Salgótarján (Slovak: Šalgov-Tarjany / Šalgotarján, German:
Schalgotarjan / Schalgau, based on its former names: Tarján and a
little later Salgó, according to the former spelling: Salgó –
Tarján) is a county town in Northern Hungary. It is the seat and
largest city of Nógrád county, the second smallest county seat in
Hungary after Szekszárd in terms of population. It is even the seat
of the Salgótarján district.
The name Salgótarján was derived
from the composition of the names Salgó and Tarján. Salgó refers to
the nearby Salgó Castle, a name derived from the adjective salgó
(bright, bright). Tarján was the name of one of the conquering
Hungarian tribes, a word of ancient Turkish origin, meaning prince,
viceroy.
Salgótarján has 16 districts. Of these, 5 are former
villages that have been attached to the city. Somoskőújfalu belonged
to these districts until 2006. In Salgótarján, the districts have 4
larger and 1 smaller housing estates, the majority of which are
multi-storey towers or high-rise terraced houses made of
prefabricated panel elements or concrete.
Baglyasalja/ Owl
Baglyasaljais a small settlement that also existed in the Middle
Ages, which was located under the castle, in the northern part
towards Salgótarján and in the Turkish world, the inhabitants of the
refugees to the present place of the village. Above it rose Owl/
Baglyasalja Castle, otherwise known as "Stone Castle" or "Owl
Castle". Hence its name (Bagolykőváralja, Baglyos, Baglyasalja). The
castle here was first mentioned in a charter in 1310.
Salgóbánya
It is the highest part of Salgótarján, as it is
located on a plateau 2 km long at an altitude of 500 meters above
sea level. Salgóbánya was also a very small settlement in the Middle
Ages, more of a farm.
Somoskő
On a 526-meter-high hill
above the settlement, the castle, already in Slovakia, was built by
members of the Elijah branch of the Kacsic family in the second half
of the 13th century. As the members of the family supported Máté
Csák against King Károly Róbert after the extinction of the Árpád
House, the king confiscated their estates after the death of Máté
Csák and gave them to Ispán Tamás Szécsényi. In 1593 it was
recaptured by the Hungarians under the leadership of Bálint
Prépostváry, including Bálint Balassi. In the 17th century, the
castle was taken over by the Forgách family through marriage. At the
end of the Rákóczi War of Independence, its walls were damaged by
royal command.
In 1910, the village had 499
Hungarian-speaking inhabitants. It was attached to Salgótarján in
1977.
Zagyvapálfalva
Under this name, the Minister of the
Interior united the villages of Andrásfalva and Pálfalva on January
1, 1910, and thus became administratively one municipality. It has
218 houses and 3,499 Roman Catholics. His post office, telegraph and
train station were in place. According to the 1548 tax census, János
Lotho was the landlord of Andrásfalva. Subsequent censuses lack the
village, and even the 1705–1720. does not occur in the census of.
Zagyvaróona
The castle of Zagyvafő once stood on the
423-meter-high Castle Hill at the northern end of the settlement,
built at the end of the 13th century by the Zagyvafő family of the
Kacsics family, whose seeds were torn in the 1920s. hevert. In the
1440s, the area was seized by Czech Hussite mercenaries, who rebuilt
the castle.
Kemerovó-lakótelep/ Kemerovo housing estate
It was built in the 1960s on the tailings dump of the József
shaft according to the plans of the Nógrád County State Construction
Company (NÁÉV). It consists of two parts: The so-called From the
“Grand Boulevard” and the so-called "From a small circle". The
latter is a smaller extension of the housing estate to the north.
The housing estate got its name from the Russian city of Kemerovo,
with which it maintained a twinning relationship with Salgótarján.
In return, one of Kemerovo's housing estates was named after
Salgótarján.
Gorkij-lakótelep/ Gorky housing estate
The
Gorky housing estate was started to be built around the 1960s and
1970s on the western edge of Zagyvapálfalva on a hillside parallel
to the 21st main road. The housing estate is located in the triangle
of the Pálfalva-patak-Bányagépgyár-21 main road. It is named after
Russian playwright Maxim Gorky.
Beszterce-lakótelep/ Bistrița
housing estate
It is the largest and most populous of the city's housing
estates. In the northern part of the city, the main road 21 was
built in parallel according to the plans of the Nógrád County State
Construction Company (NÁÉV).
Geography, climate
Location, geographical location
Salgótarján lies at the
confluence of the Karancs, Medves and Cserhát mountains, in two
narrow valleys of the Tarján stream and the Zagyva catchment, which
form a “Y” shape. The valley is divided into smaller valley basins,
where the parts of the city are located (for example: Baglyasalja,
Zagyvapálfalva). The transport backbone of the city is the main road
21 (which is only 2 × 2 lanes to the city) running from south to
north in the valley of the Tarján stream, and the Hatvan –
Somoskőújfalu railway line. The valley bottoms of the city center
are located at 230-240 meters and other residential areas at 220-500
meters. The highest inhabited area of the city is Salgóbánya, 500
meters high.
The highest mountain near the settlement is
Karancs, which rises to a height of 729 meters.
The typical
soil types in and around the county are brown forest soil and pale
forest soil, as well as crushed sandstone. Due to the Zagyva valley,
the so-called Meadow soils, which are also excellent for smaller
cultivations. These can be mainly berries. e.g. grapes,
strawberries, strawberries, blackberries.
Climate,
hydrography
Climate
The climate of the Karancs-Medves
mountains is characterized by continentality. The impact of
Atlantic, continental and Mediterranean climate elements is felt
here. In the mild, rainy, moderate summer, in the regular rainfall
distribution, the Atlantic effect; in the cold winter, the early
summer precipitation peak is continental; in dry, hot summers, in
autumn-winter rains, the effects of Mediterranean air masses are
manifested. The average annual temperature is 1-2 ° C below the
national average of 10 ° C. The annual precipitation in the Karancs
region is 550–600 mm, and in the western slopes of the Karancs and
higher mountains 650–700 mm. The predominant winds in the
countryside are northwest, and the northeast is common on the
eastern slopes. The average number of hours of sunshine per year is
1859.