Marijampolė is a city in southwestern Lithuania, 56 km southwest
of Kaunas. The unofficial capital of Suvalkija (Sūduva), as well as
the center of Marijampole county, Marijampole municipality and rural
district. It is the seventh largest city in Lithuania.
In the
center of the city - Jonas Basanavičius Square, in Degučiai - the
county hospital. There are two foster homes in the city (St. Michael
the Archangel and St. Mary), 3 post offices (central LT-68001).
There are several churches in Marijampolė: Marijampolė St. the small
basilica of Michael the Archangel, next to it - St. George (Marian)
Monastery, Marijampole St. St. Vincent Paul's Church (end of the 19th
century), belonging to Vilkaviškis Diocese, Marijampole Evangelical
Lutheran Church, Marijampole Orthodox St. Trinity Church, which belongs
to Marijampole St. Trinity Parish. P. Butlerienė st. the former Jewish
prayer house stands - Marijampolė Synagogue, Kauno str. - Great
Synagogue of Marijampole. in 2014 The Church of Blessed Pope John Paul
II in Marijampolė was built.
In the old city cemetery, there is a
tombstone to the writer Žemaita, R. Juknevičiis and other people who
have served Lithuania. Vytauta st. there is a monument to Ldk Vyteniis
(it stood between the wars, rebuilt on March 7, 2009, sculptor Julius
Narušis), and there are several other monuments in the city park. in
2010 in the main town square, a monument was built to commemorate the
Lithuanian language, the nation and the millennium of the mention of the
name of Lithuania (sculptor Kęstutis Balčiūnas).
Marijampolė,
Vytauto st. the "Tauro" district partisans and exile museum operates, on
the other side of Vytautas street, in the city park, there is a monument
to the "Tauro" district partisans by the sculptor A. V. Ambraziūnas. In
the central part of the city there is a Culture Center, it houses the
Stankūnienė art gallery. One of the city's parks - Pašešupis Park - is a
natural heritage object. The only cinema "Spindulys" operates in the
city.
The first name of the settlement was a water-based place name -
Pašešupys (according to the Šešupe river that flows here), mentioned
since the 17th century. 2nd half. Later, in the 18th century In the 1st
half, it was renamed Starapole - the place name comes from common words
(stara - "old" + pole - "field") and has been found since 1736. like
Starepol.
Later on, the appearance and growth of the town was
significantly influenced by the Marians, which is why the settlement was
named in their honor (with the addition of -polė). Since n before p in
the Lithuanian language regularly turns into a labial m, Marijanpolė
became Marijampole. However, sandas -pole is not unambiguously
interpreted: it could be of Greek origin (Greek polis - "city, castle"),
since it was fashionable in Europe for a long time to create place names
based on ancient examples (usually - manors, palivarks, etc.). Pole, on
the other hand, means "field" in Slavic. However, the real one will
probably be the earlier version, since it is a personal place name (the
Slavic ending -pole is more characteristic of oronomis derived from
common words), although the earlier name of the settlement, Starapolė,
comes from common words. As in the case of Budapest, a river (in this
case the Jevonis) separated Starapole and Marijampole as two separate
settlements, which eventually merged. Vincas Kudirka 19th century at the
end of his writings, he mentions the city as Senapile (cf. the current
town of Kudirka is called Naupile). 20th century between the wars, the
normative gender was Mariampole.
in 1955 April 9 Marijampolė was
renamed Kapsuk in honor of the Lithuanian communist figure Vincas
Mickevičius-Kapsukas (the latter means "young Kapsas"; Vincas
Mickevičius explained it like this: "if Vincas Kudirka-Kapsas, then I'm
just Kapsukas"). in 1989 March 21 By decree of the presidium of the LSSR
AT, the name of Marijampole was returned to the city, based on the
results of the residents' referendum.
The coat of arms of Marijampole depicts Saint George slaying a dragon. The historical coat of arms, granted together with the rights of the city in 1792, was restored on December 18, 1997.
The city's surroundings were inhabited by the Jotving tribe until the
end of the Middle Ages. They are remembered by the ruined Marijampolė
mound in Šešupė and the Kumelioni mound standing next to Marijampole. It
is believed that until the 16th century on the site of the current city,
there were forests into which colonists began to move only in the 16th
century. The colonization could have been accelerated by the Russian
invasion of Lithuania in 1655, as refugees from the Russians sought
shelter in the forests of Sūduva.
It is common to believe that
Marijampole was founded in 1667. (based on the "History of Sūduva
Suvalkijas" by the historian and priest Jonas Totoraitis; the village is
mentioned in the Kaunas location tax list). It originates from the
village of Pašešupis, which was on the site of the current J.
Basanavičius square and belonged to the Prienai ward. However, in 1662
records indicate that in 1659-1661 taxes were paid for military affairs
from Adam Narbut, the keeper of Pašešupis estate, and his wife. In
addition, documents were found as early as 1626. mentioning Pašešupis
village.
During the Northern War in 1701 The surroundings of
Marijampole were devastated, and after the destruction of Prienai
Castle, the family of Count G. Butler moved to a more remote place near
Šešupė, which in 1717 near the village he founded the Kvieatienis manor
and became the initiator of the establishment of the town. The elder of
Prienai did not like the name Pašešupis, so he renamed it Starapole
(mentioned since 1736). While Starapole was being created, another town
began to grow nearby (from 1756 it was mentioned as Marijampolė), which
was founded by Countess Pranciška Ščiukaitė-Butlerienė after building
the church. 1750 Prienai elder Countess P. Butlerienė prepared a priest
for Starapolei from the Marian monastery and built a monastery with a
church between the rivers Šešupė and Jevonis. 18th century church
village grew into a trading town.
After the construction of the
Marian monastery, the town was named Marijampole, which has been
mentioned since 1756. The manor and the village merged in 1792. February
23 The ruler of ATR, Stanislaus Augustas Poniatovskis, granted Magdeburg
the privilege and coat of arms of self-government rights. in 1812
December 5 Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte passed through Marijampolė on his
way back to Warsaw. in 1829 the construction of the Petersburg-Warsaw
highway (with a branch to Karaliaučiai) was completed. in 1831 during
the uprising in 1831 April 22 the battle of Marijampole took place. in
1863 during the uprising, there were fierce battles between the reapers
and the tsar's army near Marijampolė. 19th century at the end of
Marijampolė - a city, the center of Marijampolė district of Suwalki
Governorate.
Marijampolė is famous for its hundred-year-old
gymnasium, where Jonas Basanavičius and Vincas Kudirka, the initiators
of the national revival, studied. During the period of ban on the
Lithuanian press, the distributors of "Varpo" were active, gathered in
the secret organization "Sietynos". 1918-1925 Marijampolė's real
gymnasium was active, famous for the ideas of liberalism and
free-spiritedness. Marijampolė has been an educational center since
ancient times, in the interwar period there were several publishing
houses run by Marion monks.
The Kazlų Rūda–Šeštokai railway was
built between the wars, 1926. the Marijampolė railway station was built
(architect Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas). in 1931 AB Lietuvos cukrus built a
sugar factory in Marijampole, which was the main object of the industry
for a long time. in 1936 "Šešupė" weaving factory was established.
1940-1941 the Soviet authorities deported several hundred residents
of Marijampole county. In the first days of the Second World War, the
city was bombed, the Germans shot Jews near Šešupė. in 1944 May 15 The
SS disbanded the disobedient unit of General Povilas Plechavičius' local
national team - 2 thousand. military school cadets.
After the
return to the front, the counter-intelligence of the USSR army "SMERŠ"
repressed about 500 people in Marijampole. After the war, partisan
"Tauro" district units operated in the vicinity. During the Soviet era,
the city was industrialized and grew significantly, it was renamed
Kapsuk in honor of the leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine Vincas
Kapsuk, in order to eliminate the religious connotation in the name of
the city.
in 1946 August 3 became a city under the county. During
the Soviet era, a large industrial automaton manufacturing association,
a fluffy yarn factory, a milk canning plant, a car repair plant, a grain
products plant, and an agro-commercial Soviet farm-technical school were
built. The Degučių, Mokolų and Draugystė microdistricts, recreation
park, 10-story hotel "Sūduva" (architect Aldona Kačerauskaitė),
department store "Gulbė" (architect A. Kačerauskaitė), new post office
(architect J. Putna), local history museum were built.
in 1977
March 30 the city became a city under republican (no longer regional)
control. in 1997 December 18 the new coat of arms of Marijampole has
been approved.
Marijampolė is located on an area of 2050.7 hectares. Šešupė divides the city into two parts, which are connected by 6 bridges. Most of the city is on the right bank of the river. Distance from Vilnius - 139 km, from Klaipėda - 236 km. In the city until 2023. there were 3 wards: Degučiai ward, Mokolė ward, Narto ward. in 2023 August 1 a new municipality of Marijampolė city was established.
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Barracks
Wheat
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Students
Skating
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Chastity
Steponiškės
Spaces
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The following state educational institutions operate in Marijampolė:
John's Gymnasium of Rygiškii
Marijampole Marian High School
Marijampolė Sūduva Gymnasium
St. Marijampole Cecilia High School
Marijampolė Jonas Totoraitis secondary school
6 main schools:
Marijampolė Petro Armin Primary School
Marijampole Ryto Primary
School
Rimantas Stankevičius Primary School in Marijampolė
Marijampole Šaltinii primary school
Others:
College of
Marijampole
Marijampolė adult education center
Youth school
Marijampole vocational training center
2 primary schools:
Marijampoles and "Smalsutis"
5 kindergartens-schools: Degučių,
Mokolų, "Varpelis", "Želmenėliai", "Žiburėlis"
7 preschool
institutions,
5 additional educational institutions
R. Vosylienė
school (foreign languages).
Marijampolė Petros Kriaučiūnas Public
Library
Football
"Sūduva" of Marijampole
Marijampole football stadium
and arena
Other football clubs: football clubs in Marijampole
Basketball
MKK "Sūduva", women's basketball club
KK
"Sūduva-Mantinga", men's basketball club
Julijs Trapas (1814–1908) - Russian chemist, pharmacist,
pharmacologist, professor.
Samuel Peltins (1830–1896) is an editor
and journalist of Jewish origin.
Stanislovas Čirvinskis (1849–1923) –
doctor, pharmacologist.
Orko Soloveičikas (1865–1942) is a surgeon of
Jewish origin.
Frida Rubiner (1879–1952) is a German communist of
Jewish origin, writer, translator.
Vitoldas Teofilis Staniškis
(1880–1941) – Polish agrotechnician, politician.
Piotr Zubovičius
(1880–1956) is a Polish lawyer, notary, and politician.
Petronėlė
Vosyliūtė-Dauguvietienė (1899–1986) – actress.
Vladimiras Zavadzkis
(1901–1955) - an officer of the Krajiva Army, a participant in the
Warsaw Uprising.
Stasys Šačkus (1907–1985) – Lithuanian track and
field athlete, basketball player, born in 1937 Winner of the European
Basketball Championship.
Nikolajus Milenskis (1907–1990) – mechanical
engineer, pioneer of thermal physics research in Lithuania.
Avelis
Starcevas (1909–2005) is a Russian literary critic and translator of
Jewish origin.
Izis Bidermanas (1911-1980) is a French photographer
of Jewish origin.
Albina Simokaitytė (1923–2004) – theater actress.
Raimondas Viskanta (1931–2021) is a specialist in thermal physics and
heat exchange.
Zita Asta Alaunienė (1931–2020) – linguist, pedagogue,
doctor of educational sciences.
Dalia Triponienė (1938–2021) –
doctor, vascular surgeon.
Juozas Tumelis (1938–2022) – historian,
bibliographer, translator.
Rimantas Antanas Stankevičius (1944–1990)
– pilot and cosmonaut.
Algimantas Jasulaitis (b. 1949) – forensic
medicine expert, professor at Utena College.
Viktoras Muntianas (born
in 1951) is a political and public figure, former Speaker of the Seimas
of the Republic of Lithuania.
Donatas Stakišaitis (b. 1956) –
pediatrician, professor.
Rimantas Juknevičius (1966–1991) - one of
the victims of the events of January 13, died on January 13. at night,
defending the freedom and independence of the Republic of Lithuania.
Gintaras Grajauskas (born in 1966) is a poet, essayist, playwright,
prose writer, songwriter and performer.
Almantas Kalinauskas (born in
1967) is a Lithuanian and USSR football player.
Vytautas Leškevičius
(born in 1970) is a diplomat, politician, Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania.
Darius Songaila (b. 1978) –
Lithuanian national team basketball player, NBA player.
Margarita
Čiuplytė (b. 1984) is a Lithuanian karate athlete, coach of children,
women and girls, world and European champion.
Eglė Šulčiūtė (b. 1985)
– member of the Lithuanian women's basketball team, Lithuanian champion.
The writer Žemaitė, the poet Petras Arminas-Trupinėlis, the author of
the history of Uznemunė, Fr. Jonas Totoraitis, participants in the
independence struggle. Crosses placed behind the cemetery fence on the
banks of Šešupės are works of art in memory of Lithuanian partisans.