Šiauliai is a large city in northern Lithuania. It is the seat of the surrounding district of Šiauliai and has been the capital of the Šiauliai district since 1994. It has the status of a township, so it has an elected mayor and city council. Šiauliai is an important business location, transport hub, seat of a university and a Catholic diocese.
The Sparrowhawk has a. In the culture of half of the city, Ludvik
Yucevicius, Jonas Preker, Alexander Mora, the first author of the
history of Siauliai economy, Mauricius Grishkevicius, left bright
traces. The Sparrowhawk has a. at the end, Siauliai became famous for
May-Lithuanian intelligentsia gatherings, where topical problems of the
national movement were solved, concerts and plays were performed.
Cultural figures Povilas Vishinsky, Peliksas Bugailiskis worked in the
city. In 1989. the Siauliai Chamber Orchestra was founded. In 1990.
Lithuanian educator and choirmaster Remigijus Adomaitis founded the boys
'choir " Dagilelys".
The main holiday of the city is Siauliai's
birthday, the day of the Battle of The Sun – September 22. The holiday
is usually celebrated a week or two earlier due to climatic conditions.
1919-1922 published magazine "chandelier"
In 1920. book
publishing company "culture" was established, the Public Library of
Siauliai City Municipality was opened (later the Public Library of
Siauliai County Povilas Vishinskis), S. Savich and B. Shumkauskas
printing house.
1923-1941 published magazine "culture".
1923-1928
published newspaper "Siauliai news".
1924-1941 there was an Ethical
Culture Society.
In 1926. the Society for cultural education was
founded.
In 1927. opened P. Vishinsky people's University,
established Siauliai Local History Society.
In 1928. opened J.
Basanavicius people's University.
1930-1938 published statistics,
information book "Siauliai yearbook".
1934-1943 published Local
History magazine "Nativasai land"
In 1951. Siauliai District Library
opened
In 1999. Siauliai" Dagileliu " singing school established
The city has a cultural center.
In 1923. the Siauliai Dawn museum was established. Its subdivisions
include:
Ch. Frenkel Villa
Bicycle Museum
Museum of photography
Radio and television Museum
The Cat Museum (established 1990 he is
not a" dawn " Museum unit)
University History Museum
Water
management museum (established 1974)
Railway Museum (established
1971)
Angel museum (established 2014)
In 1904. October 31 for the first time, a Lithuanian performance was
played – A. Four-legged comedy "America in the bathhouse". It happened
in the people's house, now the building of the city of Siauliai
municipality. This performance is the first legal word spoken from the
stage by northerners.
1908-1914 the famous Lithuanian drama,
music, song society "Varpas"acted. In Siauliai worked artists and
directors Jonas Misius, Gabrielius Landsbergis-Zemkalnis, Ona
Pleiryte-Puidiene, Stanislava Yaksheviciute-Venclauskiene, amateur
actors – Juozas Grinius, Antanas Povylius and others.
In 1931.
Siauliai Drama Theatre opened
In 1939. Klaipeda State Theatre brought
to Siauliai
2004-2011 there was a puppet theater "Beehive".
Monuments
In 1931. according to engineer K. The reison project
erected a monument to those who died for independence on rebel Hill
(solemnly unveiled in 1935). May 30).
In 1986. in celebration of the
750th anniversary of the Battle of The Sun and the installation of the
sundial Square, a monument to Sagittarius was unveiled, called Saul,
golden boy or Golden (author Stasys Kuzma).
In 2004. a monument to
the memory of the Dawn newspaper was unveiled (author Dalia Matulaite).
Siauliai is the center of the Diocese of Siauliai, the following
Catholic churches are located in the city:
STs. Church of St. Joseph
the worker
Siauliai St. Cathedral of the apostles Peter and Paul
Siauliai St. St. George's church
Siauliai St. Church of St. Ignatius
of Loyola (Jesuit non-parochial
Siauliai St. M. Church of the
Immaculate Conception of Mary
In addition, there are:
Orthodox
Saint Peter and Paul Church
Old Believers Siauliai Assumption Church
Siauliai Evangelical Lutheran Church
Siauliai evangelical Reformed
Church
Evangelical Baptist Church of Siauliai
Siauliai United
Methodist Church
Free Christian Church
Siauliai New Apostolic
Church
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter – day Saints-Mormons
House
of prayer of the church "Word of faith"
Center of Karma Kagyu
tradition of Siauliai Diamond way Buddhism
Houses of worship of other
faiths
The name Šiauliai is a personal toponym derived from the plural of the personal name Šiaulis. Such formation of names of residential areas is particularly characteristic of the Lithuanian language. The place name has been mentioned since 1236. describing the Battle of the Sun (Soule). in 1254 Šiauliai land (terra Saulen) is mentioned.
On the land of Siauliai, on the site of the present city, people
lived already in the first millennium AD. The city of Siauliai
itself is located on the border where both ancient Samogitian and
semigallian tribes lived. B. According to Quixote, the town began to
develop as early as the twentieth century.
In The Chronicles
of the order of swordsmen. the area of Soule, Saulia and Saulen is
mentioned with the current Siauliai. The first mention of the city
is considered to be the Battle of The Sun described in the verse
Livonian Chronicle, in which in 1236. 22 September the combined army
of Lithuanians, Samogitians and Samogitians crushed the troops of
the Livonian order. The land of Siauliai was first mentioned in a
Livonian deed in 1254.
The name of the town was first
mentioned in 1524. 11 June In the letter of Sigismund the old, which
transfers the Siauliai district to John, Bishop of Vilnius. The
township Sovli is marked in 1555. Map of Europe compiled by Caspar
Vopela. The town developed in an economically important location, at
a convenient intersection of trade routes, on the high ground
southwest of Lake Talsha. The historic center of the city is the
former market, now Resurrection square. Since 1636. Siauliai is a
city.
In 1589. established Siauliai economy-unification of
royal estates. In 1625. a brick church was built. In 1713. The
Siauliai received City rights, although self-government was not
implemented until after 1791. privileges. Anton Tyzenhaus
(1733-1785), a nobleman of German origin, former treasurer of the
House of LDK, contributed greatly to the revival of the city of
Siauliai. In 1765. appointed administrator of Siauliai economy began
radical economic and urban reforms to substantially rebuild Siauliai
and Joniskis cities. The former Brave reformer tried to reconcile
modernization with feudalism, founded manufactories in various
places, where serfs who were not very satisfied and not used to
innovations worked. Only a few years after the reforms, in 1769.
there was an uprising of the peasants of Siauliai economy. After the
uprising A. Tyzenhaus decided to undertake even stronger reforms:
then the ideas of classicism were already spreading in Lithuania, on
which his plans were based – to rebuild the city of radial plan into
a regular rectangle. In 1774. the reconstruction of the city center
of Siauliai began, transforming the Central Square and the street
network according to the principles of classicist architecture. In
1780. after his removal from office, he did not manage to implement
all his ideas, but the process of urban development that had begun
was already unstoppable. In 1791. the coat of arms of Siauliai is
approved.
The entire county was covered in 1830. during the
uprising, the city was captured by rebels several times, and after
the uprising's defeat, a number of rebels were hanged on the Mount
of retainers. In 1863. during the uprising, the siaulians had formed
several military units, several important battles took place near
the city. In the years of the Prohibition of the press, Siauliai had
become one of the most important centers of education and
distribution of the Forbidden press. The Sparrowhawk has a. at the
end, Siauliai – was the city of Kaunas governorate, the county
center.
In 1915. the retreating Russians set fire to the
city, and in 1918-1919. it was also bombed. In 1918. The first
democratic municipality in Lithuania was formed in Siauliai.
Although in the interwar years the city was rebuilt and decorated
with new buildings, but in 1944. it was demolished again (in total,
about 80% were destroyed during the war. home).
In the
post-war years, Lithuanian partisans of the Resurrection district
Prince Zygaitis and Lithuanian Green districts were active in the
area.
In 1975. In Siauliai, the first pedestrian boulevard of
the USSR was installed in the city center.
Šiauliai is located in the northern part of the Eastern Žemaicai
plateau, at the crossroads of the Mūša, Dubysa and Venta rivers. The
distance to Vilnius is 210 km, Kaunas – 142 km; Klaipeda – 161 km, Riga
– 128 km; Kaliningrad - 250 km. The total area of the city territory is
81.13 km², of which green areas are 18.87 km², waters – 12.78 km². The
perimeter of the administrative land boundaries of the city is 70,317
km.
Altitudes: water level of Lake Räkyva - 129.8 m above sea
level, level of Lake Talša - 103.0 m, city center - 128.4 m, Mount
Salduvė - 149.7 m above sea level.
The total area of water bodies
is 1280 ha, 15.7% of the city's territory.
Šiauliai city lakes:
Ginkūnai, Rėkyva, Talkša. The following streams flow through the city
territory: Kulpė (25.8 km), Rūdė (4.8 km), Vijolė, Shvedė, Šimša, Tilžė,
Šventupis (Ginupis), Banko canal, Medinupelis.
Average air
temperature in January. -7 °C; July. +18 °C. Annual rainfall is 538.5
mm. in 1942 the city recorded the lowest annual average temperature in
Lithuania (+3.6 °C).
The distance to the center is indicated, km:
Alexandria 5
Andrew 7
Bachiunai 5
Bessarabia 1
Old Town 0
Songs 4
Didzhvari 1
May 6
Weapons 4
Guitars 5
Governorate 3
Hill
1
Caucasus 1
Compiler 1.5
Lepšia 3
Leprosy 5
Stripes 5
Nursery 4
Pabali 2
Replays 2
Villain 3
Riga 6
Sweets 3
Shimše 2
Buckle 1
Boilers 3
Whirlpools 4
Violets 4
Vixenen 3
Mouths 3
Greens 1
Fishermen 3
The first coat of arms of the city, which depicts a Samogitian bear
and the eye of Providence, a royal crown and a small Poniatowski calf,
was painted for Siauliai in 1791. granted by Stanislaus Augustus along
with the privilege. In 1801. in place of the royal crown, the two-headed
eagle of the Russian Empire appeared on the city's coat of arms and the
inscription in Polish PIECZEC RATUSZA MIASTA after SZA SVISTEG SZA
SVISTEL. After 1831. only a double-headed eagle remained on the
uprising's coat of arms. In 1912. artist T. Dmokhovsky created a new
coat of arms for the city with a bear, the eye of Providence, and the
Poniatowski calf, which was used in various forms until 1940. It was
modified in Renaissance style by Bronius Shalyamoras. In 1968. October
22 The Republican heraldic Commission approved the historical coat of
arms restored by the artist Arun Tarabilda, in which the image of the
sun appeared instead of the eye of Providence, which did not harmonize
with Soviet ideology.
In 1991. 30 August The Presidium of the
Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania approved the coat of arms
of the city of Siauliai, designed by artist Agnius Tarabilda, which was
not recognized by the city council in 1991. 21 September approved the
coat of arms created by artist Teofilas Petraitis used by Siauliai City
Municipality before the war. However, this coat of arms was not
recognized by the country's authorities. In 2001. September 5 The
presidential decree approved the new great (with the royal crown) and
small coats of arms of the city, designed by the artist Agnius
Tarabilda.
1872, 1877, 1912 urban design plans replaced the urban landscape in
the central streets of the city, where two-storey brick buildings were
erected instead of demolished wooden houses. Rapidly next and street
network-1871. there were 12 streets, in 1910. - already 30.
During the first World War, about 85% of buildings were destroyed. The
rebuilding of the city was planned according to 1921. a temporary
reconstruction plan for the city. Until 1929. the city center was
rebuilt and landscaped. In 1937. the church was demolished in 1938.
raise the market place, and only then a representative square with
flower beds and a fountain is installed.
The Second World War
destroyed the city again, but the pre-war street network and building
lines were followed during its reconstruction. Only a few natural Street
connections were severed. An important influence on the development of
the city was 1961. General plan. The next show was in 1980. 2009-01-29
Siauliai City Council Decision No. The master plan approved by T-1 is
still in force today (BP).
The city park began to be developed by Anton Tyzenhaus, largely
completed by Vladimir Zubov. The Sparrowhawk has a. in the middle, the
park had a regular rectangular shape, and by the end of the century it
became close to the English style of free layout. The townspeople were
allowed to walk around the park for a small fee. In 1931. the park and
the Chestnut alley were officially donated to the Siauliai City
Municipality.
There are 16 parks in Siauliai with an area of 1177
ha. The parks of didzdvaris, Gubernija and Rizyvos are included in the
Register of cultural properties.
In 2003. production in the city was 4.3%. all industrial production
in the country. Strategic directions of the city until 2015. approved by
Siauliai City Municipal Council in 2005. December 22 by decision.
Siauliai city vision:"Siauliai – City of The Sun: open, impetuous and
safe".
For a good connection, you still need to get to a.
Siauliai became an industrial center. The largest Ch in the Russian
Empire was built here. Frenkel leather factory, Gubernija brewery. Since
1913. Ruth's Chocolate Factory Works. In the interwar period, Siauliai
produced about 85% of all Lithuanian leather, 60% of footwear, 75% of
flax fiber, 35% of candy industry production. In 1940. Siauliai
Nonwovens factory was established.
In Soviet times, enterprises
in the electronics, machine-building, woodworking, construction
industries appeared. Siauliai TV factory was famous for producing" Tauro
" TVs, TV studio hardware and movable TV stations. Most of the city's
industrial enterprises were concentrated in the governorate
microdistrict and Industrial Street. In 1996. founded by Siauliai Fez.
Since 2007. the Siauliai highway group works.
In 2005. the city
had 3,195 manufacturing and service businesses, 781 retail businesses,
30 of them shopping centers.
The city of Siauliai is growing based mainly on the forces of local
business rather than foreign investment. Industry, construction, small
and medium-sized businesses are well developed in Siauliai.
Over
the past few years, there has been an increase in construction, which
has not been for several decades. A decade ago, new companies settled in
the territories of bankrupt large companies, large traders were
especially active, building huge trade and service complexes in the
city. The main shopping and entertainment centers in Siauliai:
"Acropolis", "Arena", "Brooklyn", "Tilsit", "City of The Sun".
The first steam engine was installed in 1867. Guberniya beer bravore.
In 1900. The Chaim Frenkel leather factory in Siauliai was equipped with
a 50 k power Dynamo machine, the electricity produced by which was used
to illuminate the premises and territory of the factory and turned two
engines of 16 and 12 horsepower.
In 1923. built in 1941. the
power station was launched. In 1955. The first central heating circuit
was built in rykiva. In 1956. after the merger of the Rizyvos and
Petrashiunas power plants, the Lithuanian energy system began to be
created. In 1962. 26 March after the construction of the power supply
line Siauliai-Jelgava, the Lithuanian energy system was connected to the
North-West joint energy system.
Since 1963. Gas is used in
Siauliai. In 1966. the development of the central heating system of the
city began, the Southern boiler house was built, where in 2004.
electricity generation resumed. Until 2013. a new cogeneration plant of
AB "Siauliai energija" is to be built, which will use biofuels.
In Siauliai, on average, 2170 ks of electricity are generated per capita
per year (3264 ks of electricity in Lithuania, 6482 Ks of electricity in
Europe).
The city itself without St. Paul. The Peter and Paul cathedrals are
not notable tourist attractions, but 7 km to the North is the mountain
of crosses of World importance, which is visited by about 0.5 million
people annually. worshippers.
The town contains:
Tour
operators-13
Travel agencies-7
Hotels-10
Youth Hostel-2
Guest houses-3
Motel – 1
Catering establishments-112
Siauliai
in 2004. visited 16,168, in 2005. - 15 607 tourists from Lithuania and
in 2004. - 2544, 2005. - 3655, 2006. - 20485 tourists from abroad.
The inhabitants of Siauliai are called Siauliai, others call them
Siauliai. Previously, they were classified as Northern Western
Highlanders, as a result of migration, an intermediate dialect of
Siauliai was formed between Highlanders and Samogitians – Western
Highlanders.
In 1795. There were 3,700 inhabitants in Siauliai,
but already in 1897. Siauliai was the second city of Kaunas governorate
in terms of population (16,128 inhabitants). In 1909. 56.4% of the
population was Jewish. In 1923. Siauliai ranked third in terms of
population after Kaunas and Klaipeda. In terms of the area of the
occupied territory (24 km2), the city remained fourth after Kaunas,
Klaipeda and Panevezys.
In 1851. the boys ' gymnasium, now Julius Janonis gymnasium, began to
function
In 1898. the girls ' gymnasium started, now Didzdvaris
gymnasium
In 1920. established Jewish gymnasium
In 1920. the
Siauliai Teachers ' Seminary
In 1928. Compulsory Primary Education
introduced
In 1930. the original V was built. Kudirka school
In
1938. another elementary school was built
In 1939. the Institute of
Commerce, the first higher education institution in Siauliai, came from
Klaipeda
In 1948. the Siauliai Teachers Institute has been
established since 1954. Pedagogical Institute, since 1996., after
joining the Siauliai Faculty of Kaunas Polytechnic Institute-Siauliai
University. As of 2021. Siauliai University was annexed by Vilnius
University, establishing its branch in Siauliai-the Siauliai Academy of
Vilnius University.
In 1999. Siauliai" Dagileliu " singing school
established
In 2006. students studied in the city:
Siauliai University-10,440
Siauliai college-2770
North Lithuania
college-350
Siauliai Regional College of management and languages-517
Siauliai Conservatory-149
Siauliai vocational training center-2663
The city has 8 gymnasiums, 14 progymnasiums, 2 Secondary Schools, 5
primary schools, 9 schools for non-formal education of children, 29
kindergartens-nurseries. There are vocational training institutions:
Siauliai vocational training centre, Siauliai labour market Training
Centre. General education schools 2012-2013m. there were 14,800
students.
In Siauliai since 1924. football played, 1936 there were 14 teams.
Later, basketball, handball, rugby, field hockey, cultivated athletics,
cycling, boxing and other sports began to be played. In 2007. 25 July,
in preparation for the European basketball championship, a modern
Siauliai arena was opened. There are 4 stadiums.
Sports
institutionsports Center "Dubysa" - Boxing, Cycling (Road), shooting, BM
cycling, checkers, chess, volleyball, table tennis, handball
Sports
Center" offshoot " – Greco-Roman wrestling, judo wrestling, sambo
wrestling, freestyle wrestling, rowing, canoeing and canoe rowing,
sailing, weightlifting.
Siauliai tennis academy-tennis
Basketball
Academy " Sun " - basketball
Athletics and Wellness Center
Rugby,
Field Hockey Academy – rugby, field hockey.
Swimming Center "Dolphin"
Football Academy "Siauliai"
Siauliai Sports Gymnasium
Football clubs from Siauliai
Siauliai (basketball
Gintra
University (women's football club
Gintra-Strekte-University
Motorsport Club "Slikas"
Orienteering Club "Sakas"
Siauliai Rugby
Club "Vairas"
"Baltreys"
"Siauliai Handball Club"
Sports Club
"Venta Life"
Fitness club "Elada"
Sports clubs "EuroGym" and
"SoloGym"
Siauliai Aeroclub
Fitness club-stud farm "Mirage"
Fitness club "Pyramid"
Mindaugas Zhukauskas, (basketball)
Victoria Chmilyte, (chess)
Paul Viktoravicius, (swimming)
Vilma Rimsaite (BM cycling
Richard
Berankis (tennis
Donatas Slanina (basketball
Antanas Sireika
(basketball
Thomas Kanchelski (soccer
Deivydas Lunski (soccer
Aurimas bow (kayaking)
Edvinas Ramanauskas (canoeing)
Santa
Pakenyte (judo)
Mindaugas Bilius (l.athletics)
The White House
(l.athletics)
Rasa Drazdauskaite (l.athletics)
Remalda Kergyte
(l.athletics)