The Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Low German: Lübęk, Lübeek;
adjective: Lübsch, Lübisch, since the 19th century also Lübeckisch),
Latin Lubeca, is a city in northern Germany and in the southeast of
Schleswig-Holstein on the Bay of Lübeck, a bay of the Baltic Sea.
With around 217,000 inhabitants, Lübeck is the second largest city
in Schleswig-Holstein after the state capital Kiel, with around 214
km² the largest city in Schleswig-Holstein and one of the four
regional centers of the state. Lübeck is a member of the cooperation
network for the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
The Hanseatic
city was founded in 1143 at its current location, received town
charter in 1160 and is also known as the “City of Seven Towers”
and “Gateway to the North”. She is known as the “Queen” and
“Mother of the Hanseatic League”, a trade association that has
ensured great prosperity in Lübeck and other member cities through
free trade and peaceful cooperation since the 12th century until
modern times. St. Marien zu Lübeck is considered to be one of the
main works and the “mother church” of the brick Gothic, which was
spread throughout Northern Europe by the Wendish Association of
Cities. The preserved areas of Lübeck's old town with over a
thousand cultural monuments have been part of the UNESCO World
Heritage since 1987. Lübeck had a tradition since 1226 as a Free
Imperial City in the Holy Roman Empire and as a Free City or
city-state; it ended in 1937 with the Greater Hamburg Act.
The city is located in the North German Plain on the Lower Trave,
a navigable river that flows into the Baltic Sea about 17 kilometers
from the old town in the Travemünde district. The urban area has a
maximum extension of approximately 29 km (NE-SW axis) and 15 km
(NW-SE axis). Most of it is located in the Lübeck Basin between the
Baltic Sea coast and Lake Ratzeburg (Rothenhusen). The old town is
located on an almost two square kilometer hill that forms a river
between the waterways of the Trave and the Wakenitz. With the
breakthrough of the "Canal Trave" in the north at the end of the
19th century, the old town became an island. The maximum natural
elevation of the Altadthügel is 30 m above sea level (Marienkirche),
the highest natural elevation in the urban area is in the forest of
Waldhusen at around 45 m above sea level. The Elbe-Lübeck Canal also
runs through the urban area from Krummesse to the Trave. The
surrounding landscape belongs to the Ostholsteiner hill country and
is characterized by the Vistula Glaciation (Pleistocene). The
geographical location on the Trave, which breaks through the Baltic
ridge shortly before Travemünde, favored the development of the city
as a Baltic Sea port and founded its rapid rise to the north
European center of power in the Middle Ages.
The nearest
large cities are Hamburg around 70 km southwest, Schwerin around 70
km southeast, Kiel around 85 km northwest, Rostock around 120 km
east. Copenhagen is about 270 km northeast.
The name of Lübeck reflects the
settlement history of the area. The earliest tradition of the name
in the form Liubice can be found in the Hamburg Church History of
Adam of Bremen from the 2nd half of the 11th century (civitas
Liubice (II / 19, schol. 12) as well as the spelling variant in
leubice (III / 20) ). The origin and meaning of the name have long
and controversially discussed in linguistics and historical research
on place names. On the one hand, there was the question of the
German or Slavic origin of the name "Lübeck", which today is
unanimously answered to the effect that the name is of Slavic,
namely Polabian, origin and has the root * l'ub- (lovely, dear )
and, on the other hand, whether the place name can be traced back
directly to this meaning or via a detour via a personal name. While
the first conception founded by Wilhelm Ohnesorge (Liubice = "the
lovely one") prevailed until the middle of the 20th century, the
view that the name goes back to a patronymic of L'ub or L'ubomir (
Liubice = "(the settlement of the) descendants of L'ub / L'ubomir").
With the displacement and assimilation of the Western Slavs by
the Saxons, Saxon, later Low German, became the predominant language
in the region, and the name of the settlement Liubice was subject to
the development of the Saxon language. With the transition to Middle
Low German, the Old Saxon iu changed to a ü sound. So Liubice first
became Lübice. When, in the early Middle Low German period, the Old
Saxon palatalization of the k to sibilant sounds (such as in Kiellu
to Celle) was reversed and many of the words concerned were spoken
with the old k again, this development also included the originally
Slavic name of Lübeck, making it the common one in the Middle Ages
Name was Lübeke.
In the 17th century, Mecklenburg, to whose
dialect area Lübisch belonged, was covered by an apocopy of the e
and the e at the end of many words was shortened or left out. This
is how today's name Lübek or Lübeek came about.
A conversion
of the long e to a short one took place only to a limited extent,
and like the name of Mecklenburg, Low German authors spelled the
name with a simple k, as Lübek - or, to accommodate the
pronunciation, with a tonal e as Lübeek or Lübęk. The spelling with
ck is only due to the establishment of a common high German
spelling. However, this is only a pile of letters. Today's common
pronunciation with a short e is to be understood as a
hypercorrection based on the spelling.
The settlement of Liubice (Alt-Lübeck), founded by Slavs before 819, gave today's Lübeck its name. It was at the mouth of the Schwartau in the Trave. Since the 10th century, Liubice has been the most important Abodrite settlement alongside Oldenburg in Holstein. After its destruction in 1138, the city in its current location on the Buku hill was re-established in 1143 by Adolf II, Count von Schauenburg and Holstein, as the first German port on the Baltic Sea. Already in 1134 Heinrich the Lion privileged Baltic Sea traders and promoted Liubice, which was in competition with Schleswig. Later, after being destroyed by the Holsten and reestablished by Count Adolf II, Liubice was raised to the rank of town and henceforth called Lubeke. Lübeck prospered right from the start and many people moved to the Travestadt. Lübeck also formed an important and commercial lucrative city connection with Hamburg by land, thus further reducing Schleswig's importance. In the beginning Lübeck also competed directly with Bardowick and Lüneburg, but at the latest since the transfer of the diocese from Oldenburg to Lübeck in 1163 (1160 asked Bishop Gerold Heinrich the Lion to move the diocese to Lübeck. In 1163 the first cathedral in Lübeck was consecrated). Lübeck's regional importance was outstanding.
In 1160 Lübeck received the Soest town charter. The Artlenburger
privilege of 1161, in which Lübeck merchants were to be legally
equated with the Gotland merchants who had previously dominated the
Baltic Sea trade, was extremely important for the city. Shortly
afterwards, in June 1226, Lübeck obtained imperial freedom from
Emperor Friedrich II with the imperial freedom letter, which means
that it became a direct imperial city.
Gustav Berg shows that
Lübeck initially earned the position in the Hanseatic League and by
no means had it from the beginning and also makes it clear that the
Hanseatic League did not have a constitution that guaranteed Lübeck
this position in writing. Lübeck's regional supremacy became clear
for the first time around 1227: after Henry the Lion was overthrown,
the Danish King Waldemar II appropriated the areas between Hamburg
and the Oder, which were also granted to him by Emperor Friedrich
II. However, Lübeck and other territories did not submit to
Waldemar. With their victory in the Battle of Bornhöved on July 22,
1227 with the outstanding participation of Lübeck, they succeeded in
evading his rule. This was the first time that Lübeck appeared as
the leading player in the region.
When Lübeck finally ousted
the city of Schleswig as a serious competitor, the city of Visby, on
the island of Gotland, gained in commercial importance due to its
strategically favorable location in the middle of the Baltic Sea.
Pagel believes Visby's initial position in the early Hanseatic
period was due to the increasing insignificance of Schleswig: "The
German deficit position [was] moved from Schleswig to Wisby [...]."
ended with the Artlenburger privilege. The reason for the argument
is not known. There are only assumptions made by various authors.
Heinrich also called on people to “frequent the port of Lübeck more
often.” In addition, the document referred above all to the legal
status of Gotland seafarers in Lübeck and expressed the wish that
Lübeck merchants would also receive the same rights in Gotland.
In 1249 Lübeck attacked the up-and-coming city of Stralsund,
which had become a serious competitor in the herring business, and
thus asserted its position of power in the Baltic region for the
first time. After the victory over Stralsund, the Wendish cities,
consisting of Lübeck, Wismar and Rostock, joined forces in 1259 to
form an alliance for safe action on land and water, which other
cities followed. Among them was Visby, with whom a ten-year alliance
was concluded in 1280. As early as 1241 Lübeck and Hamburg had
signed a similar contract in which the friendship between the cities
and mutual support were confirmed. Accordingly, the two cities
undertook to "fight road robbers and other evildoers at common
expense." In addition, these two cities agreed that justice should
be exercised towards their citizens, also outside the city limits,
and that the costs for this should be borne by both cities jointly .
Lübeck gained importance through trade with Novgorod. At the
beginning it was the largest market on the eastern Baltic Sea. In
the densely populated Volkhov region, there was one of the greatest
demands for products in the West. Initially, the united Gotland
drivers of the Roman Empire, i.e. Low German merchants, drove to
Russia together with merchants from Gotland. Lübeck thus managed to
establish itself in the Russian trade within a generation after
receiving its town charter. At the beginning, the Gotlanders were
very successful in trading valuable goods from the Orient in western
Russia, but this trade ceased after the land route from the Orient
to Novgorod through Russia was no longer possible in the course of
the Mongol invasion of Eastern Europe. As a result, Visby's
importance in Novgorod declined, with the Lübeck-Novgorod trade
prospering due to the high demand for salt on the eastern Baltic
coast: The Lüneburg salt, which found its way to Novgorod via
Lübeck, ensured the increased influence of the travesty city in the
east.
Thanks to the salt and herring, Lübeck was able to meet
the high demand and thereby gain in importance in the course of the
population growth in the 12th century and the Christian fish law on
holidays and public holidays. As a result, Lübeck became the central
trading center for land trade and trading in herring and salt for
the east-west tangent. The trading of salt in Novgorod by Low German
merchants led to these traders beginning to trade the fur goods that
were so popular in Western Europe. The Low German merchants were
more established in the West than the Gotlanders, which again led to
Visby's decline in influence.
Until the end of the 13th century Visby was the upper court for
the Novgorod drivers. Lübeck's interest at that time was the
enforcement of the Lübeck law in the entire Baltic Sea region. In
this dispute with Visby, which wanted to exercise its own rights on
the merchants active in Gotland, Lübeck finally prevailed, and the
Oberhof was transferred to the Travestadt between 1293 and 1295;
Lübeck also had Visby's seal lifted for the joint merchants.
After Visby, the first capital of the Hanseatic League, was
conquered by the Danish King Waldemar IV. Atterdag in 1361, Lübeck
became the new capital of the Hanseatic League (also called Queen of
the Hanseatic League) in the 13th century after the First and Second
Waldemark Wars Städtehanse had changed. Lübeck subsequently
developed into the most important trading city in Northern Europe at
times. The association of Wendish cities was created under Lübeck's
leadership. Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian granted Lübeck gold minting
rights in 1340. In 1356 the first general Hanseatic day took place
in Lübeck. With the Peace of Stralsund, Lübeck reached the height of
its power in the Baltic Sea region. In the 14th century, Lübeck was
one of the largest cities in the empire alongside Cologne and
Magdeburg.
Lübeck's role as the leading trading power in the
Baltic Sea was increasingly endangered in the first decades of the
16th century by Dutch merchants who, bypassing the Lübeck stacks,
headed for the cities in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The war
against the Kalmar Union was followed by another loss-making war
against Denmark. After Denmark's King Friedrich I was not prepared
to leave Lübeck the Sundschlösser as reward for his help in the
capture of Christian II. In 1532, Jürgen Wullenwever tried with
military means to restore the old supremacy in the Baltic Sea area
and to influence the feud of the counts in favor of Lübeck. To
finance his military adventures, he had the church treasury melted
down, among other things. But it failed dramatically, had to leave
the city in 1535, was captured by the Archbishop of Bremen and
executed in 1537. With that, Lübeck's time as "Queen of the
Hanseatic League" was finally over. And the importance of the
Hanseatic League also dwindled.
During the
Thirty Years' War Lübeck managed to remain neutral. In 1629 the
Treaty of Lübeck was concluded between the imperial troops and King
Christian IV of Denmark. In the course of the preparations for a
comprehensive peace congress during the negotiations on the Hamburg
preliminaries in 1641, the two cities of Hamburg and Lübeck were
also discussed as congress locations. The Hanseatic cities were
represented at the negotiations and the conclusion of the Peace of
Westphalia by the later mayor of Lübeck, David Gloxin. The last
Hanseatic Congress took place in Lübeck in 1669. The three cities of
Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen were appointed as trustees for the
Hanseatic League and its remaining assets.
Thanks to the
diplomatic relations of the Lübeck city commander Count Chasot, the
Seven Years' War proceeded without major damage to the city. With
the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 Lübeck remained an imperial
city, only to become a sovereign German state with the fall of the
Holy Roman Empire in 1806. As a result of the Battle of Lübeck,
which was devastating for Blücher, the city was occupied by French
troops from November 1806 to 1813 during the Lübeck French period.
From 1811 to 1813 Lübeck belonged to the French Empire as part of
the Département des Bouches de l’Elbe.
In 1815 Lübeck became
a sovereign member of the German Confederation as a Free and
Hanseatic City of Lübeck at the Congress of Vienna. Legations and
consulates were mostly maintained together with the two sister
cities Bremen and Hamburg in important capitals and ports. The
Hanseatic resident ministers such as Vincent Rumpff in Paris or
James Colquhoun in London, who were also the last Hanseatic
stewardship, negotiated international agreements with the most
important trading partners. Each town ran the postal service for
itself. The city became an important symbol of the Vormärz through
its renewal movement Jung-Lübeck and the Germanist Day of 1847, but
survived the revolutionary year 1848 without major unrest due to the
well advanced preparation of a new constitution.
Lübeck joined the North German
Confederation in 1866 and the Zollverein in 1868 and became a member
of the German Empire in 1871; This ended Lübeck's sovereignty under
international law, which had existed since 1806. Industrialization
began at the end of the 19th century. The population grew rapidly
and the suburbs expanded with the lifting of the gates in 1864. In
1895 the German-Nordic Trade and Industry Exhibition was held in
Lübeck, for the citizens of the small city-state "their world
exhibition".
In 1897 the city got its infantry regiment
"Lübeck" (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162. During the First World War it was
among other things. used in the Battle of the Somme, the Siegfried
Line and the spring offensive of 1918.
The
collapse of the German Empire in 1918 led to a sailors' uprising in
Lübeck as the next city after Kiel, but in Lübeck, as the only state
in the German Empire, it did not lead to revolutionary upheavals due
to the November Revolution. Mayor Emil Ferdinand Fehling and all the
senators remained in office, but in the same year there was a new,
contemporary electoral law for the state and in May 1920 a new,
first democratic constitution in the modern sense.
The
citizenship member Johannes Stelling represented the Free State at
the constituent national assembly, which took place from February 6,
1919, in Weimar. With the right to vote for women, the Weimar
constitution passed there already contained much of what the
constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Basic Law,
which had come into force in 1949, was supposed to contain.
Since there have only been various series of photos for tourism, the
Senate decided. At the beginning of July 1919, to commission the
Deutsche Lichtbild-Gesellschaft to produce a film about the city.
Johannes Warncke, a board member of the Association for the
Elevation of Tourism, was made available to the two-person team from
Berlin who had come from Berlin as a local expert. The three-day
shooting in Travemünde began on July 14, 1919.
In 1930, when
the BCG vaccination against tuberculosis was introduced, the Lübeck
vaccination accident, the greatest vaccination accident of the 20th
century, occurred in the city.
As early as 1932, the NSDAP had the second largest parliamentary
group in the Lübeck Senate after the SPD. A speech by Adolf Hitler
planned in Lübeck in 1932 could not take place, however, as no
suitable place could be found for it.
In March 1933 the NSDAP
in Lübeck enforced the "Gleichschaltung" combined with the
resignation of the SPD mayor Paul Löwigt and the other social
democratic senators and the democratic constitutional principles
were suspended; Friedrich Hildebrandt, the Reich governor for
Mecklenburg and Lübeck, appointed his deputy, Otto-Heinrich
Drechsler, as mayor on May 30th. The dispute between the National
Socialists and the democratic parties led to the arrest of Julius
Leber on February 1, 1933. Willy Brandt (at that time still under
his maiden name Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm) could only escape
persecution by fleeing to Scandinavia. As a result of the Greater
Hamburg Law in 1937, Lübeck lost its 711-year-old territorial
independence and became part of the Prussian province of
Schleswig-Holstein.
As part of the recently issued British
Area Bombing Directive, on 28/29. March 1942 - Palm Sunday night -
the Royal Air Force launched an air raid on Lübeck, targeting the
densely built medieval old town. In this first area bombing of a
large city, a total of 320 people were killed and 1,044 buildings
destroyed or damaged, among them the Marienkirche, the Petrikirche
and the cathedral.
In 1943, four clergymen (Lübeck martyrs)
were sentenced to death and executed for “broadcast crimes,
treasonous enemy favoring and disintegration of the military force”.
On May 2, 1945, troops of the British Army occupied the city,
the further destruction of which was avoided by the German Major
General Kurt Lottner by removing the explosives already attached to
the bridges and quay walls. One day later, the Cap Arcona, on which
concentration camp prisoners had been abducted, was erroneously sunk
by Allied airmen in the Bay of Lübeck. On May 4, 1945, Hans-Georg
von Friedeburg finally signed the surrender of all German troops in
northwest Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark in Lüneburg on behalf
of the last Reich President Karl Dönitz, who had fled to
Flensburg-Mürwik.
Lübeck became part of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein,
which was formed by the Allies, but enjoyed an exceptional status of
municipal authority in the field of cultural policy and monument
preservation. Statehood was denied in the 1956 Lübeck judgment. The
division of Germany separated Lübeck from the Mecklenburg part of
its hinterland, but gave its ferry port Travemünde a privileged
position in ferry traffic between Western Europe and the Baltic Sea
countries of Sweden and Finland. Since German reunification, Lübeck
has again been the regional center for western Mecklenburg.
On January 18, 1996, ten people died in an arson attack on asylum
seekers' accommodation in Hafenstrasse, 30 were seriously injured
and 20 were slightly injured. The fact could not be resolved until
today.
From the late Middle Ages to the middle of the 19th century, Lübeck's population was between 20,000 and 30,000. In the second half of the 19th century, the population increased sharply. In 1912 it was finally over 100,000, making Lübeck statistically a major city. At the time of incorporation into the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1937, around 146,000 people lived in the previously free city; at the start of the war in 1939 it was almost 160,000. As a result of the Second World War, the population increased extremely rapidly within a short time due to the immigration of refugees and displaced persons from the east and was around 250,000 at the end of 1945. In addition, 11,580 displaced persons from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania who had fled the Red Army were accepted in Lübeck. In 1968, the city's population peaked again at over 243,000. Since around 1980 the population has remained largely stable at around 210,000 to 220,000 inhabitants. The changed situation after German reunification in 1990 had no long-term impact on population development. Today around 11.5% of the people living in Lübeck do not have German citizenship.
From the total area of the Lübeck city area are:
36.8%
arable land and green areas
28.1% settlement area
13.6% water
surface
12.1% forest areas
9.4% traffic areas
The city
area of Lübeck has been officially divided into ten city districts
since the restructuring by the citizenship resolution of September
28, 1972. These, in turn, are divided into a total of 35 city
districts. The ten districts with their official numbers and the
number of inhabitants:
01 city center (around 14,000 inhabitants)
02 St. Jürgen (about 45,500 inhabitants)
03 Moisling (about
11,000 inhabitants)
04 Buntekuh (about 11,000 inhabitants)
05
St. Lorenz-Süd (about 15,500 inhabitants)
06 St. Lorenz-Nord
(about 43,500 inhabitants)
07 St. Gertrud (around 41,500
inhabitants)
08 Schlutup (about 6,000 inhabitants)
09 Kücknitz
(about 18,500 inhabitants)
10 Travemünde (about 13,500
inhabitants)
Other names of districts such as university
district, Ringstedtensiedlung, gemstone settlement or planetary
settlement do not correspond to the administrative structure.
The Lübeck districts have each developed their own image over
time.
01: The city center is the tourist center of Lübeck,
the oldest and smallest district in terms of area. The city center
is mainly located on the old town island between Trave and Wakenitz,
which extends roughly two kilometers from north to south and one
kilometer from west to east. Some of the main buildings that are
part of the inner city are located on surrounding smaller islands,
such as the Holsten Gate, which is located at the foot of the
so-called Wall Peninsula. About three quarters of the buildings in
the old town were not destroyed in World War II. To leave the city
center, you have to cross a bridge in the old fortification belt
around the city with the Trave and the ramparts. The suburbs are
therefore not directly connected to the medieval old town as in most
other cities. Only 7% of the population of Lübeck live in the old
town.
02: In the south of the old town and on the Wakenitz
peninsula also encompassing the eastern outskirts of the old town
lies the St. Jürgen district, which is by far the largest in terms
of area; is shaped. In the south, St. Jürgen runs out into the
Lauenburg landscape with a wide green belt full of fields and
meadows. In the east, the district is bordered by single-family
houses and finally by the Wakenitz. Due to the former German-German
border, an untouched, species-rich nature reserve has emerged in the
Wakenitz-Auen. The two largest universities in Lübeck, the
university and the technical university, are located in St. Jürgen.
St. Jürgen was originally a suburb with market gardens and pastures.
Today there are only four nurseries left, because most of the green
areas have been built on. The most important new building projects
are the university district, which was designed as a mixed
residential and business district, and the Bornkamp development
area.
In the extreme south of Lübeck, there are several
village districts such as Vorrade, Beidendorf, Wulfsdorf and
Blankensee with the airport, which still belong to the St. Jürgen
area.
The borderline in the village of Krummesse is unusual.
Here the old farms with their hooves belong alternately to Lübeck
and to the Duchy of Lauenburg, so that the territorial affiliation
resembles a patchwork quilt. Krummesse (Lübeck and Lauenburg part)
has the postcode 23628. The telephone code is 04508.
It is
also strange that the Klein Grönau district (addresses: Hauptstrasse
65a – 65e and 70c – 70e), which consists of only a few houses, can
only be reached by road via the Lauenburg community of Groß Grönau.
The postal code 23627 and the telephone code 04509 have been taken
over from Groß Grönau.
03/04: Beyond the railway tracks in
St. Lorenz-Süd follow the two districts of Buntekuh and Moisling,
which are characterized by apartment blocks from the 1960s. In
Buntekuh there are also extensive industrial areas along the A 1. In
contrast to Buntekuh, Moisling can look back on centuries of
history. As early as the 17th century there was a settlement here,
which at that time still belonged to Denmark and was mainly
inhabited by Jews. There is still a Jewish cemetery here today. The
district of Buntekuh owes its name to a rural estate that existed
here until the end of the 1950s. The estate in turn was named after
the Hanseatic cog "Bunte Kuh", which led the attack on the pirate
Klaus Störtebeker in 1401.
05/06: West of the Holsten Gate are the two suburbs of St.
Lorenz-Nord and St. Lorenz-Süd, which are separated by the railway
line. It is named after the St. Lorenz church on Steinrader Weg,
which dates back to the chapel of a plague cemetery from the 16th
century. A suburb for the lower and middle classes was built here in
the middle to the end of the 19th century, and a developed
working-class culture soon established itself there. Willy Brandt
was born in 1913 on Meierstrasse in St. Lorenz-Süd. Karl Friedrich
Stellbrink, one of the Lübeck martyrs during National Socialism,
worked at the Luther Church in St. Lorenz-Süd. Apartment buildings
and industrial operations (Drägerwerk) still dominate the two
districts today. There are only a few green spaces.
07: The
suburb of St. Gertrud, directly adjacent to the old town in the
north, is characterized by classicist summer houses and Wilhelminian
style villas around the city park and the Wakenitz. Further to the
east there are some Wilhelminian-style and more modern residential
areas for all social classes. The fishing village of Gothmund, which
is well worth seeing, is located on the Trave with some thatched
fishermen's cottages. This is also where Lübeck's Lauerholz forest
is located, in which the former border with the GDR can be traced
further south.
08: Beyond the Lauerholz municipal forest is
the small district of Schlutup, which is characterized by its
fishing port on the Trave. It is changing into a modern paper
transshipment port. Before the fall of the Wall, the northernmost
border crossing point between the Federal Republic and the GDR was
in Schlutup: the transit route to Rostock and Sassnitz on the B 105.
09: North of the Trave is Kücknitz, the old industrial quarter
of Lübeck. Up until the 1980s, pig iron, coke, cement and copper
were produced here at the metalworks. The Museum of Workers' Culture
in the Herrenwyk history workshop is a reminder of this. Adjacent to
the industrial site there are still residential buildings on the
factory estate. Otherwise, the district is characterized by row
buildings and residential houses from the post-war period in the
“Roter Hahn” residential area, as well as older and newer
single-family houses. An important part of the port of Lübeck is
located in Kücknitz, which includes a newly built container
terminal. The Flenderwerft, the traditional shipyard in the
district, filed for bankruptcy in 2002. Since 2006 there is a ferry
terminal of the Lehmann Group on the former shipyard of the
Seelandkai of the Lübeck port company.
10: At the mouth of
the Trave lies Travemünde, which was acquired by Lübeck in the 14th
century and has been recognized as a seaside resort since 1801. In
addition to the old town center around the St. Lorenz Church, there
are villas built in the seaside resort architecture from the time
before the First World War. Broad sandy beaches of the Baltic Sea
are located in the north of the village and on the opposite side of
the Trave on the Priwall peninsula, the southern part of which is a
nature reserve, while the northern part was extensively developed
for tourism in the 2010s. Until German reunification, the Priwall
bordered the GDR in the east and could only be reached by ferry.
South of the Priwall lies the Pötenitzer Wiek, a large bay on the
Trave, which, due to its proximity to the border, has been preserved
as a species-rich area. The Skandinavienkai, the largest Baltic Sea
ferry port in Germany, is located in the south of Travemünde. From
there ferries go to many Baltic ports such as Trelleborg, Helsinki
and Ventspils.