Budslau is an agro-town in the Myadel District of the Minsk
Region of Belarus on the Servach River (Belorussian Servach). The
administrative center of the Budslav village council.
The
name (Buda, Buclav, Budtslav) comes from the Slavic nickname
Budslav, which in its semantic meaning corresponds to "glorious
Buda".
Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, second half of
the 18th century — Sign "Historical and cultural value" Historical and
cultural value of the Republic of Belarus, code 611Г000422
Miraculous
Icon of the Mother of God
Altar (XVII century)
The complex of the
former Bernardine monastery: the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed
Virgin Mary, the decoration of the church: the main and side altars,
paintings, the wooden altar of the chapel of St. Barbarians, pulpit,
organ, presbytery forged lattice, outbuilding, fragments of a stone
fence, foundations of the monastery - Sign "Historical and cultural
value" Historical and cultural value of the Republic of Belarus, code
611Г000422
Plebania (XIX century)
Chapel (XIX century)
The park
was founded in 1907. Partially preserved
catholic chapel
Watermill
(1930s)
Manor and park complex Askerkov (XVIII—XX centuries)
Lost Legacy
Askerkov Palace (XVIII century)
The village first became known
since 1504, when the Grand Duke Alexander presented this area to the
Vilna Bernardine monks.
According to legend, King Stephen
Bathory (1533-1586) presented Budslav to the royal captain Jerome
Oskerko, the coat of arms of Murdelio.
In 1589 the Bernardine
monks build a wooden church.
In 1643, instead of a wooden
one, the Bernardines erected a stone church. Since that time, "Buda
became glorious, or Budslav."
On October 6, 1732, Budslav was
approved as a shtetl by the privilege of King August III.
In
1783, a stone monastery was erected, at which there were the
Bernardine church in Budslau and two chapels.
Since 1793 Budslav has been a part of the Russian Empire
of the Vileika district.
In 1800, a 2-class parish school was
opened in Budslau, the oldest of all the schools in the Vilna
province.
Since 1848, the town has been in the possession of
I. I. Oskerko.
In 1861, the Budslau estate with a farm in
Vileika district belonged to the landowner Oskerko. On the estate
there were 430 male serfs (including 21 courtyards) and 73
households, including 34 products, 20 gardeners and artisans, 19
partly on the rent, partly on the corvee. There were 890 dessiatines
(2.07 dessiatines per capita) in total comfortable land on the
estate. From 19 households, the monetary quitrent was 4 rubles. 50
kopecks Obligations in kind from all households were estimated at 3
rubles 32 kopecks. Prigon served 156 days from 34 households and 104
days from 19 households for male and female serfs. The gardeners
served 52 days for female souls. The drive was 12 days for male and
female workers, including gardeners. In addition, the following
duties were carried out from the production yards: 1) construction
as required; 2) 2 roads to Vilna; 3) removal of 1 fathom of
firewood; 4) guarding with set-off to corvee; 5) night guard in
turn. Gardeners were charged for the vegetable gardens they
occupied.
In 1868, there were 259 people and 48 households.
Since 1885 it has been the center of a volost with a population
of 327 people and 50 households. Also in Budslau there was a church,
a synagogue and a parish school.
The impetus for the
development of the town was the laying in 1907 of a railway
connection between Polotsk and Molodechno, which caused the
appearance of a corresponding station 2 km from the village.
In 1908-1910. Jan Oskerko (1871-1934), married to Kristina
Sulzhinskaya, significantly expanded and rebuilt the manor house in
Budslau.
In 1912, the teaching of the military system and
gymnastics was introduced at the Budslau parish school with a fee of
30 kopecks per lesson.
In 1912, 82 boys and 31 girls studied
at the Budslau 2-class parish school.
During the Svyantsyansky breakthrough in 1915, the German cavalry
captured the town.
On September 13, 1915, the Germans were driven
out of the town by the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Don Cossack division under
the leadership of Major General Vasily Maksimovich Kaledin.
In
1916, the headquarters of the 2nd Russian Army of the Western Front was
located in the town, which carried out the main tasks during the Naroch
operation in 1916.
From 1917 to 1919, the Budslav Belarusian Gymnasium operated.
On December 10, 1918, after the departure of German troops, Soviet power
and a communist cell were restored in the town.
Polish Republic
Since 1921, Budslav became part of Poland and became the center of the
commune of the Vileika district (povet) of the Vilna Voivodeship.
The last owner of the town of Budslav and the key of Ozertse in the
Disna district was Sigismund Oskerko (1901-1964), married to Irina
Bogdanovich.
Residents of Budslav were among the first to take
the blows of the Nazi troops as part of the Polish army during the
Second World War: underarmy Joseph Anelchik (09/10/1916, Budslav -
06/07/1945, Prech, Scotland), corporal Ignatius Galievsky (07/12/1920,
Budslav - 06/22/1944, Laretto, Italy), gunner Iosif Kravchenok
(07/03/1921, Budslav - 10/14/1942, Khanakin, Iraq).
Since 1939 - part of the BSSR.
Since 1940 - the center of the
village council of Krivichi, and since 1962 - the Myadel districts.
During the retreat of the Nazis in 1944, enemy equipment accumulated
in the vicinity of the town of Budslav. Having taken off for
reconnaissance on a PE-2 aircraft, Senior Lieutenant Viktor Pavlovich
Onishchenko revealed seven disguised cars and one armored personnel
carrier. They were high ranks of the Nazis. The pilot fired on the enemy
with a machine gun, incapacitating the equipment. The flight to Budslav
was included in the presentation for awarding Viktor Pavlovich
Onishchenko the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1970, the
population was 859 people with 318 households.
In 1976, the 25th
graduation of the Budslav secondary school took place. During this time,
829 students received matriculation certificates.
In 1996, the
population was 721 people with 300 households.
Production and
socio-cultural sphere
In Budslav there is a forestry, a secondary
school, a House of Culture, a consumer service center, and a post
office.
Museum of Local Lore named after Pavlina Myadelka State Educational Institution "Budslav Secondary School named after Pavlina Myadelka"
On the first weekend of July, the "Budslausk Fest" is held - an annual celebration in honor of the veneration of the icon of the Mother of God of Budslav