Stuttgart (Swabian Schduágórd; around the year 950 Stuotgarten;
original meaning Stutengarten) is the state capital of the state of
Baden-Württemberg and with 632,865 inhabitants (December 31, 2022) its
most populous city. With 3053 inhabitants per square kilometer, the
sixth largest city in Germany is one of the most densely populated
communities in Germany. The city of Stuttgart forms the center of the
Stuttgart region, which has around 2.8 million inhabitants and is one of
the largest conurbations in Germany. It is also the core city of the
European metropolitan region of Stuttgart (about 5.5 million
inhabitants), the fifth largest in Germany. Stuttgart has the status of
a city district and is divided into 23 city districts. As the seat of
the state government and the state parliament as well as numerous state
and some federal authorities, Stuttgart is the political center of the
state. It is the seat of the Stuttgart Regional Council, which
administers the administrative district of the same name. The regional
parliament of the Stuttgart region, one of the three regions in the
administrative district of Stuttgart, meets in Stuttgart-Mitte. In
addition, Stuttgart is the seat of the Evangelical Bishop of Württemberg
and part of the Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. The city is an
important business and financial center.
The cityscape of
Stuttgart is characterized by many hills, some with vineyards, valleys
such as the Stuttgart basin and the Neckar valley, green spaces such as
the Rosensteinpark, Schlossgarten and Killesbergpark as well as dense
urban development with a high proportion of post-war buildings, various
monuments, churches and some high-rise buildings.
In the center of Stuttgart is the Stiftskirche, the main church of
the Evangelical Church in Württemberg. It was first dated in 1170, after
which it was extended, destroyed and rebuilt several times. It is
considered a landmark of the city center.
The Evangelical
Leonhardskirche is the second oldest church founded in the old town of
Stuttgart. Today's church has its origins in a chapel dedicated to St.
Leonhard around 1337, which probably initially served as a station for
pilgrims on the Way of St. James.
The evangelical hospital church
was a late Gothic hall church that was built between 1471 and 1493 for
the Dominican order.
The evangelical town church of St. Germanus
was built in Untertürkheim in 1478, but was first mentioned in a
document as early as 1289. According to one chronicler, the church was
possibly built as a thank you for a few very fruitful years and led to
Untertürkheim becoming an independent parish.
The St. Eberhard
Cathedral (formerly: Stadtpfarrkirche St. Eberhard) has been the second
cathedral church in the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart since 1978. In
1808 the foundation stone was laid for this first new Catholic church in
Stuttgart since the Reformation. The church was consecrated on October
1, 1811.
St. Barbara was built in 1783/1784 as a Catholic church
in Hofen. Pilgrimages to the Stuttgart Madonna, which the last Catholic
pastor of the Stuttgart collegiate church had brought to Hofen in 1535,
have been organized since 1954.
In Mühlhausen is the Evangelical
St. Vitus Chapel, built in 1380. Wall paintings from the 15th century
with scenes from the Bible and the legend of Vitus are of art-historical
importance.
The Martinskirche in Plieningen is the oldest church
in Stuttgart. The wooden early church was built around 600 AD. The
origin of the Romanesque stone building lies in the St. Martinuskirche,
which was built in the Mönchhof in the 12th century.
The largest
church in Stuttgart is the Gospel Forum of the free church of the same
name; 2200 visitors have space here.
The Old Castle is located in the center of Stuttgart on the
Schloßplatz and dates back to a moated castle from the 10th century. The
first castle was built around 950 to protect the mare's garden. The New
Castle is in the immediate vicinity. The foundation stone for the
baroque residence of Duke Carl Eugen was laid on September 3, 1746, and
it was only completed in 1807. After the end of the monarchy, the New
Palace became the property of the state of Württemberg in 1918.
Hohenheim Castle is located in the district of Hohenheim. It was built
between 1772 and 1793 by Duke Carl Eugen for his later wife Franziska
von Leutrum. Today the palace is mainly used by the University of
Hohenheim and is surrounded by the Hohenheim Gardens.
Solitude
Castle (French: solitude) was also built under Duke Carl Eugen from 1764
to 1769 as a hunting and representational castle. Located on a long
ridge between the cities of Leonberg, Gerlingen and the Stuttgart
districts of Weilimdorf and Botnang, it offers an unobstructed view to
the north of the Württemberg Unterland in the direction of Ludwigsburg.
Akademie Schloss Solitude is a foundation under public law that awards
residency grants to artists for six or twelve months. During the
scholarship period, the artists live and work in 45 furnished studios
located in the two former office and cavalier buildings of the palace.
The Natural History Museum is housed in Rosenstein Castle. It was
built between 1822 and 1830 under King Wilhelm I in a classical style.
It is located on the edge of the Neckar valley in the middle of the
Rosenstein Park, which was created at the same time. The castle offers
an unobstructed view of the mausoleum, the burial chapel on the
Württemberg Hill, built for King Wilhelm's second wife, Catherine
Pavlovna.
In the east of Stuttgart, the Villa Berg and the
surrounding park were built on behalf of Crown Prince Karl of
Württemberg between 1845 and 1893. The villa, built in the style of the
Italian Neo-Renaissance, acted as the initial building of the southwest
German villa architecture of the 19th century.
Originally
intended as a “bathhouse”, construction began in 1842 on the first
building, known as Wilhelma on the instructions of the king. The
architect Ludwig von Zanth managed to combine what was understood by the
Moorish style with the skills of German craftsmen, the living needs of a
Swabian monarch and the Central European climate. When the Wilhelma was
inaugurated in 1846 on the occasion of the wedding of Crown Prince Karl
to the Tsar's daughter Olga Nikolaevna, there was a ballroom, two main
buildings with several court rooms, various pavilions, greenhouses and
spacious parks.
The Wilhelmspalais on Charlottenplatz was a
residence of the last King of Württemberg, Wilhelm II. It was built
between 1834 and 1840 primarily as the residence of his two eldest
daughters, Marie and Sophie. For many years, the building housed the
Stuttgart Central Library and, following renovations, now houses the
City Museum.
With its Stuttgart Opera, Stuttgart Ballet and Schauspiel Stuttgart
departments, the Staatstheater Stuttgart is the largest three-category
theater company in the world. The main venues are in the Upper Palace
Garden and were built as the Royal Court Theater by the Munich architect
Max Littmann between 1909 and 1912: the opera house (formerly the “Big
House”) has been largely preserved in its original state, while the
theater (formerly the “Small House”) was destroyed in World War II and
from 1959 to 1962 replaced by a new building designed by Hans Volkart at
the same location. In addition, the Kammertheater (opened in 1983) and
the Studiobühne Nord (opened in 2010) are among the venues of the
Staatstheater. A total of almost a thousand performances take place at
the state theaters each season. The Stuttgart Opera was voted Opera
House of the Year a total of six times. The Stuttgart Ballet is one of
the world's leading ballet companies.
The Schauspielbühnen
Stuttgart consists of the venues Das Alte Schauspielhaus and Komödie im
Marquardt. The old theater was built in 1909 on the site of a former
barracks and was the most renowned theater in the city until the small
house of the state theaters reopened in 1962. The Komödie im Marquardt
was founded in 1951 in the former Hotel Marquardt and primarily serves
comedic entertainment. The theaters in Stuttgart are the straight
theaters with the highest number of viewers in Baden-Württemberg and are
therefore among the top five German straight theatres.
The Center
for Puppet Theater (FITZ) has been in the cultural area Unterm Turm for
over 20 years, where the Junges Ensemble Stuttgart (JES) has also been
located since 2003. The tri-bühne theater can also be found here.
The free Forum Theater is based in the youth and culture center
Forum 3. The main focus here is on dramatic and theatrical content.
The Friedrichsbau Varieté was brought back to life in 1994 in a
rotunda in the new building of the Friedrichsbau on historical grounds
after the magnificent Art Nouveau building had burned out completely
during the Second World War. After termination by the owner L-Bank, the
theater moved to the Pragsattel in 2014.
The art of pantomime has
a nationwide unique and special status in Stuttgart. This is due to the
pantomime theater Makal City Theater GmbH, which can be seen as a guest
and touring theater, as well as the international pantomime theater,
which has its home in the east of Stuttgart with year-round pantomime
events and performances with black theatre. There is also the
opportunity to learn the art of pantomime at a professional level. The
founder of pantomime in Germany is the master pantomime Peter Makal
"Ambassador of Art".
The Rosenau cabaret stage in the west of
Stuttgart can look back on a long and traditional history. It also
serves as a young people's stage in the areas of cabaret, comedy and
cabaret. Due to the special combination of cultural and culinary
offerings, the Rosenau is also known as the "living room of the west".
The nationally best-known literary cabaret in Stuttgart is the
Renitenztheater. It was founded in 1961, making it the oldest cabaret
stage in the city.
The puppeteers in the "Theater am Faden" have
been making puppets and marionettes, which they often made themselves,
dance since 1972. Other puppet theaters are the "Theatre in the Bathtub"
in Höhenpark Killesberg and the "Theater Tredeschin" in Haussmannstraße.
The "Theater La-Plapper-Papp" has been calling itself a stick puppet
theater since 1960.
The theater in the old town in the west can
be found on Rotebühlstraße after the first wooden building burned out in
1969, eleven years after construction.
Nelly's puppet theater
plays with puppets and marionettes for children from the age of three.
The Theater am Olgaeck, which focuses on cultural exchange with Eastern
Europe, plays in the same building.
The Theaterhaus Stuttgart led
its existence in the Wangen district from 1984 – since 2000 at the
Pragsattel, where the Stuttgart Theater Prize is awarded annually. Since
2008, the theater has had a permanent ballet company, Gauthier Dance.
The dance and performance production center in the old Felsenkeller
in Stuttgart-Feuerbach offers a platform for freelance dance and
performance art in Stuttgart.
The "Treffpunkt Rotebühlplatz" is
primarily known for dance, theatre, the international solo dance theater
festival and new music.
The Stuttgart State University for Music
and Performing Arts maintains the Wilhelma Theater in Bad Cannstatt.
Not far from the Wilhelma Theater, the theater ship has been moored
at the Mühlgrün pier in Bad Cannstatt since 2008. Comedies and cabaret
are the main shows on the converted barge.
The “Wortkino” is
located on Werastraße.
The oldest amateur theater in Stuttgart,
the ABV Zimmertheater (founded in 1921, the theater department of the
Allgemeine Bildungsverein 1863 eV Stuttgart) plays in the building of
the former state parliament on Heusteigstraße.
Swabian folk
theaters play, among others, the "Boulevärle", the "Stuttgarter
Komödle", "d'Scheureburzler" and the "Neugereuter Theäterle".
Two
musical theaters are housed in the SI Center: the “Stage Palladium
Theater” and the “Stage Apollo Theater”. The German premieres of Miss
Saigon (1994), Beauty and the Beast (1997), Dance of the Vampires
(2000), 42nd Street (2003), Wicked - The Witches of Oz (2007), Rebecca
(2011 ), Mary Poppins (2016) and Anastasia (2018).
The Merlin
cultural center offers a cultural program in the fields of music,
cabaret, theatre, performance, literature, short film and children's
theatre.
Five of the eleven state museums in Baden-Württemberg are in
Stuttgart, including the Old and New State Gallery. Opened around 1843
and expanded with a new building in 1984, the Staatsgalerie enjoys
European attention. Art from the 14th century to the modern day is on
display in the architecturally interesting rooms, including works by
Cranach the Elder, Rubens, Rembrandt, Monet, Renoir, Cézanne, Picasso
and Beuys.
The Württemberg State Museum is housed in the Old
Castle. Founded in 1862 by Wilhelm I, King of Württemberg, its roots go
back to the 16th century, when the dukes of the time collected
everything that was rare, valuable and unusual. The history of the
country is presented from the Stone Age to modern times. In addition to
the headquarters, there are two other branches in Stuttgart and eight
branches in Baden-Württemberg.
The House of History
Baden-Württemberg was founded in 1987. In 2002 it received its own
museum building on the Stuttgart culture mile. The three most important
subject areas are the history of the country, objects typical of the
country and a theme park that places current problems in a historical
context. The House of History has five branches in the country.
Natural history and fossils are the cornerstones of the Stuttgart State
Museum of Natural History, which has two branches in Rosenstein Park:
the Museum at the Löwentor and the Rosenstein Castle Museum. The former
is dedicated to the numerous fossil finds in Baden-Württemberg. A large
part of the exhibition includes everything to do with dinosaurs. The
Natural History Museum, which has been housed in Rosenstein Castle since
1954, was founded in 1791 as a "collection of natural objects". The
biological display collection is a crowd puller and the natural science
collection is one of the most important in Europe.
The Linden
Museum is a museum of ethnology. Its origins can be traced back to 1882,
since 1911 it has been in its own building. It is one of the largest
ethnological museums in Europe and provides information about Africa,
the Orient, South Asia, East Asia, the South Pacific, North America and
South America. The permanent exhibitions on non-European ethnic groups
deserve special attention.
In addition to these state museums,
there are many other museums in the state capital. The municipal art
museum in Stuttgart was opened in March 2005 as the "successor museum"
to the gallery of the city of Stuttgart. Already in the first year after
the opening of the house, it became an attraction with 330,000 visitors.
Its exposed location in the Königsstraße pedestrian zone also
contributes to this, as does the unusual architecture of a strict glass
cube enclosing the exhibition rooms. Essentially, modern art is part of
the collection. It houses the most important collection of works by Otto
Dix. The Stadtmuseum has been located in the Wilhelmspalais, which has
been converted into the StadtPalais, since April 2018.
With
almost 550,000 visitors in 2009, the Mercedes-Benz Museum is the most
visited museum in the city. The company's vehicle collection has existed
since 1923. In 2006 the Mercedes-Benz World was opened. On their way
through the museum designed by UNStudio, visitors experience a journey
through 120 years of automotive history. Historical vehicles from the
first car in the world to the legendary Silver Arrows and the present
day Mercedes-Benz can be viewed. The Porsche Museum in Zuffenhausen,
opened in 1976, shows around 80 vehicles.
The life of the
philosopher, who was born in Stuttgart, is shown in the Hegelhaus
(birthplace of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel). Several lapidaries can be
visited in and around Stuttgart. The tram museum documents the history
of the Stuttgart trams (SSB) with historical vehicles from 1868 to 1986
as well as operational and technical objects. The fire fighting museum
in Stuttgart (Münster) describes the development of firefighting in
Stuttgart. The Theodor Heuss House on the Killesberg was opened in 2002
and since then has shown the life of the first Federal President Theodor
Heuss in his former home. The memorial "Signs of Remembrance" at the
North Station reminds us that more than 2000 Jews from Stuttgart and
Württemberg were deported from this place during the National Socialist
period between 1941 and 1945.
The Württemberg State Library is the regional library for
Baden-Württemberg together with the Baden State Library (BLB) in
Karlsruhe. The WLB is specifically responsible for the administrative
districts of Stuttgart and Tübingen. The State Library is particularly
dedicated to the procurement, development, archiving and provision of
literature on Württemberg, the so-called Württembergica. Together with
the BLB, it also has the legal deposit right for Baden-Württemberg
(since 1964, previously only for Württemberg) and is therefore the
archive library.
The Stuttgart University Library (UBS) is a
central facility of the University of Stuttgart. It forms the center of
the university's library system and ensures that research, teaching and
study are supplied with literature and other information media. In
addition to members of the university, it is also available to citizens
of the city. Together with other scientific libraries and documentation
centers in the Stuttgart area - such as the University Library Hohenheim
- the UBS forms the library information system of the Stuttgart region
(BISS).
The Stuttgart City Library has been located in a building
designed by the South Korean architect Eun Young Yi on Mailänder Platz
since 2011.
The main state archive in Stuttgart is the archive
responsible for the ministries of the state of Baden-Württemberg. It has
been located right next to the WLB since 1965 and has been part of the
Baden-Württemberg State Archive since 2005. It contains the holdings of
the County and Duchy of Württemberg up to 1806, the Württemberg central
authorities of the 19th and 20th centuries and the dominions and
imperial cities in southern Württemberg that fell to Württemberg at the
beginning of the 19th century as a result of mediatization.
The
Stadtarchiv Stuttgart is the archive responsible for the state capital
of Stuttgart. It preserves the historically valuable written and
pictorial material of the city authorities and collects the legacies of
people and institutions who are important in terms of city history, as
well as individual documents and pictures on Stuttgart's history. The
material kept in the archive is generally accessible to the public and
can be viewed in the reading room at Bellingweg 21 in Bad Cannstatt.
The regional church archive keeps the holdings of the Württemberg
church leadership and other church offices and institutions: the ducal
and royal Württemberg consistory, the Evangelical Oberkirchenrat,
deanery and parish archives, the educational institutions, the works and
associations as well as bequests and collections. It also has the
microfilms of all church registers (above all registers of baptisms,
marriages, deaths and families) from the area of the Evangelical Church
in Württemberg. These are made available on the Internet via the archive
portal Archion, which is also based in Stuttgart.
The "Archive of
AnStifter" is dedicated to the dead of the city. Since 2005, the
AnStifter have been working on a commemorative book about “The Dead of
the City”. So far, around 5,000 names of victims of the National
Socialist regime have been recorded.
Staatsorchester Stuttgart (Orchestra of the Württemberg State
Theater) with over 400 years of history; the predecessor was first
mentioned in a document in 1589 as the Württemberg Court Orchestra;
General music director is Sylvain Cambreling
Stuttgart Philharmonic;
founded in 1924
SWR Southwest Broadcasting (SWR) Symphony Orchestra;
Formed in 2016 from the merger of the SWR Radio Symphony Orchestra
Stuttgart, founded in 1946, and the SWR Symphony Orchestra Baden-Baden
and Freiburg.
Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra V.; founded in 1945 by Karl
Munchinger
SWR Big Band Stuttgart; founded in 1951 as the “Südfunk
Dance Orchestra”
Young Chamber Orchestra Stuttgart; Conductor:
Alexander Scherf, founded in 1960 as the “Jugendkammerorchester
Stuttgart”
Daimler Symphony Orchestra Stuttgart; founded in 1979
Christophorus Symphony Orchestra; founded in 1969
Student Symphony
Orchestra Stuttgart; founded in 1990
Stuttgart song wreath; founded in 1824
Stuttgart Hymn Choir Boys
Boys' Choir collegium iuvenum Stuttgart
St. Eberhard cathedral chapel
Girls Choir at the Cathedral of St. Eberhard, founded in 1994 by Martin
Dücker
Kolping Choir Stuttgart; founded in 1872 as the "singing
department of the Catholic journeymen's association in Stuttgart", today
the second largest male choir in Stuttgart
SWR Vocal Ensemble
Stuttgart; Founded in 1946 as the "Südfunk Choir Stuttgart"
Bach
Choir Stuttgart
"Gächinger Kantorei"; founded in 1954 by Helmuth
Rilling, named after the founding place Gächingen on the Swabian Jura
Chamber Choir Stuttgart; founded in 1968 by Frieder Bernius
Württemberg Chamber Choir; founded in 1970 by Dieter Kurz
Stuttgart
choir; founded in 1994 founded by Kay Johannsen
Untertürkheim choir;
founded in 1892 as the “Protestant Church Choir Untertürkheim”
Chamber Choir "Cantus Stuttgart"; founded in 1996 as "Cantus Cannstatt"
New Choir Stuttgart; founded in 1985.
Singing Academy Stuttgart;
founded in 2002 as an ensemble ad libitum Stuttgart
Academic Choir of
the University of Stuttgart
Philharmonia Choir Stuttgart; was formed
in 1986 from the Philharmonia Vocal Ensemble and the Philharmonic Choir
Stuttgart Oratorio Choir
Other
International Bach Academy
Stuttgart
Bridges
The Neckartal Viaduct Untertürkheim is a 1400 meter long
combination of several bridges in the course of federal highway 14 in
the Neckar Valley near Stuttgart-Untertürkheim. The planning for a
connecting road from the Remstal to the Neckar valley dates back to
1932, but construction did not begin until 1986.
The Nesenbach
valley near Stuttgart-Vaihingen is bridged by the Nesenbach viaduct. The
original building was destroyed in 1945 and only rebuilt in 1946. As
part of the expansion of the S-Bahn line to Vaihingen, the viaduct was
replaced in 1982/1983 by a new, four-track bridge that visually
corresponds to the former viaduct.
The Stuttgart-Münster railway
viaduct crosses the Neckar valley and connects Untertürkheim with
Kornwestheim. The bypass line was put into operation in 1896, the 855
meter long bridge was replaced in 1985 by a concrete and steel
construction.
Industrial buildings
The Stuttgart-Münster power
plant is primarily used as a waste incineration plant. The power plant,
which has existed since 1908 and is located directly on the Neckar, can
also be operated as a thermal and coal-fired power plant as well as with
gas turbines. In 1964 the 182 meter high chimney was added.
The
Stuttgart-Gaisburg combined heat and power plant is a coal-fired power
plant on the banks of the Neckar in Stuttgart-Gaisburg. It is used
exclusively for district heating. Also in Gaisburg is the
Stuttgart-Gaisburg gasworks, built in 1874/75, which was used to produce
gas through coal gasification until 1972 and since then to store gas.
1928-1929 the 100 meter high gas boiler was built, which is considered
the landmark of the district.
Ed. Zueblin AG. The striking office
building in reinforced concrete prefabricated construction was built in
1983-1984. The glass-roofed inner courtyard is used several times a year
as a venue for music events and drama performances.
The Stuttgarter Stäffele are the well-known staircases in the city:
there are more than 400 with a total length of over 20 kilometers. Most
of them date back to the town's wine-growing period up until the early
19th century. In order to be able to cultivate the steep terraces at
all, stairs and paths had to be laid out. Later, as the town grew ever
further up the hillsides and the vineyards were partially replaced by
houses and roads, the staggers were used as footpaths to the newly built
residential areas. Some have been artfully expanded and supplemented
with plants and fountains.
Well-known squadrons are, for example,
the guard squadron, the Eugen squadron, the singer squadron, Buchenhof
squadron or the sinner squadron.
The Stäffele have earned the
town's residents the nickname "Stäffelesrutscher".
Due to the hilly topography, Stuttgart is also a city of tunnels. These include road, rail, S-Bahn and light rail tunnels.
The Wagenburg tunnel from 1941 originally served as an air raid
shelter. The 824 meter long southern tube was expanded by 1958 and was
the longest road tunnel in Germany when it opened. The Heslach Tunnel,
2,300 meters long, was built between 1980 and 1991. This is followed on
the B 14 by the Vierreichenhau tunnel (290 metres) and the Gäubahn
tunnel (450 metres) to the Schattenring.
When it was built, the
124 meter long and 10.5 meter wide Schwab Tunnel was the widest tunnel
in Europe. It was built between 1894 and 1896, making it the second
inner-city tunnel in Europe after the Sigmundstor in Salzburg. Until
1972, tram line 8 also ran through this tunnel.
Other tunnels
are:
the Johannesgraben tunnel (approx. 200 meters) on the federal
highway 831 in Stuttgart-Vaihingen,
Hengstäcker (780 meters) and
Österfeld tunnels (370 meters) on the north-south road,
at the
junction of B 10 and B 14: the Berger Tunnel, the Leuze and
Schwanenplatz tunnels (500 meters) in Stuttgart-Berg near the mineral
baths,
Pragsattel tunnel (720 meters) of the B 10 at the Löwentor
Rosenstein tunnel (1300 meters) of the B 10 under the Wilhelma and
the Feuerbacher Tunnel (about 1200 meters), which relieves Feuerbach of
the B 295.
The oldest railway tunnel in Stuttgart is the four-track Prague
tunnel to Feuerbach. The first of the two tubes was completed in 1846.
The Kriegsberg Tunnel and the Hasenberg Tunnel are on the route to
Böblingen and are part of the Stuttgart–Horb railway. The Rosenstein
Tunnel on the route to Bad Cannstatt was begun in 1844 and completed in
1846. However, it has long since been out of service, but it is still
walled up because around 1912 two new tubes were built to the east of
it, which are now in operation as a suburban railway tunnel and a
long-distance railway tunnel. The inner city is crossed by the 8,788
meter long S-Bahn tunnel of the connecting train between the
Hauptbahnhof and Österfeld stations. Part of this tunnel is also called
the Hasenberg Tunnel.
A number of tunnels are being built as part
of Stuttgart 21, including the 9.5 km long Filder Tunnel.
Light
rail tunnel
Beginning in the mid-1960s, the Stuttgart tramway was
upgraded to become a Stadtbahn, with numerous inner-city routes being
relocated underground. At the same time, the tunnels were equipped with
an extended loading gauge required for light rail vehicles, so that the
gauge could be changed from meter gauge to standard gauge. By 1983 the
entire inner city area had been tunnelled, followed by the Weinsteig
Tunnel (1987), Degerloch (1990), Feuerbach Siemensstrasse (1984),
Feuerbach Wiener Strasse (1990), Weilimdorf (1992), Killesberg (1993),
Botnanger Saddle (1994 ), Gerlingen (1997), Waldau (1998), Sillenbuch
(1999), Ruit (2000), Steinhaldenfeld (2005), Fasanenhof with crossing
under the B 27 (2010) and Zuffenhausen (2011). As part of the
construction work on Stuttgart 21, the tunnel between the main station
and the city library was relocated and both directions of travel were
divided into different tubes, and an underground branch was built from
the Heilbronner Straße tunnel to Budapester Platz (2017). The branching
structure with the Staatsgalerie stop was completed on September 12,
2020.
A landmark and the tallest building in the city is the Stuttgart TV
tower, which was built south of the city basin in the Degerloch
district. It stands a little below the highest point of the Bopser (also
called the High Bopser; 485.2 m above sea level). It was built between
1954 and 1955 as the world's first reinforced concrete television tower
and is 216.61 m high. Originally, a steel lattice mast about 200 meters
high, which was common at the time, was intended to carry radio and
television antennas. The idea of making the tower basket also suitable
for tourism paid off just five years after construction: the
construction costs of 4.2 million DM were amortized by the entrance
fees. The television tower thus became the model for various
constructions worldwide. After being closed for renovations in
2013-2016, the television tower and its viewing platform have been open
to the public again since then.
The Stuttgart telecommunications
tower of Deutsche Telekom AG stands on the Frauenkopf (462.3 m above sea
level). Also built of reinforced concrete, it is 192 m high. Built
between 1970 and 1972, it cost around 9.5 million DM. In addition to
these two, the Stuttgart radio tower built in 1966 on the Raichberg and
the Stuttgart-Burgholzhof radio tower (1989) at the Pragsattel are among
the city's better-known radio towers.
The 61 meter high Tagblatt
Tower in Stuttgart-Mitte was built between 1924 and 1928 and was the
first high-rise building in exposed concrete in Germany. It is also
considered a symbol of the cityscape. The name comes from the original
use by the daily newspaper Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt.
The 42
meter high Killesberg Tower, built as an observation tower, is located
in the Killesberg Park. In 1993, the International Horticultural
Exhibition was exhibited in the park. In order to enable a broad
overview of the site, an artificial elevation was required. The shape
came about because the builders had the requirement on the one hand to
create a filigree tower that blends into the landscape and on the other
hand had to do justice to the actual task of providing an overview. The
result was the cable network construction.
Other observation
towers are the Bismarckturm in Stuttgart-Nord and the Burgholzhof
observation tower in Bad Cannstatt. The former is on the Gähkopf (409 m)
and offers a good view of the Stuttgart city area as well as distant
views in all directions. It was built between 1902 and 1904. The
Burgholzhof observation tower, built in 1891, provides a good view of
Stuttgart-East, Bad Cannstatt and the Neckar valley as far as Esslingen
am Neckar.
The Kriegsberg tower in the Relenberg district of
Stuttgart is a lookout tower built in 1895 on the 353 meter above sea
level. NN high war mountain. This is only open to the public for special
occasions.
In Stuttgart-Degerloch there is a 400 cubic meter
water tower that was built in 1911-1912.
The tower of the main
station rises 56 meters in the center of the city. The construction of
the station lasted almost eight years from the laying of the foundation
stone in 1914 to the opening in 1922, delayed by the First World War. A
Mercedes star with a diameter of five meters rotates on the viewing
terrace.
The Weißenhofsiedlung was initiated in 1927 as part of an exhibition
by the Deutscher Werkbund and built under the direction of Mies van der
Rohe on the Killesberg in Stuttgart. The settlement is considered one of
the most important architectural settlements of modern times.
In
1933, against the background of the Nazi takeover of power, another
settlement was built on the Killesberg in timber construction and as a
deliberately traditionalist counter-model to the nearby
Weißenhofsiedlung, the Porzellanhofsiedlung as a model settlement under
the direction of the architect Paul Schmitthenner and representatives of
the Stuttgart School.
Stuttgart Central Station is the largest long-distance train station
in Stuttgart and the center of Stuttgart's S-Bahn traffic and, together
with the Charlottenplatz stop, the most important hub of the Stuttgart
Stadtbahn. The architects Paul Bonatz and Friedrich Eugen Scholer
started the earthworks in 1914. The completion was delayed by the First
World War. It was officially opened in 1922, but was not finally
completed until 1927. In 1987, Stuttgart Central Station was entered in
the monument book as a cultural monument of particular importance. In
2010 and 2012, the north and south wings of the station were demolished
due to the Stuttgart 21 railway project.
The MHPArena, former
Mercedes-Benz Arena, Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion and Neckarstadion, was
also built by Paul Bonatz between 1929 and 1933 and put into operation
in 1933 under the name Adolf-Hitler-Kampfbahn. In 1935 it was expanded
from 35,000 to 70,000 seats. After the war, the stadium was renamed
Century Stadium and later Kampfbahn by the US occupation and used for
baseball games. In 1949 it was given the name Neckarstadion. Between
1949 and 1951 the stadium was expanded to seat 97,500. The grandstands
were rebuilt for the 1974 World Cup. The stadium now held 72,000
spectators. In 1986, the arena for the European Athletics Championships
was the first German stadium to have a color scoreboard. As part of the
renovation for the 1993 World Athletics Championships, it was renamed
the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium, and from 2008 it was called the
Mercedes-Benz Arena. On July 1, 2023, the name was changed to MHPArena.
Between 1999 and 2005 there were further construction measures, from
2009 to 2011 the conversion to a pure football stadium without a running
track surrounding the field took place.
Right next to the
Mercedes-Benz Arena is the largest multi-purpose hall in Stuttgart, the
Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle. It was built in 1983 and named after the
murdered employer president Hanns Martin Schleyer. Since the
modernization in 2005-2006, the hall has 15,500 seats and standing room.
The Schleyer Hall is connected to the Porsche Arena, which opened in
2006, via a joint forum. This is mainly used for sporting events. The
Carl Benz Center is in the immediate vicinity. The event center opened
in 2006 offers around 20,000 square meters of floor space.
Between 1905 and 1907, the Art Nouveau ceremonial hall and the only
crematorium in Stuttgart were built in the Prague cemetery.
The
Markthalle Stuttgart is an Art Nouveau building in the city center. It
was built between 1911 and 1914 on the spot where a vegetable market had
been since 1864. Initially, it served as a food exchange with over 400
stalls. After severe destruction in the Second World War, the market
hall was rebuilt and has been a listed building since 1974. Today it is
a consumer market. Very close by is the former Hotel Silber am
Karlsplatz, which was once the seat of a Gestapo headquarters.
Also in the city center is the Stuttgart City Hall, the seat of the
Stuttgart city administration. The magnificent predecessor building,
built in Flemish late Gothic style between 1901 and 1905, burned down
completely after bombing raids in 1944. Despite the destruction, parts
of the two side wings were preserved during the reconstruction. The town
hall has existed in its current form since 1956. The 60.5 meter high
clock tower towers over Stuttgart's market square. In 2004, the town
hall was renovated under the direction of Professor Walter Belz for 26
million euros and brought up to the latest technical standards.
From 1926 to 1944, the Metropol cinema, on the site of the old Stuttgart
train station, housed a large hall with 1221 seats. After being rebuilt
after the war, it seated 1,400 and hosted a variety of entertainment
performances before operating again as a cinema from 1960 to 2020.
The Carl Zeiss Planetarium is located in the Middle Castle Garden.
The foundation stone was laid by the Zeiss VI A projector donated to the
city of Stuttgart by the Carl Zeiss Foundation in 1969. However, the
construction of the planetarium could only begin in 1975 thanks to the
support of numerous donations and was completed in 1977.
The
Stuttgart broadcasting center was built by the architect Rolf Gutbrod
between 1972 and 1976 and was considered the most modern broadcasting
center in Europe when it went into operation. It stands on the site of
the former Stuttgart town hall in the Berg district. It has been the
seat of the director of Südwestrundfunk since 1998 and is therefore the
headquarters of the two-state institution and state broadcasting center
for Baden-Württemberg. In 2000, the Stuttgart broadcasting center was
included in the list of cultural monuments by the Baden-Württemberg
State Monuments Office. The three-part building complex with blue and
silver facade cladding is still considered a unique building in the
broadcasting landscape. The aforementioned Villa Berg in the immediate
vicinity served as the broadcasting studio for Südwestrundfunk from 1950
to 2004.
The Villa Reitzenstein, built between 1910 and 1913 in
the Stuttgart-Ost district, serves as the official seat of the State
Ministry and the respective prime minister.
The tea house and the
marble hall are located in Weißenburgpark. The tea house of the former
villa, completed in 1913, is an Art Nouveau pavilion. Worthy of mention
is the colorful ceiling painting with scenes of musicians. Today, the
tea house with an adjoining large garden terrace is a popular place for
excursions in summer. The Marble Hall, also completed by Heinrich Henes
in 1913, is located on the slope below the tea house. The Marble Hall
was originally used as a festive garden hall and has been available for
events again since 1994 after renovation in the early 1990s.
The
old stone house on the former Grabenstraße 11 in Stuttgart was a
fortified residential building and, next to the Stuthaus, one of the
oldest secular buildings in the city. It probably dates from the time of
the siege of Stuttgart by Rudolf von Habsburg in 1286, and was first
mentioned in a document in 1393.
There are two striking high-rise
residential buildings in Möhringen. The Fasan 2 is characterized by the
fact that two building complexes are connected to each other on several
levels by accessible bridges. Pheasant 2 was built between 1964 and 1965
and is 64 meters high. In the immediate vicinity is the Salute
high-rise, built between 1961 and 1962 with a height of 70 meters and 20
floors, which received the Paul Bonatz Prize in 1967. The Hannibal
housing estate in Asemwald was built between 1968 and 1972 and consists
of three blocks of flats up to 70 meters high and 22 floors. Originally,
a single complex was planned based on Corbusier's model of the "living
machine", but this was not approved due to its gigantic dimensions.
Another cultural monument worth mentioning is the residential
building at Arminstrasse 4. It was named Monument of the Month in
February 2005 by the Baden-Württemberg Monument Foundation.
The
SI Center is located in Stuttgart-Möhringen. Consisting of two musical
theatres, the Stuttgart casino, 19 restaurants and bars, a film palace
with six cinemas, 17 conference rooms for up to 1000 people, the
Millennium Hotel, the SI Suites and the VitaParc SchwabenQuellen
(wellness), the adventure center is one of the largest in Stuttgart
recreational facilities. The Hotel Stuttgart International has stood
there since 1960, and new buildings have been added to the area over the
years.
Other noteworthy buildings are the Liederhalle, the Villa
Gemmingen-Hornberg and the administration building of the
Württembergische Sparkasse.
Created by Max Bill and Heinz Mack in 1989, the statue triad is a 32
meter tall, three-part enamel on steel sculpture. Until the end of April
2006 it stood in front of the former DaimlerChrysler corporate
headquarters in Möhringen, since then in front of the Mercedes-Benz
Museum in NeckarPark.
The "Signs of Remembrance" memorial at
Stuttgart North Station reminds us that more than 2,000 Jews from
Stuttgart and Württemberg were deported and murdered from this location
during the National Socialist era between 1941 and 1945. With the help
of the association “Signs of Remembrance e. V.” the memorial was built
and officially inaugurated on June 14, 2006. The names of the deported
Jews can be read on the 70 meter long wall along the tracks.
The 600-year-old castle garden begins right in the center at the old
castle. In 1350 a count's garden near the old castle was first
mentioned. The approximately 61-hectare palace garden follows the course
of the canalised Nesenbach to the Neckar. It is divided into three large
areas, the "Upper Castle Garden" (about 14 hectares), the "Middle Castle
Garden" (about 19 hectares) and the "Lower Castle Garden" (about 28
hectares). The Upper Palace Garden stretches from the Old Palace to the
height of the main train station and includes, among other things, the
state theater and the state parliament building. Via the
Ferdinand-Leitner-Steg it merges into the middle palace garden, which is
bordered in the north by the street “Am Schlossgarten”. For example, the
planetarium and the state pavilion are located here. Pedestrians can
cross the "Green Bridge" to get to the Lower Castle Gardens, which
stretches to the mineral baths in Stuttgart-Berg near the Cannstatter
Neckarufer. Here the palace garden merges seamlessly into the
approximately 65-hectare Rosenstein Park, which is bordered by train
tracks in the south-west, the Wilhelma zoological and botanical gardens
and “Pragstrasse” in the north and the Löwentor in the north-west. Due
to the old stock of trees and the extensive meadows, the Rosenstein Park
is the largest English landscape park in south-west Germany. King
Wilhelm I had the garden laid out between 1824 and 1840, which included
the construction of the classical palace – today's Rosenstein Museum.
Via the "Lodzer Steg", the "Brünner Steg" and the "Bombaystegen",
pedestrians reach the adjoining, approximately 50-hectare Höhenpark
Killesberg in the Stuttgart-Nord district. The facility dates back to
the Reich Garden Show of 1939, for which the site previously used as a
quarry was converted into a park and exhibition site. From 1939 to 1945
the site was a collection point for Jews from Württemberg who were
transported to the concentration camps. Since the 1950s, the Höhenpark
has been the scene of horticultural exhibitions such as the German
Garden Show in 1950, the Federal Garden Show in 1961 and the
International Horticultural Exhibition in 1993.
All three parks –
the Schlossgarten, the Rosensteinpark and the Killesbergpark – together
form the famous Stuttgart “Green U”.
North of the Rosenstein Park
is the state-owned zoological and botanical garden, the Wilhelma. It has
existed in its present form since 1953. In the historic palace complex
from 1846, around 8000 animals of 1050 species and around 5000 plant
species are shown on around 28 hectares. This makes Wilhelma the second
most species-rich zoo in Germany after Berlin Zoo. Because of the
mineral springs found in 1829, the then King Wilhelm I wanted to have a
"bath house" built in the palace park as an outbuilding. Planning for
the facility began in 1837, and construction of the first building began
in 1842. In the course of planning, the bath house had become a
comfortable residential building with several rooms, including a domed
hall with two adjacent greenhouses, each with a corner pavilion. When
the Wilhelma was inaugurated in 1846, there was a ballroom, two main
buildings with several court rooms, various pavilions, greenhouses and
spacious parks.
The Hohenheim Gardens belong to Hohenheim Castle.
In 1776, Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg had an English complex built
around which more than 35 hectares of parkland were created up until the
20th century. Large parts of the ensemble are now used by the University
of Hohenheim for research purposes. The most important parts are the
state arboretum with the "Exotic Garden" and the "Botanical Garden". The
gardens are complemented by a vineyard and sheep pasture covering a
further 2.2 hectares.
The Uhlandshöhe is an elevation on the
eastern edge of the city center. It lies roughly in the triangle between
the city center, Bad Cannstatt and the Frauenkopf. It served as a quarry
until the late Middle Ages. Between 1861 and 1896, the Stuttgart
Beautification Association bought parts of the site and designed a
spacious park with viewing terraces and a memorial to the poet Ludwig
Uhland. The Uhlandshöhe observatory is also located here, founded in
1919 by the Schwäbische Sternwarte e. V. founded.
The
Weißenburgpark is a green area in the south of Stuttgart, about five
hectares in size, on the hill called Bopser. There on the hillside are
the so-called tea house and the marble hall, which are now used as a
place for excursions or as an event location. The building and park were
laid out between 1843/44 and 1912/13 (changed for the 1961 Federal
Garden Show).
The Birkenkopf is a 511 meter high mountain and
thus the highest point in the inner city area. The top 40 meters were
heaped up from rubble from the WWII ruins.
In the district of
Sillenbuch lies the Stuttgarter Eichenhain, a nature reserve since 1958.
About 200 oaks stand there in a park-like landscape. The oldest among
them are 300 to 400 years old and have trunks four to six meters in
circumference.
The Chinese Qingyin Garden is located on
Birkenwaldstraße and offers a view over the city center to the south. It
was created in 1993 for the International Horticultural Exhibition.
The Hoppenlaufriedhof in Stuttgart-Mitte is the oldest surviving
cemetery in Stuttgart. It was founded in 1626 as a hospital cemetery
after a property was donated by Johann Kercher, who was the first to be
buried there. The last burial took place in 1880, the last urn burial in
1951.
The 31-hectare Waldfriedhof Stuttgart in the Degerloch
district is the largest cemetery in the city. It was created in 1913 and
is the burial place of many celebrities. A funicular connects the
cemetery, which is 100 meters higher, with Südheimer Platz in Heslach.
The main cemetery, opened in 1918, is located in the Muckensturm
district of Bad Cannstatt. With an area of 29.6 hectares, it is the
second largest cemetery in Stuttgart. Since 1944 he has had an Armenian
burial ground and since 1985 a Muslim burial ground. A large Jewish
burial ground was laid out in 1937/38 because there was not enough space
in the Prague cemetery.
The third largest cemetery is the
Pragfriedhof from 1873 with an Art Nouveau crematorium. The facility,
which now covers around 20 hectares, houses the only crematorium in
Stuttgart that was built between 1905 and 1907. The cemetery as a whole
is considered a cultural monument. In 1874 the cemetery was expanded to
include a section for members of the Israelite faith. The Russian
Orthodox Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky is also located on the grounds
of the Prague Cemetery.
The Uff-Kirchhof in Bad Cannstatt is one
of the oldest cemeteries in Stuttgart. It was created in the 8th or 9th
century at the crossroads of a Roman road and has served as a churchyard
for the hamlet of Uffkirchen and its parish since the Middle Ages. After
the town of Uffkirchen had gone, Cannstatt used the church and cemetery.
The late Gothic Marienkirche, today called "Uffkirche", is a listed
building and is used as a cemetery chapel.
The Max-Eyth-See lies on the right bank of the Neckar in the
floodplain below Stuttgart-Hofen and opposite the steep vineyards on the
slope. It fills the 1920 excavation hole of a gravel pit, which became
Stuttgart's largest lake in 1935 as part of the canalization of the
Neckar, and is today a local recreation area for the people of
Stuttgart. In 1961 the lake and the surrounding Neckar landscape were
placed under landscape protection.
The park lakes in the red and
wild boar park in Stuttgart-West are mainly frequented in summer by day
trippers and athletes. Bärensee, Neuer See and Pfaffensee are about two
and a half kilometers long along the two source branches of the
uppermost Glems, which unite in the Neuer See. The lakes were dammed
between 1566 and 1826 to improve Stuttgart's water supply.
The
Egelsee, which was created for the International Horticultural
Exhibition (IGA) in 1993, is located on the Wartberg in the north of
Stuttgart in the eastern part of the Killesberg Park.
In the
middle of the district of the same name in Stuttgart-West and in
Vaihingen there is a lake of fire. The first is the Johanneskirche on a
peninsula, the Feuersee S-Bahn station is nearby.
Other lakes in
the city area are the Rohrer See in Rohr, the Probstsee in Möhringen and
the Riedsee between Möhringen and Sonnenberg. Rare waterfowl can be
observed on them.
The Neckar, the Glems, which has its source in
the Rotwildpark, and the Körsch, which has its source in Möhringen, flow
partly through the city of Stuttgart; the Feuerbach between Botnang and
Mühlhausen, the Nesenbach between Vaihingen and Stuttgart-Ost, the
Dürrbach from the Bopser to Hedelfingen and some smaller ones run in it
for their entire length.
Mineral bath/thermal brine bath in Bad Cannstatt
Mineral bath
Leuze (Stuttgart-Ost)
Berg mineral baths (Stuttgart East)
CMT – Caravan, Motor and Tourism Fair (January)
Stuttgart Film
Winter, organized by Wand 5 (January)
DTB Cup (March)
Long Night
of Museums (March)
Retro Classics, fair for classic cars (March)
Stuttgart Spring Festival on the Cannstatter Wasen (April/May)
International Festival of Animated Film (April/May)
Stuttgart-Lauf
(Stuttgarter Zeitung-Lauf), half marathon and several other runs (June)
Allmand Open Air, Stuttgart's largest open-air student festival in the
dormitory area of the University of Stuttgart, Vaihingen (June)
Mercedes Cup (formerly international Weißenhof tournament),
international tennis tournament (June)
Hamburg fish market on
Karlsplatz (July)
Stuttgart Festival of Lights on the Killesberg
(July)
Summer Festival of Cultures on the Market Square (July)
Jazz Open (July)
Christopher Street Day (July)
Free and outside,
3-day music-political-cultural spectacle (beginning of August)
Stuttgart summer festival in the palace garden and on the palace square
(August)
Stuttgart Wine Village in the city center (August/September)
European Music Festival Stuttgart of the International Bach Academy
Stuttgart in the Liederhalle (September)
Cannstatter Volksfest on the
Cannstatter Wasen - every four years combined with the main agricultural
festival (LWH) (end of September/October)
Porsche Tennis Grand Prix
in the Porsche Arena (September/October)
Stuttgart Night, formerly
Stuttgart Culture Night (October)
Stuttgart German Masters, large
indoor horse show in the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle (October/November)
Stuttgart trade fair autumn (November)
Flea market, spring and autumn
flea market throughout the city center
Stuttgart Book Weeks
(November/December)
Film show Baden-Württemberg (November/December)
Media Tasting, specialist congress
Stuttgart Christmas market
(formerly called Christmas fair) in the city center (advent season)
World Christmas Circus at the Cannstatter Wasen (December/January)
Christmas Garden, light installations at Wilhelma (December/January)
Dragon Days, Festival of the Fantastic
Königstraße, main axis of the pedestrian zone
Calwer Strasse,
pedestrian zone in Stuttgart-Mitte
Calwer Passage, covered pedestrian
zone in Stuttgart Mitte
Hauptstätter Straße, central traffic axis
Breuninger am Marktplatz, Germany's fourth largest department store
Rack railway in Stuttgart
Funicular Stuttgart
Historic tram lines
21 and 23
Killesbergbahn Stuttgart
Observatory Stuttgart on the
Uhlandshöhe
Panoramic restaurant in the Hannibal high-rise
Castle
Square
Sculpture Stuttgart
According to the 2011 census, 28.6 percent of the residents were
Protestant, 24.7 percent Roman Catholic, and 46.7 percent were
non-denominational, belonged to another religious community, or made no
statement. The number of members of the major Christian denominations
has fallen since then, as of December 31, 2022, 20.7 percent of the
residents were Protestants and 20.0 percent Catholics. The remaining
59.3 percent (361,966) were of other faiths or non-denominational. In
1970, this proportion was 13.2 percent.
Figures for other
religious communities were collected in the 2011 census: At that time,
30,680 inhabitants (5.3 percent) were Christian Orthodox, 5,100 (0.9
percent) were members of a Protestant free church, and 1,330 (0.2
percent) professed the Jewish faith and 30,340 (5.2 percent) belonged to
other public religious communities recognized in Baden-Württemberg
(including the Old Catholic Church and various special Christian
communities such as Jehovah's Witnesses).
According to the
Stuttgart Statistical Office, the proportion of the Muslim population in
Stuttgart in 2017 was around 10 percent.
In 1534 the Reformation was introduced in the Duchy of Württemberg. This gave rise to the Evangelical Church in Württemberg, which still exists today and is based in Stuttgart. Today, all Protestant parishioners in the city belong to this state church, provided they are not members of a Protestant free church or the Evangelical-Reformed parish of Stuttgart. The latter belongs to the Evangelical Reformed Church, which is based in Leer (East Friesland). The (Lutheran) parishes in the city now belong to the church district of Stuttgart, which came into being on January 1, 2008 through the unification of the church districts of Stuttgart, Bad Cannstatt, Degerloch and Zuffenhausen. The church district of Stuttgart is part of the Prelature ("Sprengel") Stuttgart, which also has its seat in Stuttgart. Many free churches are represented in Stuttgart, of which the Gospel Forum (formerly Biblical Faith Community) is the largest.
Since the 18th century, Catholics have also settled in the city again. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, they received their own church again: today's St. Eberhard Cathedral, which was built by Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret from 1808 to 1811 and is now the concathedral of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart in the post-war form rebuilt in 1955 . In the decades after the beginning of the 19th century, more Catholics moved to the capital, mainly from the rural Catholic areas of Neuwuerttemberg, and what was initially a very small minority grew steadily. The master builder Joseph von Egle also built a new Catholic church in the south of Stuttgart, the Church of St. Maria, which was built between 1871 and 1879. It was built in the neo-Gothic style. Between 1901 and 1902 the St. Elisabeth Church was built under the direction of Joseph Cades in the west of Stuttgart. In the 20th century, numerous other Catholic churches were added to the districts of Stuttgart, such as the Liebfrauenkirche in Cannstatt, also built by Cades between 1907 and 1909. In 2006, the four existing deanships in Stuttgart were merged into one city deanery in Stuttgart. The 2011 census counted 150,050 Catholics in the city.
Several orthodox churches are located in Stuttgart. The Serbian Orthodox Church Synax of Serbian Saints (Hram Srba Svetitelja, Храм Срба Светитеља) has been located at Marienplatz since 1971. The Russian Orthodox Church of St. Nikolai (Церковь св. Николая) was consecrated in 1895. After the church was badly damaged in a bomb attack in 1944, it was rebuilt. In 1972 an iconostasis designed by the famous iconographer Nikolai Shelekhov was installed in the church. The Greek Orthodox Church has two churches in Stuttgart. In the west of Stuttgart is the Church of the Ascension of Christ and in Feuerbach the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The Romanian Orthodox Church in Stuttgart was founded in 1964 and uses the Leonhardskirche for its services. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church in Stuttgart holds its services in the Serbian and Russian Churches. The Macedonian-Orthodox parish of St. Kiril and Metodij, which has existed in Stuttgart since March 1983, holds its services in the Johanneskirche in Zuffenhausen. There are other orthodox parishes that usually share the places of worship of others. Since September 30, 2012, there has been a parish conference for the currently around 50,000 Orthodox.
The neo-Gothic St. Catherine's Church of the Old Catholics is located
on Katharinenplatz. The Anglican community also celebrates their
services here. There has been full church fellowship between the two
since 1931.
The New Apostolic Church has been represented in
Stuttgart since the 19th century. In October 1897, the first services of
the New Apostolic Church were held in the city and today's
Stuttgart-West congregation was founded. In the years that followed,
other congregations were founded in the urban area and appropriate
church buildings were constructed for them. The largest church buildings
of the New Apostolic Church in Stuttgart are located on Einkornstrasse
(eastern parish of Stuttgart) and on Immenhofer Strasse (southern parish
of Stuttgart). Due to a concentration process of the parishes, the
number of parishes in the city area is shrinking despite a slight
increase in the number of members, in particular due to influx. In 2008
there were 27 communities in the city area, currently there are 19
communities. Together with the municipalities in the region, they are
divided into five legally dependent districts. Furthermore, the
administration for the district church of southern Germany, which
consists of the two states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, as well as
around 20 other mission countries, is located in Stuttgart's
Heinestrasse.
The St. Paul's Church in Rohracker has been used by
Assyrians since 2014, who belong to the Chaldean Catholic Church, which
is united with Rome. Due to the expulsion and persecution of these
oriental Christians in the Middle East, Stuttgart has established itself
as a center for Assyrian refugees.
In addition to the
denominations already mentioned, there are also congregations of almost
all known free churches in Stuttgart, such as the Seventh-day
Adventists, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the
Apostolic Community, the Baptists, the Salvation Army and the
Methodists.
The beginnings of the medieval Jewish community in Stuttgart are
obscure. In nearby cities such as Esslingen and Heilbronn as well as in
neighboring Leonberg, Jewish communities are documented in the 13th
century. In Stuttgart, on the other hand, a Jew named Loew is only
mentioned in 1343, who lived under Count Ulrich III. held an important
position. At that time, a Jewish community already existed, most of
which lived in the area of today's Dorotheenstraße. The first synagogue
in Stuttgart (“Jewish school”; presumably on the site at Dorotheenstraße
6) and a Judengasse, first mentioned in 1350, were located there. This
community was destroyed in November 1348 because the Jews were blamed
for the plague epidemic, which had not yet reached the Stuttgart area at
that time. A few decades later, mentioned from 1393, Jews lived again in
Stuttgart, now in the St. Leonhards-Vorstadt (Esslinger Vorstadt). There
was also a Judengasse there, and the property at Judengasse 12 housed
the second Stuttgart synagogue and a mikveh.
After about a
hundred years, the Stuttgart Jews were expelled in 1488/98, and the
Judengasse retained its name until 1894, when it was renamed
Brennerstrasse. From 1498 to 1805, no Jews were allowed to live or work
permanently in Stuttgart or in the whole of Württemberg after Eberhard I
had decreed their expulsion or imprisonment in his will. However, the
ban was breached again and again. The Württemberg court maintained
so-called court factors to finance its state budget, including Joseph
Süss Oppenheimer, who was the victim of an anti-Semitic judicial murder
in 1738, Mardochai Schloß and Karoline Kaulla.
In 1828, the
living conditions of the Jews were significantly improved by the Equal
Opportunities Act. In 1832 the Jewish community was officially
(re)established. The third synagogue, inaugurated in 1837, was replaced
in 1861 by a new building in the oriental (Moorish) style on
Hospitalstrasse. In 1938, during the Nazi era, the synagogue was
destroyed during the November pogroms. Many Jews were able to flee
abroad from persecution; however, at least 1,200 members of the original
4,500-member congregation (1933) were murdered in the Holocaust.
The new synagogue at the same location was built in 1952 as one of the
first new synagogues to be built in the Federal Republic after the war.
The synagogue at Hospitalstrasse 36 is the center of the Jewish
religious community of Württemberg, which encompasses the entire
territory of the former states of Württemberg and Hohenzollern. The
community has grown rapidly since 1990, mainly due to the immigration of
Jews from Eastern Europe. Today the Jewish community again has around
4,000 members, a small proportion of whom practice their faith.
Mainly due to immigration from Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Arab countries since the days of guest workers, Stuttgart today has a Muslim population of around 65,000 people. In the 1987 census, 22,599 residents declared themselves Muslims. The Statistical Office of the state capital assumed that there were around 50,000 Muslims in Stuttgart in 2006 and around 60,000 in 2009. A calculation for May 9, 2011 based on the census figures on migrants resulted in a number of around 55,000 Muslims (9.4% of the population) in the city. There are 21 mosques of different religious currents available to them. There is also a Cemevi of the Alevis in Bad Cannstatt.
The Buddhist Center Stuttgart was founded under this name in 1986.
Buddhism is practiced in Stuttgart's Bean Quarter according to the
Diamond Way tradition of the Karma Kagyu Lineage. The center is one of
over 600 centers worldwide and is under the spiritual direction of the
17th Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorje and Lama Ole Nydahl.
The
Association of Humanists in Baden-Württemberg is a member of the
Humanist Association of Germany. The Humanistic Center Stuttgart is the
seat of the regional association and has, among other things, a day-care
center that is sponsored by the regional association. In addition, the
humanists organize a youth group, carry out youth trips and cultural and
educational events and offer name and youth celebrations as well as
secular weddings and funerals.
The Giordano Bruno Foundation,
which represents evolutionary humanism, is associated with the gbs
Stuttgart/Mittlerer Neckar e. V. represented. He would like to create a
counterbalance to religious, especially fundamentalist, groups and
movements and is committed to a leading culture of enlightenment and
humanism.
The Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation in
Stuttgart is dedicated to Jewish-Christian dialogue. Until 2007,
Stuttgart was the seat of the umbrella organization of Christian-Islamic
dialogue organizations, the Coordination Council for Christian-Islamic
Dialogue (KCID). Two of its affiliates are active at the local level.
Stroll through the city via Königstraße and Schloßplatz
A walk
from Stuttgart-Mitte to Villa Reitzenstein, fantastic views of the
Stuttgart "Kessel"
Visit to a musical
Ride on the first funicular.
Cherrytours Stuttgart - My city tour (Cherrytours GmbH), Gerberstraße
17, +49 (0)711 66486659, email: office@cherrytours.de. City tours
privately or in small groups for individualists. Tours available daily,
also in different languages. Individual start and end points possible on
request. Price: from 15 EUR. Accepted payment methods: Cash, Master,
Visa
City walks Stuttgart Stäffelestouren.
Ghost tours (also in
English) and creepy night hikes in the Stuttgart Ghost Forest.
Segway
Tour Stuttgart (Seg Tour GmbH), Gerberstrasse 17, +49 (0)711 66486657,
info@segwaytour-stuttgart.de. City tour on various routes through
Stuttgart with the electric standing scooter "Segway®". In addition to
the classic tour to the most famous sights, you can also choose a tour
to the television tower or through the palace gardens. Also bookable for
events, company outings or bachelor parties. Price: €85. Accepted
payment methods: Cash, Master, Visa, Amex, Apple Pay, Google Pay, EC.
Digital city tours, Stuttgart city rallies in German and English.
By plane
1 Stuttgart Airport (Manfred Rommel Airport, IATA: STR),
Flughafenstraße 32, 70629 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 711 948-0, fax: +49 711
948-2241, e-mail: info@stuttgart-airport.com . Open: 24/7.
Stuttgart International Airport, which is served by numerous airlines,
is located in Echterdingen, south of Stuttgart. There are both national
and international scheduled and charter connections. The airport can be
reached with the S-Bahn lines S2 and S3 from Stuttgart main station in
27 minutes for €2.90 (tariff 2019) and with the underground line U6 in
32 minutes. It is directly connected to the German and European
long-distance road network via the A8 motorway with its own exit. The
Stuttgart Airport Busterminal is also located at the airport (see
below).
Frankfurt International Airport (IATA: FRA) is only 1¼
hours away from Stuttgart Central Station by train.
By train
2
Stuttgart Central Station, Arnulf-Klett-Platz 2, 70173 Stuttgart. Open:
24/7.
The main train station in the Swabian metropolis has been a
construction site for more than a decade. The main station, designed as
a terminus, is located in the center of Stuttgart. It is part of the
long-distance train network (ICE, EC and IC) as well as regional
transport, most of the S-Bahn lines and some U-Bahn lines.
Since
June 2007 there have been four direct TGV connections via Strasbourg to
Paris (Gare de l'Est), which can be reached in around 3 hours 10
minutes. Other direct cross-border connections lead to Zurich (2¾ hours
travel time) and Klagenfurt (7 hours 19 minutes; via Salzburg: 4 hours
11 minutes).
ICE connections lead to Munich, to Cologne via
Frankfurt Airport, to Hamburg and Berlin via Mannheim, Frankfurt am Main
Hauptbahnhof and Hanover. According to the timetable, the journey from
Frankfurt main station takes about 1¼ hours. There are also direct
connections to Würzburg, Ulm, Lindau, Karlsruhe and Mannheim.
Due
to the construction work for the Stuttgart 21 project, it is important
to find out about possible changed platform assignments before a train
departs and expect that the construction work will increase the times it
takes to reach the departure platform and when changing trains,
especially between the S-Bahn (tracks 101 and 102 ) and regional and
long-distance traffic (platforms 1-16), may be higher than expected.
Switching from the long-distance train to the S-Bahn is easier in
Ludwigsburg, Waiblingen, Bad Cannstatt in the direction of the main
train station, where you can then switch to the other S-Bahn lines. The
Stadtmitte stop is also a good place to change trains, as most travelers
change trains at the main train station. The possibility of getting a
seat is greater there.
By bus
3 Stuttgart Airport Busterminal,
Building 346 (SAB), 70629 Stuttgart (located directly at Terminal 4 on
the ground floor of the P 14 multi-storey car park at Stuttgart Airport,
public transport to Stuttgart with the S-Bahn lines S 2 and S 3). Phone:
+49 711 948-5223, Fax: +49 711 948-5221. Since May 2016, the SAB with 18
bus platforms has been the central point of contact for long-distance
buses to Stuttgart. All major long-distance bus lines go to the
terminal. The stop at Stuttgart main station has been omitted due to the
construction work on the S 21. The interim stops in
Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen and Stuttgart-Obertürkheim have not been served
since the SAB went into operation. Open: 24/7.
In the street
Stuttgart lies on the A8 (Munich-Karlsruhe) and A81 (Heilbronn-Singen)
motorways. There are numerous exits with fast feeder trains to
Stuttgart-Mitte. Unfortunately, these are at high risk of traffic jams
during peak traffic times (Neue Weinsteige, B10, etc.).
In
Stuttgart, environmental zones have been set up in accordance with the
Fine Dust Ordinance. If you don't have the appropriate badge, you risk a
fine of €100 when entering an environmental zone. This also applies to
foreign road users.
Numerous roads lead directly to the center of Stuttgart, but these
should be avoided during rush hour. There are many parking garages in
the city center that are easy to find thanks to a well-signposted
parking guidance system.
Public transportation
Stuttgart has a
very good S-Bahn (S1-S6, S60) and light rail network (U1-U15), which is
supplemented by numerous bus lines. · Route map. A special feature in
Stuttgart is the only inner-city cog railway in Germany and a nostalgic
funicular. At weekends, the S-Bahn and night buses run throughout the
night.
Bicycles can be taken on local trains, S-Bahn and Stadtbahn
trains as well as on the cog railway (uphill) free of charge, except:
Monday to Friday from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. a child’s ticket must be
purchased. Bikes are not allowed on the Stadtbahn from Monday to Friday
from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. and from 4:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
Stuttgart is part of the rather large Stuttgart transport association
(VVS), which includes four neighboring districts in addition to
Stuttgart. Tickets are valid on the Stadtbahn, S-Bahn, bus and regional
trains (RB, RE) and can be bought from ticket machines, from the bus
driver, in the VVS sales offices, sometimes online and as a mobile phone
ticket. However, delays and cancellations are the order of the day at
the VVS.
In April 2019 there was a major tariff reform in the VVS
area, since then there have only been five tariff zones that are
ring-shaped like an onion around Stuttgart (as well as three further
tariff zones for transitional tariff areas), the entire Stuttgart city
area is only one tariff zone, so that annoying Checking and
recalculating for city trips is not necessary.
ticket cost
There are the following types of tickets, the prices refer to the
non-digital purchase; digital cards are cheaper:
Short-distance
ticket: €1.70 per trip. Valid for one journey up to the 3rd stop. Also
allowed on S-Bahn and local trains (only to the next stop). Transfers
and breaks in the journey are not permitted! Also not valid on night
buses!
Single ticket: The price depends on the number of zones
traveled through. Valid for one trip towards the destination. Transfers
and breaks in the journey are permitted. It is valid for three hours
after purchase. 1 zone: €2.90, 2 zones: €3.70, 3 zones: €4.80, 4 zones:
€5.90, 7 or more zones: €9.30. Children or dogs pay about half the
price.
4-ticket: The conditions correspond to those of a single
ticket. The 4-ride ticket contains four sections, with one section being
valid for one journey. It must be validated on the platform, in the bus
or in the tram before boarding and is then valid for two hours.
Transfers and breaks in the journey towards the destination are
permitted. The prices are about 5% below those of a single ticket, so
very little money is saved per trip. 4-tickets can also be used by
several people. Each person must then validate one section.
Single
Day Ticket: Valid for one person for any number of journeys. Valid
immediately when purchased on the bus or at a vending machine. Tickets
purchased in advance must be validated. Valid until closing time
(including night buses). 1 zone: €5.80, 2 zones: €7.40, entire network:
€14.40.
Group day ticket: Valid for up to 5 people or parents/one
parent with any number of their own children up to and including 17
years. 1 zone: €11.60, 2 zones: €14.40, 3 zones: €17.10. Entire network:
€20.80. Instead of a person, a dog or, during the time when you have to
pay for bicycle transport, a bicycle can be taken along. Otherwise the
same conditions as for the single day ticket.
3-day ticket (only for
overnight guests): It is valid for one adult and two children (6-17
years) or for three children (6-17 years) on three consecutive days
(validation day = first day of validity) for as many journeys as you
like. City of Stuttgart including Fellbach and Korntal: €15.10, entire
network: €20.90. The 3-day ticket is available in numerous hotels and
guesthouses or, upon presentation of appropriate written proof of hotel
accommodation or congress registration, from the i-Punkt Tourist
Information Center and the Tourist Information Center at the airport.
In addition, the Baden-Württemberg ticket or the Baden-Württemberg night
ticket and the metropolitan ticket are accepted throughout the VVS and
are available from the ticket machines, in the buses from the bus
drivers and digitally.
car sharing etc.
Stadtmobil offers a
nationwide car sharing service at over 130 stations in Stuttgart.
Share Now (formerly car2go) operates a car sharing service in Stuttgart
with a total of 500 Smart EQ Fortwo electric cars.
Flinkster operates
car sharing rental stations.
Uber offers an app for arranging rental
car drivers in Stuttgart.
CleverShuttle offers a ridepooling service.
SSB Flex operates a chauffeur service.
Zoom offers around 200
e-scooters in the city area.
RegioRadStuttgart (formerly Call a Bike)
rents out around 700 bicycles and 150 pedelecs at fixed stations in the
Stuttgart region.
Lime, Tier and Voi e-scooters can be rented in the
city center via smartphone apps.
1 Koenigstrasse, Koenigstrasse, 70173 Stuttgart (start directly at
Stuttgart main station) . The 1.2 km long Königstrasse (pedestrian zone)
is Stuttgart's main shopping street and one of the busiest shopping
streets in Germany. In the numerous side and side streets, such as
Schulstrasse, Calwer Strasse or Marktplatz, there are more shops and
restaurants.
2 Königsbau-Passagen, Königstraße 26, 70173 Stuttgart
(public transport: directly at the Schlossplatz stop). Tel.: +49 711
870-3060, e-mail: info@koenigsbau-passagen.de . There are currently over
50 shops and 25 restaurants in the shopping center. Open: Mon - Sat
10:00 - 20:00.
3 Milaneo, Mailänder Platz 7, 70173 Stuttgart (approx.
10 minutes on foot from Stuttgart main station, tram stop
Stadtbibliothek). Phone: +49 711 5409300, Email: info@milaneo.com . With
more than 200 shops and restaurants, the shopping center is one of the
largest in south-west Germany. Open: Mon–Thu 10:00–20:00, Fri
10:00–21:30, Sat 9:30–20:00.
4 Gerber, Sophienstraße 21, 70178
Stuttgart (public transport: stops at Rotebühlplatz and Österreichischer
Platz). Tel.: +49 711 280419-228, fax: +49 711 280419-20, e-mail:
stadtkaufhaus@das-gerber.de . The Gerber is a shopping center with a
total of 85 shops and restaurants. Open: Mon-Sat 7:30am-10:00pm.
5
Breuninger, Marktstr. 1-3, 70173 Stuttgart (public transport: stop
Rathaus or Charlottenplatz). Phone: +49 711 2110, Fax: +49 711 2361554 .
The head office of the luxury department store founded in 1881 is
located directly on the market square in Stuttgart. Open: Mon-Fri 10:00
- 20:00, Sat 9:30 - 20:00.
6 Stuttgart Market Hall, Dorotheenstrasse
4, 70173 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 48041-0 . The Martkhalle Stuttgart is
an Art Nouveau building from 1914 and was built by the architect Martin
Elsässer. The frescoes were created by Franz Heinrich Gref and Gustav
Rümelin and the facade sculptures by Josef Zeitler and Jakob Brüllmann.
Today there are over 30 market stands with delicacies from all over the
world in the market hall. There are also several restaurants in the
market hall building. Also worth seeing is the Ceres fountain inside,
which was rebuilt in 2009 according to old plans. Open: Mon-Fri 7:30
a.m. - 6:30 p.m., Sat 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m
7 Dorotheen-Quartier,
Eduard-Breuninger-Strasse, Dorotheenstrasse and Karlstrasse, 70173
Stuttgart (public transport: Charlottenplatz). Email:
info@dorotheen-quartier.de . 23 shops and seven restaurants can be found
in the Dorotheen Quartier, which opened in 2017, next to the Breuninger
department store. Open: Mon–Fri 10:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m., Sat 9:30 a.m.–8:00
p.m. (gastronomy may vary).
8 Stars of the South (Lehenviertel),
Liststrasse 30, 70180 Stuttgart (near St. Mark's Church). Tel.: +49 711
6456020. Several shops and service providers have joined forces under
the label Stars of the South in the trend district of Stuttgart-Süd.
9 Treasures of the West, Vogelsangstrasse 28, 70197 Stuttgart (next to
St. Elisabeth Church). Phone: +49 711 6332241, email:
info@schaetze-des-westens.de. Numerous small shops and service providers
have joined forces in the trendy district of Stuttgart-West under the
label Treasures of the West.
Downtown
Supperclub Stuttgart The anonymous culinarians, Stuttgart
Central/East. The new private supper club in Stuttgart. A fixed menu on
certain dates. Pre-registration required.Edit info
Mr Kächele,
Stadtmitte / Rotebühlplatz 20 A (Calwer Passage). Handmade Maultaschen
(classic and vegetarian, also vegan) and other Swabian specialties in
grandma quality. Chic stand-up bistro/delicatessen. Open: Mon-Sat
10:30-19:00.
Paulaner restaurant, Calwer Strasse 45, 70173 Stuttgart.
Bavarian-style beer garden and inn, solid Bavarian fare right on
Rothbühlplatz in the center of Stuttgart. Feature: Bavarian cuisine.
Amadeus, Charlottenplatz 17, 70173 Stuttgart. Cozy restaurant with a
beer garden in the inner courtyard, which offers snacks and refined
dishes in addition to local dishes.
Academy of Fine Arts,
Charlottenstr. 5, 70173 Stuttgart. Café and bistro in an art gallery,
also outdoor dining in summer. Very cosy, breakfast most of the day, a
bit smoky.
Schlesinger, Schloßstrasse 28, 70173 Stuttgart. Rustic,
larger pub with very good home-style cooking 500m from the Liederhalle.
South
Laguna, Filderstr. 31, 70173 Stuttgart. Spanish restaurant
in Stuttgart-Süd with excellent food and a family atmosphere. In the
summer there is also a small outdoor area. Feature: Spanish cuisine.
West
Stäffele, Buschlestr. 2a/b, 70178 Stuttgart. Cozy
restaurant. Swabian specialties such as roast beef, Käsespätzle, tripe,
Bubenspitzle, lentils with spaetzle and strings, Maultaschen and wine
from the region are offered here. In summer also outdoors. Feature:
Swabian cuisine.
Ebony, Herzogstr. 11, 70173 Stuttgart. African
restaurant. Around €11 for meat dishes (lamb, chicken, beef). Feature:
African cuisine.
In recent years, downtown Stuttgart has developed into a place with a
vibrant nightlife and numerous places to go out. In addition to
Theodor-Heuss-Strasse, which is best known for its hip clubs and
lounges, there are bars on Rotebühlplatz (city center) and around the
Hans-im-Glück fountain where you can party until the wee hours. All
inner-city pubs, bars and clubs are in the immediate vicinity of
Königstraße (main shopping street) and can therefore be easily reached
on foot.
2 Hans im Glück fountain
Especially on mild summer
nights, the Geißstrasse and the Töpferstrasse around the Hans-im-Glück
fountain fill up. In a relaxed atmosphere with old town flair, bars and
pubs tempt with outdoor seating and beer to go, while the music
(something between alternative mainstream and old school hip-hop) is
turned up inside. The drink prices are average, there is no entry fee,
it usually closes at 4 a.m.
3 Rotebühlplatz (city center)
A
number of important institutions have established themselves around
Rotebühlplatz at the end of Königstrasse. There is a lot going on in the
corner around the bar clubs Wurst&Fleisch, Lange Theke and Cue (HipHop,
often with admission), the KellerClub opposite and a few steps down at
Club Schocken. Along Eberhardtstraße, past the sausage and kebab shops,
you can party and play table football in the cellar vaults of the
Delayla and in Oblomov (Torstraße), which is open 24 hours a day, in a
pub/club atmosphere for decades.
4 Theodor-Heuss-Strasse
Theodor-Heuss-Strasse between Rotebühlplatz and Bolzstrasse, one of the
city's main thoroughfares during the day, has long since developed into
an extremely popular place to go out for those looking to party. Casual
lounges, stylish bars and different clubs offer varied entertainment and
invite you to party hop. But be careful: the souped-up cars often drive
too fast here and the bouncers in some clubs insist on a balanced
proportion of women.
5 university campus in Vaihingen
The
three student bars Unithekle, Wunderbar and Boddschamber on the
university campus in Stuttgart-Vaihingen offer the cheapest option (get
off at the Universität S-Bahn station).
Since Stuttgart is a trade fair city, the accommodation prices can
vary greatly. Before booking, it is worth taking a look at the trade
fair calendar. If you are flexible in terms of time, the overnight stay
a few days later can be much cheaper.
Cheap
Youth Guesthouse
Stuttgart, Richard-Wagner-Str. 2nd overnight stay with breakfast from
€16, simple and clean, large garden with a view of Stuttgart. (no
membership)
ALEX 30 Hostel, Alexanderstr. 30th night from €19, simple
and clean, large garden with a view of Stuttgart. (no membership)
1
Stuttgart Youth Hostel, Haussmannstr. 27 . Overnight stay with breakfast
from €20.30. (Only for members of Hosteling International/Deutschen
Jugendherbergswerk!) Accepted payment methods: debit card, credit card.
2 A&O Stuttgart City, Rosensteinstr. 14/16 Tel: +49 711 2527 7400,
Email: booking@aohostels.com. Feature: 237 rooms. Payment methods
accepted: debit card, credit card.
Middle
The Accor Group
operates several hotels in Stuttgart under the ibis, Mercure and 1
Pullman Hotel brands
ibis budget Stuttgart City North, Siemensstr. 28
Hotel ibis Stuttgart City, Presselstr. 15
Mercure Hotel Stuttgart
Airport, Eichwiesenring 1/ 1.
3 Mercure Hotel Stuttgart City Center,
Heilbronner Str. 88. Feature: ★★★★.
4 Hotel Pullman Stuttgart
Fontana, Vollmoellerstr. 5, 70563 Stuttgart. Tel: +49 (0)711 73 00,
email: h5425@accor.com. Check-in: from 3 p.m. Check-out: until 12:00
p.m.
City Hotel Stuttgart, Uhlandstr. 18
AMBER HOTEL
Leonberg/Stuttgart, Römerstr. 102, 71229 Leonberg. Phone: +49 (0)7152
303-3, fax: +49 (0)7152 303-499, e-mail: Leonberg@AMBER-HOTELS.de.
Feature: ★★★★.
GOLDEN LEAF hotels. 3-star comfort in Zuffenhausen
(Porsche Museum), 4-star with six conference rooms between the airport,
trade fair and musical in the Fasanenhof. Feature: ★★★.
relexa
Waldhotel Schatten Stuttgart, Magstadter Str., 70569 Stuttgart. Tel.:
+49 711 6867 0. Traditional 4-star hotel, ideal for city and business
travellers. Wellness area, meeting rooms, restaurants, bar, relexa
cooking (cooking classes) Feature: ★★★★.
Motel One Group operates 2
hotels in Stuttgart
Motel One Stuttgart main station,
Lautenschlagerstr. 14
Motel One Stuttgart-Feuerbach, Heilbronner Str.
325.
5 Dorint Airport Hotel Stuttgart, Heilbronner Str. 15-17, 70771
Leinfelden-Echterdingen. Tel.: +49 711 320640, fax: +49 711 32064100,
e-mail: info.stuttgart@dorint.com. Opened in 2015, the hotel offers 155
rooms. Price: from €79 per room/night.
upscale
6 Hotel
Azenberg, Seestr. 114-116, 70174 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 22 55 04 0,
email: info@hotelazenberg.de. Family-run, cozy 4-star hotel on the edge
of downtown Stuttgart. Feature: ★★★★.
7 Parkhotel Stuttgart Messe
Airport, Filderbahnstr. 2, 70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen. Phone: +49 711
63344 0, email: info@parkhotel-stuttgart.de. Modern, privately run 4*
superior hotel opened in 2011. Centrally located at the S-Bahn station
in Echterdingen with a taxi rank right in front of the door. The airport
and the Stuttgart exhibition center can be reached in a few minutes. The
best connections are guaranteed thanks to a direct connection to the
motorway. Features: ★★★★, ★★★★S.
8 The Sorcerer's Apprentice,
Rosenstr. 38, 70182 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 711 2377770, email:
kontakt@zauberlehrling.de. Privately run design hotel in the city center
with 17 rooms and suites, cooking school, restaurant and meeting room.
About 5 minutes walk from the palace and town hall square. Each room is
decorated in a different style. The hotel is divided into two buildings,
no elevator (3 floors) but nice and helpful staff. Underground parking
available. Feature: ★★★★.
The University of Stuttgart has existed for more than 175 years and
today has ten faculties. The main focus here is on technical and
scientific courses. The University of Stuttgart is a campus university
with two locations in the city center and in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, which
are conveniently connected to the S-Bahn.
The University of Hohenheim
is also well known, especially with its natural science subjects.
The region is characterized by automobile construction. Daimler, Bosch and Porsche have their headquarters here. Furthermore, many suppliers have settled in and around Stuttgart. Stuttgart is characterized by different economic structures. The largest employer is Daimler AG, which is one of the most important automobile companies in Germany.
Stuttgart is a very safe city. Nevertheless, one should perhaps avoid the castle garden at night.
There are 19 mineral springs in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart has the
second largest mineral water supply in Europe. The mineral water was
already discovered and used by the Romans. There are three mineral baths
in total: Leuze, Mineralbad Berg and Mineralbad Cannstatt am Kurpark.
These baths invite everyone to take a cure and relax.
There are
also numerous springs where you can tap fresh mineral water.
Stuttgart has numerous clinics with corresponding emergency services.
There is also a dense network of pharmacies with a 24-hour emergency
service. Specialists of all disciplines are sufficiently available in
the private sector.
Swabians are known for their proverbial thrift. You should keep that in mind and always remember that their quirky nature is often not meant in a bad way. In contrast to the Swabian rural population, many people in Stuttgart are quite open to tourists.
The most important sentences that are typical for Stuttgart:
A
Halbe bidde - A 0.5 l beer please
Derft I mol eiarn Fahrschei säh -
May I see your ticket.
Heb des amol - Hold on tight
sack of
salvation! - Holy shit!
What's that cooking? - What does this cost?
Heida no. - Oha / that's awesome / Woa
As in Bavaria, people in
Stuttgart are often greeted with a hearty "Grüß Gott". When saying
goodbye, older people in particular often say "Ade".
Yorma's snack bar and café in the main station near platform 3/4 and
at the entrance to the underground city railway station from
Königstrasse. coming. The web minute vouchers available there can be
reused in any Yorma's branch.
There is free Internet access in the
main library office on Mailänder Platz with advance notice. There are
also computers without an appointment for short searches that shouldn't
take longer than 15 minutes.
Many consulates have settled in the Baden-Württemberg state capital
where travelers from the respective countries can seek advice. (list not
complete!)
Consulate of the Republic of Kosova, Johannesstraße
47B, 70176 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 627677-0, fax: +49 711 627677-29,
e-mail: consulate.stuttgart@rks-gov.net.
Honorary Consulate of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands, Charlottenplatz 6, 70173 Stuttgart. Phone:
+49 711 54096502, fax: +49 711 229316-50, email:
stuttgart@nl-konsulat.de. no travel papers, visas, official documents or
certificates.
Consulate General France (Consulat général de France à
Stuttgart), Schloßstraße 51, 70174 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 23925-53,
Fax: +49 711 23925-54. Open: Wed 09:00 - 13:00, 14:00 - 18:00; Thursday
09:00 - 13:00; Fri 09:00 - 14:00.
Consulate General Italy (Consolato
Generale d'Italia Stoccarda), Lenzhalde 46, 70192 Stuttgart. Phone: +49
711 2563-0, Fax: +49 711 2563-136, Email: consolato.stoccarda@esteri.it.
Open: Mon-Fri 09:00 - 12:00; Thursday 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Consulate
General Portugal (Consulado Geral de Portugal - Estugarda), Königstrasse
20, 70173 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 22739-6, Fax: +49 711 22739-89,
Email: estugarda@mne.pt. Open: Mon, Tue, Thu, Fri 8:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.;
Wed 8:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m.
Swiss Consulate General (Consulato generale
di Svizzera a Stoccarda; Consulat Général de Suisse à Stuttgart),
Hirschstrasse 22, 70173 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 711 222943-0, fax: +49 711
222943-22, e-mail: stu.vertretung@eda.admin.ch.
Consulate General
Spain (Consulado General de Espana), Lenzhalde 61, 70192 Stuttgart.
Phone: +49 711 9979800, Fax: +49 711 2265927, Email:
cog.stuttgart@maec.es.
Honorary Consulate Burundi, Danneckerstraße 4,
70182 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 711 248377-50, Fax: +49 711 248377-21. Open:
Mon-Fri 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Honorary Consulate of Ireland,
Meßstetter Straße 8, 70567 Stuttgart (Stuttgart-Möhringen). Phone: +49
711 35160710, fax: +49 711 4560647, email:
irish.consulate.stuttgart@t-online.de. Open: Mon-Fri 09:30 - 12:30.
Honorary Consulate Japan, Am Hauptbahnhof 2, 70173 Stuttgart. Phone: +49
711 12777-799, Fax: +49 711 12777-800.
Honorary Consulate Canada,
Leitzstrasse 45, 70469 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 (0)711 223-9678, fax: +49
(0)711 223-9679, email: stuttgart@international.gc.ca. Open: Mon-Wed: 9
am - 1 pm, Thu: 2 pm - 6 pm.
Honorary Consulate Malta, Heilbronner
Strasse 150, 70191 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 (0)711 4900440-1, fax: +49
(0)711 4900440-2, e-mail: maltaconsul.stuttgart@gov.mt. Open: by
appointment.
Honorary Consulate Paraguay, Am Hauptbahnhof 9, 70173
Stuttgart. Phone: +49 (0)711 722331-50, Fax: +49 (0)711 722331-51. Open:
Mon-Fri 10am-1pm.
Honorary Consulate Rwanda, Heilbronner Straße 362,
70469 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 (0)711 2506-0, Fax: +49 (0)711 2506-205.
Open: Mon-Fri 08:30-12:00 and 14:00-16:00.
Honorary Consulate Sweden,
Rotebühlstraße 77, 70178 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 (0)711 6672-1999, fax:
+49 (0)711 6672-2036, e-mail: schweden-konsulat@klett-gruppe.de. Open:
Mon-Wed, Fri 10am-12pm; Thursday 2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Honorary
Consulate Thailand, Pforzheimer Strasse 381, 70499 Stuttgart. Phone: +49
(0)711 2264-844, Fax: +49 (0)711 22648-56. Open: Mon, Wed, Fri
12:00-14:00.
Consulate General of the Republic of Croatia,
Liebenzeller Strasse 5, 70372 Stuttgart. Tel.: +49 (0)711 955710, fax:
+49 (0)711 556049, e-mail: gkrhst@mvep.hr. Open: Mon-Fri 08:30-12:30;
Tue, Thu 1:30-3:30 p.m.
Consulate General of the Republic of Serbia,
Taubenstrasse 4, 70199 Stuttgart. Phone: +49 (0)711 6017060, fax: +49
(0)711 6494048, email: gk-stutgart@t-online.de. Open: Mon-Fri
08:30-13:00, Wed 15:00-18:00.
Consulate General of the Republic of
Turkey, Kernerplatz 7. Tel.: +49 (0)711 166670, fax: +49 (0)711 2622102,
e-mail: konsulat.stuttgart@mfa.gov.tr. Open: Mon-Fri 08:30-12:30.
Consulate General Greece, Hauptstätter Straße 54, 70178 Stuttgart.
Phone: +49 (0))711 222987-0, Fax: +49 (0)711 222967-40, Email:
grgencon.stu@mfa.gr. Open: Mon, Wed, Thu, Fri 08:45 - 14:00; Tue
08:45-13:30 and 15:00-18:00.
Due to its location, the Altenburg above the Neckarfurt in today's
Cannstatt was originally the most important place in today's Stuttgart
urban area. This hill on the left bank of the Neckar was already
inhabited in prehistoric times and the oldest settlement in historical
times in what is now the city of Stuttgart was built there around the
year 90 AD, a Roman cavalry fort (Castell Cannstatt) built to secure the
traffic routes that converge there, in where a 500-strong cavalry unit
was stationed. An unfortified civilian settlement (vicus) developed
around the fort and east of the Neckar in the area of today's old town
of Bad Cannstatt. It survived and continued to grow after the fort was
relocated eastwards with the Limes to Welzheim (Valentia [?]) in 159/160
AD. Scattered finds show that this settlement was at least 19 hectares
in size (research status of 1986). Roman Cannstatt was thus far larger
than medieval Cannstatt (approx. 10 hectares of walled area) and at the
same time one of the largest Roman cities in today's Baden-Württemberg
after Ladenburg (Lopodunum) and Rottenburg am Neckar (Sumelocenna),
roughly on a par with Wimpfen and Rottweil (Arae Flaviae) and Heidenheim
an der Brenz (Aquileia). In Roman times almost all long-distance traffic
from Mainz and the Rhineland to Augsburg and Raetia passed through what
is now Bad Cannstatt. The rich mineral springs of Bad Cannstatt were
apparently already being used in Roman times.
However, there is
no evidence of large Roman buildings (aqueducts, thermal baths,
theatres, city walls, forum buildings, etc.). Apparently, the population
of the city decreased significantly in the early 3rd century, since the
occupancy of the Roman cemeteries decreased significantly from that
time. To this small town belonged a so-called beneficiary station and a
larger civilian brick factory, which, in addition to pottery, also
produced sophisticated building ceramics. Excavations have confirmed
that the Romans introduced viticulture to the Rhine and Moselle in the
1st century AD at the latest and that it survived the Migration Period
there. Whether this also applies to the Stuttgart area has not yet been
proven with certainty. The cultivation of wine on the Neckar (in
Ladenburg) is documented in the year 628 and in Bavaria also in the 7th
century.
The end of Roman Cannstatt came at the latest with the
great Alemanni invasion of 259/260 AD. The city's Latin name is unknown.
In the original urban area of Stuttgart (before the unification with
Bad Cannstatt in 1905) there are two Roman estates (villae rusticae),
one in the Heusteig district and one at today's main station, as well as
another brick factory near the main station, the remains of which were
discovered in the course of the work for the new station were
discovered. In today's urban area of Stuttgart there were several other
Roman estates, one of which was discovered in 1843 and was located in
the center of Stuttgart-Münster, a good kilometer north of Bad
Cannstatt.
Until the late 20th century, there was no direct evidence of human
presence in the area of today's Stuttgart from the migration period,
apart from isolated Alemannic finds - especially in the burial ground of
Stuttgart-Feuerbach discovered in 1904 with burials from the 6th
century. Nevertheless, it was considered certain that the conveniently
located area was inhabited throughout. Indirect evidence of settlement
continuity were some place names with Celtic etymology in and near
Stuttgart (including the names Württemberg [< Wirtenberg < Celtic
*Virodunum], Brag- [in Pragsattel, Pragfriedhof], Bopser, Brie (older
Brige < Celtic briga), Neckar, probably also Cannstatt [< Condistat]
etc.) and conclusions by analogy with other regions in south-west
Germany. Today's Stuttgart districts of Möhringen, Vaihingen, Plieningen
and Hedelfingen go back at least to the 6th century AD, as can be seen
from the form of the name -ingen.
Cannstatt, which was important
in Roman times, was mentioned in a document as early as 700 AD
(before/until 709) as the first place in the area on the occasion of a
donation to the St. Gallen monastery, which was founded in 612. The
place, in which Christians lived as early as around the year 500
according to grave finds, gained particular importance for the area
through the Martinskirche built between 650 and 700 on the site of
today's Steigfriedhof. It belonged to the diocese of Constance and was
the mother church for a large part of what is now Stuttgart. Another
such early church was in Kornwestheim, erected around 635 AD and just
north of today's urban area, a third in Plieningen (around 600 AD) in
the south of the urban area. These three churches were all dedicated to
the Frankish imperial saint Martin of Tours and they were the starting
points for the Christianization of the Stuttgart area in the 7th
century.
It has recently been documented that the area around
Stuttgart's city center was also inhabited during the Migration Period.
When the main station was being built in 2014, the remains of an early
Alemannic settlement from the 3rd and 4th centuries were found in
construction site 16 and in the neighboring construction area to the
north of the culvert on Cannstatter Straße, about four meters below
today's ground level. This discovery from the decades immediately after
the fall of the Limes in 259/260 is extraordinary because the few
Alemannic finds of this time were almost all made in hilltop castles.
The find includes building structures of wooden houses, some with
preserved post positions made of split oak trunks. They are so well
preserved that the buildings can be dendrochronologically dated to the
exact year, which, however, was not done until 2019.
It is also
known from excavations from 1998 to 2005 that the area under the Old
Castle had been inhabited since the 8th century. Burials under the
collegiate church date back to the 7th century, the first secure church
building on this site dates from the 10th or 11th century. It was a
single-nave early Romanesque church built of stone, 9.10 meters wide and
(including the semi-circular apse) approx. 25.10 meters long (external
dimensions; internal dimensions 6.30 × 15.75 m without apse). Since the
state of preservation of the finds was poor and only a small part of the
area under the collegiate church was examined, an even older church may
have been on this site. On the one hand, the location of the church
above a Merovingian cemetery and, on the other hand, the orientation of
the collegiate church speak for the assumption of such an early, then
probably wooden church building: From the 9th century at the latest,
newly built churches north of the Alps were always more or less
precisely in East West-facing, unless there were compelling reasons not
to do so or previous buildings with a different orientation. The
collegiate church, with all its predecessors, is aligned almost exactly
in a southwest-northeast direction.
Also dating back to the 7th
century are the hamlets of Immenhofen (in today's Heusteigviertel,
southwest of the old town), Tunzhofen (near the main train station, east
of the old town) and the unsecured Frankenbach. Possibly Frankenbach was
nothing other than the name of the later Stuttgart before the founding
of the eponymous stud farm (Stuotgarten) in 950 or shortly before.
Stuttgart itself was probably founded as a stud farm (Stuotgarten) between 926 and 948 in the Nesenbach valley five kilometers southwest of Altenburg during the Hungarian invasions, which ended with the Battle of Lechfeld near Augsburg in 955. Archaeological finds show that a farming settlement had existed here since the late Merovingian period. The founding is generally attributed to Duke Liudolf of Swabia, which speaks more for a period after 945. The chosen location was ideal for horse breeding due to the natural conditions of the valley basin, which is closed on three sides, but rather unfavorable for the development into a larger settlement in contrast to Neckarfurt. Stuttgart owes its later importance to its choice as a residential location.
The name Stuttgart was first mentioned in the form of Stuokarten in
the Hirsauer Codex around 1160, when a Hugo de Stuokarten bequeathed
Stuttgart goods in Stammheim and Sasbach to the Hirsau monastery. This
mention was only discovered in the mid-1950s by the archivist Karl Otto
Müller[33] and led to a discussion as to whether the 800th anniversary
of the city of Stuttgart should be celebrated in 1960. It was refrained
from because the supposed 700th anniversary of the city had only been
celebrated in 1929.
The settlement near the stud came into the
possession of the Margraves of Baden around 1200. The city survey by
Hermann V of Baden, brought into play by Hansmartin Decker-Hauff for the
year 1219, did not find general acceptance. The first documented date
for this is March 8, 1229, on which Stuttgart in a document of Pope
Gregory IX. was named for the Bebenhausen monastery. In 1251, Stuttgart
came to the Counts of Württemberg as a dowry for Mechthild von Baden. By
this time at the latest, there was a castle on the site of today's Old
Castle, the construction of which had begun between the second half of
the 12th and the first half of the 13th century.
In 1286, the
Habsburg King Rudolf besieged the city of Stuttgart and razed its walls,
in 1287 he took over or destroyed all the strongholds around Stuttgart.
From around 1302, Count Eberhard I built a moated castle on the site of
today's Old Castle. In the conflict with Emperor Heinrich VII, which led
to the imperial war in which the imperial city of Esslingen played a key
role, the Württembergers lost Stuttgart to the empire, which is why it
was administered by Esslingen from 1312 to 1315. Eberhard was able to
take advantage of the political situation that arose after Heinrich's
death and regain the lost territories. Since Württemberg Castle had also
been destroyed by Esslingen in 1311, from 1317 he expanded Stuttgart,
which was more favorably located in relation to the ongoing threat from
Esslingen, and strengthened the fortifications to become the count's
residence in the emerging territorial state of Württemberg. Around 1320,
with papal approval, the monastery and burial place of the Wuerttemberg
family were also relocated from Beutelsbach to Stuttgart. H. Dependent
town church was considerably expanded as a collegiate church. Finally,
in 1323, the bishop of Constance also placed the Martinskirche under the
authority of the Heilig-Kreuz-Stift in Stuttgart, which took over its
function as a dean. By then, at the latest, Stuttgart had surpassed
Cannstatt and Altenburg in importance. As early as the end of the 14th
century, a first suburb emerged to the south-east outside of the
Stuttgart city fortifications: the Esslinger or Leonhardsvorstadt, named
after the Leonhardskapelle around which it formed. At the end of the
15th century, Ulrich V created the planned upper suburb in the
north-west, in the center of which a Dominican monastery with today's
hospital church was built. As a result of the temporary division of
Württemberg, Stuttgart was only the capital of one part of the country
from 1442 to 1482. In 1457 the first verifiable state assembly of the
Württemberg estates for the Stuttgart part of the country took place in
Stuttgart, with a state assembly for the Urach part taking place in
Leonberg in the same year.
With the elevation of Eberhard im Bart to the rank of duke, Stuttgart
became the residence of the Duchy of Württemberg in 1495. As a result of
the disputes led by Duke Ulrich with Reutlingen and the Swabian League,
the city was Habsburg from 1520-1534, like the whole of Württemberg. On
his return in 1534, Ulrich had Erhard Schnepf introduce the Reformation.
Under Duke Christoph, new city fortifications were built around 1565,
which included the suburbs. Between 1553 and 1570/78, the castle was
rebuilt and expanded by Aberlin Tretsch into a representative
Renaissance castle, which basically created the structural condition of
today's old castle. With the construction of the Pfaffensee in the
Glemstal above Stuttgart and the construction of the Christoph tunnel to
transfer the water to the Nesenbach valley in 1566-1575, the increased
demand for drinking water in Stuttgart made considerable hydraulic
engineering measures necessary. The New Lusthaus was built between 1584
and 1593. Around 1595, Heinrich Schickhardt laid out the forerunner of
today's Schillerplatz.
The Thirty Years' War left devastating
marks. After the Battle of Nördlingen, the young Duke Eberhard, his
councilors and four members of the Landscape Committee fled into exile
in Strasbourg. The four-year direct rule of the Habsburgs over
Württemberg from 1634 to 1638 also resulted in constant burdens for
Stuttgart due to billeting of enemy troops. King Ferdinand III came to
Stuttgart several times in 1634 and 1636 and planned the
re-catholization of Württemberg. In 1637 the plague raged in Stuttgart.
The population halved from a pre-war level of about 10,000 people to
less than 5,000 people in 1648. Among them were only 600 men. In 1650
the first bookshop opened.
In 1686 the first grammar school was
built. In 1688, as part of the Palatinate War of Succession, French
troops under General Mélac appeared at the gates of the city. Thanks to
the diplomacy of the reigning Dowager Duchess Magdalena Sibylla,
Stuttgart was spared the fate of Heidelberg, which was destroyed in this
war. In 1718, Duke Eberhard Ludwig moved his residence to Ludwigsburg,
where the baroque palace built between 1704 and 1733 was built. Only
under Duke Karl Alexander did Stuttgart regain its old position as the
main residence. After his death, the anti-Semitic judicial murder of his
financial advisor Joseph Süss Oppenheimer took place. In 1744 Duke Carl
Eugen was declared of age. In 1746 he laid the foundation stone for the
construction of the New Palace. Other construction projects included the
Solitude and Hohenheim palaces.
With the construction of the High
Karlsschule, Stuttgart briefly became a university location at the end
of the 18th century. A famous pupil of this institution was Friedrich
Schiller, who studied medicine there. Nevertheless, at the end of the
18th century, Stuttgart was still a very provincial city with narrow
streets, livestock, an agricultural population and around 20,000
inhabitants, not counting court servants and the military personnel of
the Württemberg army. For reasons of economy and for fear of the
emergence of revolutionary ideas, the Hohe Karlsschule was dissolved
again in 1794 under Duke Ludwig Eugen.
In 1806, in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and the founding of the
Confederation of the Rhine, Stuttgart was promoted. The former residence
of the old Württemberg duchy rose to become the capital of the kingdom
of Württemberg, which was expanded to include the areas of new
Württemberg. After the existence of the new Württemberg state was
finally confirmed at the conclusion of the Congress of Vienna in 1815,
Stuttgart experienced its gradual rise in the 19th century from the
previous narrowness of a small town shaped by Protestant Pietism to the
mixed-denominational metropolis of Württemberg.
The first
Cannstatt folk festival took place in 1818, and in 1820 the burial
chapel on the Württemberg was built on the site of the old Württemberg
ancestral castle. At the beginning of the 19th century, buildings such
as Rosenstein Castle, the Wilhelmspalais, the State Gallery and the
Königsbau were built. Educational institutions such as the agricultural
school founded in 1818, the United Real and Trade School founded in 1829
and the Stuttgart Music School founded in 1857 go back to the early and
middle 19th century. Stuttgart's tradition as a city of literature was
represented by countless writers who lived there in the 19th century.
Names such as Wilhelm Hauff, Ludwig Uhland, Gustav Schwab and Eduard
Mörike are of national importance.
At the state festival for the
25th anniversary of King Wilhelm I's reign on September 28, 1841, the
Württemberger parade was held in Stuttgart with 10,390 participants and
200,000 spectators. The jubilee column by Johann Michael Knapp, which
was not completed until 1863, still commemorates this event today.
On October 22, 1845, the first Württemberg railway ran from the
Oberamtsstadt Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, from October 15, 1846 also
through the Rosenstein Tunnel to Stuttgart (Alter Centralbahnhof near
Schloßplatz).
At the end of May 1849, after the Prussian King
Friedrich Wilhelm IV had rejected the Reich deputation, the Frankfurt
National Assembly moved to Stuttgart at the invitation of the
Württemberg Minister of Justice, Friedrich Römer. However, the so-called
rump parliament only met until June 18, when it was violently dissolved.
The meeting of the two emperors held in 1857 attracted international
attention.
In the course of the beginning of industrialization,
the population of today's Stuttgart grew steadily. In 1834 Stuttgart had
35,200 inhabitants, in 1852 the 50,000-inhabitant mark was exceeded, in
1864 69,084 inhabitants lived in Stuttgart, and in the year the empire
was founded, 1871, the city had 91,000 inhabitants. In 1874, Stuttgart
became a big city when it exceeded 100,000 inhabitants. This number
doubled, also due to incorporations, until shortly after the turn of the
century (1901: around 185,000, 1904: around 200,000).
The extent
and pace of population growth in the second half of the 19th century
varied greatly within today's urban area. Enormous growth was recorded
from 1851 to 1900 in the residential city (+248 percent) together with
Gaisburg (+428 percent) and in (Bad) Cannstatt (+298 percent). The
emerging industrial locations along the new railway lines
Cannstatt-Untertürkheim-Obertürkheim-Esslingen and
Cannstatt-Stuttgart-Feuerbach-Zuffenhausen-Ludwigsburg also developed
into growth magnets. In 1879, the Stuttgart–Horb railway was added, and
in Vaihingen and Rohr a rapid population growth began. Finally, at the
end of the 19th century, the Stuttgart-Untertürkheim-Kornwestheim
(Schusterbahn) railway line also saw a strong increase in the number of
inhabitants in Münster.
In the 1880s and 1890s, Gottlieb Daimler
(1834–1900) laid the foundations for the first automobiles in Cannstatt
near Stuttgart. In 1887 he founded the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft
there. After a fire in the factory, the new engine factory was built in
Untertürkheim from 1903, where the headquarters of today's Mercedes-Benz
Group is now again.
In 1907 an International Socialist Congress
took place in Stuttgart. 60,000 people attended the opening.
In
1914, work began on the construction of today's station building at the
northern end of the city center based on a design by the architect Paul
Bonatz.
During World War I there were air raids on the city: On
September 22, 1915, most of the bombs, namely 29, fell in the area of
the train station and the nearby Rotebühl barracks, killing three
soldiers and injuring 43. Four civilians also died. During the second
major attack on September 15, 1918, eleven people died when a house on
Heusteigstrasse collapsed, which was partly caused by previous botched
construction work.
On November 30, 1918, in the course of the events of the November
Revolution in the German states, after King Wilhelm II renounced the
crown (revolutionaries stormed his residence, the Wilhelmspalais), the
Kingdom of Württemberg became a free people's state of Württemberg
within the Weimar Republic. On April 26, 1919, the country adopted a new
constitution, which was finally adopted in a revised form on September
25, 1919 by the Constituent State Assembly. In 1920, the city was the
seat of the Reich government for a few days (see Kapp Putsch).
During the Weimar Republic, Stuttgart developed into an economic and
cultural center in the south-west of Germany and was one of the urban
pioneers, particularly in terms of modern architecture (including the
Tagblatt tower, Heslach public baths, Schocken department store,
Weißenhofsiedlung).
Due to the synchronization of the Württemberg administration and the
centralization of Germany at the beginning of the National Socialist era
in 1933, Stuttgart became politically insignificant in its position as
state capital, but it remained the cultural and economic center in the
central Neckar region. Württemberg was combined with the
Hohenzollernsche Landen to form the Gau of the NSDAP
Württemberg-Hohenzollern.
During the National Socialist period,
the city held the honorary title of "City of Germans Abroad" (see
honorary city title of the Nazi era), since Stuttgart was the seat of
the German Institute Abroad.
The Gestapo took over the Hotel
Silber on Dorotheenstrasse, where political opponents of the regime were
imprisoned and tortured. "The Silver" was also used as a transit camp
for numerous celebrities in concentration camps or for murder, for
example for Eugen Bolz, Kurt Schumacher or Lilo Herrmann. In 1988 a
group of students and citizens erected a memorial to the latter between
the college buildings on Keplerstrasse. The Nazi regime of violence
continued to use the district court at Archivstraße 12A as the central
execution site in south-west Germany, where at least 419 people lost
their lives. A memorial in the atrium commemorates this.
During
the November pogrom of 1938, the old synagogue was burned down and the
cemetery chapel of the Jewish community was destroyed. The majority of
the male Jewish citizens of Stuttgart were arrested by the Gestapo
immediately afterwards and taken to the Welzheim police prison or the
Dachau concentration camp. Since 1947, a memorial by the sculptor K.
Löffler on the Israeli part of the Prague cemetery at Friedhofstraße 44
has commemorated the 2,498 Jews of Württemberg who died in the Shoah.
The memorial at the Nordbahnhof commemorates the deportation of
Stuttgart's Jews after 1939. Until emigration was banned on October 1,
1941, only around 60 percent of German Jews were able to flee. During
the war, the Jews still living in Württemberg and Hohenzollern were
forced to move into so-called Jewish apartments or Jewish retirement
homes, after which they were "concentrated" by the Stuttgart
Stapoleitstelle at the Killesberg exhibition center. On December 1,
1941, the first transport train with around 1,000 people drove to Riga,
where they were murdered. Further trains with around 2,500 Jews from the
region followed until the last weeks of the war. Only 180 of these
Württemberg concentration camp prisoners survived.
Towards the
end of the Second World War, large parts of the city were destroyed in
the Anglo-American air raids on Stuttgart. The heaviest attack took
place on September 12, 1944 by the British Royal Air Force on the old
town of Stuttgart. 75 heavy air mines, 4,300 high-explosive bombs and
180,000 incendiary bombs were dropped. The resulting firestorm killed
more than 1,000 people. In total, Stuttgart was attacked 53 times. 68%
of all residential buildings and 75% of industrial facilities were
destroyed. A total of 4477 people were killed and 8908 people injured in
Stuttgart. On April 21, 1945, French troops occupied Stuttgart. Mayor
Strölin officially handed over the city to the French General Jacques
Schwartz on April 22nd in the “Ritter” inn in Degerloch.
Following the occupation of Stuttgart by French occupation troops, at
least 1,389 rapes occurred in Stuttgart. On July 8, 1945, the French
occupying forces surrendered Stuttgart to US soldiers after repeated
requests; from then on the city belonged to the American occupation
zone. Stuttgart was the capital of the state of Württemberg-Baden, which
existed from 1945 to 1952.
The military administration set up DP
camps in Stuttgart to accommodate so-called Displaced Persons (DP). Most
were former forced laborers from Central and Eastern Europe in the
industrial companies of the region. The Stuttgart-West DP camp on
Reinsburgstrasse housed more than 1,400 Jewish survivors of the
Holocaust. During a raid on the morning of March 29, 1946, the camp was
cordoned off by around 130 security police and 80 officers. According to
the police, the reason for this was the fight against the black market.
A shootout broke out during a violent confrontation between residents of
the camp and the police over the arrest of a boy. Samuel Danziger, a
Polish Jew who had just survived the Auschwitz concentration camp, was
shot in the head with a police pistol. As a result of this event, by
order of General Joseph T. McNarney, the supreme commander of US troops
in Europe, the German police were no longer allowed to enter any DP
camps in the US zone without permission from the US military
administration. The camp was closed in 1949 and the remaining displaced
persons were transferred to a DP camp in Heidenheim an der Brenz.
The city's application in 1948 as the new capital of the
still-to-be-founded Federal Republic failed primarily due to the high
financial burden (one million DM a year for rent). In addition to
Stuttgart, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel and Bonn also
applied; a commission of the Parliamentary Council had previously
checked all the cities for their suitability.
In the post-war
years, in particular due to the ideological instigation of the new Lord
Mayor Arnulf Klett, historical reconstructions were largely dispensed
with during the reconstruction, especially on the Stuttgart market
square, which is important in terms of building culture. Large parts of
the ruins of the city therefore came to the rubble mountain Birkenkopf.
Reconstruction was largely based on modernist ideals and the Athens
Charter, with functional divisions into residential, commercial and
industrial areas. The idea was to create a car-friendly city. Whole
streets and squares were demolished that were not or hardly damaged. In
1955, in the 150th year of Friedrich Schiller's death, the last remains
of his alma mater, the Hohe Karlsschule near the New Castle, were
removed to make room for the widening of the federal highway 14
(Konrad-Adenauer-Straße). This rigorous building policy was already
partly sharply criticized by contemporaries.
On April 25, 1952, Württemberg-Baden was united with the state of
Baden and the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern. Since then, Stuttgart
has been the capital of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg.
The population, which had fallen by almost half in the final years of
the war, primarily as a result of evacuation, flight and air raids
(April 1942: around 498,000, April 1945: around 266,000), grew due to
the influx of expellees from the former eastern territories of the
German Reich and abroad East-Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
again massively in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1962 the city reached
its highest population level to date with around 640,000. In the late
1950s and early 1960s, as a result of the labor shortage and the
economic miracle in post-war West Germany, the first guest workers also
came to the Stuttgart region. These initially came mainly from Italy,
later also from Greece and a large part from what was then Yugoslavia,
and from the 1970s also from Turkey.
Major media events were the
state visits of French President Charles de Gaulle on September 9, 1962
and British Queen Elizabeth II on May 24, 1965 in Stuttgart.
The
Stuttgart correctional facility, built between 1959 and 1963 in
Stammheim, was expanded in 1975 in the course of the Stammheim trial
against leading members of the left-wing extremist terrorist
organization RAF, which was held at the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court.
Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe were
imprisoned in this part of the Stuttgart-Stammheim prison from 1975
until their suicides on May 9, 1976 (Meinhof) and October 18, 1977
(Stammheim night of death).
On October 1, 1978, the S-Bahn in
Stuttgart began scheduled operations on three routes. In 1979, 178
million passengers were transported. The number rose to about 374
million by 2018. (See also traffic)
From June 17 to 19, 1983, the
heads of state and government of the EC met in Stuttgart for a summit
meeting.
The European Athletics Championships were held in 1986
in the Neckar Stadium.
Another major media event was Michael
Gorbachev's visit on June 14, 1989, which culminated in a large
reception in the New Palace.
In 1993, Stuttgart hosted the
International Horticultural Exhibition and the Athletics World
Championships.
A bid by the city for the 2012 Olympic Games
failed in 2003 in the national pre-selection when the NOK decided in
favor of Leipzig.
In 2006, as in 1974, Stuttgart was one of the
venues for the soccer World Cup, including the match for third place.
In the summer of 2010, protests against the Stuttgart 21 railway
project drew the public's attention to the city.
Stuttgart's current territorial status is the result of several waves
of incorporation. The inner city area was essentially completed with the
incorporation of Gaisburg (1901) at the beginning of the 20th century;
the later incorporation of Kaltental (1922) and the allocation of the
Frauenkopf (von Rohracker 1948) finally rounded off the area of the
inner city area.
All incorporations from 1905 successively formed
the areas of the outer city area. On April 1, 1942, the incorporations
were completed with the compulsory assignment of Stammheim and the
southern Filder suburbs. In the post-war period, no further
incorporations were added, even during the major regional reform in
Baden-Württemberg in the mid-1970s.
Stuttgart is located in the center of the state of Baden-Württemberg.
The core of the city is located "between forest and vines" in the
"Stuttgarter Kessel", a valley basin flowing through the Nesenbach and
its tributaries, especially the Vogelsangbach, which flows from the
north-east to the Neckar. The districts extend in the north to the
Neckar basin, in the west to the Glemswald and the Gäu, in the east to
the foothills of the Schurwald and in the south to the Filder plain and
the foothills of the Schönbuch. In the south-east, the Neckar flows in
the districts of Hedelfingen and Obertürkheim from Esslingen am Neckar
into the urban area and leaves it in the district of Mühlhausen in the
north-east.
The urban area extends – unusually for big cities –
over a height difference of almost 350 meters. The altitude ranges from
207 m above sea level. NN at the Neckarschleuse Hofen up to 549 m on the
Bernhartshöhe near the Stuttgart motorway junction. The most striking
elevations include the Birkenkopf (511 m) on the edge of the valley
basin, the Württemberg (411 m) above the Neckar valley and the Grüne
Heiner (395 m) on the northwestern city limits.
The city of Stuttgart is one of 14 regional centers in
Baden-Württemberg. It is the regional center of the Stuttgart region,
which in turn is home to a total of 2.8 million inhabitants (December
31, 2022) with the city of Stuttgart and its five districts.
The
following medium-sized centers are located in the area of the regional
center of Stuttgart (Stuttgart region): Backnang,
Bietigheim-Bissingen/Besigheim, Böblingen/Sindelfingen, Esslingen am
Neckar, Geislingen an der Steige, Göppingen, Herrenberg, Kirchheim unter
Teck, Leonberg, Ludwigsburg/Kornwestheim, Nürtingen, Schorndorf,
Vaihingen an der Enz and Waiblingen/Fellbach.
The city of
Stuttgart acts as a middle center for the cities of
Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Filderstadt - both located in the district
of Esslingen - as well as for the cities of Ditzingen, Gerlingen and
Korntal-Münchingen - all three located in the district of Ludwigsburg.
The city of Stuttgart is the center of the metropolitan region of
Stuttgart and one of the three regional centers within it. The
metropolitan region of Stuttgart is home to a total of 5.5 million
inhabitants.
The following cities and municipalities border on the state capital
Stuttgart. They are named clockwise from the northeast:
Fellbach,
Kernen im Remstal (both in the Rems-Murr district), Esslingen am Neckar,
Ostfildern, Neuhausen auf den Fildern, Filderstadt and
Leinfelden-Echterdingen (all in the Esslingen district), Sindelfingen
and Leonberg (Boeblingen district) as well as Gerlingen, Ditzingen,
Korntal-Münchingen, Möglingen, Kornwestheim and Remseck am Neckar (all
in the district of Ludwigsburg). Thus, four of the five districts of the
Stuttgart region border on the urban district of Stuttgart.
The urban area of the state capital Stuttgart is administratively
divided into 5 “inner” and 18 “outer” city districts. The city districts
have a district advisory board and a district manager, who works only on
an honorary basis in the inner city districts.
The districts are
further divided into districts. The number of districts was increased by
the amendment of the main statute of July 1, 2007 and January 1, 2009.
Since then, the urban area of Stuttgart has consisted of 23 districts
and 152 districts.
Due to the location in the wide Stuttgart basin and the dense
development, the climate is comparatively warm and sometimes humid. The
mountain ranges of the Black Forest, Swabian Jura, Schurwald and the
Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains also shade the entire region from
winds. Because of this, viticulture is possible on the slopes of
Stuttgart. With 423 hectares of vineyards, viticulture in Stuttgart
covers around two percent of the city area.
The mean annual
temperature in Stuttgart is 9.3 degrees Celsius (Schnarenberg weather
station), 10.6 degrees Celsius in the city center and in the Neckar
Valley and 8.5 degrees Celsius in the Filder region near the airport. In
winter, the city center in the valley basin is mostly free of snow and
ice. Strong "perceived" winds are also rare in the city center due to
the dense development. In order to still have enough fresh air in the
boiler despite the recurring inversion weather conditions, many places
on the slopes - especially in Stuttgart-West - are undeveloped and serve
as fresh air aisles. The red and wild boar forest located higher up in
the west also serves as a source of fresh air for the lower-lying inner
city. In order to improve air pollution control and reduce fine dust
levels, a ban on the passage of trucks was issued in 2005, but this was
lifted on March 1, 2008 in connection with the introduction of the Fine
Dust Ordinance. Since March 2010, a new transit ban for trucks has been
in force.
The leeward location of the Stuttgart region is the
reason why it is one of the regions in Germany with little
precipitation. The clouds rain down on the Swabian Jura and the Black
Forest, so that only relatively dry air reaches Stuttgart. At the
beginning of the 20th century, increasing population figures led to a
shortage of drinking water, which led to the first long-distance
pipeline from Donauried over the Alb going into operation in 1917 (state
water supply). In 1959 the Lake Constance water supply followed.
The following nature protection areas are located in the district of
the state capital Stuttgart: According to the protected area statistics
of the Baden-Württemberg State Institute for the Environment,
Measurements and Nature Conservation (LUBW), 1353.19 hectares of the
city area are under nature protection, that is 6.53 percent.
Büsnauer
Wiesental: 27.8 hectares; District of Vaihingen
Oak Grove: 34.2
hectares; Districts of Riedenberg and Sillenbuch
Greutterwald: 151.3
hectares (of which 149.4 hectares in Stuttgart); Districts of
Weilimdorf, Zuffenhausen, Feuerbach and Korntal (district of
Ludwigsburg)
Häslachwald: 53.6 hectares (including 45 hectares in
Stuttgart); Districts of Plieningen and Kemnat (district of Esslingen)
Deer Park near Stuttgart (red and wild boar park): 830.5 hectares;
Districts of Stuttgart and Vaihingen
Lower Feuerbachtal with hillside
forests and surroundings: 47.5 hectares; Districts Mühlhausen and
Zuffenhausen
Weidach and Zettach Forest: 226.0 hectares; Districts
Möhringen and Plieningen
Stuttgart is nationally known for its
Yellow-headed Amazon population, which is the only one in the wild
outside of America.
In 1875, Stuttgart had more than 100,000 inhabitants for the first
time, making it the first major city in what is now the state of
Baden-Württemberg. In 1905 the city had 250,000 inhabitants, by 1950
this number had doubled to 500,000. In 1962, the population reached an
all-time high of 640,560. Measured by the number of inhabitants, the
city is the sixth largest city in Germany and (after Munich and ahead of
Nuremberg) the second largest city in southern Germany. In its own
federal state, Stuttgart is some way ahead of Mannheim and Karlsruhe.
The average age at the end of 2016 was 41.8 years.
According
to the 2011 census, the proportion of the population with a migration
background was 38.6 percent. Stuttgart had the second highest share of
all major German cities – after Frankfurt am Main with 44.2 percent and
ahead of Nuremberg with 36.4 percent. The proportion of foreigners was
25.2 percent in 2016. 44 percent of the residents of Stuttgart had a
migration background.
As of December 31, 2018, the population
register of the city of Stuttgart recorded 614,365 residents with their
main residence and 6,926 citizens with their secondary residence.
A total of 6,534 children were born in 2018 (2017: 6,725); this was
239 births below the peak of 2016. The number of births increased
significantly between 2012 and 2016 and has been falling since then.
The annual number of deaths in Stuttgart has fluctuated between
5,000 and 5,700 for two decades. 5,507 people died in 2017 and 5,471
people in 2018. The number of births exceeded that of deaths by 1,063 in
2018.
In 2017, 420 income millionaires lived in Stuttgart. This
means that there were 12.5 income millionaires for every 10,000
inhabitants. In 2017, the urban district of Stuttgart had the highest
number of millionaires among all urban and rural districts in
Baden-Württemberg.
The average existing rent in Stuttgart at the end of 2017 was EUR
9.92 per square meter and thus above Frankfurt am Main (EUR 8.87) and
below Munich (EUR 10.22). In 2018, the average gross rent including
heating in the Stuttgart district was EUR 11.80 per square meter.
The rent level in the rent index increased by 7.2 percent to EUR
9.60 per square meter between 2016 and 2018. The average asking rent for
apartments on the market rose to EUR 14.15 per square meter in the first
half of 2018. An average of EUR 17 per square meter was asked for
first-time lettings in new buildings, and an average of EUR 13.90 per
square meter for re-letting.
In the period April 2020 and April
2022, the rent index in Stuttgart recorded an increase of 6.8 percent.
In April 2022, the rent index level was 11.04 euros per square meter.
Stuttgart belongs to the Lower Swabian language area, a dialect group spoken in central and south-eastern Baden-Württemberg. Linguistically, Swabian is one of the Alemannic dialects and thus part of Upper German. It has separated itself from the other Alemannic dialects through the complete implementation of the New High German diphthongization.
In the days of the county or duchy of Württemberg, the administration
of the city of Stuttgart was headed by a bailiff. This was installed by
the count or duke in his office and could be dismissed by him at will.
After the administration was divided into a city chief and an official
(for the surrounding area), both authorities were each headed by a city
chief or chief official. From 1811 the leading administrative officer of
the city was given the title of city director.
After the
introduction of the self-government rights of the communities in
Württemberg, which had become a kingdom, in 1819, the towns and
communities were given a certain say in the appointment of the mayor,
who in future was called the mayor, in cities the town mayor. At that
time, Lord Mayor in Württemberg was just a special designation that the
king could bestow. It was not awarded to all mayors in Stuttgart. It was
not until the Württemberg Municipal Code of 1930 came into force that
the title of Lord Mayor was officially introduced for all cities with
more than 20,000 inhabitants.
After 1918, with the dissolution of
the Kingdom of Württemberg, the city lost its importance as a
residential city; it became the capital of the People's State of
Württemberg within the German Empire known as the Weimar Republic.
During the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, Stuttgart was the seat of the
Reich government for a few days.
After the Second World War,
Stuttgart was the capital of the state of Württemberg-Baden and has been
the capital of Baden-Württemberg since 1952.
The first local council elections were held in the American-occupied
zone very soon after the end of the war. In Stuttgart, the election day
was May 26, 1946. Before the end of the two-year electoral term, the
second local council election took place on December 7, 1947, with a
six-year electoral term. From 1947 to 1971, half of the municipal
council (30) was elected every three years (“rolling system of renewal
elections”). The term of office of the municipal councils was six years.
Since 1975, the entire municipal council has been elected for five-year
terms.
The electoral system in Stuttgart is a proportional
representation system in which the voter has very far-reaching influence
on voting by cumulating (accumulation of votes for one candidate up to
three votes) and diversifying (collecting names from different lists).
In total, each voter has as many votes as there are municipal councils
to be elected (60). The Sainte-Laguë method has been used to allocate
seats since 2014. There is no blocking clause.
The city of Stuttgart has a mayor and seven deputy mayors. Both the
mayor and each mayor each head a business group (see also Stuttgart city
administration). The first deputy mayor, Fabian Mayer (CDU), bears the
official title of first mayor and is the permanent and general deputy of
the mayor. The other deputy mayors are: Thomas Fuhrmann (CDU), Clemens
Maier (free voters), Isabel Fezer (FDP), Alexandra Sußmann (Greens),
Peter Pätzold (Greens) and Dirk Thürnau (SPD).
After the Second
World War, the non-party lawyer Arnulf Klett was mayor of Stuttgart from
1945 to 1974, then the lawyer Manfred Rommel (CDU) from 1975 to 1996 and
then the lawyer Wolfgang Schuster (CDU) from 1997 to 2013. On October
21, 2012 the linguist Fritz Kuhn (Greens) was elected mayor. He took
office on January 7, 2013.
On November 29, 2020, the Lord Mayor
of Backnang, Frank Nopper (CDU), was elected the new Lord Mayor of
Stuttgart and carried out the official business from February 4, 2021 to
January 4, 2022 due to complaints filed against the election as Vice
President. In the first ballot on November 8, 2020, none of the
candidates had achieved an absolute majority. Incumbent Kuhn did not
stand for re-election.
In principle, each city district has a district manager who, as the head of administration, runs a district office on a full-time or voluntary basis. An exception are the districts of Birkach and Plieningen, which jointly operate a district office and have a joint district manager. The inner city districts (Stuttgart-Mitte, Stuttgart-Nord, Stuttgart-Ost, Stuttgart-Süd and Stuttgart-West) are each headed by an honorary district manager, the outer city districts each have full-time district managers.
In all 23 city districts there is – in some cases since 1995 – the possibility of forming youth councils. There are currently 12 committees in 15 districts. Project groups exist in districts where too few candidates have registered. All young people between the ages of 14 and 18 who have lived in the city district for at least three months are eligible to vote. The number of seats depends on the population. The term of office is two years, the last elections took place from 13 to 31 January 2020. Each of the youth council committees sends three delegates to the city-wide Stuttgart youth council working group, and each of the active project groups sends one delegate. He elects three equal speakers from among his ranks to represent him, as well as other representatives in various city committees.
The coat of arms of the city of Stuttgart shows a rearing black horse
- the so-called "Stuttgarter Rössle" - in a golden field. The city
colors are black and gold (or yellow). The coat of arms has been in
official use in its present form since April 11, 1938.
The first
surviving image of the Stuttgart city coat of arms comes from the city
seal of 1312. It shows two horses of unequal size (heraldic) striding to
the right in the early and high Gothic triangular shield. In the city
seal of 1433, the shape of the city coat of arms was changed. The coat
of arms shows a (heraldic) horse galloping to the right in a late Gothic
round shield. This form of coat of arms essentially served as the
official coat of arms of the city of Stuttgart until the 19th century.
The depiction of the horse has changed several times over the years. It
was shown walking, running, galloping, jumping, soaring and standing up.
In 1938 the current form prevailed. Originally its basic color was
silver, for the first time gold in 1699 according to a coat of arms.
This color gradually prevailed in the second half of the 19th century,
based on the Württemberg house colors. It is a talking coat of arms,
which means that the original stud farm to which the city is said to go
back is symbolized here.
The sports car manufacturer Porsche –
based in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen – uses the city coat of arms in its
company logo in a slightly modified form. The similarity of the coat of
arms with that of the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari is
coincidental: it goes back to Francesco Baracca, the most successful
Italian fighter pilot in the First World War. He adorned his aviator
with a rearing horse, which he derived from the coat of arms of the
cavalry regiment in which he had previously served, the Reggimento
Piemonte Reale Cavalleria. Baracca's mother suggested that Enzo Ferrari
use the symbol as a good luck charm on his cars. Ferrari put this into
practice from 1932 onwards. He highlighted the black horse with the
yellow coat of arms of his home town of Modena. In this composition, a
coat of arms was created that shows great similarities with that of
Stuttgart.
The flag of the city of Stuttgart shows the city's coat of arms on a black and gold flag track and was awarded on July 10, 1950 by the Württemberg-Baden Council of Ministers. The colors go back to the Württemberg house colors and are derived from those of the coat of arms. In addition to the striped flag, which had been customary since 1841 at the latest, the city administration occasionally used heraldic flags (black horse on a golden field). The striped flag without a coat of arms is intended for the citizenry.
Stuttgart has several stadiums and arenas for top sporting events. The city's most important sports center is located at the Cannstatter Wasen in the Neckarpark. There you will find the MHPArena football stadium and the four multifunctional halls Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, Porsche-Arena, Scharrena and Carl Benz Center. Another large sports area is on the Waldau in Degerloch. In addition to a large number of mass sports facilities, there are the Gazi Stadium on the Waldau and the Waldau Ice Sports Center.
Stuttgart was one of the venues for the soccer World Cup in 1974 and
2006 as well as the track and field venue for the European Championships
in 1986 and the World Championships in 1993.
In addition,
numerous other international sporting events were held in Stuttgart:
1977: World Weightlifting Championship
1983: World Championships in
Formation Dancing
1985: European Men's Basketball Championship Finals
1986: European Athletics Championships
1987: stage finish of the Tour
de France
1989: World Gymnastics Championships
1989: Davis Cup
Finals
1989: Final round of the European Women's Volleyball
Championship
1991: Road Cycling World Championships
1991: European
Wrestling Championships
1992: European Rhythmic Gymnastics
Championships
1992: Table Tennis European Championships
1993:
World Athletics Championships
2006–2008: World Athletics Finals
2007: World Gymnastics Championships
2007: Road Cycling World
Championships
2007: Games of the Handball World Championship
2009:
Table Tennis European Championships
2019: World Gymnastics
Championships
The Mercedes Cup and Porsche Grand Prix tennis
tournaments, the German Masters equestrian tournament, the DTB Cup
gymnastics world cup event, the German Open Championships in dance and
the Stuttgart Run are held every year. A six-day race was held in the
Schleyer Hall every year until 2008.
In addition, Stuttgart has a
long motorsport tradition. The Solitude race for motorcycles and
automobiles near Solitude Castle was first held in 1903 and, as the
Grand Prix of Germany for motorcycles, was part of the motorcycle world
championship several times between 1952 and 1964. The car races were
also extremely high-calibre, especially in the early 1960s, and had the
status of Formula 1 races between 1961 and 1964, but were not part of
the world championship. i.a. greats like Wolfgang Graf Berghe von Trips,
Hans Herrmann, Innes Ireland, Jim Clark, Dan Gurney, John Surtees and
Jack Brabham were at the start. The end of the Solitude race came in the
mid-1960s. With its sharp curves, proximity to spectators and lack of
run-off zones, the Solitude race track was considered too dangerous and
was no longer used after 1965. Today, the Solitude Revival regularly
takes place on the route as a classic car race.
Stuttgart is home to two well-known football clubs. With 80,000
members (as of May 12, 2023), the Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart is one
of the largest sports clubs in Germany. The club has been German
champions five times and German cup winners three times. He plays his
home games in the MHPArena in Neckarpark. The Stuttgarter Kickers, who
also played in the Bundesliga for two seasons in the 1980s and 1990s,
have been playing in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg since 2018/19; their
home games take place in the Gazi Stadium on the Waldau in Degerloch.
Other football clubs that used to be nationally known are Sportfreunde
Stuttgart and FV Zuffenhausen.
TV Bittenfeld has been playing
under the name TVB 1898 Stuttgart in the men's handball Bundesliga since
the 2015/16 season. Home ground is the Porsche Arena. VfL
Pfullingen/Stuttgart played in the Bundesliga from 2001 to 2006, where
they played their home games in the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle. In the
1990/91 season, the SG Stuttgart-Scharnhausen also played in the
Bundesliga.
The women's volleyball team Allianz MTV Stuttgart
(until 2010 Allianz Volley Stuttgart, until 2012 Smart Allianz
Stuttgart) has been playing in the Bundesliga since 2008. She was German
champion in 2019, 2022 and 2023, was runner-up from 2015 to 2018 and
2021 and also won the DVV Cup four times. The game is played in the
Scharrena. CJD Feuerbach became German champion in women's volleyball
three times. The club withdrew its first team from the Bundesliga in
1996 for financial reasons.
In ice hockey, Stuttgart is
represented by the Stuttgart Rebels in the regional league and in the
youth field. The home games are played in the ice sports center Waldau
in Degerloch. In American football, the Stuttgart Scorpions are active
in the German Football League 2. In 2007 they became German Vice
Champion. The Stuttgart Surge team has also been playing in the newly
founded European League of Football since 2021. Both play their games in
the Gazi Stadium on the Waldau. In water polo, SV Cannstatt became
German champion in 2006. In women's tennis, the TC Weissenhof is
four-time German champion and the TEC Waldau German champion in 2006.
The hockey club HTC Stuttgarter Kickers won the German championship in
2005 and the European champions' cup in 2006.
The second largest
traditional sports club is MTV Stuttgart with around 9000 members. In
artistic gymnastics, the women's team became German champions in 2010
and from 2012 to 2022, the men did so in 2014. In the 2005/06 season,
MTV was the last Stuttgart club to be represented with a basketball team
in a professional league before it withdrew from the 2nd Bundesliga
withdrew. The last great success of a basketball team from Stuttgart was
the German championship of BC Stuttgart-Degerloch in 1950.
The
billiard club BC Stuttgart 1891 has been playing in the first snooker
Bundesliga since 2013 and was German champion in 2014 and 2017. In
addition, the club played for several years in the 2nd three-cushion
league and in the 2nd pool billiard league. TSV Weilimdorf became German
champions in futsal in 2019 and 2021.
In table tennis, the DJK
Sportbund Stuttgart is the largest club in Baden-Württemberg and one of
the largest in Germany. Both the first women's team and the first men's
team, whose greatest success was the German runners-up championship in
the 1963/64 season, are currently playing in the 3rd Bundesliga.
The sports clubs in Stuttgart with the most members after VfB Stuttgart
are the Swabian section of the German Alpine Club (DAV) with 36,998
members and the Stuttgart section of the DAV with 29,268 members. In
addition, there is a third section of the DAV in Stuttgart with the
Wroclaw section of the DAV, which was originally founded in Wroclaw in
1877 and has 633 members.
Stuttgart is one of the highest-income and economically most
important cities in Germany and Europe. The residents of Stuttgart are
considered to be wealthy and, with 49,375 euros in 2020, had the second
highest average income of all urban and rural districts in
Baden-Württemberg (only the neighboring district of Böblingen had a
higher average income with 50,244 euros). The purchasing power index for
the city of Stuttgart was 110.4 in 2022 (Baden-Württemberg: 104.1;
Germany: 100). According to the so-called "Salary Report 2023" by the
company Stepstone, employees in Stuttgart earn the most compared to
other major German cities; according to this, the average gross salary
is 54,100 euros, executives earn around 82,800 euros.
In 2016,
Stuttgart had a gross domestic product (GDP) of 51.571 billion euros,
ranking sixth among German cities in terms of economic output. The share
in the economic output of Baden-Württemberg was 11.3 percent. The GDP
per capita in the same year was 82,397 euros (Baden-Württemberg: 43,632
euros, Germany 38,180 euros) and is the eighth highest among all
independent cities in Germany. In 2016, the city's economic output
recorded nominal growth of 1.5 percent. There were about 519,300
employed people in the city in 2016. The unemployment rate in December
2018 was 3.9 percent and thus above the average of Baden-Württemberg at
3.0 percent, but below the German average. Stuttgart is the center of
the Stuttgart metropolitan region, which generated a gross domestic
product of around 226 billion euros in 2014.
With around 1,500 small and medium-sized companies based there, the
Stuttgart region is one of the centers of German medium-sized
businesses. These are primarily suppliers for the large, global
automotive and mechanical engineering companies. Many larger industrial
groups have settled in and around the city, including the Mercedes-Benz
Group, Porsche and Bosch, which have their global headquarters here.
Four DAX companies have their headquarters in Stuttgart. Siemens, Kodak
and Lenovo also have locations here. Due to this economic situation not
only of the city, but of the entire region, it is often colloquially or
jokingly referred to as the Stuttgart bacon belt. According to the GaWC
study in 2016, Stuttgart is one of the cities categorized as "Beta−". In
the so-called "Zukunftsatlas" 2019, the urban district of Stuttgart took
5th place out of 401 districts, municipal associations and independent
cities in Germany and is therefore one of the places with "top future
prospects".
Personalities such as Fritz Leonhardt, Frei Otto and
Jörg Schlaich are examples of important engineers in the city.
Engineering offices such as SBP, Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner and
Knippers Helbig planned buildings such as the Expo axis in Shanghai or
the airport in Shenzhen. Well-known architectural firms include Behnisch
& Partner (Olympic grounds in Munich, Bundestag building) and Behnisch
Architekten (NordLB, Ozeaneum Stralsund).
With the Stuttgart
Stock Exchange, the Stuttgart financial center is the second most
important stock exchange in Germany after Frankfurt. Landesbank
Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) is one of the largest German banks and is
Germany's largest state bank. Its subsidiary BW-Bank is also the savings
bank of the city of Stuttgart. Südwestbank AG, Schwäbische Bank and
Bankhaus Ellwanger & Geiger are privately organized.
With
Württembergische Versicherung, Württembergische Lebensversicherung (both
subsidiaries of Wüstenrot & Württembergische), SV
SparkassenVersicherung, Württembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung and
Allianz Lebensversicherung, several insurance companies have their
headquarters in Stuttgart.
With Wolff & Müller, Züblin and
Gottlob Rommel, three large national construction companies are also
based in Stuttgart. The Stuttgart-based mateco GmbH is a large rental
company for work platforms.
The city of Stuttgart has also been
home to a casino since 1996. It is the third casino in the state of
Baden-Württemberg after Baden-Baden and Konstanz. All three have been
operated since 2003 under the direction of Baden-Württembergische
Spielbanken GmbH & Co. KG based in Baden-Baden.
In 2017 there
were 172 accommodation establishments in Stuttgart with a total of
20,712 beds. In 2017, 3.78 million overnight stays were counted by 2.04
million guests. The occupancy rate in 2017 was 50.5 percent.
With
around 400 hectares of vineyards, Stuttgart is one of the largest
wine-growing communities in Germany, which is unusual for a large city.
The Stuttgarter Mönchhalde in the city center, the Cannstatter Zuckerle
and the locations of Untertürkheim, Rotenberg and Uhlbach are well known
(see the main article about viticulture in Stuttgart). The city of
Stuttgart has its own winery.
In addition to its own power generation in the Münster, Gaisburg and
river hydropower plants on the Neckar, Stuttgart is mainly supplied via
three overhead lines, which lead from the nationally important
TransnetBW substations in Pulverdingen, Wendlingen and Neckarwestheim to
substations in the Stuttgart city area (Weilimdorf, Seewiesen,
Möhringen). Two of the lines date from the 1960s, the third line was
built in 1977 during the construction of the Neckarwestheim nuclear
power plant. They were all designed with an operating voltage of 220 kV.
In the course of the restructuring of EnBW's high-voltage network, they
were converted to 110 kV at the end of the 2000s and a new 380 kV
substation was built in Mühlhausen.
There is a 110 kV line from
the Möhringen substation to the Sindelfingen substation, and there is
another 110 kV substation in Obertürkheim, which historically played an
important role as the starting point for the first Württemberg
high-voltage line. In the Stuttgart city area there are a total of 25
substations of the 110 kV level of EnBW or today Netze BW. In addition,
there are around 1,400 km of 10 kV medium-voltage cables from Stuttgart
Netze, which are almost completely laid underground and connect 7,700
transformer stations. The same applies to all 110 kV lines in the
Stuttgart city area that have not yet been listed.
In 2011, the
municipal council of the state capital of Stuttgart decided to set up
its own, 100 percent municipal utility company. Stadtwerke Stuttgart,
which has been operational since July 2012, is the second large-scale
municipal utility to be established in Germany since the market was
liberalized in 1998. Since February 2013, it has been offering green
electricity and natural gas to all private and commercial customers in
Stuttgart. To an increasing extent, the municipal utilities also operate
their own wind and solar power systems and are contractors for energy
systems for heat and power generation. In October 2014, the Stuttgart
municipal council also decided by majority to award the operation of the
5,000 km long electricity network and the 1,700 km long gas network in
the state capital to a cooperation between Stadtwerke Stuttgart and the
EnBW subsidiary Netze BW, with retrospective effect from January 1, 2014
. The cooperation model received the highest number of points when the
concession for the energy supply networks was awarded over the next 20
years. After a transition phase, the joint venture will initially be
responsible for the electricity network from 2016 and for the gas
network from 2019.
There used to be a lot of medium voltage
overhead lines in the city area too, but these have been replaced by
less fault-prone underground cables. The last above-ground section ran
until 2017 on the Knappenweg in Dachswald over the tracks of the railway
line to Horb.
The electrical railway lines of Deutsche Bahn in
the city area are supplied via the central feed point in Zazenhausen in
the north of the city. For the S-Bahn trains to Bernhausen and
Herrenberg, there is a substation in Rohr, which is supplied by a
railway power line branching off from the Zazenhausen–Eutingen railway
line near Ehningen and mostly runs parallel to the Herrenberg–Stuttgart
railway line. In addition, there are other substations in the
surrounding area, for example in Leonberg or Waiblingen, for the feeds
of other S-Bahn routes.
The Bärensee, the Neue See and the Pfaffensee in the west of the city used to supply Stuttgart with drinking water. Since 1917, Stuttgart has been supplied with drinking water from the Danube valley near Langenau by the state water supply, among other things. The line reaches the eastern part of the city via Göppingen in Rotenberg. Since 1958, drinking water has also come from Lake Constance via the Lake Constance water supply. The feed point is in Rohr in the southwest of the city. Water towers are in Degerloch and on the Gähkopf (Bismarck Tower).
Stuttgart Airport, the largest airport in the state of
Baden-Württemberg, is located on the southern city limits. The area is
mostly in the districts of the towns of Leinfelden-Echterdingen and
Filderstadt.
Since the opening of the new Terminal 3 in March
2004, Stuttgart Airport has a capacity of 12 million passengers. In 2003
around 7.6 million guests flew, in 2004 already 8.8 million; In 2005,
9.5 million passengers flew to and from Stuttgart. 3.2 million
passengers were recorded in 2020, 3.6 in 2021 and 7.0 million in 2022.
The Pattonville airfield, which is used exclusively by sports and
glider pilots, is located on the northern boundary of Stuttgart.
Gliding is possible on the Grüner Heiner in Weilimdorf.
The city is also an important railway hub. From Stuttgart Central
Station there are connections to
Vaihingen/Enz-Pforzheim-Karlsruhe-Strasbourg-Paris (since summer 2007
with TGV connections, see LGV Est européenne), to
Heilbronn-Heidelberg-Mannheim-Frankfurt am
Main-Mainz-Cologne-Düsseldorf-Dortmund /-Hanover-Hamburg/-Berlin, to
Plochingen-Göppingen-Ulm-Munich-Salzburg-Linz-St. Pölten-Vienna
(-Bratislava or -Győr-Budapest), to Memmingen-Kempten
(Allgäu)-Oberstdorf (via Ulm), to Ravensburg-Friedrichshafen-Lindau (via
Ulm), to Freudenstadt/Rottweil (train division in Eutingen im Gäu), to
Horb-Rottweil-Singen am Hohentwiel-Schaffhausen-Zürich, to
Waiblingen-Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental-Ansbach-Nuremberg, to
Rottenburg-Horb and Hechingen-Balingen-Sigmaringen-Aulendorf (via
Plochingen, Reutlingen and Tübingen, train division there).
Ludwigsburg-Heilbronn-Bad Friedrichshall-Würzburg/Mosbach-Neckarelz and
to Schwäbisch Gmünd-Aalen.
The Stuttgart railway hub also
includes the container terminal in Obertürkheim and the Kornwestheim
marshalling yard, which has one of the most modern container terminals
in the DB area. Both terminals belong to the DUSS (German Rail-Road
Handling Company).
In 1991, the ICE high-speed service began on
the Hamburg-Frankfurt am Main-Stuttgart-Munich line. In the course of
this, the new high-speed route from Stuttgart to Mannheim was
inaugurated.
In the course of the controversial Stuttgart 21
project, the Stuttgart railway junction is being fundamentally
reorganized. Among other things, around 60 km of new railway lines and
four new train stations will be created (new main station, airport
long-distance train station, S-Bahn station Mittnachtstraße and the
Untertürkheim siding station). At the same time, the Wendlingen–Ulm
high-speed line was built. In 1997, the Stuttgart municipal council
approved the urban framework plan for the project, and shortly
thereafter the development of the first sub-areas began.
Local public transport (ÖPNV) is served by seven S-Bahn lines of the
DB Regio (see: S-Bahn Stuttgart) and 17 light rail lines (including two
lines on demand), a rack railway line (Zacke), a funicular line and 56
bus lines of the Stuttgarter Straßenbahn AG (SSB ), line 101 of the
Esslingen am Neckar trolleybus (operated by Esslingen am Neckar
municipal transport company) and several bus lines operated by private
transport companies. In addition, some regional train lines take on
local transport tasks within the city (e.g. the "Schusterbahn").
All these means of local transport, including the cog railway and the
funicular, can be used at the same price within the Stuttgart Transport
and Tariff Association (VVS).
When counted on October 21, 2014, around 827,000 road vehicles (up to
3.5 tons) passed the city limits of Stuttgart every day. The number of
vehicles registered in Stuttgart reached a new high of 352,787 at the
end of 2020. In the accident statistics, the number of registered
traffic accidents has increased continuously since 2015 and has reached
26,824 accidents (2017), the highest value since 1979. After an increase
to 73 hours per year, the city is number one among the most congested
conurbations in Germany. The increase in traffic jams by eight and a
half hours compared to 2014 is mainly attributed to the record number of
50,000 more vehicles registered in Stuttgart.
Despite the highest
traffic volume and risk of traffic jams in Germany, Stuttgart has hardly
any opportunities to bypass the city and does not have its own ring road
like many other German cities (see also Northeast Ring Stuttgart), so
that in addition to intensive local traffic, extreme through traffic
burdens the city center in the valley basin. This excessive volume of
traffic causes severe pollution of the air quality and a high volume of
carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the city of Stuttgart
ordered a "particulate matter alarm" several times.
In October
2021, the city council decided on a speed limit of 20 kilometers per
hour within the city ring road. The aim is to make the city center more
attractive for pedestrians and cyclists, from which bars and shops
should also benefit. The new speed limits came into effect in April
2022.
On February 3, 2022, the majority of the Stuttgart
municipal council voted for the state capital to join the “City
Initiative Tempo 30”. Mayor Nopper continues to refuse participation.
For him, the initiative is a "speed limit through the back door" and he
fears a significant impairment of local public transport.
The
city of Stuttgart announced in February 2023 that at the end of 2022 a
total of 348,521 motor vehicles, including 296,872 passenger cars, were
registered at the vehicle registration office. Compared to 2021, the
number of registered motor vehicles fell by 1,772. Both the absolute
number of all passenger cars and the number of cars per inhabitant fell.
The city administration also announced that around 50 percent of new
vehicle registrations are electrically powered. The city of Stuttgart
also announced that in 2022 luxury cars (+3.9 percent to 6,840), SUVs
(+5.8 percent to 26,265) and off-road vehicles (+1.2 percent to 22,203
vehicles) will be the vehicle segments with the highest demand were; the
trend of passenger cars in the “small car”, “compact” and “middle class”
segments is declining sharply.
The A 8 autobahn (Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm-Munich) forms the southern
city limits and the A 81 (Singen-Stuttgart-Heilbronn-Würzburg) passes
west of the city. From the Stuttgart motorway junction, both motorways
run together to the Leonberger Dreieck a few kilometers to the west,
where the A 81 branches off again in a northerly direction. This section
has three to five lanes in each direction with an extremely high volume
of traffic and a significant gradient.
At the Stuttgart-Vaihingen
motorway junction, formerly also known as the Stuttgart-Vaihingen
junction, the straight-ahead A 81 is a short stretch of motorway that
leads as the A 831 to the Stuttgart-Vaihingen exit and further as the B
14 via the Schattenring towards the city centre. This motorway junction
is in the district of Sindelfingen; The former headquarters of IBM
Germany and the highest point in Stuttgart, the Bernhartshöhe, are
located in the forest in the Stuttgart area.
The federal roads B 14 (Stockach-Herrenberg-Stuttgart-Schwäbisch
Hall-Nuremberg-Waidhaus) and B 27
(Blankenburg-Heilbronn-Stuttgart-Tübingen-Lottstetten) run straight
through the city center of Stuttgart, as well as the B 10
(Eppelborn-Pforzheim- Stuttgart-Ulm-Neusäß) and B 295
(Stuttgart-Leonberg-Calw). With the exception of the B 14, they all
converge on the Pragsattel, the largest traffic junction in downtown
Stuttgart.
The B 10 (in the direction of Göppingen/Ulm), the B 14
(in the direction of Schwäbisch Hall), the B 27 (in the direction of
Tübingen) and the B 29 (from Fellbach in the direction of Aalen) are
each built to resemble a motorway and form a star-shaped structure of
expressways around the city .
A total of eleven expressways lead
from the Stuttgart hinterland in the direction of Stuttgart city center.
These are:
A8 towards Karlsruhe
A8 towards Ulm
A81 towards
Heilbronn
A81 towards Singen
B10 towards Vaihingen/Enz
B10
direction Goeppingen
B14 towards Schwäbisch Hall
B27 towards
Ludwigsburg/Bietigheim-Bissingen
B27 towards Tuebingen
B29 towards
Aalen
L 1180 in the direction of Gerlingen/Leonberg
The street names in Stuttgart were fundamentally changed in 1811 and later changed again more often. Older street names are inevitably given in older literature and in old newspapers and magazines.
Development of the exceedance of the particulate matter limit value
at the "Am Neckartor" measuring station (in days per year)
The "Am
Neckartor" measuring station in Stuttgart has the highest number of
exceedances of the daily permitted fine dust limit value in Germany
every year. From 2005 to 2017, the station counted 41 to 187 exceedances
of the PM10 daily limit value each year. In addition, the measuring
station measured the highest nitrogen oxide pollution in Germany over a
period of several years, and the limit value was regularly exceeded
twice in Stuttgart.
This is one of the reasons why an
environmental zone was set up in Stuttgart on March 1, 2008, in which
driving bans apply. In Stuttgart, it is set for the entire urban area
including all 23 districts. As of 2023, only motor vehicles with a green
sticker (pollutant group 4) are allowed to drive and park in the city.
The only exceptions are some road sections, including the A 8 and part
of the A 831, as well as sections of two federal highways.
The
fine dust sticker requirement for motor vehicles has been in effect
since March 1, 2008. Since then, vehicles in the environmental zone have
had to belong to at least pollutant group 2. On July 1, 2010, the
driving ban under the Labeling Ordinance was extended to vehicles in
pollutant group 2 (red sticker). The green sticker has been mandatory
since January 1, 2012 and there is a driving ban for vehicles in
pollutant group 3 (yellow sticker). While the Baden-Württemberg Ministry
of Transport advocates a blue sticker, the Federal Ministry of Transport
rejected it in March 2018.
In January 2016, the city of Stuttgart
introduced the so-called "particulate matter alarm". If the weather was
suitable, citizens were asked not to use their motor vehicles
voluntarily and to leave the comfort stoves switched off. Since then,
the "particulate matter alarm" has been called out every year on certain
days between October and April. During this time there were discounts
for local public transport. After the air values had improved and the
city had been complying with the legal limit values for air pollution
control at all measuring stations since 2018, the last "particulate
matter alarm" ended on April 15, 2020.
However, none of these
measures were sufficient to ensure compliance with the immission limit
values. On July 26, 2017, the Stuttgart Administrative Court therefore
ordered the state of Baden-Württemberg to amend the clean air plan for
Stuttgart in such a way that it contains the necessary measures for
compliance with the limit value for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as quickly as
possible. According to the administrative court, diesel traffic is the
main cause of air pollution with nitrogen dioxide in urban areas,
accounting for around 85 percent. For a noticeable reduction in nitrogen
oxide pollution, a significant reduction in traffic volumes, especially
with regard to diesel vehicles, is necessary. Since there are no equally
suitable, milder measures than driving bans for diesel vehicles, but
alternative means of transport are available, driving bans are
proportionate.
In February 2018, in the so-called diesel
judgment, the Federal Administrative Court largely rejected the jump
appeal against this first-instance court decision of the administrative
court and ruled that cities may in principle order driving bans on
diesel vehicles to keep the air clean. According to a decision by the
Stuttgart Administrative Court of September 21, 2018, the state
government of Baden-Württemberg had to pay a fine of 10,000 euros in
2018 because it refused to implement the driving ban for diesel vehicles
with the Euro 5 standard. On November 12, 2018, the Administrative Court
of Baden-Württemberg (VGH) confirmed the decision of the administrative
court that the city of Stuttgart must immediately start planning driving
bans for vehicles that meet the Euro 5 standard.
Since January 1,
2019, only diesel vehicles with the Euro 5 standard or higher have been
allowed to drive in the entire city area. A three-month transitional
period applied to the residents of Stuttgart. A decision to include
vehicles with petrol engines that do not meet at least the Euro 3
standard failed due to the resistance of the federal government to the
blue sticker. As of January 1, 2020, the diesel driving ban for
individual sections of the route was extended to vehicles that meet the
Euro 5 standard.
On March 31, 1958, the port of Stuttgart was opened by Federal President Theodor Heuss. The four Neckar suburbs of Wangen, Hedelfingen, Obertürkheim and Untertürkheim are located on the Neckar's second largest inland port. After the expansion in 1968, it became the most important trimodal transport hub (water, rail, road) in the Stuttgart region.
Stuttgart is considered an important media city. The director of the
public Südwestrundfunk is based in the Stuttgart broadcasting center.
Two radio programs for Baden-Württemberg are produced there (SWR1 and
SWR4). In addition to current magazines (e.g. sports), the news
broadcasts for the third program and the state show are produced live in
the television studios. The radio programs of the SWR are broadcast from
the Stuttgart television tower and for the city area also from the
Stuttgart broadcasting center, the television programs since the
introduction of DVB-T from the Stuttgart telecommunications tower. With
Regio TV, Stuttgart also has an additional regional television station.
Other audiovisual media (e.g. Antenne 1, bigFM, Die Neue 107.7,
Freies Radio für Stuttgart) are also based in Stuttgart. Their programs
are broadcast from the Stuttgart telecommunications tower and from the
chimney of the Münster power station. Because of the US military
stationed in the Stuttgart region, the AFN is also present. Along with
Karlsruhe, Stuttgart is one of the two locations of the
Baden-Württemberg State Media Center, which is subordinate to the
Baden-Württemberg Ministry for Culture, Youth and Sport.
In
addition, the city is one of the leading locations for specialist
publishers in Germany. Known nationally are Deutscher Sparkassenverlag,
Ernst Klett Verlag, Kohlhammer Verlag, Metzler Verlag, Motor Presse
Stuttgart and Georg Thieme Verlag. With the German Bible Society and the
Catholic Bible Works, by far the largest Bible publishers are based in
Stuttgart.
After all, the Stuttgarter Zeitung, which is
considered one of the largest regional newspapers in Germany, and the
Stuttgarter Nachrichten as well as smaller local editions of other daily
newspapers such as the Cannstatter Zeitung appear here. Among the city
magazines, Lift appears once a month, while Prinz Stuttgart can be
accessed on the Internet and Moritz – Das Stadtmagazin is the city
magazine with the highest circulation in Baden-Württemberg.
Around 11% of all funds for research and development in Germany are spent in Stuttgart. In addition to the two universities (Stuttgart and Hohenheim), there are five institutes of the Fraunhofer Society (the second largest location in Germany), several Max Planck institutes and other facilities in Stuttgart. Large parts of the Stuttgart research landscape have now been concentrated on the research campus in Vaihingen.
Public Universities
The Karlsschule, since December 1781 as
Universität Hohe Karlsschule, was founded in 1770 by Duke Carl Eugen and
was initially located in the ducal Solitude Palace. It served as a
military academy, art academy and later as a general college and was
dissolved in 1794.
University of Stuttgart – founded in 1829,
polytechnic in 1876; 1890 Technical College; since 1967 university
University of Hohenheim – founded in 1818 as a school for agriculture
and forestry; 1847 Academy; 1904 Agricultural College; since 1967
university
Stuttgart University of Music and Performing Arts (HMDK) –
founded in 1857
State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart (ABK) – the
facility goes back to the “Académie des arts” founded in 1761 by Duke
Carl Eugen von Württemberg, which later became the Royal Academy of Fine
Arts and ultimately the current facility.
Stuttgart Media University
(HdM) – founded in 2001 by merging the “Stuttgart University of Applied
Sciences – University of Applied Sciences for Printing and Media – HDM”
with the “Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences – University of
Applied Sciences for Library and Information Science – HBI” (founded in
1942), since 2005 Media University
Stuttgart University of Applied
Sciences (HFT) - founded in 1832 as the "Württembergische
Winterbauschule", later "Königliche Baugewerkeschule", then
"Staatsbauschule Stuttgart", from 1995 Stuttgart University of Applied
Sciences - Hochschule für Technik and since 2005 Stuttgart University of
Applied Sciences
Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University in
Stuttgart (DHBW) – founded in 1974 as a vocational academy
Private colleges
AKAD University Stuttgart – founded in 1959
Free
University of Stuttgart - Seminar for Waldorf Education - founded in
1928
University of Applied Management - founded in 2004 (not head
office)
FOM - University of Economics and Management - founded in
1991 (not head office)
Hamburger Fern-Hochschule - founded in 1997
(not head office)
University of Communication and Design - founded in
2012
Macromedia University – founded in 2006
IB College for Health
and Social Affairs
International School of Management – established
1990 (not headquartered)
IUBH distance learning Stuttgart – founded
in 1998 (not head office)
media Academy – Stuttgart University of
Applied Sciences – founded in 2015
Merz Academy – founded in 1918
SRH Fernhochschule - founded in 1918 (not head office)
Steinbeis
Business Academy – founded in 2001 (not headquartered)
VWA University
- founded in 2013
Non-university research institutes
Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research (MPI-FKF)
Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, formerly Max Planck Institute for
Metals Research (MPI-MF)
Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial
Engineering and Organization (IAO)
Fraunhofer Institute for Building
Physics (IBP)
Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and
Biotechnology (IGB)
Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing
Engineering and Automation (IPA)
Fraunhofer Information Center for
Space and Construction (IRB)
Research Institute for Automotive
Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS)
German Aerospace
Center e. V., Stuttgart location (DLR)
The state capital of Stuttgart
is also a “corporate supporting member” of the Max Planck Society.
More schools
Technical high school in Stuttgart
Volkshochschule Stuttgart – Diverse range of courses in the areas of
politics/society, culture/creativity, health/environment, languages,
professional qualifications, information and communication technology
Business school in Stuttgart
Location of the first Waldorf school
In 1919 the first Waldorf school was founded in Stuttgart by Emil Molt,
the director of the Waldorf-Astoria cigarette factory, and by Rudolf
Steiner on the Uhlandshöhe.
There have been several US barracks in Stuttgart since the end of the
Second World War:
in Vaihingen the Patch Barracks with the United
States European Command (EUCOM)
in Möhringen the Kelley Barracks with
the United States Africa Command (AFRICOM)
in Burgholzhof the
Robinson Barracks and former grenadier barracks
The cavalry barracks
in Cannstatt were built as a dragoon barracks at the beginning of the
20th century over the remains of a Roman fort and were last used by the
US armed forces as Wallace and McGee Barracks. After the release of the
American military areas, military use ended.
The Bundeswehr
maintains the Theodor Heuss barracks (formerly Funkerkaserne) in the
district of Bad Cannstatt. This includes the state command of
Baden-Württemberg and the MAD office 5 as well as numerous smaller
offices.
Other facilities
Stuttgart is the seat of the THW
state association Baden-Württemberg of the Federal Agency for Technical
Relief. There is also an office for the social insurance for
agriculture, forestry and horticulture (SVLFG).
The Evangelical Home for the Elderly Foundation has existed since 1874. The Association for the Physically Disabled Stuttgart takes care of the integration of physically disabled people into everyday life with events, day care centers and a transport service for the disabled.
The city of Stuttgart is one of the safest cities in Germany.
The police headquarters in Stuttgart registered 51,722 crimes in 2022.
The number of crimes increased by 22 percent compared to 2021. The
clearance rate was 65.6 percent in 2022 (33,916 cases).
After the
riots and looting in Stuttgart in 2020 (so-called "riot night"), the
cooperation between the city of Stuttgart, the state of
Baden-Württemberg and the police headquarters in Stuttgart was further
developed. In addition, the Ministry of the Interior, for Digitization
and Municipalities of Baden-Württemberg and the City of Stuttgart agreed
on a security partnership. Among other things, measures such as
increasing the police presence in the city center, a lighting concept
for the upper castle garden and video surveillance for certain areas of
the city center were examined. As of February 1, 2023, no-gun zones were
ordered in the city center, which are limited in terms of location and
time. The aim of this ban is to increase objective and subjective
safety. Since February 1, 2023, the no-gun zones have applied on
Fridays, Saturdays and days before public holidays from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.
Violations are subject to fines. The weapon and knife ban zone ordinance
of the city of Stuttgart applies until February 2, 2025. Since the
summer of 2022, parts of the city center have been video-monitored by 30
cameras operated by the city of Stuttgart and the state of
Baden-Württemberg. Video surveillance is limited to Fridays, Saturdays
and the nights before public holidays from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. In May 2023,
the municipal council of the city of Stuttgart decided to extend the
video surveillance.