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Assumption Cathedral is a medieval Russian Orthodox Church that was constructed in the early 1210's shortly after Yaroslavl was found. It stands on a picturesque hill overlooking Volga Embankment. For centuries Assumption Cathedral served as the main Christian temple in the city and its distinct symbol. Orthodox church was closed and later demolished by the orders of the Bolsheviks (Communists) in 1937 during their drive to eradicate religion from Yaroslavl and all of Soviet Union. and reconstructed only after fall of Soviet Union. Assumption Cathedral obviously served as a symbol of Christianity in the city and thus was demolished as a strike against people's personal beliefs. Building of a new Assumption Cathedral of Yaroslavl started in 2004 and was completed in 2010. It was consecrated on September 12, 2010 by a Russian Patriarch Kirill.
Assumption Cathedral in Yaroslavl in the 18-20th
centuries. was the Orthodox cathedral of the Rostov-Yaroslavl
diocese. It was located on the Volga and Kotorosl spit.
The
Assumption Cathedral is the first stone church in Yaroslavl. Its
construction was started in 1215 by order of the Prince of Rostov
Konstantin Vsevolodovich on the territory of the Kremlin. The temple
was solemnly consecrated in 1219 as the main temple of the city and
named according to tradition in honor of the Assumption of the
Mother of God. Unlike other churches of North-Eastern Russia, it was
built of bricks, while white stone carving was widely used in the
decoration of the facades, gilded copper adorned the doors, and
multi-colored majolica tiles covered the floor.
The ensemble
of this six-pillar cathedral with a high bell tower was exactly
repeated in the early 18th century. near Yaroslavl in the Great.
In 1501 a fire broke out and the vaults of the church collapsed.
During the clearing of the rubble, the relics of the princes of
Yaroslavl in the 13th century were found. - Konstantin and Vasily
Vsevolodovich. Then they became one of the main cathedral relics. By
1516, the temple was rebuilt, most likely on the site of the
previous one. It was a small temple, standing on a basement with a
side-chapel "on the floor" in the eastern part. Its closest analogue
can be considered the Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Moscow
Kremlin.
After 1605, an illustrated synodic began to be
compiled in the Assumption Cathedral. During the Time of Troubles,
in 1612, Dmitry Pozharsky was blessed here by Metropolitan Kirill
for the liberation campaign.
By decree of the tsar in 1642,
it was ordered to dismantle the Assumption Cathedral due to its
dilapidation and erect a new stone one in another place. By decree,
only the cellar under the church was preserved, where the "green and
lead treasury" was located. But since this room was damp, a state
chamber was built on the basis of the walls of the upper tier of the
former cathedral. In 1646, a one-story cathedral with five domes
with a high 55-meter bell tower was erected and consecrated.
In the second half of the 17th century. In Yaroslavl, government
construction was underway, in 1659 a royal decree was issued on the
construction of a new cathedral church, since the former was not
large in size and suffered from a fire that occurred on July 10,
1658, when numerous Yaroslavl buildings burned down. The cathedral
looked like a six-pillar building with five domes with stone porches
from the north, west and south, which were typical for many temples
of Yaroslavl in the 17th century. Together with the temple, an
octagonal hipped-roof bell tower was laid.
In the fire of
1670, the temple was badly damaged, after a few years it was
rebuilt. The building had a cubic Byzantine shape and five massive
chapters. The interior of the Assumption Cathedral was painted in
1671-1674, the painting was preserved without renewal until 1825.
In the next two hundred years, the temple underwent several
reconstructions, the most significant took place after 1788, when
the cathedral received the status of a cathedral due to the transfer
of the center of the diocese to Yaroslavl. In the 1720s. the western
porch was added to the cathedral; at the end of the 18th century.
the porch was remade, in 1832-1833. added a warm church to the south
wall.
In 1832-1836. designed by architect A.I. Melnikov, a
new bell tower was erected instead of the old one, the cathedral
domes were covered with gold in 1844, and at the end of the 19th
century. expanded the western porch.
At the end of the 19th
century. the cathedral had two thrones: St. Prince Vladimir and the
Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos. Archbishops Simeon, Paul and
Leonidas were buried under the vaults of the cathedral.
In
1918, the Assumption Cathedral was damaged during the anti-Bolshevik
uprising. Partial restoration of the temple was carried out in the
fall of 1924. In 1922, the temple was given for the needs of the
labor exchange, from 1930 to 1937. a grain warehouse was located
here. August 26, 1937 the cathedral was blown up, and in its place
the city park of culture was laid out.
On October 26, 2004, a
new Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God was laid. The
new cathedral is not like its predecessor. The area occupied by the
temple is 2 thousand square meters. m, the cathedral's capacity is
more than 4000 people, the height is 50 m to the base of the cross,
the bell tower is 70 m high. In the basement there is a hall of
church cathedrals, a refectory, a museum and the bishop's chambers.
On August 27, 2010, Archbishop Kirill of Yaroslavl and Rostov
held the first divine service in the new cathedral, even though not
all construction work was completed. The cathedral was consecrated
by Patriarch Kirill on September 12, 2010.