Budaörs (German: Wudersch, Croatian: Jerša, Erša, Vundeš) is a town in the Budapest agglomeration, Pest county, Budakeszi district, its most populous settlement.
Location
Located in the Budapest agglomeration, Budapest XI.
west of its district. The common section of the M1 and M7 motorways
runs south of the settlement. Thus, it can rightly be the western
gate of Budapest. The main road 1 passes through the city.
The city is located between the Buda Hills - Frank Hill group, the
Csíki Mountains and the Tétény Plateau, in the so-called Budaörs
Basin.
Budaörs (Örs) probably got its name from a
confusing tribe called Örs. It was first mentioned in a diploma in
1236 as Ewrs and in 1282 as Kechkevvrs. Örs was a famous
wine-growing village next to the road to Fehérvár. Its church, named
after St. Martin, was the chapel of the Church of St. Gellert in
Kelenföld.
In 1236 IV. King Bela gave both of his favors to
the Cistercian abbey of Bélakút in Szerém County. At the time of the
census in 1332, it was listed as a church under the archbishop, and
at that time his priest paid 2.6 papal tithes.
On October 23,
1921, the IV. The train carrying King Charles of Hungary and his
troops was arrested by the governor's troops on the outskirts of the
settlement during the second legitimate coup. The forces opposed to
the legitimates were mainly made up of university students from
Budapest, who were hastily gathered on the evening of the 22nd,
organized by Gyula Gömbös. For Gömbös, this was a desperate move, as
it turned out that he could not count on the time-consuming army or
the various paramilitary organizations, and even in MOVE he failed.
The college students did not have any experienced officers, so they
tried to organize their ranks themselves. The first clash took place
at dawn on October 23, when Ostenburg-Moravek troops collided with
an 80-man medical student outpost at Törökugrató, who started firing
at the approaching train. Soldiers sent off the train occupied the
heights, and several people died or were injured in the clash. But
even so much bloodshed was enough to stop the royal troops, whose
leader did not know that only a few hundred untrained university
students were facing them. Thus they stopped advancing and awaited
the instructions of King Charles. However, Charles himself did not
want bloodshed, so he did nothing but wait and listen to Mass at
Bicske. Legitimate forces eventually failed.
In 1935, Budaörs
Airport, the first civil airport in the capital area, was opened on
the border of Budaörs.
Between the two world wars, Budaörs
became famous for growing peaches, an activity that provided a nice
income for its inhabitants. Next to the Budaörs railway station, a
cold store designed by architect Károly Möller was built in 1937 by
József Lenz, commercial adviser, landowner in Nyékládháza, a fruit
wholesaler, who was popular for his great generosity and successful
activities. It is thanks to him that peaches are grown and traded in
Budaörs, and they have been transported from the cold store to
Austria and all over the world. On one of the walls of the cold
store overlooking the city is a Madonna with a fruit wreath, one of
József Lenz's favorite religious symbols, which has survived on the
facades of his former houses in Budapest to this day. On November
26, 2013, the anonymous square next to the Budaörs railway station
was officially named “Lenz József tér”; With this, József Lenz
became the first Hungarian-Colombian-Venezuelan commercial councilor
in whose honor a public space was named in Hungary.
After the
expulsion of the Turks, the owners of the area in 1721 and 1739
called the Swabian farmers to settle the Zichy counts. The
Zichy-Major in Budaörs was built in 1720 as the economic center of
the Count Bercsényi-Zichy Castle, not far south of the Zichy Castle
in the first half of the 18th century (part of today's Clementis
Street). It housed professionals working for the manor, a cooper, a
bognar and others, as well as a store for agricultural products
produced on the manor. Its building block can be clearly seen on the
maps created in the middle of the 18th century. Today, some have
apartments, others have the headquarters of the Budaörs Artists'
Association. Fine art camps for children are organized in the Zichy
major, and regular exhibitions are held in the new Cellar Gallery.
The life of the Germans, who became native to Budaörs in almost
200 years, it has unfortunately changed radically as a result of
World War II. On January 19, 1946, the train trains deporting the
Germans from Hungary were the first to leave here, from Budaörs.
(Therefore, January 19 is the day of remembrance of about 185,000
Germans deported from Hungary.) As a result of the deportations of
1946-1947 and the escape from the war of 1944, the population of
Budaörs lost 85%.
In 1963, due to the construction of the motorway, the section of
the Törökbálint HÉV beyond Budaörs, built in 1914, was terminated.
The terminus of tram 41, which started on a shorter section, moved
further away from the densely populated part of Budaörs, on the
south side of the motorway. In 1977, the tram line was further
shortened: since then, Kamaraerdő is the outer terminus, the section
outside the capital has been demolished. The tunnel under railway
line 1 has survived, today it is a road and pedestrian underpass.
From 1964, after the handover of the common section of the M7
motorway and then from 1977-78, the city was divided into two parts.
In 1986, the settlement was declared a city. In 2009, Budaörs
was the richest settlement in Hungary.
The first mayor of
Budaörs after the change of regime was dr. István Csathó was
elected, but he resigned shortly afterwards. The first man in the
city since then (from February 1991 to the present day) is Tamás
Wittinghoff, who graduated as a civil engineer.
In the 1994
municipal elections, Tamás Wittinghoff received the most votes
(1,792; 31.24%) of the mayoral candidates, thus winning the position
of mayor.
In the 1998 municipal elections, Tamás Wittinghoff
was again elected mayor with 56.40% of the vote (4,426 votes). In
the 17-member representative body, the SZDSZ-MSZP party alliance
became a relative majority with 7 members, followed by the
Fidesz-MDF with 4 members.
In the 2002 municipal elections,
Tamás Wittinghoff repeated his victory; He was re-elected mayor with
6,078 votes (55.13%). The absolute majority of the members of the
SZDSZ-MSZP (9 people) were now members of the representative body.
In the 2006 municipal elections, Tamás Wittinghoff won the title
of mayor this time with 58.14% of the vote (6,868 people). Both the
Fidesz-KDNP and the SZDSZ-MSZP were represented in the
representative body of 23 people by 10-10 people.
In the 2010
municipal elections, Tamás Wittinghoff won 60.26% of the votes
(7,283). Representatives of the Fidesz-KDNP were able to take the
most seats in the Board of Representatives (14 people) (8 people),
the candidates of the Association for the Development of Budaörs won
4 seats; in the remaining two places, one candidate from the MSZP
and one from Jobbik could share.
In the 2014 municipal
elections, Tamás Wittinghoff again won the office of mayor, gaining
69.31% of the vote (8029 votes). In the Board of Representatives,
the BFE candidates were in the absolute majority (10 people),
winning all individual constituencies.
In the 2019 municipal
elections, Tamás Wittinghoff was able to start his 7th term as mayor
with 71.65% of the vote. In the Board of Representatives (14
people), the BFE candidates repeated their 2014 results; With 10
people, winning 10 of the 10 individual constituencies, they gained
an absolute majority on the board.