Tara is a city in Omsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tara and Irtysh rivers at the point where the wooded area merges with the steppe, about 300 kilometers (190 miles) north of Omsk, the administrative center of the region. Population: 27,318 (2010 census) Tara is the first Russian settlement on the territory of the modern Omsk region, founded in 1594. The development of the city was facilitated by its location on the road from Tobolsk to Tomsk. The reason for the decline of Tara as a trading city was the passage of the Trans-Siberian Railway away from Tara. Since the nobles in Siberia usually did not have extensive land holdings, the main indicator of status was the city house. Tara has retained to this day the appearance of a typical Siberian merchant town, formed primarily by wooden civil buildings.
By plane
Tara has an airport, but there are no regular passenger
flights. The nearest passenger airport is Omsk-Central.
By train
The nearest railway station is located more than 200 km from Tara.
By car
On the highway P392 from Omsk.
By bus
17 buses a
day run from Omsk to Tara.
On the ship
During the navigation
period along the Irtysh there is a river connection to Salekhard and
Omsk.
Spassky Cathedral (1753-1776). The oldest stone building in the Omsk
region in a rare Siberian baroque style
Reconstructed fortress wall,
pl. Anniversary. Located on the site of the former Tara settlement
House of the merchant I.F. Nerpin (1794), st. Sovetskaya, 30. The first
stone civil building on the territory of the Omsk region
Trading
house of the merchant K. V. Balykov (1902-1903). eclectic style
Ensemble sq. Victory. House of Noskov, Pyatkovs and others.
Mansions
of the Tara merchants, pl. Bazarnaya.
Northern Drama Theatre. M. A.
Ulyanova.
Tara Museum of History and Local Lore.
Tara Art Gallery
(Khomyakov's house).
ice rink, ice skating
Bowling, cinema
The city of Tara was founded in 1594 by Prince Andrey Yeletsky
and a detachment of service Cossacks. The very first Russian
settlement on the territory of the modern Omsk region.
From
the tsar's order to Andrei Yeletsky: "Go to the city to put up the
Irtysh on the Tara-river, where it would be more profitable for the
sovereign in the future, to start arable land and to suppress the
tsar Kuchum and start salt ...". But the place at the mouth of the
Tara River turned out to be unsuitable for the construction of a
fortress and the establishment of arable land, so for the foundation
of the city they chose a place lower along the Irtysh, on the banks
of the Arkarka River. Nevertheless, the Tara River gave its name to
the city. There is a version according to which the city was
originally built at the mouth of the Tara River. Then, in 1669,
after a fire or a great flood, it was moved to its present place.
(The fire in 1669 is a reliable fact. The flood this year is
indicated only in the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and
Efron). Currently, not far from the village of Ust-Tara and in the
historical center of the city of Tara, archaeological excavations
are underway to establish the place of the original origin of the
city.
Tara became the first Russian settlement on the
territory of the modern Omsk region. The first city building was the
Assumption Church, and August 15 (according to the old style) (the
feast of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos) is considered
the foundation day of Tara.
In 1598, the Tara detachment
overtook Kuchum on the Irmeni River, a tributary of the Ob, and
defeated him. Tara fulfilled the historical mission started by
Ermak, and Siberia became part of the Russian state.
The
development of the city of Tara was facilitated by the road from
Tobolsk to Tomsk and trade with Bukhara, Tashkent, China, from where
trade caravans came annually. They sold sable, squirrel, fox, ermine
furs; bought silk, tea, fruits.
In 1599, beyond the Chekrusha
River, the first "sovereign's tithe arable land" was established.
The servicemen from Tara were the first in Siberia to explore
several salt lakes. Tara was a pioneer in supplying the population
of Western Siberia with salt.
In 1624, there were 263
courtyards in Tara, and the total population was 1,300 people. The
city burned repeatedly. In 1669, 380 courtyards, watchtowers and a
tyn-tar fortress, Pyatnitskaya and Spasskaya churches were burnt
down. But by the end of the 17th century, the city was rebuilt, and
at the beginning of the 18th century, the overgrown posad spread
over the prison wall and was surrounded by an earthen rampart.
During the second fire in 1709, 380 yards in the settlement, 300
outside it, 29 Tatar yurts burned down. By that time, the population
of Tara had increased to 3000 people.
In 1722, part of the
service population of Tara refused to swear allegiance to the heirs
of Peter I, the Tara revolt began. Colonel Batasov's punitive
detachment arrived from Tobolsk to Tara. Seventy rebels took refuge
in the house of Colonel Nemchinov. On June 26, 1722, 49 rebels
surrendered, and the rest blew themselves up with a powder charge.
Five of them died, the survivors were treated, postponing their
execution until they recovered. After the mass executions, the
population of Tara was almost halved, 500 of the best houses were
ruined, which is why "the city of Tara has lost its former power and
beauty, and has lost a lot of people."
In 1782, Tara became a
district town of the Tobolsk province, and on March 17, 1785, he was
awarded the coat of arms.
The city of Tara has been a place
of exile since its foundation. The first exiles were peasants,
artisans, guilty archers, townspeople, prisoners of war Lithuanians
and Poles. In exile in Tara were the Prince of Rostov, the Ladoga
archers, peasants who rebelled in the Dnieper steppes, the
Pugachevites, etc. In the 60s of the XIX century, the Catherine
state distillery was founded near Tara, where the main labor force
was exiled. In 1791, the first Russian revolutionary, A.N.
Radishchev, followed through Tara. A group of Decembrists was in
exile in Tara, including a prominent figure in the Northern Union,
V. I. Shteingel. The second period of the Russian revolutionary
movement began in the 1860s. In the 60s, the flow of political
exiles increased. In the 70s, raznochin revolutionaries and populist
propagandists arrived in exile. The economic situation of the exiles
was extremely difficult. They were not allowed to receive
remittances and it was impossible to find work. The exiles opened
workshops and established communes.
The significance of Tara
decreased significantly after the road was moved further south at
the beginning of the 19th century, passing instead of Tara through
Ishim and Omsk and, especially, after the construction, at the very
end of the 19th century, of the Siberian Railway, which also passed
the city.
In March 1918, the first county congress of Soviets took place in
Tara, which proclaimed Soviet power. The first Tara Council of
Deputies existed for only three months. From June 1918 to November
1919, the city was ruled by anti-Soviet governments, including from
November 1918 - the Kolchak government. Soviet power came to the
city after Siberia was liberated from Kolchak. The year 1919 went
down in history as a period of active partisan actions of the
detachment of Artem Ivanovich Izbyshev. After the October
Revolution, the class struggle in the Tara villages intensified.
In January 1920, the publication of a local newspaper began
here.
During the Great Patriotic War, 16 thousand tarchan
fought on the fronts, almost 7 thousand died.
Today Tara is
the second largest regional center of the Omsk region, a large
administrative center that performs a number of functions for the
entire north of the Omsk region. At the moment, in connection with
the commissioning in 2004 of a permanent road bridge across the
Irtysh River (Samsonovsky bridge), the construction of the
Tomsk-Tara-Tobolsk highway, the northern parallel of the railway,
continues.
Cafe "Fragrance of the East", st. Forge, 74.
Cafe "Old Town", st.
Alexandrovskaya, 97a.
Hotel "Irtysh, pl. Lenina, 15. ☎ +7-38171-20331, fax: +7-38171-21538.
The telephone code of Tary is 38171.
Located on the left bank of the Irtysh, 302 km from Omsk, 285 km
from the railway. station Lyubinskaya.
The city is located in
the subtaiga zone of the West Siberian Lowland. Natural conditions
are identical to the northern zone of Siberia. The zone of mixed
forests begins here - the subtaiga belt of the Irtysh region. Vast
steppes are replaced by urmans. Deciduous species of northern
latitudes - birch, aspen, willow - coexist with spruce, larch, and
pine. In some places on the slopes the walls of fir trees smelling
thick with resin rise and the caps of dumpy cedars turn blue.
Chernozem soils are replaced by turf podzols and gray forest soils.
But within the city there are no natural forests, except for a small
birch grove in the southeastern part and the Chekrushanskaya grove,
which approaches from the north-west. The soils are suitable for the
growth of green spaces. The urban area mainly has natural grass
cover.
In general, the geotechnical properties of soils allow
the construction of residential public and industrial buildings. A
number of urban areas require engineering training. When designing
and constructing buildings and structures, in each individual case,
it is necessary to carefully study the site selected for
construction.
The city is located on two terraces - upper and
lower floodplain. Within the terraces, the relief is flat, but the
difference between the levels of the terraces reaches 10-12 m. In
most of the city's territory, which does not have a pronounced
slope, local relief depressions are observed, in which there is an
accumulation of melt and atmospheric-sedimentary waters,
contributing to the swamping of certain areas territory. The upper
terrace of Tara is cut by the channel of the Arkarka river with
steep (sometimes steep) banks up to 10 m and more. Arkarka cuts off
the southeastern part of the city from the main urban massif. Coming
out to the Priirtyshskaya floodplain, it makes a winding channel
along the steep slope of the upper terrace.
Tara is in the time zone MSK + 3. The time offset from UTC is +6: 00.
The climate is moderate continental. The
continentality of the climate is high, the difference between the
average temperature of the warmest month (+18.8 ° C) and the average
temperature of the coldest month (−17.4 ° C) is 36.2 ° C (for
comparison, in Moscow it is only 25.9 ° C).
The average
annual air temperature is +1.0 ° C.
The average annual relative
humidity is 73%. The average monthly humidity is from 58% in May to
81% in November.
The average annual wind speed is 2.8 m / s. The
average monthly speed is from 2.3 m / s in July and August to 3.2 m
/ s in April and May.
Department of Housing and Utilities
The area of housing stock in
Tara is increasing mainly due to individual housing construction. Today,
more than 200 houses are under construction at various stages of
completion.
For the first time in many years, the construction of
high-rise housing has resumed. From 2007 to 2008 2 multi-apartment
reinforced concrete houses were put into operation. Currently, work is
underway to attract new investors to build multi-apartment residential
buildings in free areas of the city.
The problem of a two-story
wooden apartment building built in the first half of the 20th century
remains acute. In total, there are 89 wooden two-story houses in Tara. A
significant part of these houses is recognized as dilapidated or is in
disrepair.
land use
The total area of urban land within the
city limits is 11,864 ha, including the built-up land area of 1,383 ha.
The total area of green spaces within the city limits is 600 hectares:
parks, squares - 47 hectares, urban forests - 493 hectares, landscaping
of the road network - 60 hectares. The land is one of the sources of
filling the budget. In 2007, the city budget received 4,642.7 thousand
rubles. in the form of land tax, in 2008 - 3,235.1 thousand rubles, in
2009 it is planned to receive 3,750 thousand rubles. The sale of land
plots and the lease of municipally owned land is also a source of
replenishment of the city budget. In this regard, the municipal land
control is activated in the City Administration to identify inefficient
land users in order to increase the taxable base.
On December 18,
2008, the Council of the Tara Urban Settlement approved the Rules for
Land Use and Development of the Tara Urban Settlement of the Tara
Municipal District of the Omsk Region. The purpose of the Rules is to
create conditions for the sustainable development of the city, the
preservation of the environment and cultural heritage, the creation of
conditions for planning the territory, attracting investments, ensuring
the rights of individuals and legal entities.
Currently, work is
underway to survey land plots under multi-apartment residential
buildings.