Barysaw or Borisov is a city in Belarus, the administrative center of the Borisov district of the Minsk region. The territory of the city is 46 km². The population of the city is 140,700 people (as of January 1, 2020). It stands on the Berezina River, 77 km from Minsk.
Resurrection Cathedral (1874)
Church in the name of
St. Dmitry Donskoy
Church in honor of the Nativity of Christ
Church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (1806-1823)
Church of the Holy
Spirit
Great Synagogue (early 20th century)
Synagogue "Khevre
Tylim" (1911)
Pharmacy building of the late 19th century
Railway
station building (early 20th century)
Residential buildings (early
20th century)
Rowing on the ferry crossing from the Borisov Castle to
the Berezina. Almost completely destroyed during the construction of a
shopping center and a new bridge.
Remains of the park in front of the
museum
The remains of the park near the Center for Creativity of
Children and Youth of the Borisovsky District near the street.
Dzerzhinsky
The former military town of Lyadishche is a complex of
residential and military buildings in the early 1930s.
The former
military New Town (Vatutina) is a complex of residential and military
buildings of the 2nd half of the 1930s.
The military town of Pechi is
a complex of residential and military buildings of the 2nd half of the
1930s.
The remains of an ambulance station and a fire station near
the 2nd polyclinic.
Civil architecture of the 21st century
In
2010, the construction of a new microdistrict began on the site of the
former military auto-polygon (Brilevskaya St.). The area is populated.
At the beginning of 2020, the construction of a new microdistrict
Lyadishche-2 began.
Mass grave of Soviet activists (Borisov).
Mass
grave of Soviet activists.
Mass grave of Soviet prisoners of war. st.
Chapaev. The territory of the Nazi Stalag.
Kalvary Cemetery, where
the classicist chapel (XIX century) and the new chapel (1995) are
located.
Cemetery near the village of Ugly.
Cemetery on st. First
Moscow Proletarian Division.
Jewish cemetery.
Doctor's grave in
the fortress.
Hospital cemeteries near the military hospital
German cemeteries on the street. Chalovskaya. Partially exhumed. In
their place, residential buildings and partly the 140th repair plant
were built.
Cemetery on the territory of the 740th anti-aircraft
missile unit. The former artillery range Lyadishche, the burial place of
the victims of terror by the Nazis. Partially exhumed.
Monument to the Bolshevik partisan Lucy Chalovskaya
Monument to the Bolshevik Ordzhonikidze
Monument to Bolshevik Lenin
Monument to Prince Boris
Monument to the Crew of the Cancer Tank
Monument to the cadets of the former tank school
Monument to soldiers
and officers of the 1st Proletarian Moscow Division
Monument to the
Afghans
Monument to the soldiers who died in a car accident in 1994.
Located behind the Furnaces.
Monument to the tankmen of the 10th
Dnieper tank division. Located in Lyadishche.
Monument tankers
Rotmistrov in the forest in the area.
Monument to the victims of
Nazism on the street 50 years of the BSSR.
A memorial sign in honor
of the rebels of 1863 in the forest on the outskirts of the city.
The main sports facilities of Borisov:
Borisov
Arena, capacity 13,126 spectators (football)
City stadium, capacity
5,402 spectators (football)
Sports complex (swimming, mini-football,
basketball, volleyball)
BGOUOR Stadium (football, artificial turf)
Sports and recreation complex (swimming, mini-football, basketball,
volleyball, billiards)
Teams representing Borisov in various
sports:
BATE (Belarusian football championship)
Fomalhaut
(Belarusian SSR Football Championship, Belarus Football Championship)
"Berezina" (Belarusian football championship)
"Borisov-900" (Belarus
mini-football championship)
"Berezina" (Belarusian Basketball
Championship)
BATE-BGUFC (Belarusian volleyball championship)
BATE
(Belarusian beach soccer championship)
In the Lithuanian chronicles the
city of Barysaw is mentioned under the year 1102. "In 1102, Prince
Boris Vseslavich went to the Yatvyag and, having defeated them,
returning, set the city in his name ...". The city arose at the
confluence of the Skhi and Berezina rivers and was named after the
Polotsk prince Boris (Rogvold) Vseslavich.
The first mention
of the city in the Laurentian Chronicle refers to 1127, and in the
Ipatiev Chronicle to 1128, as a fortress of the Polotsk
principality. The first settlement burned down as a result of a
strong fire, as evidenced by archaeological excavations. A new city
arose to the south, where its tributary Skha flows into the
Berezina. A wooden fortress was built on this site in the 12th
century.
The new city arose 4 km downstream of the river, southeast of its original location. On the left bank of the Berezina, at the confluence of the Prilja River with it, on an island 200 × 300 m in size, a wooden castle was built in the 12th century, which existed until the 18th century. Borisov Castle was a wooden-earth fortification, surrounded by a deep moat with water of about 2 hectares. Over time, the buildings expanded. In the middle of the 19th century, a new prison castle was built on the site of the decayed buildings of the castle. At the moment, there is a building belonging to the objects of historical and cultural value of Belarus, as evidenced by the installed memorial sign.
Due to its geographical location, by the middle of the 13th century Barysaw was one of the famous trade and craft centers. At the end of the XIII century Barysaw became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is listed in the chronicle "List of Russian cities far and near" (end of the XIV century). In 1563 Borisov received from the Grand Duke Sigismund the Magdeburg Law, which freed the inhabitants of the city from feudal duties and gave them the right to self-government.
Since 1569, after the signing of
the Union of Lublin, Barysaw until the 18th century was within the
boundaries of the Polish-Lithuanian state - the Commonwealth. In
1662, the Austrian diplomat and traveler Meyerberg Augustin passed
through the city, who left a description of the architecture, life
of the inhabitants and the vicinity of Barysaw.
Numerous wars
repeatedly ravaged and devastated Barysaw. At the beginning of the
15th century, the internecine struggle between the princes Yagailo,
Zhigimont and Svidrigailo almost completely destroyed the city.
In June 1655 near Barysaw, Prince Baryatinsky Yuri Nikitich, at
the head of the two thousandth forward regiment, defeated a
detachment of Lithuanian troops.
During the war between
Russia and the Commonwealth of 1654-1667. several times it was
occupied by either Russian troops or the troops of the Commonwealth.
He suffered serious damage during the Northern War of 1700-1721.
In 1792, King Stanislav Poniatowski of Poland granted the city
coat of arms.
Borisov became part of the Russian Empire, together with Minsk and
the Belarusian lands, after the second division of the Commonwealth in
1793, becoming a county town.
On January 22, 1796, the coat of
arms of the city was approved (law No. 17435), which was somewhat
different from the previous one. At the top of the shield is the coat of
arms of Minsk. At the bottom is the coat of arms given by King Stanislav
Augustus: two military towers with gates between them, set in a silver
field, and above them is visible the Holy Apostle Peter standing on a
cloud, who holds the keys to the city in his right hand. The coat of
arms symbolized firmness, impregnability and an open way for good
neighborliness and trade.
In 1812, Borisov was occupied by the
French and appointed the main city of a special subprefecture. The
Patriotic War of 1812 left a deep mark in the history of the city. The
Berezinsky crossing near Borisov, according to historians, became the
darkest page in the history of Napoleon's wars. The French still use the
word "berezina" (fr. Bérézina or bérézina) as a synonym for complete
failure and disaster.
Monuments near the village of Studenka and
on the Brilevsky field tell about the events of 200 years ago. In
Borisov itself, the remains of an artillery battery of Russian troops,
built on the right bank of the Berezina on the eve of Napoleon's
invasion, have been preserved. Batteries are the first historical
monument in Borisov, taken under state protection in 1926. In 1985, a
memorial sign was erected here.
In 1840, a one-class parish
school was transferred to Borisov from the provincial town of
Radoshkovichi.
In the 19th century, match factories "Victoria",
"Berezina" and a glass factory worked in Borisov.
In 1912, a
small sawmill was founded in Borisov, which still exists under the name
Borisov Sawmill.
In November 1917, Soviet power was established in Borisov. Since
1918, the city has been occupied by German troops, but already on
December 2, 1918, after the departure of the German troops, it was
occupied by the troops of Soviet Russia and became part of the
Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, and on February 27, 1919, part of
the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1919-1920
the city was occupied by Polish troops. On March 18, 1921, according to
the Riga Treaty, the territory of Belarus was divided between Poland and
the Byelorussian SSR (whose independence was recognized by Poland),
Borisov became Soviet.
Since July 17, 1924, Borisov has been the
center of the BSSR region.
The Borisov hunger riot of 1932 was
the result of the failures of the Soviet leadership in food policy,
caused confusion among local authorities and led to the partial
cancellation of unpopular measures.
On September 1, 1940, the
Borisov automobile (in the military town "Pechi" (southwest of
Novo-Borisov)) and cavalry schools were stationed in the city.
The cavalry school was formed as Minsk, but due to the lack of barracks
in Minsk, in the summer of 1940, the military school was transferred to
Borisov and received the name Borisov kavuchilische. From February 14,
1941, according to the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the
USSR No. 060, the cavu school was reorganized into an armored one,
according to state No. 17/21. The reformation was to be completed by
March 15, 1941.
Before the start of the war, the Borisov
Automobile School was transferred to the city of Gomel.
The
personnel of the armored school participated in defensive battles
outside the city in the summer of 1941. According to the directive of
the General Staff of the Red Army, on July 3, 1941, the Borisov armored
school was evacuated to the city of Saratov, and renamed the 3rd Saratov
BTU.
In early July 1941, stubborn battles took place in the Borisov region
between the 1st Moscow division of the Red Army and parts of the armed
forces of Nazi Germany (Wehrmacht).
In the period from July 2,
1941 to July 1, 1944, the German occupation authorities set up 6 death
camps in the city, in which more than 33 thousand people died. The
Jewish population of the city was driven into the ghetto by the Nazis
and later almost completely destroyed.
In the battles for the
liberation of Borisov in 1944, the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front
distinguished themselves, 13 military units and formations were awarded
the honorary title "Borisov". On Borisov land, 29 people became Heroes
of the Soviet Union, including the party organizer of the tank company
P.N. Rak. In honor of the crew of P. Rak, a monument was erected in the
city - the IS-2 tank.
On the banner of the city is the Order of
the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.
Since 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, Borisov has been part of
the Republic of Belarus.
In 2009, in connection with the
celebration of the 65th anniversary of the liberation of the Republic of
Belarus from the Nazi invaders and in order to perpetuate the feat of
the soldiers of the Red Army, partisans and underground fighters,
Borisov was awarded a pennant "For courage and steadfastness at the
bastard Vyalikay Aichynnay Vayna" (Decree of the President of the
Republic of Belarus dated June 29, 2009 No. 355).
In 2021,
Borisov was elected the Cultural Capital of the Republic of Belarus.
Borisov is a large industrial city in the Minsk region. In Borisov
there are 42 plants and factories, 16 joint ventures, 700 trade and
public catering enterprises of all forms of ownership.
Significant industrial potential. It is represented by 40 enterprises in
the fields of mechanical engineering and metalworking, instrument
making, chemical, woodworking, pharmaceutical, production of crystal
glassware, plastic products, matches and many other goods:
OJSC
"Borisov Plant of Aggregates" - production of turbochargers.
OJSC
"BATE" for the production of starters, as well as generators for
engines.
Borisov car repair plant.
OJSC "140th Repair Plant" -
repair of armored vehicles
JSC "2566 plant for the repair of
radio-electronic weapons" - repair of weapons and military equipment for
air defense, as well as other complex radio-electronic equipment and
military products
OJSC "Borisovsky Crystal" and OJSC "Belmedsteklo"
(formerly Borisovsky Crystal Factory)
OJSC "Borisov Plant
"Avtogidrousilitel" - hydraulic steering systems
OJSC "Borisov Plant
of Medical Preparations"
OJSC "Borisovdrev" - production of matches,
plywood and MDF
OJSC Borisov Meat Processing Plant No. 1 (until 2016
- OJSC Borisov Meat Processing Plant)
Borisov Pasta Factory "Borimak"
OJSC Lesohimik (formerly Borisov Wood Chemical Plant) - production of
rosin, turpentine, industrial and household chemicals
SZAO "BelGee"
is a Belarusian-Chinese car assembly enterprise
OJSC "Rezinotekhnika"
- production of rubber products
OJSC "Borisov Plant of Plastic
Products" - production of plastic products, processing of contaminated
polymers
OJSC Borisov Plant Metallist (formerly Krasny Metallist)
UE "Paper Factory" of Goznak is a manufacturer of strict reporting
forms, bond paper, school notebooks and other paper products.
In the
2000s - 2010s, a number of large state-owned enterprises of the city
were declared bankrupt and liquidated. As of 2021, the liquidation of
the crystal factory that has been operating since 1885 continues due to
bankruptcy. In 1935-2006 a piano factory operated in the city, in
1960-2007. - a household chemicals plant (attached to a plastic products
plant, production buildings are being sold), in 1969-2015. - tool
factory, in 1963-2020. - garment factory. In 2006, the Borisov
Non-Alcoholic Drinks Plant was liquidated as an independent legal
entity, its property was transferred to the cannery.
In 2006,
industrial enterprises produced goods worth 1,200 billion rubles in
current prices. In 2009, industrial enterprises produced products worth
2,150 billion rubles.
City public transport is represented by buses and fixed-route taxis.
The city has 30 bus routes, served by large buses, and 20 routes, which
are served by fixed-route taxis.
Bus traffic in Borisov was
launched in 1924. Bus traffic is served by the branch "Bus Depot No. 3",
until 1988 "Autocolumn No. 2433". City routes link the old city and the
new city. Since 2019, due to the reconstruction of Gagarin Street, many
routes have started to take a detour, and some routes have been closed.
Suburban routes connect the city with various towns and villages.
Intercity routes connect the city with other cities: Berezino, Zhodino,
Smolevichi, Bobruisk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Minsk.
In 1975, according
to a survey of the city's population, residents of Borisov expressed a
desire for a trolleybus service to be launched in the city. In the
1980s, consideration began with the further design and construction of a
trolleybus service. However, in the 1990s, due to the collapse of the
USSR, the project was frozen. In 2003, the design of trolleybus traffic
began. The trolleybus movement was planned to be launched by JSC "Plant
of Aggregates" to transport workers to the plant. It was planned to
build 2 routes that would pass through the central streets of the city.
It was planned to start construction in the second half of the 2000s,
but due to the difficult economic situation at the plant, the project
had to be curtailed. Since 2017, plans to launch a trolleybus service in
Borisov are under consideration again.
A railway connection
passes through the city, with the help of which you can go to different
cities of the Minsk region and Belarus, as well as to Russian cities:
Kaliningrad, Moscow, St. Petersburg and Adler.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the first stone buildings
appeared in Borisov. In 1806, with the completion of the construction of
the Berezina water system, which connected the Dnieper and Zapadnaya
Dvina rivers through the Berezina into a single transport line, Borisov
turned into a port and shipbuilding center on the Berezina, and began to
play an important role in trade relations between Belarusian cities.
In 1823, the construction of the Church of the Nativity of the
Blessed Virgin Mary was completed. This is the oldest building of
religious architecture preserved in the city. The Old Square, surrounded
by shopping arcades, has retained the characteristic features of the
19th century buildings. Fairs were held on this square twice a year.
In 1871, the Moscow-Brest-Litovsk railway ran through Borisov, a
railway station was built, and the industrial development of the city
spread to the right bank of the Berezina River. Now here is the
administrative cultural and industrial center of the city, the main
residential areas.
In 1927, a hyperboloid water tower designed by
Vladimir Shukhov was built in Borisov, and in the same years a number of
houses in the constructivist style were built.
The total area of
the housing stock in the Borisovsky district, most of which is located
in the district center, in 2017 amounted to 4533.4 thousand m². In the
first quarter of 2019, the average sale price of residential real estate
in Borisov was $537 per 1 m², which is 2.5 times lower than in Minsk and
slightly lower than in other large cities of the Minsk region.
Streets
There are about 270 streets in the city. The longest of them:
Lopatin, III International, Gagarin, Chapaev, Revolution Avenue,
Krasnoarmeyskaya, Factory, Sennaya, Dymki, the Normandy-Neman regiment,
Dneprovskaya, Dauman, Builders.
There is one avenue (Revolution) in
the city.
Borisov's education is 25 secondary schools, a lyceum, three gymnasiums, three secondary specialized educational institutions (a polytechnic college, a medical college, a college - a branch of the BNTU), three vocational schools, a music, art and choreographic school.
In Borisov, there is the Borisov United Museum with 41.5 thousand
museum items of the main fund. In 2016, 32.1 thousand people visited it.
Also located:
Borisov Center for Ecology and Tourism
Museum of
Nature
Museum of Soviet military equipment near the monument to the
victims of Nazism on the street. Chapaev.
House-estate named after I.
Kh. Kolodeev
Museum of JSC "Borisov Plant of Aggregates"
Museum of
OJSC "Borisov Plant of Automotive Electrical Equipment"
Events and
activities
On September 7, 2008, the XV Day of the Belarusian
Literature was held, during which over 1,000 people visited the city.
On June 13, 2019, Borisov took over the torch of the II European Games
In 2019, the regional festival "Dazhynki" was held
From 5 to 13
August 2023 Belarus will host the II Games of the CIS countries in
2023[35]. Competitions will be held in 11 cities of Belarus in 20
sports. Borisov (together with Minsk) is designated as the venue for the
Futsal Games (Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated
May 13, 2023 No. 134)