The town of Kiskunfélegyháza (German: Feulegaß, Yiddish: פֿיילעדאַז) is located in Bisk-Kiskun County, in the middle of the sand ridge between the Danube and the Tisza, in Kiskunság, the center of the Kiskunfélegyháza district. According to the resident population, it is the third largest settlement in the county. It is also called the town of Petofi and Mora. On February 4, 1774, he received the rank of a market town.
Location
The central town of Bács-Kiskun County is located
between the Danube and the Tisza.
Significant transport hub:
the city is crossed by the main road No. 5, the M5 motorway; the
main road 451 starts from the city to Szentes. This is where the
4625 road from Szolnok, touching Tiszakécske and Tiszaalpár, and the
4614 road from Nagykőrös to this end (the latter, in its current
state, functions only as an agricultural road in most of its
sections).
The city's railway traffic is also outstanding: it
is located on the Budapest-Szeged railway line, but there are also
direct trains to Kiskunhalas, Szentes, and through Lakitelek to
Szolnok. Kiskunfélegyháza is an optimal accommodation for hikers, as
Bugac, the famous spa of Kiskunmajsa, the Tőserdő and Tősfürdő,
Ópusztaszer and the Kiskunság National Park are nearby.
Kiskunfélegyháza is located less than 100 km from Budapest by road,
which is only an hour's journey thanks to the motorway.
History
Prehistory during migration
The settlement is located
on Pleistocene sediments. The oldest museum values were found in
the quicksand layer from the Pleistocene end. Traces of primitive
animals and plants have been observed in the wake of Gyula Szalay:
spruce, ancient moss and bones. All this testifies to a former
tundra-like climate.
There is no material memory of man's
appearance. There are only relics from the Neolithic, but the human
presence can be guessed from the excavations in Csongrád county.
There is only one Neolithic (or rather Bronze Age) monument, an ax
head unearthed in 1973, which is preserved in the Kiskun Museum. The
processing of the further archaeological material collection was
hindered by the fact that no archaeologist had worked in the museum
for years, the exact location of the finds remained unknown. The
area belonged to the Sarmatians until the 5th century, and in the
middle of the century it came into the possession of the Huns and
then the Scythians living under the rule of the Huns. Traces of the
Scythians are preserved in the photographic documentation of a 1901
find, which was destroyed in the City Museum in Kecskemét during the
First World War. The Avars are shown in Figures 6-7. In the 16th
century, smaller settlements were established in the area. Several
Avar tombs have been unearthed.
Conquest, Árpádian era
There are scattered relics from the time of the conquest. The wearer
of a tarso plate unearthed during a 1970 excavation (led by Elvira
H. Tóth) took part in the 924 adventure.
The first Christian
church was built by order of King Stephen, which is now hidden in
the Church Hill. Excavations have been taking place in the area
since the summer of 2008. In addition to the abundance of
memorabilia and details of the old burial site, the trail of the
south wall of the church also appeared. After the excavations were
completed, a memorial park was established.
A kunok IV. They
arrived in the area during the time of Bela, first in 1239 and then
in 1246. The settlements of the Cumans affected Félegyháza.
From the Anjou era to 1727
The Anjou era was a period of
feudalization of the Cumans. The process accelerated during the
reign of Sigismund. A documentary memorial first mentions Félegyháza
in the form of Feleghaz in 1389: the document forbids the nobles of
Seri to collect customs duties from merchant citizens passing
through Szeged, Félegyháza. Thus, Félegyháza lay along the trade
route to Buda. However, it is not known if it was a market town and
when it became part of the 17th century Kiskunság. (The name
Kiskunság did not exist before the 16th century.) Poor Anjou and
Sigismund finds were found in the Templomhalom (excavation was led
by Alajos Bálint, director of the Ferenc Móra Museum in Szeged). It
is interesting that a form of burial for the Kun population has not
been found.
After the battle of Mohács, the Turks completely
destroyed Félegyháza. After the siege of Buda, Suleiman burned it
together with several other cities of the Great Plain, according to
the records of the Kálpasazáde, on September 27, 1526. According to
the record, the cities “Feleghasz”, “Kamika”, “Perlek”, “Kecskeme”,
“Pesher” tried to resist with guns. The area is depopulated.
In 1699, Lipót I pledged Jászkunság (the summary name of Kiskunság,
Nagykunság and Jászság in the former documents). The area of
Félegyháza is still uninhabited at that time. After the Rákóczi
War of Independence, the German Order of Knights was able to hold
Jászkunság as a temporary lien. In 1731 the area was abandoned, the
jurisdiction passed to the House of the Disabled in Pest.
18-19th century
Resettlement probably began as early as 1727. The
call for settlement took place in 1743, issued by György
Podharadszki, the appointed administrator of the Jászkun district.
The letter of the settlers of Jászfényszarus has survived.
In 1745, Maria Theresa authorized the redemption of previously
illegally sold territories. It confirmed the old privileges of the
Jász and Kunas, exempting them from serf duties. Therefore, they had
to pay a pledge of HUF 573,000 for the leave. The redemption amount
of the redeemed areas: HUF 12,100 for the land of Félegyháza, HUF
7,000 for Ferencszállás steppe, HUF 5,000 for half Galambos steppe,
HUF 2,750 for half Kisszállás steppe, HUF 2,000 for Félegyháza
restaurant, a total of HUF 28,850. This amount has not been paid
when In 1753 Csólyospuszta was redeemed for HUF 6,000, and in 1758
the other half of Galambos was redeemed for HUF 5,000. The city’s
border has thus grown to 58,000 cadastral moons.
In 1774,
Kiskunfélegyháza received the rank of a market town from Mária
Terézia, which allowed the holding of 4 national fairs a year. By
this time the baroque church of the town had been built, the stones
of which were built from the stones of the church of the old
Félegyháza destroyed by the Turks.
The semi-church was raised
above the other Kiskun settlements by trade. In Kiskunfélegyháza,
the Greeks were the first merchants to bring with them the once
famous traditions of the Eastern Levantine trade, and the city was
included in the procession area of the Hanseatic cities. The main
occupation of the settlers of Félegyháza was agriculture. The city
status and the right to hold fairs promoted as the development of
certain industries (blacksmith, wheelwright, Szíjjártó, furriers,
etc.), And after the Compromise boom created a relatively affluent
live layer, but agriculture remains monocultural nature. The city's
industry began to develop at the end of the 19th century (mill
industry) and then continued from the 1950s (chemical machinery
factory, plastic factory, shoe factory).
In the 19th century,
public buildings indicated the novel needs of the bourgeoisie: the
first, classicist town hall, which was demolished during its new
construction, the also classicist Swan House, in which Sándor
Petőfi's father rented a butcher's chair, the old Duttyán inn. In
the second half of the century, the houses in Budapest were already
flourishing in architectural styles: the Neo-Renaissance St.
Stephen's Church, the Klazsik House, the romantic Raven House, the
eclectic Kalmar Chapel, which was built as a foundation church. At
the end of the century, art patronage was also significant, the
Kalmár family had a private chapel built, and the young painters
sponsored by them could even travel to Paris, so László Holló. At
the turn of the century, the new town hall was built in the Art
Nouveau style, and there were plenty of civic residential houses,
and the street plan of today's Félegyháza was formed.