mm per year, in the foothills - over 600 mm. The duration of the growing season is 180-185 days. There are 16 meteorological stations of Roshydromet operating on the territory of the region (as of the beginning of 2018).
The main rivers are Kuban, Kuma, Malka, Podkumok, Zolka, Kalaus,
Yegorlyk, Bolshoi Zelenchuk, Kura, Manych, etc. There are few lakes:
Tambukan Lake (with reserves of therapeutic mud), part of Manych-Gudilo
Lake, Tsagan-Khak Lake, Sengileevsky reservoir, Kravtsovo Lake, etc.
There are 25 hydrological posts on the territory of the region that
monitor water levels and other important parameters of rivers and
reservoirs, and 1 hydrological station (in Pyatigorsk).
The
rivers and waste channels of the region have a significant energy
potential, realized in the 2000s in the amount of up to 750 million
kWh/year.
The Stavropol Territory is located mainly in the steppe and semi-desert zones. Soils are mainly chernozems (southern and ordinary) and chestnut (light chestnut, chestnut and dark chestnut). Forb-grass and cereal steppes predominate, in the east and northeast - sagebrush-grass vegetation with solonetzes and solonchaks. The steppes are mostly plowed up.
In the high areas of the Stavropol Upland there are massifs of broad-leaved oak-hornbeam forests (areas of the forest-steppe). Rodents (ground squirrels, voles, hamsters, jerboas, etc.) live in the steppe, eared hedgehogs, weasels, foxes, and wolves live. In the floodplains of Kuma there are reed cats and wild boars. There are a lot of waterfowl on lakes and swamps.
On September 15, 1961, a resolution was adopted on conferring the status of a state natural monument of regional significance: Oak forest on the Prikalausky heights, Stone Sheds cave, Semistozhki tract, beech forest on Vorovskolesky heights (Chumatsky forest), St. the Kuban River near the village of Barsukovskaya, the Belomechetsky sand pit, the Karmalinovsky sand pit, the Batalinsky mineral spring, the Batalinsky cave, the areas of yew berry in the Bekeshevsky and Borgustansky forestries, the rocks "Battleship" and "Destroyer", a beech site on Mount Strizhament, Lopatinskaya forest dacha, Stone chaos on the northern slope of Mount Strizhament, a strip of rocks and slumped blocks of Middle Sarmatian limestone in the upper reaches of the Tatarka beam, the Fourth beam, the Kosyakinsky sand quarry, the Lermontov rock, the Lermontov waterfall, the group of rocks "Red Stones", "Ring-mountain", Pyatigorsk large failure, mountains : Mashuk, Dubrovka (Shaved), Beshtau, Sharp, Dumb, Honey, Iron, Razvalka, Bryk, Kutsai, Camel, Dagger, Kokurtly, Snake, Bald, Golden Mound, Dzhutsa, Bull, Yutsa, Sheludivaya.
On August 17, 2001, state nature reserves of regional significance were formed: "Alexandrovsky", "Arzgirsky", "Debri", "Forest Dacha", "Beshtaugorsky", "Vostochny", "Novoselitsky", "Priozerny"
The Stavropol Territory was formed on February 13, 1924 as the
South-Eastern Region (krai). April 18, 1926 the beginning of the work of
the regional radio. Oct 16 1924 - March 13, 1937 - North Caucasian
region. On March 13, 1937, after the death of Sergo Ordzhonikidze, to
perpetuate the memory of the revolutionary, the North Caucasian
Territory was renamed Ordzhonikidze. On February 22, 1938, five northern
regions of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(Achikulaksky, Karanogaysky, Kayasulinsky, Kizlyarsky, Shelkovskaya)
were transferred to the region. Of these, the Kizlyar Autonomous Okrug
was formed with the center in the city of Kizlyar. Thus, the territory
began to include 2 autonomous regions (Karachaevskaya and Cherkesskaya),
1 district, 39 districts and 8 cities of regional subordination.
On January 12, 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR, the administrative center of the region, the city of
Voroshilovsk, was renamed Stavropol, and the Ordzhonikidze Territory was
renamed Stavropol.
On January 23, 1943, the region was liberated
from the Nazi invaders.
On October 12, 1943, the Karachaev
Autonomous Region was abolished.
On December 27, 1943, the
Priyutnensky district was transferred from the abolished Kalmyk ASSR.
On March 22, 1944, after the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Grozny region was formed,
which included all the districts of the liquidated Kizlyar district.
On January 14, 1952, the Stepnovsky District was transferred to the
Stavropol Territory from the Astrakhan Region and renamed Stepnoy.
On March 14, 1955, by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed
Forces, the Klukhorsky district was transferred to the region from the
Georgian SSR.
On January 12, 1957, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region
was formed as part of the Stavropol Territory, to which the Stepnoy and
Chernozemelsky regions were transferred, and the Karachay-Cherkess
Autonomous Region, to which Zelenchuksky, Karachaevsky and
Ust-Dzhegutinsky regions were transferred.
On July 19, 1958, most
of the territory of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was separated from the
Stavropol Territory and transformed into the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet
Socialist Republic.
On September 30, 1958, by decree of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Spitsevsky district of
the Stavropol Territory was renamed the Staromaryevsky district;
abolished: Kayasulinsky district (with the transfer of its territory to
the Achikulaksky district), Novoselitsky district (with the transfer of
its territory to the Aleksandrovsky and Prikumsky districts), Stepnovsky
district (with the transfer of its territory to the
Vorontsovo-Aleksandrovsky district) and Shpakovsky district (with the
transfer of its territory is part of the Staromaryevsky and Trunovsky
districts.
On October 8, 1958, by decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Stavropol Territory was awarded the
Order of Lenin.
On February 1, 1963, by decree of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the following districts were formed
in the Stavropol Territory (instead of the existing ones):
Aleksandrovsky, Apanasenkovsky, Blagodarnensky, Georgievsky,
Izobilnensky, Ipatovsky, Kochubeevsky, Krasnogvardeysky, Kursk,
Levokumsky, Mineralovodsky, Petrovsky districts, Prikumsky, Sovetsky and
Shpakovsky rural areas;
Neftekumsk industrial region.
On
January 12, 1965, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
decided:
to form districts: Neftekumsk district - the center is the
working settlement of Neftekumsk; Piedmont - the center of the village
of Essentukskaya;
abolish the Neftekumsk industrial region;
Arzgirsky, Alexandrovsky, Apanasenkovsky, Blagodarnensky, Georgievsky,
Izobilnensky, Ipatovsky, Kochubeevsky, Krasnogvardeisky, Kursk district,
Levokumsky, Mineralovodsky, Novoaleksandrovsky district, Petrovsky
district, Prikumsky, Sovetsky and Shpakovsky rural areas shall be
transformed into districts.
On July 3, 1991, the Karachay-Cherkess
Autonomous Region seceded from the Stavropol Territory and became the
Karachay-Cherkess Soviet Socialist Republic.
On July 17, 2014, the Duma of the Stavropol Territory adopted the Law
"On awards in the Stavropol Territory", which regulates relations in the
field of awards in the Stavropol Territory, determines the legal and
organizational basis for awarding awards in the Stavropol Territory,
their presentation, wearing, storage, as well as the powers of the
executive authorities of the Stavropol Territory Territory, state bodies
of the Stavropol Territory, local governments of municipalities of the
Stavropol Territory on the establishment of departmental awards and
awards of local governments and awarding them.
Awards of the
Stavropol Territory are the highest form of encouragement of citizens,
organizations, teams of organizations for merit and special achievements
in various fields of activity aimed at the socio-economic development of
the Stavropol Territory, ensuring the well-being of the population of
the Stavropol Territory, and other merits to the Stavropol Territory.
The awards of the Stavropol Territory can be awarded to residents of
the Territory and other citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign
citizens, stateless persons, organizations, teams of organizations,
administrative-territorial formations and municipalities of the
Territory.
In 1997-2005, 15807 people, 1432 teams of enterprises,
2 municipalities were awarded.
On June 28, 2018, the Duma of the
Stavropol Territory adopted the Law “On Honorary Titles of Settlements
of the Stavropol Territory”, which establishes the legal basis for
conferring honorary titles on the settlements of the Stavropol Territory
in order to perpetuate the memory of those who died defending the
Fatherland on the territory of the Territory, events that played a
significant role in the Great Patriotic War war and other historical
periods of national history, the preservation of the military-historical
heritage, as well as the patriotic education of citizens.
The
honorary title "City of military valor", "Settlement of military valor"
is awarded respectively to cities, other settlements of the Stavropol
Territory, on the territory of which or in the immediate vicinity of
which, during the hostilities, the defenders of the Fatherland showed
courage, steadfastness and heroism;
The honorary title "City of the
military-historical heritage", "Settlement of the military-historical
heritage" is assigned respectively to the cities, other settlements of
the Stavropol Territory associated with events that played a significant
role in the military history of the Fatherland;
The honorary title
"Frontier of Military Valor" is awarded to several settlements of the
Stavropol Territory, on the territory of which or in the immediate
vicinity of which the defense line passed, where during the hostilities
the defenders of the Fatherland showed courage, steadfastness and
heroism.
North Caucasian Engineering and Geological Center (SKIGTS). Formed in
1957 in Stavropol. It is the head research organization of the Gosstroy
of Russia for engineering surveys, geoecology, hydrogeology and the
fight against dangerous geological processes in the North Caucasus.
North Caucasian Research Institute of Natural Gases (SevKavNIPIgaz).
Created on the basis of the Stavropol integrated research laboratory of
the All-Russian Research Institute of Gas (opened in 1962 in Stavropol).
North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center (until 2017 -
Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture (SNIISH)). It was formed in
1912 on the basis of the Svyatokrestovsky experimental and demonstrative
field. In 2013, he entered the structure of the Federal Agency for
Scientific Organizations with the status of a federal state budgetary
scientific institution.
Stavropol Research Institute of Hydraulic
Engineering and Land Reclamation (StavNIIGiM). Created in 1971 on the
basis of the Stavropol Experimental Reclamation Station. Currently not
active.
Stavropol Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage
Production (SNIIZhK). It was founded in 2001 in Stavropol during the
merger of the All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding,
the Stavropol Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Feed
Production, the Research Institute of Harvesting and Primary Wool
Processing and the Research Veterinary Station. It is a state scientific
institution of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the largest
scientific institution of animal husbandry in the Russian Federation.
Stavropol Research Institute for the Integrated Use of Dairy Raw
Materials (NIIKiM). Currently not active.
Stavropol Research and
Design and Survey Institute for Land Management (StavropolNIIgiprozem).
Currently not active.
Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of
Rospotrebnadzor. It was formed in 1952 on the basis of the Stavropol
anti-plague station (founded in 1934).
North Caucasian Federal University
Pyatigorsk State University
Nevinnomyssk Institute of Economics, Management and Law
Stavropol
State Agrarian University
Stavropol State Medical University
Stavropol Institute of Management
Institute of Friendship of the
Peoples of the Caucasus
Stavropol Commercial Social Institute
Stavropol Institute of Service
Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical
Institute - branch of VolgGMU
Since April 1, 2010, the Stavropol
Territory has been participating in an experiment in teaching the course
"Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (includes
"Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture", "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture",
"Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture", "Fundamentals of Jewish Culture",
"Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures, and Fundamentals of Secular
Ethics).
North Caucasian State Academic Philharmonic named after V. I. Safonov
The Stavropol State Philharmonic Society is the oldest musical and
educational organization in the region. Founded in 1902.
Almanac
"Literary Stavropol". The first issue came out on January 28, 1941
Young Leninist (03/16/1934-1941, 1950-1992) - Komsomol newspaper of the Stavropol Territory. In 1990 it was called "Morning". Closed
Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is one of the largest resort regions of the Russian Federation, which has no analogues in Russia in terms of the richness, variety, quantity and value of mineral waters and therapeutic mud.
The special economic zone of tourist and recreational type "Grand Spa
Yutsa" was created in accordance with Decree No. 71 of the Government of
the Russian Federation dated February 3, 2007 on the territory of the
Stavropol Territory. Since December 2012, the Tourist and Recreational
Special Economic Zone "Grand Spa Yutsa" of the Stavropol Territory has
been included in the North Caucasus Tourism Cluster, which is managed by
OJSC "Resorts of the North Caucasus".
Industry
The main
industries are mechanical engineering (electrotechnical equipment,
machine tools, instruments, truck cranes, trailers), electric power, oil
and gas production and processing, food (wine, oil and fat and canning
in Georgievsk, sugar in Izobilny), chemical (mineral fertilizers in
Nevinnomyssk, orgsintez in Budyonnovsk), building materials (glass in
Mineralnye Vody), light (woolen in Nevinnomyssk, leather in Budennovsk),
furniture, microbiological (Stavropol).
As of June 2021, there are 21 power plants in operation in the region
with a total capacity of 4,506.45 MW, including ten hydroelectric power
plants, one solar, eight thermal and two wind power plants
(Kochubeevskaya and Karmalinovskaya) power plants. In 2019, they
produced 14,690 million kWh of electricity (including the Kuban HPP-1,
HPP-2 and PSP, located on the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, but
organizationally included in the Stavropol energy system).
The
largest objects:
Stavropolskaya GRES — 2400 MW
Nevinnomysskaya
GRES — 1530 MW
Budyonnovskaya CCGT-TPP - 135 MW)
Kochubeevskaya
WPP — 210 MW
Bondarevskaya wind farm - 120 MW. Launched September 1,
2021
Karmalinovskaya WPP – 60 MW
Kuban HPP-3 - 87 MW
Kuban
HPP-4 - 78 MW
Egorlykskaya HPP - 30 MW
Kislovodsk CHPP — 12 MW
The volume of thermal energy production per year is about 11 million
Gcal.
Energy consumption for 2006:
Natural gas — 10 billion m³
Oil products — more than 1.2 million tons.
It specializes in the cultivation of grain and sunflower, the leading role in animal husbandry belongs to cattle breeding, fine-wool sheep breeding. Horticulture, viticulture, poultry farming, pig breeding, and beekeeping are widely developed.
Stavropol is one of the leaders in the production of tomatoes in
protected ground: the region accounts for more than 14% of the total
Russian volume of greenhouse tomatoes. In addition, the production of
salad crops: arugula, mizuna, spinach, corn, chard, tatsoi, oakleaf
lettuce. Also, cucumbers, sweet peppers and eggplants are grown in the
greenhouses of the region.
In 2020, the harvest of grains and
legumes amounted to 5.2 million tons (excluding corn). Corn harvested
376.8 thousand tons.
In 2022, as of August 8, the harvesting of
grain and leguminous crops was completed on an area of 2,216.2 thousand
hectares, the gross harvest was 8,529.2 thousand tons (excluding corn).
In particular, winter wheat was harvested from 1,792.5 thousand
hectares, with an average yield of 38.1 q/ha, 6,836 thousand tons of
grain were obtained; barley was threshed on 204.7 thousand hectares,
with a yield of 44.1 centners per hectare, the harvest was 903 thousand
tons. As of November 21, 675 thousand tons of corn were harvested from
80% of the area, the yield was 62.6 centners per hectare.
Peach and apricot orchards were planted in the Petrovsky District. In
the spring of 2021, it is planned to plant 328.6 hectares of perennial
plantations of apple, pear, cherry, plum, peach and apricot trees. The
nurseries of Plodoobedinenie Sady Stavropolye LLC of the Mineralovodsky
District, Voskhod Agricultural Enterprise of the Kirov District, K (F)
Kh Usov from Georgievsky District annually produce 4 million seedlings
for laying gardens. In the spring of 2020, 528 hectares of gardens were
planted, and in total by the end of 2020 years - 807 hectares.
The region entered the top 10 subjects of the Russian Federation in
terms of the gross harvest of fruits and berries. In 2022, 74.1 thousand
tons of apples were harvested from 3,500 hectares, which is 1.5 times
more than in 2021. In total, 50 farms in 19 districts are engaged in the
cultivation of fruit crops in the Stavropol Territory. The total
capacity of fruit storage facilities in the region is 50 thousand tons.
By 2024, provided that the annual planting area of more than 600
hectares is maintained, Stavropol farmers can plant up to 7 thousand
hectares in gardens and increase production to 100 thousand tons of
fruits.
For 2022, 188 hectares are occupied by industrial
plantings of walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds. The main enterprises where
young walnut orchards are established are concentrated in the Predgorny,
Novoaleksandrovsky, Kursk, and Kochubeevsky districts. In the
Izobilnensky District, in 2022-2023, it is planned to lay a hazelnut
garden with an area of 400 hectares. Nut growing, under suitable
climatic conditions, is considered one of the most profitable areas for
the development of horticulture.
In 2020, 26.6 thousand tons of
apples were harvested. On an industrial scale, the region is actively
engaged in summer and autumn-winter varieties of apples: "Gala", "Golden
Delicious", "Red Delicious", "Geneva", "Jeromini", "Granny Smith".
As of January 1, 2022, there were 265.2 thousand (-4.7%) heads of
cattle in farms of all categories, of which 134.0 thousand (-4.2%) heads
of cows, 370.6 thousand (-2.9%) pigs, 1195.5 thousand (-13.0%) sheep and
goats, 24126.7 thousand (+16.3%) birds, 5817 horses (-6.2%), 30056 bee
colonies (-14%).
At the moment, there are 11 dairy breeding farms
in the Stavropol Territory, three breeding plants, a gene pool farm and
seven breeding reproducers. In the breeding farms of the region, cows of
six breeds are bred: Ayrshire, Holstein black-and-white,
black-and-white, red steppe and Jersey. Tribal organizations annually
sell at least 10% of young breeding stock for the peasant farms of the
region. As of January 1, 2021, 45.9 thousand heads of cattle were kept
in the agricultural enterprises of the Stavropol Territory, including
17.5 thousand breeding stock. The share of breeding enterprises accounts
for 54.4% of the total volume of milk produced by agricultural
enterprises. In general, in the region in all forms of management at the
beginning of 2021, there were 120 thousand heads of dairy cows. Milk
production in farms of all categories in 2020 amounted to 507 thousand
tons. Increasing the productivity of dairy cattle and increasing their
number is one of the priority tasks for the development of animal
husbandry in the near future.
The railway transport of the region is a single production and
technological complex, which includes more than 30 structural divisions,
7 railway stations and 47 line stations. The railway network in the
region covers 18 out of 26 municipal districts
The main railway
is the section Armavir - Nevinnomyssk - Mineralnye Vody - Georgievsk -
Novopavlovsk - Prokhladny of the double-track electrified line Moscow -
Rostov-on-Don - Baku with single-track diesel locomotive branches to
Ust-Dzheguta and Budyonnovsk, as well as a double-track electrified
branch to Kislovodsk.
In addition, non-electrified single-track
lines were laid through Stavropol and Svetlograd from the Kavkazskaya
station to Elista with a branch to Budyonnovsk. There is also a railway
line Peredovaya - Krasnaya Gvardiya.
Large locomotive depot:
Mineralnye Vody.
The entire railway sector belongs to the North
Caucasian Railway.
Automobile transport
The main highway M29
"Caucasus" passing through Nevinnomyssk, Mineralnye Vody and Pyatigorsk,
with approach roads to Stavropol and further to Elista and Astrakhan; to
Cherkessk; to Kislovodsk; through Georgievsk, through Zelenokumsk and
Budyonnovsk to Neftekumsk and further to Dagestan and Kalmykia.
The main automobile hubs: Mineralnye Vody, Nevinnomyssk and Pyatigorsk.
Air transport
The air transport of the region is represented by
the State Unitary Enterprise of the Stavropol Territory "International
Airport Mineralnye Vody" and the State Unitary Enterprise of the
Stavropol Territory "International Airport Stavropol".
The main
air transportation is carried out through international airports:
Stavropol (Shpakovskoye) (asphalt concrete 2600×48, soil 2500×80) is
located 12 kilometers northeast of Stavropol
Mineralnye Vody
(reinforced concrete 3900×60 and 4100×48).
Pipeline transport
The region has a very dense and extended network of field and main
pipelines:
Oil pipeline of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium pumping
more than 30 million tons of oil per year to the Black Sea terminals
North Caucasian oil pipeline Baku-Makhachkala-Malgobek-Tikhoretsk with a
branch connection to PS Komsomolskaya (Kalmykia)
Gas pipeline "North
Caucasus - Center"
The Blue Stream gas pipeline with a working
capacity of 7.5 billion m³ starts from the city of Izobilny (2006)
Product pipeline Mozdok - Rostov-on-Don with branches to Stavropol and
Budyonnovsk
Dense network of field oil, gas and product pipelines,
consumer gas pipelines.
Electric transport
The main
transmission line 500 kV Rostov NPP - Stavropolskaya GRES - Ingurskaya
HPP passes through the territory of the region.
The largest
substation in the region is located in Budyonnovsk (500 kV) connecting
the systems of the North Caucasus and Dagestan with the Rostov NPP.
Urban transport
From urban transport, the Pyatigorsk narrow-gauge
tram and the Stavropol trolleybus are interesting.