Dnipro is a city at the junction of the center, east and south of
Ukraine, the administrative center of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the
Dniprovsky district and the Dnieper urban community, as well as the
center of the Dnieper agglomeration. Located on the rivers Dnieper and
Samara. A large industrial, cultural, scientific and innovation center.
The fourth most populous city in Ukraine after Kyiv, Kharkov and Odessa.
Until 1796 and from 1802 to 1926 the city was called Yekaterinoslav,
from 1796 to 1802 - Novorossiysk, and from 1926 to 2016 -
Dnepropetrovsk.
One of the largest industrial centers of Ukraine;
Ferrous metallurgy, metalworking, mechanical engineering, and other
branches of heavy industry are especially developed. Dnipro was one of
the key centers of the defense and space industry of the Soviet period;
the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the Ukrainian SSR was located in
the city. Due to the developed military industry, Dnipro was a city
closed to foreigners until the 1990s.
As of January 1, 2020,
990,724 people lived in the city, 993,220 people lived within the
boundaries of the city council - including the urban-type settlement of
Aviatorskoye. In 1976-2011, the population of the Dnieper exceeded 1
million people (this was the case in late 2017-early 2018)
Amur-Nizhnyodniprovskyi
Shevchenkivskyi
Cathedral
Industrial
Central
Chechelivskyi
Novokodatskyi
Samarsky
Dmitry Yavornitsky Avenue - the central street of the Dnieper (Length
- 5 kilometers. One of the oldest highways of the city. It began to form
in the late 1780s.)
House of Khrennikov, st. Korolenko, 2 (corner of
Yavornitsky and Korolenko). now occupied by the Grand Hotel Ukraine
Park them. T.G. Shevchenko
Monastyrsky Island (An island on the
Dnieper River. A monument to T. G. Shevchenko is erected on the island -
one of the largest in Ukraine.)
Merefa-Kherson railway bridge
(Designer, architect N. M. Kolokolov, M. A. Kisnya, 1912-1932. The only
railway bridge in Europe that has a curved trajectory. It was taken
under state protection as an architectural monument.)
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral (An architectural monument of national
importance. The original project of Claude Gerua, the laying of the
first stone by Catherine II - May 9 (20), 1787. The re-laying of the
temple in 1830 - the project of A. D. Zakharov)
An 18th-century verst
mile - the first building in the entire city
Palace of Students of
the DNU
The building of the National Mining University (An
architectural monument of national importance. Founded in 1899)
The
former building of the Zemsky hospital (Now the hospital named after I.
I. Mechnikov is one of the oldest multidisciplinary medical institutions
in Ukraine, a regional center for specialized surgical care.)
The
longest embankment in Europe (Along the right bank of the Dnieper,
length - 30 km.)
The Menorah Center is the largest Jewish center in
the world with an area of more than 50,000 sq.m. There is also a
memorial complex dedicated to the Holocaust - the Museum "Memory of the
Jewish People and the Holocaust in Ukraine"
Fountain "Swan" near the
Central Bridge (Jet height can reach 50 m.)
Holy Trinity Cathedral
(An architectural monument of the mid-19th century, a historical and
cultural monument of the city of Dnipro)
Evangelical Lutheran Church
of St. Catherine (Years of construction 1865-1866)
Main post office
building
Park them. Lazar Globa
Children's railway in the park.
Globy. (Opened in 1936)
Light and music fountain near the
Dnepropetrovsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater (D. Yavornitsky
Ave., 72a)
Yekaterinoslav Cloth Factory (An architectural monument of
national importance. One of the oldest buildings in the city. Years of
construction 1793-1794. Builder - D. Tropov. D. Yavornitsky avenue, 106)
Dnipropetrovsk House of Organ and Chamber Music (Located in the building
of St. Nicholas (Bryansk) Cathedral, project G.Turovets. Regional center
of musical culture. The organ is a two-manual mechanical organ with 30
registers and 2074 pipes, made by special order by the German company
"Sauer")
St. Nicholas Church (Architectural monuments of national
importance. Years of construction 1807-1810. Krepostnaya St., 108, the
former village of Novy Kodak)
Exaltation of the Cross Church (In the
village of Diyovka, which is part of the Dnieper. Construction
1803-1812)
Kodak Fortress (An architectural monument of national
importance. Founded in 1635. In our time, 90% of the fortress has been
destroyed, only the northern earthen ramparts and the lake have
survived, remaining after the flooding of the granite quarry. 1.5 km
from the southern border of the Dnieper, in the village of Starye
Kaidaki. )
Ust-Samarsky retrenchment (An architectural monument of
national importance. The end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th
century. The earthen ramparts of the Bogoroditskaya (Novobogoroditskaya)
fortress in the area of \u200b\u200bthe modern village of Shevchenko,
which is part of the Dnieper.)
Holy Intercession Church (In the
village of Odinkovka, which is part of the Dnieper. The first mention is
1797)
Dnepropetrovsk National Historical Museum. DI. Yavornitskogo, D.
Yavornitskogo Ave., 16, 49000 Dnipro (Tram No. 1, stops "Hospital named
after Mechnikov" or "Cathedral Square"). ☎ +38 0562 46-34-22; +38 0562
46-05-12. 10:00-16:30, day off - Monday. One of the largest and oldest
museums in Ukraine. Date of foundation - 1849. The museum building is an
architectural monument of national importance. Departments: Prehistoric,
Cossack, Industrial Revolution, Revolution and Civil War, Great
Patriotic War, thematic exhibitions.
Diorama "Battle for the
Dnieper", 16 D. Yavornitsky Ave. - The largest diorama in Ukraine, the
second largest in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It is the
center of a large memorial complex dedicated to the heroes and events of
the Great Patriotic War. Opened in 1975 on the occasion of the 30th
anniversary of the People's Victory in the Great Patriotic War of
1941-1945.
Memorial House-Museum of Academician D.I. Yavornitsky,
Shevchenko Square, 5. One of the six branches of the Dnepropetrovsk
Historical Museum, which includes the house of the historian,
archaeologist, famous researcher of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks Dmitry
Yavornitsky. Opened to visitors November 3, 1988.
Cultural and
Business Center "Menorah" , st. Sholom Aleichem, 4/26. ☎ +38 056
7177000. 09:00 - 21:00. "Menorah" is located in the very center of the
city of Dnipro (Dnepropetrovsk). On an area of about 50,000 m², it
houses a wide variety of services for residents and guests of the city:
MENORAH Hotel and 7 Days hotels, Sinai concert hall, celebration and
banquet halls, conference rooms, MGym fitness center, information and
tourist center , observation deck, bank branches, souvenir shops and
much more. Also on three floors of the Menorah Center there is the
largest memorial complex in the post-Soviet space dedicated to the
Holocaust - the Museum "Memory of the Jewish People and the Holocaust in
Ukraine".
Museum Center of H. P. Blavatsky and her family, st. Prince
Yaroslav the Wise, 11. One of the six branches of the Dnepropetrovsk
Historical Museum, which includes the ancient Fadeevs' estate, where the
theosophist, writer and traveler Elena Petrovna Blavatskaya was born and
lived.
Museum "Literary Prydniprovye", D. Yavornytsky Ave., 64. One
of the six branches of the Dnepropetrovsk Historical Museum. Created and
operating on the basis of the museum since its opening - May 24, 1998.
It is located in one of the oldest buildings in the Dnieper - the House
of Inzov.
Museum of the History of Local Self-Government of the
Dnipropetrovsk Region, ave. Alexandra Polya, 2 (the building of the
Regional Council). One of the six branches of the Dnipropetrovsk
Historical Museum, is the youngest museum in the Dnipropetrovsk region.
Date of foundation December 3, 2008
Dnepropetrovsk Art Museum, st.
Shevchenko, 21. The permanent exhibition of the museum consists of the
best examples of art of the 17th - early 20th centuries. The museum
holds about 9,000 works of painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative and
applied arts of Europe. There are paintings by Repin, Kuindzhi,
Aivazovsky, Korovin, Levitan, Serov, Borovikovsky, Bashkirtseva,
Sapozhnikov, and others. The museum is visited annually by 100 thousand
people.
Museum of the History of the Development of the Financial
System of the Dnepropetrovsk Region, st. Mikhail Grushevsky, 3-B. The
first financial museum in Ukraine, the exposition of which reflects the
development of financial relations in the Dnipropetrovsk region, from
the 18th century to 2011.
Museum of Coins of Ukraine in
Dnepropetrovsk, ave. A. Fields, 46/1. ☎ 387–660,387–675. One of the
museums in Dnipropetrovsk, which contains the best collection of
commemorative and commemorative coins issued by the National Bank of
Ukraine during the years of Ukraine's independence.
Exposition "Ways
of Donbass". ATO Museum
Dnepropetrovsk Drama Theater named after T.
Shevchenko, Voskresenskaya Street, 5 (Ukrainian Drama Theatre. Founded
in 1918 in Kyiv. An architectural monument of national importance.).
Dneprovsky Academic Theater of Drama and Comedy, D. Yavornitsky Ave.,
97. The Russian Drama Theater was founded in 1927 by decision of the
executive committee of the city council of Dnepropetrovsk on the basis
of the troupe of the Moscow Maly Theater, which then toured the city. An
architectural monument of national importance, the former Winter Theater
(1906-1907). In 2016, it was renamed the Drama and Comedy Theater.
Dnepropetrovsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, D. Yavornitsky
Ave., 72a. December 26, 1974 - the first season is opened. The Opera
House is the main venue for performances by visiting musical groups.
Dnepropetrovsk House of Organ and Chamber Music, 66 Sergey Nigoyan Ave.
Dnepropetrovsk Regional Philharmonic, st. Resurrection, 6. State
institution of culture in Dnepropetrovsk. An architectural monument of
national importance.
Dnepropetrovsk State Circus, Sicheslavskaya
Embankment, 33. A unique building built in 1980. Designed by P.
Nirinberg. The capacity of the auditorium is 1914 people.
By plane
Dnepropetrovsk International Airport (IATA:DNK), Located
5 km southeast of Dnepropetrovsk, near the village. Old Kodaki (15 km
from the city center). ☎ +380-56-239-52-09. open around the clock.
Passenger turnover (year): 444.2 thousand (2012)
By train
Railway station "Dnepr-Glavny".
Information service of the
Central railway station: +380-56-236-48-26.
The second (Southern)
railway station is located on the street. Pilot, 2.
Information
service of the South Railway Station: +380-56-236-37-05.
By car
A large number of highways pass through the city and adjacent
territories. Among them are European and international routes: E50
(Brest (France) - Makhachkala), E105 (Kirkines (Norway) - Yalta).
By bus
Buses from most major cities of Ukraine arrive at the
central bus station. There are also many transit buses Russia-Europe,
Europe-Russia.
Information service of the central bus station:
+380-56-778-40-90.
Buses and fixed-route taxis from the cities of the
left-bank part of the region arrive at the Novy Tsentr bus station.
Information service of the bus station "New Center": +380-56-726-53-48.
On the ship
There is a river port in Dnepropetrovsk that accepts
cargo and passenger ships that go along the Dnieper.
Information
service of the river station: +380-56-721-56-26
Work in the city:
17 trolleybus routes
12 tram routes
6
metro stations
Several bus routes
147 taxi lines
₴ Fare
from 4 to 8 hryvnia. Payment is most often to the driver, however, there
are often conductors in trolleybuses / trams, they are easy to
recognize. In trams, it is often possible to pay for travel with a bank
card (validators right on the vertical handrail). And a small life hack
- for better navigation, use Easyway (available in the Play Market), an
application that shows what transport you can get to the desired
destination + you can track online where a conditional trolleybus or
fixed-route taxi is going. Works not only for the Dnieper.
Grocery supermarkets of various formats are common in the city:
ATB - one of the lowest prices and a very good geography of stores
around the city, the choice of goods is small.
Varus - a wider
selection of products, prices are slightly higher than ATB. It can also
be found in almost any part of the city.
Metro - stores of retail and
wholesale format, you need a card in the store application to pay at the
checkout. The choice is huge, the prices are average. It is most
convenient to go by car to this store of all those listed.
Silpo is
one of the more expensive stores with better quality goods compared to
ATB.
Mice Blyakher, ave. Dmitra Yavornitsky, 46. 12:00–23:00, Fri and Sat:
until 1:00. This inconspicuous basement cafe has a special history. The
creators claim that during the repair they found a cookbook of a certain
Mouse (Misha) Blyakher, a criminal authority who settled in
Dnepropetrovsk after the war and at his leisure was engaged in designing
unusual dishes from everyday ingredients. The chef allowed himself to
slightly expand their list by introducing, for example, gorgonzola, but
in general, the original idea is implemented here in one hundred
percent, and if you want to try the Black Sea red mullet or frog legs
from Vilkovo, you need to go here. The meal is complemented by good
craft beer of local production. WiFi.
Restaurant "Uzvar", ave. Dmitra
Yavornitskogo, 83. Mon–Fri 9:00–23:00, Sat–Sun 10:00–23:00. Hot: 80-100
UAH Perhaps the only Ukrainian restaurant in the city. Nothing special,
but borsch and dumplings will be cooked for you here, and the interior
and musical accompaniment are designed in a modest national style
without too much popular print. The signature drink is uzvar, as well as
good tinctures. Wi-Fi is caught, but does not work.
Schrodinger
Cafe , prosp. Dmitra Yavornitsky, 48. 12:00–23:00. The only thing that
reminds me of Schrödinger here is the Wi-Fi networks "Cat is live" and
"Cat is dead". Only one of them works at any moment of time, which
Schrödinger would be pleased with, but this visible uncertainty
interferes with ordinary users much more than the illusory quantum one.
Small creative dishes and a wide selection of alcohol and cocktails
based on it. Quite expensive.
SPA-hotel TSUNAMI , pl. Cathedral, 12-a. ✉ ☎ +38-068-90-000-10, fax:
+38-056-37-27-337. 00:00 - 24:00. A complex that combines a 4-star
Hotel, SPA with an area of 4500 sq.m and a modern Fitness center. Nearby
is the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Monastic Island, Shevchenko Park,
the Dnieper embankment, the Historical Museum. Ideal for both travel and
business travel.
Hotel "Sverdlovsk", st. Vladimir Antonovich, 6. ✉ ☎
+38-056-744-9800. The hotel calls itself the largest economy class hotel
in the city. "Economy" usually means "scoop", but the price of 70 UAH
per person is a serious argument. Indeed, although the plumbing has
found Soviet times, the staff is friendly, the room is warm and there is
free Wi-Fi. On the 4th floor there is a buffet with corresponding prices
(07:00-22:00).
Grand Hotel Ukraine, st. Korolenko, 2 (corner of
Yavornitsky and Korolenko). ✉ ☎ +38-056-790-14-41, fax:
+38-056-790-14-31. The hotel is located in the business center of
Dnepropetrovsk. 80 rooms. It is considered the best hotel in the city.
It is located in the architectural monument, Khrennikov's house.
Hotel Dnepropetrovsk, st. Sicheslavskaya Embankment, 33. ✉ ☎
+38-056-377-95-77.
Axelhof Boutique Hotel, st. Mechnikov, 14/44. ☎
+38-067-150-44-44.
Hotel Dawn, st. Julius Fucik, 30. ☎
+38-056-377-43-08.
Academy Hotel, D. Yavornitsky Ave., 20. ✉ ☎
+38-056-370-05-05, fax: +38-056-370-29-31. The hotel is located in a
prestigious area of the city, in the center of Dnepropetrovsk, next to
the main avenue. Guests of the "Academy" are provided with a wonderful
rest in a cozy and calm atmosphere. At the same time, proximity to all
universities, leading companies, banks, museums and parks is very
important and convenient.
MENORA Hotel , st. Sholom Aleichem, 4/26.
✉ ☎ +380-56-717-70-01, fax: +380-56-717-70-08. 00:00 - 24:00. The hotel
is located in the very center of the Dnieper (Dnepropetrovsk), in close
proximity to the New Bridge - the main transport artery of the city,
connecting the right and left banks of the Dnieper River. The hotel is
convenient for tourist and business trips. The Menorah Center, of which
the Hotel is a part, provides magnificent halls for business
conferences, banquets, holidays - with a capacity of 30 to 1200 guests,
as well as open terraces overlooking the Dnieper in the warm season.
Since March 2018, a modern MGym Fitness Center has been opened at the
Menorah Center.
Abri Hotel, Kalininsky descent, 1 (opposite the bus
station). ✉ ☎ +38-056-719-92-02, fax: +38-067-922-98-88. The hotel is
located in close proximity to the cultural and historical center of the
city. Convenient transport interchange (50 meters from the bus station,
200 meters from the railway station) makes it easy to get to anywhere in
the city. It offers free parking, luggage storage, two conference rooms,
free Wi-Fi throughout the hotel, 53 comfortable rooms, a lounge bar and
a restaurant "ABRI"
Many cafes and restaurants have WiFi. Often password protected. It is
better to ask the staff of the institution for the password.
There are mobile operators Vodafone, Lifecell, Kyivstar, Intertelecom.
You do not need a passport to purchase a starter prepaid package. You
can buy starter packs at any shopping center or kiosk at a public
transport stop. The price varies from 20 to 200 UAH depending on the
tariff.
Telephones of municipal services:
112 - Unified
emergency telephone number
+380-56-236-07-70 - Rescue Service
+380-56-744-25-87 - Ministry of Emergency Situations in the
Dnipropetrovsk region
+380-56-744-71-70 - GAI duty unit
+380-56-745-90-40 - Anonymous helpline (24/7)
The original name is Yekaterinoslav, in honor of St. Catherine, the
heavenly patroness of Empress Catherine II, at the suggestion of G. A.
Potemkin; the city was called so in 1776-1796 and 1802-1926.
In
written sources, the name "Ekaterinoslav" was first mentioned on April
23, 1776 in the report of the Azov Governor V. A. Chertkov to Grigory
Potemkin, where there was the following phrase: plan, profiles, facades
and estimates. The city was on the left bank of the Dnieper until 1784.
Then the construction was officially transferred to the right bank. The
decree of Catherine II of January 22, 1784 says: “The provincial city
called Yekaterinoslav should be the best convenience on the right side
of the Dnieper River near Kaydak ...” (meaning New Kodak).
In
1796-1802 the city was called Novorossiysk. The renaming took place as
part of the desire of Emperor Paul I to destroy any reminders of the
activities of his mother, Empress Catherine II. After the assassination
of Paul I, Emperor Alexander I returned the former name to the city in
1802.
On July 20, 1926, the city of Yekaterinoslav was renamed
Dnepropetrovsk, at the same time the Yekaterinoslav station was renamed
Dnepropetrovsk station. The new name is derived from the Dnieper River,
on which the city stands, and the names of the Soviet party and
statesman Grigory Petrovsky, who began his career here.
On May
19, 2016, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as part of the decommunization
process, renamed the city of Dnepropetrovsk to Dnipro (in Ukrainian
Dnipropetrovsk in Ukrainian Dnipro) after the name of the river, and on
June 3 the decision came into force.
In connection with the
renaming of the city, there was uncertainty regarding the transfer of
the new name in other languages. Thus, the scientists of the Ukrainian
Institute of National Memory considered that this name should be
pronounced in the same way in Ukrainian, Russian and English: “Dnipro”.
In September 2018, the media published a response from the Institute
of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, signed by Pavel Gritsenko, where, to the request of officials
of the Dnipro City Council, an answer was given that “Dnepr” would be
correct in Russian. The letter also states that the issue of
transferring proper names in Russian is within the competence of Russian
linguists.
Several unofficial or unapproved names are also known:
Sicheslav (unofficially during the time of the UNR and the Ukrainian
state, c. 1919), Krasnodneprovsk (not approved, 1924), Dniproslav
(unofficially, German occupation during the Great Patriotic War).
Geographical position
The Dnieper is located in the central part
of Ukraine on both banks of the middle Dnieper in the steppe zone. The
right-bank part is located on the spurs of the Dnieper Upland - mainly
on four hills delimited by beams (ravines) with streams. The relief of
the elevated right bank of the Dnieper in the city is characterized by a
developed dense network of ravines and ravines, which has a total length
of more than 120 km, covers an area of about 5 thousand hectares and
is formed by 15 ravines and more than 40 ravines. The left-bank part is
low-lying, indented in the west by elongated lakes - the remains of
ancient Protovcha. Within the city, the Orel (canal) and Samara rivers
flow into the Dnieper.
Climate
The climate of the Dnieper is
classified as a humid continental climate with no dry season and hot
summers. The average annual air temperature is +9 °C, the lowest in
January: -3.6 °C, the highest in July: +22.1 °C. There are an average of
260 sunny days per year. The wettest month is June. The driest is
October. The hottest month is July, the coldest month is January. The
average winter temperature is minus 3-4 degrees. There are nights when
the frost is below minus 25 degrees, although rarely, once every 10-15
years. December is the most difficult to endure; in cold years, sharp
temperature changes and severe frosts are possible after warm days. It
is also characterized by: dense clouds, wet winds, ice.
The
lowest average monthly air temperature in January: -14.5 °C, was
recorded in 1950, the highest +1.5 °C - in 2007. The lowest average
monthly temperature in July: +14.6 °C, was observed in 1976, the
highest: +25.6 °C - in 1936.
The absolute minimum air temperature:
-38.2 ° C, recorded on January 11, 1940, the absolute maximum: +40.9 ° C
- August 10, 1930. In the last 100-120 years, the air temperature in the
Dnieper, as well as on Earth as a whole, has a tendency to increase.
During this period, the mean annual air temperature increased by at
least 1°C. The warmest year for the entire observation period was 2007.
The greatest increase in temperature occurred in the first half of the
year.
On average, 539 mm of precipitation falls in the Dnieper
annually, the least of them in July, August and September, the most in
December and January. The minimum annual precipitation (273 mm) was
observed in 1951, the maximum (881 mm) - in 1960. The maximum daily
precipitation (82 mm) was recorded on August 23, 1960. On average, the
city experiences 110 days of precipitation per year; the least of them
(4) in August, the most (13 each) in December and January. Every year,
unstable snow cover forms in the Dnieper (December-February), and
occasionally thaws. Relative air humidity on average for the year is
74%, it is the lowest (61%) in August, the highest (88%) - in December.
The least cloudiness is observed in August, the largest - in December.
Winds from the north have the highest frequency in the city, and the
least from the northwest and southwest. The highest wind speed is in
January-February, the lowest in summer. In January it averages 5.4 m/s,
in July - 3.7 m/s. The average number of days with thunderstorms per
year is 22, hail - 5, snow - 41.
prehistoric times
Ever since the Paleolithic period (approximately
3 million - 13 thousand years ago), the territory near the Dnieper
rapids has been inhabited by people. About 200 thousand years ago, in a
deep ravine near the Old Kodaks, there was a temporary camp of primitive
hunters. At this time, there were people of the Neanderthal type, which
differed significantly from modern man. It was Neanderthals who owned
tools - hand axes made of quartzite, found on Monastyrsky Island. Later,
40-35 thousand years ago, the finds of the remains of hunting camps in
the modern f/m Pridneprovsk and Igren date back. Here were found the
bones of a mammoth and a huge bull - bison, various flint tools. The
same finds were found in the park. Shevchenko, Aptekarskaya beam,
Diyovka.
Throughout ancient times, dozens of hunting settlements
and burial grounds existed on the territory of the city and its
environs. Dnepropetrovsk region is famous for its numerous burial
mounds. The largest settlements were found on the Igrensky Peninsula:
according to archaeologists, there were large trading settlements here
at different times, which were also engaged in the exchange of various
goods.
The new period is associated with the most large-scale
settlement of Slavic tribes (VI-VIII centuries) along Nadporozhye. At
this time, the territory of Igren is being settled again. It even
becomes a center for making gold and silver jewelry.
Middle Ages
Kievan Rus
Around the 9th century, on the current Monastery Island
(now in the center of the Dnieper), Byzantine monks, according to
legend, founded a monastery (however, there is no documentary evidence
of this). Princess Olga stayed in this monastery in 957, and Prince
Vladimir in 988. Also, according to legend (the life of St. Ambrose),
Monastery Island was the northernmost point on the journey of the
Apostle Andrew the First-Called.
In ancient Russian times, the
surrounding lands were ruled by nomads - the Pechenegs, and then the
Polovtsians. In 972, not far from the territory of the modern Dnieper,
on the Nenasyten threshold (near the village of Nikopolsky, Solonyansky
district), Prince Svyatoslav died at the hands of the Pechenegs,
returning after a campaign in Bulgaria.
Academician B. A. Rybakov
believed that the main street town of Pereseken, which is mentioned in
the annals, was probably located on the Dnieper, south of Kyiv. In this
regard, the attention of researchers was attracted by the remains of a
large Slavic settlement that existed in 800-1300 on the sandy hills of
the Igrensky Peninsula, where the Samara River flows into the Dnieper.
The finds testify to intensive trade relations both with Russia and with
the Pechenegs. The city on the Igrensky peninsula was destroyed by the
Tatars, and its inhabitants retreated upstream of Samara, where the
transport was restored. The monastery and settlements on the island
opposite the current village of Starye Kodaki were also destroyed.
In 1152, Russian squads defeated the Polovtsy near the Orel and
Samara rivers, and in 1183, Khan Kobyak was also defeated there. In
1185, the campaign of Prince Igor Svyatoslavich ended in defeat there.
In the second half of the 12th century, Polovtsian nomad camps were
established on Orel and Samara. From the thresholds in 1223 the united
Russian army went to the steppe for the last time to lay down their
heads in the battle with the Mongols near the Kalka River. And from here
in the fall of 1240, Batu Khan began his campaign against Kyiv and
further - to Western Europe. At this time, the settlements located on
the territory of the Dnieper were dying: on Monastyrsky Island and on
Igren, where a shopping center was located along the Samara River in the
13th century.
Cossack times
In the XVI-XVIII centuries, the
territory of the modern city belonged to the grassroots Zaporizhian
Army. At the very beginning of the formation of the Cossacks, Dmitry
Vishnevetsky (Bayda), after the siege of the Zaporizhzhya Sich by the
Crimean Tatars, retreated to Monastyrsky Island. In 1635, the Kodak
fortress was built by the authorities of the Commonwealth to control the
lands of the Sich. Around 1650, Novy Kodak (the center of the Kodatsky
palanka of Zaporozhye) arose, and in 1688, on the site of the trading
town of Samara, the first Russian colony Novobogoroditsk in the
Zaporozhye lands with a fortress and an economic part - a settlement was
built.
In general, on the territory of the modern city and its
environs, several settlements and cities are known that arose back in
Cossack times:
1500 (or 1550) - the commercial Cossack town of Samar
(Samar, Samara) - in the lower reaches of the Samara River. There was
also a Samara retrenchment on the peninsula in the area of modern
Penzenskaya Street. It fell into decay in 1688 after the foundation of a
Russian colony and the Bogoroditskaya fortress here;
1564 - Cossack
kurens are known in Taromsky, from 1704 - a settlement;
1596 - the
transfer of Kamenka across the Dnieper is known;
1600 - Bogoroditsky
farms are known (now - the city of Podgorodnoye);
1635 - on the
initiative of the great crown hetman Stanislav Konetspolsky and the
corresponding decree of the Seym of the Commonwealth, the Kodak fortress
was founded, the main function of which was to control the Cossacks and
prevent people from escaping to Zaporozhye. A town arose nearby - later
the center of the Kodatskaya palanka. Several times passed from hand to
hand, destroyed and restored. It was finally destroyed under the terms
of the Prut Treaty (1711). The settlement was restored around 1734-1735
under the name Stary Kodak, the village called Old Kodak still exists
today;
1648 - the Obukha farm is known (now - the urban-type
settlement of Obukhovka);
1650 (or 1660) - the New Kodak (center of
the palanka) is known in the area of the modern exit from the
Kaydaksky bridge and Svoboda Avenue;
1688 - near the Cossack city of
Samar (the center of the Zaporizhzhya palanka), the Russian government
founded the Bogoroditskaya fortress and the settlement - Novobogoroditsk
- the first Russian settlement in the Zaporozhye lands; The Cossack
population of the city of Samar dispersed to neighboring villages. It
existed until 1793, when it was transferred to modern Novomoskovsk;
1740s (or 1770s) - a settlement of pilots was founded at the first
threshold - Pilot Kamenka;
1743-1795 - Polovitsa settlement existed.
Disappeared due to the expansion of Yekaterinoslav (entered the city
limits); now - the center of the Dnieper;
1744 - Manuylovka was
founded (later also Popovka);
1760s - Chapli farm is known;
1770 -
Sukhachevka was founded;
1775 - Diyovka was founded;
1776 -
Odinkovka was founded.
Yekaterinoslav
In 1775, the New Sich
was abolished, and on the lands of the former Zaporizhzhya Host,
administration was introduced according to the all-Russian model.
In connection with the development of the annexed lands, a new
administrative center was required, which was decided to be founded at
the mouth of the Kilchen River at the confluence with the Samara River.
The new city was founded in 1776 and named Yekaterinoslav in honor of
Empress Catherine II. There is another version - in those days it was
not customary to name cities in honor of living persons, therefore, in
order to please the ruler, the city was named after the Holy Great
Martyr Catherine of Alexandria.
However, due to its unfortunate
location in a swampy area and, as a result, frequent floods and diseases
among the population, Yekaterinoslav existed here for only a few years
(1776-1783), after which a decree was issued to transfer the city to a
new place - on the high bank of the Dnieper opposite the mouth of Samara
. The original Yekaterinoslav was renamed the county town of
Novomoskovsk (which was also transferred from here - up the Samara River
in 1794). Then the liberated lands were given to the German colonists of
Josefsthal and Krongarten.
New Yekaterinoslav was officially
founded during the visit of Catherine II, who on May 9 (20), 1787 laid
the first stone in the construction of the Transfiguration Cathedral
(this date was considered the date of the foundation of the city in the
Russian Empire - in 1887 the 100th anniversary of the founding cities).
The city was originally conceived as the third capital of Russia, after
St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The main organizer of the city was
Prince G. A. Potemkin, according to his plans in Yekaterinoslav, it was
planned to build “a court like ancient basilicas, shops in a semicircle
like the Propylaea or the threshold of Athens with a stock exchange and
a theater in the middle. The state chambers, where the governor also
lives, in the taste of Greek and Roman buildings, having a magnificent
and spacious canopy in the middle ... Cloth and silk factories. The
university is combined with the Academy of Music or the Conservatory.
Ekaterinoslav was supposed to occupy an area of 20 miles in length,
15 miles in width, a total of 300 square meters. verst. It was assumed
that the main streets of the city would be 60-80 meters wide. However,
grandiose plans were not destined to come true - in 1787 another
Russian-Turkish war began, and the lion's share of the money destined
for the provincial city was sent to the needs of the front. Potemkin
soon passed away, and 5 years after him, Catherine the Great. In
addition, the location of the center of the new city (on a hill) again
turned out to be not very successful, there were difficulties with water
supply. The development of the city slowed down.
The successor of
Catherine II on the throne, Emperor Paul I, by his decree renamed
Ekaterinoslav to Novorossiysk, and soon ordered: "all buildings in the
entire province should be stopped." The only large enterprise that
managed to open was a cloth manufactory. On the outskirts of the city,
colonies were formed in which visiting foreign workers lived.
By
the end of the 18th century, there were 11 stone houses in the city,
including the Potemkin Palace, and 185 wooden houses, and the population
was about 6 thousand people.
In 1808, a cloth factory, 8 tallow
factories, 8 candle factories, 9 brick factories, a soap factory and a
brewery operated in Yekaterinoslav.
During the first half of the
19th century, the number of enterprises increased markedly. In 1856, a
tobacco factory was opened in Yekaterinoslav on Hospitable Street (now
Magdeburg Law), the only one in the province that produced Turkish
tobacco and cigarettes.
In 1835, Minister of War A. I. Chernyshev
ordered the Yekaterinoslav manufactory to be closed as unprofitable for
the treasury, and its buildings and “factory population” (that is,
workers and their families) to be transferred to the military
department. The German scientist Franz Gaksthausen, who visited
Yekaterinoslav in 1844, was unpleasantly surprised that the factory was
essentially plundered: “The factory buildings are now left in ruins,
which have become a refuge for thefts and vagrants…”.
In the 19th
century, the population of the city continued to increase and in 1853 it
already amounted to more than 13 thousand people; in 1862, there were
315 stone houses, 3060 wooden houses in the city, and, in addition to
the cloth factory, there were various factories - an iron foundry,
brick, candle, soap, lard and leather factories. In 1873, a railway line
was laid on the left bank from Kharkov through Sinelnikovo to
Nizhnedneprovsk, and 11 years later a bridge was built across the
Dnieper and a railway station was opened in Yekaterinoslav itself on the
right bank. The Catherine's railway connected the coal mines of Donbass
with the iron ore of Kryvbas, which gave a powerful impetus to the
development of the provincial city and the region as a whole. The
Yekaterinoslav locomotive depot became the largest in the south of the
Russian Empire.
The construction of metallurgical enterprises
began in the west of the city and on the left bank:
1887 -
metallurgical Alexander South-Russian Plant (now - Dneprovsky
Metallurgical Plant);
1889 - pipe plant "Choduar-A";
1891 - Gantke
metallurgical plant (now - Nizhnedneprovsk Pipe Rolling Plant);
1898
- car repair workshops (now - the Dnieper car repair plant);
1899 -
the plant "Choduar-V" (now - "Cominmet");
1914 - the plant
"Choduar-S" (metallurgical equipment, now - "Dneprotyazhmash");
1916
- workshops of turnout products of the Catherine's Railway (now - the
Dnieper turnout plant).
The population of the city, mainly due to
settlers, increased dramatically: if in 1865 the city had 22.8 thousand
people, then in 1897 - already more than 121 thousand. The majority were
Russians (42%), Jews (34%) and Ukrainians (19%)[28]. Yekaterinoslav
became one of the largest industrial centers of the Russian Empire. In
the same year, an electric tram was launched in the city - the third in
the Russian Empire, after Kyiv and Nizhny Novgorod. A number of public,
educational and cultural institutions appeared in Yekaterinoslav.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city continued to grow
rapidly, industry and trade developed, the population grew, which
doubled by 1910 and amounted to 252.5 thousand people. In 1910, a major
exhibition of the southern regions of the Russian Empire, the
Yekaterinoslav Exhibition, was held here. In 1914, the construction of
the second railway bridge across the Dnieper began (completed in 1932).
One of the brightest pages in the history of the city was the life
and work of the Ukrainian historian D. I. Yavornitsky in it. The
scientist published more than 210 works on the history of Ukraine,
Central Asia, and Russia. The main ones are: "History of the
Zaporizhzhya Cossacks" in three volumes, "Sources for the history of the
Zaporizhzhya Cossacks", "In the footsteps of the Cossacks", "On the
history of the steppe Ukraine". Yavornytsky was also a famous
archaeologist, supervising the excavations of hundreds of mounds of the
Yamnaya culture, the Iron Age and the Zaporozhian times. In addition to
scientific historical works, he also wrote a thorough history of the
city.
The scientist gave a lot of strength and energy to the
local historical museum, which he led in 1902-1933. It was founded in
1849 as a museum of antiquities of the Yekaterinoslav province. In 1912,
the collection of A. N. Paul, a Yekaterinoslav collector and local
historian, was transferred to the museum. Conducting archaeological
excavations and expeditions on the territory of the Yekaterinoslav
region, Paul collected more than 5,000 antiquities, which became the
basis of the museum named after him, and later entered the Yavornitsky
Historical Museum.
The great merit of Yavornitsky was that he
collected and introduced into scientific circulation a huge number of
historical sources. Many of them he exhibited in his museum. Yavornitsky
had to spend his own funds on expeditions if he could not collect them
from private individuals. He also has the merit of getting the Soviet
government to carry out major excavations on the territory of the future
Dneproges, thus saving hundreds of priceless historical monuments.
During the civil war, Yekaterinoslav was the scene of battles
between different armies and factions. When the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih
Soviet Republic was separated within a month from the Ukrainian People's
Republic of Soviets proclaimed by the Bolsheviks, the city was part of
it.
After the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in
1918, it was proposed to rename the city to Secheslav, which was
supposed to remind of the Cossack character of the region, but the new
name was not approved, and in fact the city remained with its former
name. The power of the UNR in the city lasted until January 11, 1918
[source not specified 971 days], when, after fierce battles, the city
was taken by superior forces of the Bolshevik troops.
At the end
of March 1918, the Ekaterinoslav Kosh of the Free Cossacks launched an
operation to drive the Bolsheviks out of the city; The detachment was
led by Gabriel Sparrow. The detachment, having occupied Zhovtiye Vody
and Pyatikhatki, on April 4, with the help of German and
Austro-Hungarian troops, occupied Yekaterinoslav.
In 1918, under
Hetman P.P. Skoropadsky, the first university in the city was opened.
This time, the power of the UNR and the Ukrainian state lasted until
December 30, 1918, when the city was first occupied by the troops of N.
I. Makhno. Also April 29 - December 14, 1918 in the city was the
headquarters of the corps - the military district of the 8th
Yekaterinoslav Corps of the Ukrainian State.
On January 2, 1919,
as a result of fierce battles with the Red Army, in which the Ukrainian
rebel detachments of Ataman Malashko and Bozhko took part, the Sich
Riflemen under the command of Ataman Samokosh, who were joined by the
detachment of Ataman Sakva from the Verkhnedneprovsky district, occupied
Yekaterinoslav, pushing the Bolsheviks and Makhnovists to the left bank
. But already on January 26, 1919, units of the Red Army under the
command of P. E. Dybenko again occupied the city.
On June 29,
1919, units of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia entered the city,
and on December 30, 1919, the Red Army occupied the city and finally
established Soviet power here.
On June 9, 1922, in the city of
Yekaterinoslav, on the basis of the order of the commander of the troops
of the Kharkov military district No. 839/926, the formation of the
administration of the 8th rifle corps began. Since June 30, the
formation has continued in Poltava. In June 1924, the administration of
the 7th Rifle Corps moved to the city.
Dnepropetrovsk
On July
20, 1926, the city was renamed Dnepropetrovsk in honor of the Soviet
party and statesman G. I. Petrovsky. During the first five-year plans,
the city was revived and further developed.
From March to June
30, 1941, the administration of the 196th Rifle Division of the 7th
Rifle Corps of the Odessa Military District was formed in the city. The
regiments of the division and corps units were formed in the
Dnepropetrovsk region. On June 30, the division left for the 18th Army
to the town of Rakhna.
On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War
began. On July 30, on the basis of the Dnepropetrovsk artillery advanced
training courses for the command staff of the Red Army, the
Dnepropetrovsk artillery school was created. From August 3, 1941, young
cadets, soldiers - yesterday's schoolchildren and university students of
Dnepropetrovsk - defended the city from German troops. Until October,
the personnel of the school fought in Dnepropetrovsk and Nizhnedneprovsk
(left at the end of September).
On August 25, 1941, after a
fierce defense, Dnepropetrovsk was occupied by German troops. Later, the
city became the center of one of the six districts of the
Reichskommissariat Ukraine, as well as the Dnepropetrovsk city (German:
Kreisgebiet Dnjepropetrowsk-Stadt) and rural (German: Kreisgebiet
Dnjepropetrowsk-Land) district. The occupying power tried to restore the
life of the city, communications and industry, which they could only
partially do.
On October 25, 1943, under the onslaught of the 3rd
Ukrainian Front of the Red Army during the Dnepropetrovsk operation, the
city was liberated from German troops: In Moscow, twenty artillery
salvoes from 224 guns were fired. By order of the Supreme Command, ten
military formations were given the name "Dnepropetrovsk".
After
the war, the Dnieper was restored and again became one of the most
important industrial centers of the USSR - now the largest enterprise in
the rocket and space industry has appeared here - the Southern
Machine-Building Plant and the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau. Pridneprovskaya
GRES was also opened along with the village (later the city)
Pridneprovsk; later - a plant for heavy presses, a tire plant. In 1947,
the city trolleybus line was launched, the electric tram network was
restored and expanded. In the central part of the city in 1966 an
automobile bridge across the Dnieper was built.
In the 1960s,
mass housing construction began, 5-story "Khrushchev" buildings appeared
along Gagarin Avenue, the Pravda newspaper, Titov, Rabochaya and other
streets. ”, “Victory”, “Falcon”, “Solnechny”, “Red Stone”, “Sail”,
“Kommunar” (now - “Pokrovsky”), and in the early 1980s - “Frunzensky”
(now - “Lomovsky” and "Kamensky"), "Levoberezhny", "Krotova".
By
the end of the 1970s, the population of the Dnieper exceeded 1 million
inhabitants, including due to the annexation of the neighboring towns of
Igren and Pridneprovsk. It was decided to build a subway.
On May
20, 1976, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR:
“Noting the active participation of the working people of the city of
Dnepropetrovsk in the revolutionary movement, in the struggle against
the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, for great achievements
in economic and cultural construction, the successful fulfillment of the
tasks of the ninth five-year plan and in in connection with the 200th
anniversary of its founding, the city of Dnepropetrovsk was awarded the
Order of Lenin.
However, due to the crisis that began in the late
1980s, the development of the city slowed down, and the population began
to decline.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city's
industry began to decline, roads, housing and communal services, and
urban transport were in a deplorable state. The crime rate has risen.
In the early 2000s, the city began to get out of the crisis: new
apartment buildings, shopping and entertainment centers were built, and
some streets were repaired.
In 2007-2011, Dnipro was one of the
four Ukrainian cities that were supposed to host the 2012 European
Football Championship. However, due to a number of reasons (the main one
being the unavailability of the Dnepropetrovsk airport), the right to
host tournament matches was transferred to Kharkov, and Dnepropetrovsk
became a spare city.
In 2011-2013, the main thoroughfares of the
city were overhauled, in particular, the Zaporizhzhya highway, the
prospect of the Pravda newspaper, the construction of a bypass road
began, even its first stage was completed - the section between the
Zaporizhzhya and Krivoy Rog highways.
On October 4, 2012, the
grand opening of the new Interpipe-Steel plant (until 2012 - Dneprostal)
of V. M. Pinchuk's Interpipe Corporation took place. According to the
leaders of the Interpipe-Steel corporation, it should become the largest
electric steel-smelting complex in Europe in terms of capacity (1.32
million tons per year of wheel and pipe blanks). Interpipe Steel is the
largest investment project ($700 million) since Ukraine's independence
and the first metallurgical plant built from scratch in Ukraine over the
past 40 years.
During the Euromaidan period in Dnepropetrovsk,
daily protests against Viktor Yanukovych took place on European Square,
and on Sundays at the monument to Valery Chkalov in Globa Park, followed
by a march to Evropeiskaya Square, gathering up to several tens of
thousands of people. Supporters of Yanukovych also held rallies here.
On February 22, 2014, a crowd of activists dismantled the monument
to Lenin that stood on the main square in a few hours without resistance
from the authorities and the police. On the same day, the Dnepropetrovsk
city council, under pressure from protesters, renamed the city's main
square, Lenin Square, into Heroes of Maidan Square.
On March 1,
2014, protests began in the city against the new government. The
protesters gathered on the central square and chanted "Lenin Square!".
People called for the federalization of Ukraine and reunification with
Russia, and also supported the holding of the Crimean referendum.
Further, the protesters moved to the building of the city council, on
the official flagpole of which the flag of Russia and the Ukrainian SSR
was raised. Subsequently, several more similar rallies were held in the
city center, but all of them did not bring any result.
In
2014-2016, other Soviet monuments were dismantled in the city.
In
2015, Rabochaya Street and Mira Avenue were overhauled. At the end of
November, the city government decided to rename a number of streets in
Dnepropetrovsk (in accordance with the requirements of Ukrainian
legislation on decommunization).
The city was one of the main
candidates for hosting the EuroBasket 2015 tournament, however, due to
the difficult political situation in Ukraine, the tournament was moved
to other countries.
On January 29, 2016, the activists dismantled
the monument to Grigory Petrovsky on Vokzalnaya Square.
During
2016, the repair of the main highways of the city was extended, in
particular, the streets of Kalinovaya, Marshal Malinovsky, Bogdan
Khmelnitsky Avenue were repaired.
Dnieper
On May 19, 2016, by
a resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the city was renamed from
Dnipropetrovsk to Dnipro (Ukrainian Dnipro). The decision was made as
part of the decommunization process in Ukraine.
On August 9,
2017, the Informator media center announced the winner of the
competition for the best conceptual idea for the brand of the city of
Dnipro and its logo.
Period of Russian invasion of Ukraine
(2022-2023)
During the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine
(2022-2023), the city was repeatedly shelled by Russian troops. As a
result of rocket fire from the Russian side on January 14, 2023, the
entrance of an apartment building was destroyed.
By August 1, 2019, 996,787 people lived in the city, within the
boundaries of the city council, including the Aviatorskoye urban
settlement - 999,257 people.
As of January 1, 2019, there were
998,103 people living in the city, within the boundaries of the City
Council, including Aviatorskoye - 1,000,576 people; as of January 1,
2018 - 1,000,506 people of the present population, within the boundaries
of the City Council, including Aviatorskoye - 1,002,944 people; as of
January 1, 2016, there were 983,836 people in the city, and 986,258
people in the City Council.
As of November 1, 2015, the
population of the city was 974.341 permanent residents and 984.466
people of the actual population, within the boundaries of the city
council, including the village of Aviatorskoye - 976.755 permanent
residents and 986.887 people of the actual population, respectively.
From 1976 to 2011 Dnipro was a city with a population of over 1
million inhabitants. Having reached 1 million inhabitants in 1976, the
population of the city continued to grow until the collapse of the USSR,
reaching a historical maximum in 1992, when 1,189,900 people lived in
the city itself, after which the population began to decline, with the
exception of 2002, when the previously abolished urban-type settlement
of Taromskoe was included, after which the population of the city with
1,065,008 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census, temporarily
increased by 2003 to 1,069,106 people. Despite this, in 2011 the
population of the city dropped to 1,004,853 people, by 2012 - to 999,577
people, by 2017 - to 976,525 people.
By June 1, 2017, according
to new Ukrstat data, the population in the city again exceeded 1 million
inhabitants: a sharp increase in the population in Dnipro was recorded
from 973,693 inhabitants on May 1 to 1,000,215 inhabitants on June 1,
2017, while from April 1 to 1 In May, the previous trend of decreasing
the number of its population was recorded: from 974.450 inhabitants to
the same 973.693 inhabitants. The indicators were refined by Ukrstat by
updating administrative data on changes in the registration of the place
of residence of persons, including IDPs from Donbass. By February 1,
2018, the population in Dnipro again fell below 1 million inhabitants.
The Yekaterinoslav Jewish community was one of the first to receive
official status in the Russian Empire. Fifteen years after the founding
of the city, in 1791, by the decree of Catherine II "On granting
citizenship to Jews in the Yekaterinoslav governorship and the Tauride
region," Jews were given the opportunity to settle on this land.
In less than one century, the city's Jewish population grew from a small
group of 376 in 1805 to a community of 41,240 in 1897, which then
accounted for 36.3% of the total population. A significant percentage of
the community was wealthy Jews, rich merchants, small traders, artisans,
industrial and port workers lived in the city.
In 1800, the first
wooden synagogue was built in the city, but it subsequently burned down.
In its place, in 1833, a large stone choral synagogue "Golden Rose"
appeared. Before the revolution of 1917, there were 38 synagogues and
prayer houses in the city (according to other sources - 44), which were
created on a professional basis - for example, there were synagogues for
saddlers, tailors and water carriers.
The first stone house in
Yekaterinoslav was built by the merchant Gersh Lutsky (later the city
government was located in this house). The first office for the purchase
of flax was Stieglitz, whose commissioners were the Katzenelson
brothers. Artist Samuel Granovsky (1882), logician and mathematician
Moses Sheinfinkel (1889), film director and screenwriter Mikhail Shapiro
(1908), physicist Naum Manzon (1913), lawyer Dina Kaminskaya (1919) were
born in the city), sculptor Vadim Sidur (1924), psychiatrist Oleg
Vilensky (1931).
On October 16, 2012, the largest Jewish cultural
and business center in the world, the Menorah, was opened in
Dnepropetrovsk. The idea of its creation belonged to businessman Gennady
Axelrod. The project was implemented with the support of the President
of the Dnepropetrovsk Jewish Community, Gennady Bogolyubov, and his
partner, the President of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine, Igor
Kolomoisky, who took over the financing of the project; The Menorah
Center occupied 50,000 m², is located in the heart of the Dnieper and
consists of seven towers, which architecturally symbolize the
traditional Jewish menorah. The highest part of the Menorah is the
central 22-storey tower, 77 meters high. The central synagogue of the
city "Golden Rose" also became a part of the complex. In addition to
business spaces, a kosher restaurant and a library, the Menorah also
houses the Jewish Memory and the Holocaust in Ukraine Museum, one of the
largest museums in the world dedicated to the history of the Shoah in
Ukraine.
Dnipro is one of the largest industrial and economic centers, the
center of metallurgy in Ukraine. Ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and
mechanical engineering, as well as rocket science are especially
developed.
Dnipro is unofficially the business capital of
Ukraine. Most Ukrainian millionaires and billionaires live or have local
roots. According to statistics for 2011, every 1200th Dnepropetrovsk
citizen is a millionaire (for comparison: in Donetsk - every 1700th, and
in Kyiv - 3200th).
The main office of the largest Ukrainian bank,
Privatbank, is located in Dnipro, which was part of the Privat group
owned by Igor Kolomoisky and Gennady Bogolyubov (nationalized in
December 2016). The group directly or indirectly includes more than 100
enterprises in Ukraine and in the world.
Foreign economic
activity is carried out with 130 countries. The export-import turnover
of the Dnieper is 7% of the turnover of Ukraine. The city mainly exports
metallurgical, machine-building, food and chemical products, and imports
natural gas and oil products into the city.
Industry
The basis
of the city's industry is the metallurgical complex. The industry's
products account for 6.9% of the total production of ferrous metallurgy
in Ukraine, in particular: pipes - 51.4%, steel - 5.3%, cast iron - 5%,
rolled products - 4.4%, coke - 4%. The main enterprises of the industry:
open joint-stock companies "Dneprovsky Metallurgical Plant",
"Dneprokoks", the plant of heavy presses "Kominmet", "Dneprovsky Pipe
Plant", a hardware plant, "Nizhnedneprovsky Pipe Rolling Plant",
"Interpipe".
The machine-building and metal-working industry of
the city in the national production of the machine-building complex is
10.5%. The most developed are metallurgical, transport, electrical
engineering, mining and mining, road construction and utilities,
chemical and polymer engineering, and machine tool building. The
industry leaders are: Dneprovsky Machine-Building Plant,
Dneprotyazhmash, Dnepropress, Dneproshina, Dneprovagonremstroy, research
and production association Dneprovsky Electric Locomotive Building
Plant.
The city is the center of rocket science in Ukraine: the
Yuzhmash plant and the Yuzhnoye design bureau are located here;
spacecraft manufactured at Yuzhmash take part in the international Sea
Launch program with the participation of four countries: Ukraine,
Russia, the USA and Norway.
The chemical industry consists of 7
enterprises, products: paints and varnishes, mineral fertilizers, rubber
products for many industries: space, air transport, more than 80 tire
sizes, in particular, large-sized and low-pressure tires for modern
agricultural machinery, which are exported to 30 countries of the world.
The industry's products account for 7.5% of the production volume of the
chemical and petrochemical industry in Ukraine. The light, food and
processing industries are developed.
The food industry is known
for such trademarks as Olena, Bon Boisson, Millennium chocolate,
Rainford dairy factory, Prydneprovsky and Zlagoda dairy plants. In 1937,
the Dnepropetrovsk plant for food concentrates was launched in the city
- the first producer of corn flakes in the USSR. The city produces 5.6%
of Ukraine's food production. In Soviet times, the Dnepropetrovsk
confectionery factory worked in the city, after the collapse of the
USSR, it was transformed into CJSC Dniprovsky Zori[86]. Subsequently, in
2003, the factory became part of the AVK company, and the STIMUL
confectionery factory became the heir to the traditions of the
Dnepropetrovsk confectionery factory.
Transport
Intracity
transport is represented by trolleybus, bus and tram lines, as well as a
developed network of fixed-route taxis.
Since December 29, 1995,
the metro has been operating, then the 1st stage of 6 stations was
commissioned: Kommunarovskaya (now Pokrovskaya), Prospect Svobody,
Zavodskaya, Metallurgists, Metrostroiteley, Vokzalnaya . The total
length of the operated line is 7.9 km. At the moment, there are 3
stations under construction on the 1st metro line from the central
railway station to the city center: "Teatralnaya", "Central" and
"Historical Museum". Their opening is scheduled for 2023.
In the
future, the total length of the first line will be 11.8 km with 9
stations. The development of the metro provides for the construction in
the future of up to 80 km of tracks with three lines.
On city
routes, on average, per day works (2021):
213 trams,
170
trolleybuses,
5 metro trains (3 cars each),
128 buses of large and
medium capacity,
2255 minibuses of small capacity,
1200 passenger
taxis,
The length of the routes is (ring distance):
tram -
176.9 km,
trolleybus - 412.6 km,
subway - 7.9 km,
motor
transport - 2410 km.
Also located in Dnipro are: two passenger
railway stations (Central and South), an international airport, river
and bus stations (central bus station, bus station "New Center", bus
station No. 2 on Bohdan Khmelnitsky Avenue and the bus station "Left
Bank" on Slobozhansky Avenue).
A number of important routes pass
through the city, including M04, E50, H08, H11, H31. The Dnieper is an
important railway junction and the center of the Dnieper railway. The
roads Donbass - Western Ukraine, Kyiv - Crimea, Odessa - Nikolaev -
Kherson - Moscow pass through the city.
On November 11, 2012, the
movement of high-speed electric trains "Intercity +" of the message
Dnepropetrovsk - Kyiv was started. On May 26, 2013, the leadership of
the Ukrainian Railways extended the route of the Kyiv-Dnepropetrovsk
train to Zaporozhye, and the other to Donetsk (since 2014 - to the
Pokrovsk station). Also in the city park. Globy operates a children's
railway.
Dnepr International Airport is located 11 km from the
city center and operates regular flights to Kiev, Vienna, Tel Aviv,
Burgas and Berlin, as well as seasonal flights to Antalya, Sharm
el-Sheikh, Athens, Nicosia and Batumi. The reconstruction of the airport
is planned in the near future.
The city has a river port that
provides river-sea ships with direct international transportation with
access to the Black Sea.
Trade
There are 13,677 trade objects
registered in the city, including 4,210 stores and 1,322 catering
establishments. There are 100 supermarkets in Dnipro, including 4
hypermarkets, 68 shopping centers and 50 large specialized stores. In
addition, 70 markets function on the territory of the city, where more
than 2 thousand tons of agricultural products are sold monthly. In the
first half of 2013, the trade turnover amounted to 244 million hryvnia,
which exceeded the same indicator in 2012 by 31.8 million hryvnia (15%).
About 100,000 buyers visit the city's markets every day.
The
central market of the Dnieper - "Ozerka", located on the street.
Schmidt. Until the 1880s, there was a lake on this site. On April 16,
1885, the city council of Yekaterinoslav allowed several townspeople to
build wooden butcher shops on Ozernaya Square. Over time, the waters of
the lake were diverted to the territory of the city garden, expanding
the reservoir that already existed there. On the resulting square,
trading rows of the city bazaar, called Ozerny, grew up.
In 1993,
the ATB-Market network was founded in Dnipro - now one of the largest in
the country.
Amur (old) bridge, bridge No. 1 - built by 1884. Two-tier
railway-automobile, tram line (since 1935). Bridge length: 1395 m, with
approaches 2397 m, width 15.5 m. It connects the station area with the
left-bank part of the city. In 1977, the understudy of the railway
bridge, Bridge No. 5, was put into operation.
The central (new)
bridge, bridge No. 2 is an automobile bridge connecting the city center
with the left-bank part (exit to Slobozhansky Prospekt). It was opened
on November 5, 1966 under the name of the bridge named after the 50th
anniversary of the Great October Revolution; its length was 1478 m,
width 21 m. It was built on the site of a wooden bridge built by the
soldiers of the Soviet army in 1944. This bridge has long been the
longest in Ukraine. On July 12, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky
argued with the head of the Dnieper that if the bridge is not completed
by September 14, then head Boris Filatov will resign, the bridge was
completed.
The Merefa-Kherson railway bridge is the very first bridge
built in the form of an arc. The first supports were erected in 1914,
but construction was completed only in 1932. This bridge is now one of
the most unique structures in Ukraine.
Kaydak bridge - opened on
November 10, 1982. Length 1732 m, 3-lane traffic in both directions. On
December 17, 1996, a tram was launched in its center. It connects the
western regions of the right bank with the left bank and the route to
Kharkov and Donetsk.
The South ("humped") bridge was built in stages
from 1982 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2000. Opened in December 2000. The
name of the bridge - “humpbacked” is due to the fact that the right-bank
part of the bridge is lower than its left-bank part, which is why there
was a difference in height in the central part of the bridge structure.
The length is 1248 meters, the width is 22 m. It connects the
Pridneprovsk residential area directly with the right bank (Pobeda
residential area).
Ust-Samarsky bridge - automobile. Built in 1981.
It connects Pridneprovsk, Chapli and Igren with the left bank.
Samara
(Igrensky) bridge - automobile (built in 1957) and railway (commissioned
in 1873). It connects Rybalsky, Ksenievka and Igren with the left-bank
part of the city.
Evpatoria overpass - automobile through the beam -
connects Bogdan Khmelnitsky Avenue with the residential area "Poplar"
and Zaporizhzhya highway.
Pedestrian bridge to Monastery Island.
In total, in addition to the mentioned 3 medium bridges (over the
railway), 20 small bridges, 18 viaducts and overpasses, 12 underpasses
in the Dnieper.
By 2026 and in the future, it is planned to build new
bridge crossings across the Dnieper: Pavlovsky and east of
Merefo-Kherson.
There are 26 hospitals for 6520 beds, five for children. The network of outpatient clinics includes 25 independent outpatient clinics and 119 outpatient departments, 12 primary care centers, 5 clinics and 7 dentists. This is the place of work for 4.5 thousand doctors and more than 7 thousand junior specialists.
Education in the Dnieper is carried out in 163 educational
institutions. In 2010, they enrolled 80,000 students, including almost
9,000 in the 1st grade. 173 kindergartens, 39 out-of-school
institutions, 6 orphanages have been opened. 30,000 children are taught
in preschool institutions.
In 2008, the All-Ukrainian Mathematics
Olympiad was held in Dnepropetrovsk. In 2009, the city hosted the
semi-finals of the All-Ukrainian Student Programming Olympiad (eastern
region). In 2006, 2011 and 2012, the All-Ukrainian Olympiad in
Informatics was held in the city.
The system of higher
educational institutions in Dnipro unites 38 universities, 14 - IV and
III, as well as 22 - I and II levels of accreditation. The first
university of the city is the Yekaterinoslav Higher Mining School,
opened on September 30 (October 12), 1899. In the ranking of
universities "Top-200 - Ukraine", the National Mining University (now
"Dniprovska Polytechnic") took 7th place, and Oles Honchar Dnipro
National University - 9th. In total, more than 100 thousand students
study at the city's universities.
Universities
Dnipro National
University named after Oles Gonchar,
National Technical University
"Dniprovska Polytechnic",
University of Customs and Finance,
Dnipro National University of Railway Transport,
Ukrainian State
University of Chemical Technology,
Dnepropetrovsk State University of
Internal Affairs,
Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University,
Dnipro Humanitarian University
Alfred Nobel University.
institutions
Dnepropetrovsk Institute of the Interregional Academy of
Personnel Management,
Dnepropetrovsk Regional Institute of Public
Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under
the President of Ukraine,
State Institute for Training and Retraining
of Industrial Personnel,
Dneprovsky Medical Institute of Traditional
and Alternative Medicine,
Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after Zot Nekrasov.
Academies
National Metallurgical
Academy of Ukraine,
Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering
and Architecture,
Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of
Health of Ukraine,
Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and
Sports,
Interregional Academy of Business and Law.
According
to the Regulations of 2019, there are 7 libraries in Dnipro (the largest
of which is the Dnipro Regional Universal Scientific Library named after
the first teachers of the Slavic Cyril and Methodius), 223 schools, 33
institutions of vocational education, 805 various courses, 28 music
schools, 346 institutions of preschool education, 38 sports schools, 11
orphanages, 83 driving schools, etc.
Since 1974, the city has operated an opera and ballet theater, a
regional philharmonic society, a regional branch of the Union of
Composers, and a music school (opened at the beginning of the 20th
century).
Every year the city hosts the festivals "Jazz on the
Dnieper", "Dnieper Dawns", "Music Without Borders", etc.
There
are 2 drama theaters in Dnipro: Dnipropetrovsk Drama Theater named after
Taras Shevchenko and Dnepropetrovsk Drama and Comedy Theater. There are
also 5 palaces of culture and the Dnepropetrovsk House of Organ and
Chamber Music. The most famous theaters in the city:
Dnipropetrovsk
Academic Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater named after Taras Shevchenko,
Dnepropetrovsk Academic Theater of Drama and Comedy,
Dnepropetrovsk
Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre,
Dnipro Municipal Youth Theater "We
Believe!",
Dnepropetrovsk Regional Academic Ukrainian Youth Theatre,
Dnepropetrovsk City Puppet Theatre,
youth avant-garde theater "Zhui"
house of organ and chamber music,
children's musical theater "Golden
Key",
theater of one actor "Scream" by Mikhail Melnik,
theater KVN
DGU,
Dnepropetrovsk Philharmonic,
Dnipro State Circus.
Museums
The largest museum in the city and one of the largest in
Ukraine is the Dnepropetrovsk Historical Museum. Dmitry Yavornitsky.
Among the unique exhibits of the museum: Polovtsian "women", the
Kernosovsky idol and a collection of Cossack antiquities. Other
divisions are the museum of local government, the diorama "Battle for
the Dnieper" - the largest diorama in Ukraine and the second largest in
Europe. On the square in front of the diorama is a collection of Soviet
military equipment from the 1940s.
The Art Museum keeps a
collection of objects of Russian, Ukrainian, European and Soviet art of
the 17th - early 20th centuries. Also in the city are located: the
memorial house-museum of Dmitry Yavornitsky, the Literary Dnieper region
museum, the museum of coins of Ukraine, the museum center of H. P.
Blavatsky and her family, the Dnepropetrovsk Folk Museum of the History
of the Police, etc.
Day of the city
City Day has been held
since the 1970s. In 2001, the charter of the city was adopted, which
approved the official date of the city day - the second Sunday of
September. On this day, festive events are held throughout the city:
sports competitions, festivals, exhibitions, concerts, fairs, etc.
Traditionally, the festivities end on the embankment with festive
fireworks.
Art objects
"Dnepropetrovsk Sunrise" is an
installation by the world-famous artist Olafur Eliasson on the territory
of the Interpipe-Stal electric steel-smelting complex. Artificial sun 60
meters high. Illuminated from within during the hours of dawn and dusk,
it looks like a constantly rising or setting star.
On the street
of the 6th Infantry Division, in the area of Slava Square, there is
the “Tsoi Wall” - a graffiti complex dedicated mainly to Viktor Tsoi.
Near the main building of the Dnipro National University on Gagarin
Avenue, 72, the installation "Lectorium" with an area of 600 m² was
installed, which consists of 17 coral-colored metal chairs, more than 3
meters high. The author of the project, Nikita Shalenny, in
collaboration with Max Goldin, implemented it for the 100th anniversary
of the university.
Dnipro is the center of the dioceses of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. A large diocesan center of the
Dnepropetrovsk and Pavlograd diocese of the UOC was built in the city.
The cathedral is the Holy Trinity Cathedral. Since 1998, the publication
"Dnepropetrovsk Diocesan Gazette", published since 1872 under the name
"Ekaterinoslav Diocesan Gazette", has been resumed.
Catherine of
Alexandria is considered to be the patron saint of the Dnieper.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Catherine was built after the
organization of the German Lutheran community in Yekaterinoslav in 1852.
On the corner of Levanevsky Street and Sergey Nigoyan Avenue there is an
Armenian temple "Ojah-vardui".
Among the most famous religious
buildings of the city are the Orthodox Exaltation of the Cross Church,
the temple in honor of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God, the St.
Nicholas Church, the Holy Intercession Church and the Roman Catholic
Church of St. Joseph, built in 1877.
Ever since tsarist times,
the Jewish community has played an outstanding role in the life of the
city - according to the 1897 census, the share of Jews in the population
of Yekaterinoslav was 35% or 40,000 people. Despite the fact that in
2001 the share of Jews in the city's population was only 0.4% (13.7
thousand people, according to Chabad - 50 thousand people), their
influence on the life of the city can hardly be overestimated: among the
members of the Jewish community rich people of Dnipro and Ukraine,
influential businessmen, in particular, Igor Kolomoisky, Gennady
Bogolyubov, Viktor Pinchuk. In 2012, the world's largest Jewish center
"Menorah" was opened in the city center with an area of 122,000 m².
Since 1997, a Buddhist community of the Kagyu direction (Ole
Nydahl's group) has been functioning in Dnipro.
Since 1983, there
has been a community of Vaishnavas (Krishnaites).
The first cemetery in Yekaterinoslav was opened in 1786 in the area
where the Dnepr-Arena stadium is now located - it was a huge array of
burials. But in 1936 it was destroyed.
After the closure of the
first cemetery, the so-called “At the fork” became the central one in
the city - in the area of the current park named after. Pisarzhevsky.
But it was also closed and destroyed in the 1970s. Only three graves
were preserved: a vast military necropolis - 2,076 soldiers of the Red
Army, the grave of the famous Dnepropetrovsk architect Alexander
Krasnoselsky (1877-1944) and the grave of academician L. V. Pisarzhevsky
(1874-1938).
From 1957 to this day, the main cemetery of the city
is Zaporizhzhya - at the exit from the city along the Zaporizhzhya
highway. It is there that the most famous people of the city are buried:
scientists, athletes, cultural figures, politicians, etc. In the last
years of the existence of the Soviet Union, famous citizens were also
buried at the Sursko-Litovsk cemetery. This is a huge area of burials
with an area of about 50 hectares. The necropolis was founded in the
early 1970s at the southern end of the Sursko-Litovsk highway (now
Bohdan Khmelnitsky Avenue). Currently, both of these cemeteries are
semi-closed.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the opening of new
cemeteries began in the city - this is how the Krasnopolskoye,
Novo-Igrenskoye and Novo-Klochkovskoye cemeteries appeared. It is at the
Krasnopolsky cemetery that since 2014 the soldiers of the Armed Forces
of Ukraine who died in the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine have been
buried.
The Dnipro football team was founded in 1918 and has won the USSR
championship twice (in 1983 and 1988) and the USSR Cup in 1989. Dnipro
was the silver medalist of the Ukrainian Championship in the seasons
1992/1993, 2013/2014, 7 times bronze medalist, which is a record. The
main achievement in European tournaments for the "blue-white-blues" was
reaching the final of the Europa League 2014/2015, in which the team
lost to the Spanish "Seville" (2:3). In 2018, due to financial problems,
the club was deprived of professional status, and a year later, it
actually ceased to exist. In 2017, the Dnepr-1 sports club was founded,
which now plays in the Premier League.
The first stadium in the
city was the Sokol sports ground, where the matches of the
Yekaterinoslav football championship were held. In the 1920s, the games
also began to be held at the Dynamo stadium in the current park named
after. Shevchenko. The first large stadium was the Stal Stadium (later
Metallurg), opened in 1939. In 1966, the Meteor stadium was opened. The
new stadium "Dnepr-Arena" was opened on the site of the former stadium
"Metallurg" in 2008. In addition, the city has the Dnepropress,
Lokomotiv, Montazhnik, Slavutich, Labor Reserves and other stadiums, as
well as the large Meteor sports complex, numerous swimming pools and
several year-round ice rinks. In winter, the Lavina ski resort operates
in Tunnelnaya Balka.
The city hosted the 2009 Ukrainian Football
Cup Final, in which Vorskla Poltava beat Shakhtar Donetsk 1-0. On May 9,
2018, the Dnipro Arena stadium hosted the Cup final for the second time,
in which Shakhtar Donetsk beat Dynamo Kyiv 2-0. Also, the Ukrainian
national team played four times in the city.
Basketball club
"Dnipro" is the champion of the Ukrainian Super League in the 2015-2016
season. (an alternative tournament that was not held under the auspices
of the Basketball Federation of Ukraine and did not have an official
status), two-time winner of the Super League Cup, three-time winner of
the Ukrainian Cup.
Water polo club "DNU-Dnepr" performs in the
championship of Ukraine among men. The name of the club was given from
the University named after Oles Gonchar, the pool of which is a sports
base for the club. In 2012, the club received professional status.
Rugby club "Dnepr" plays in the major league, also known as SC
"Dnepropetrovsk missiles".
Also based in the city: hockey clubs
"Pridneprovsk" and "Dneprovsky wolves", the beach football club
"Choice", the sports rowing club "Tamerlan", the children's and youth
sports club "Olympic", the school of Cossack martial art "Spas-storm",
etc.
Dnepropetrovsk Aviation Sports Club is based at the airfield
Kamenka. The club trains pilots, glider pilots and parachutists. On the
basis of the club, gatherings of national teams in gliding sports of the
USSR and Ukraine, competitions in aviation sports were repeatedly held,
new gliding equipment was tested. Among the most famous pilots of the
city are Maria Dolina, Anatoly Brandys, Georgy Parshin.
The socio-political publications of the Dnipropetrovsk region
include: the newspapers Vesti Pridneprovya, Event, Citizen, Dniprovska
Pravda, Komsomolskaya Pravda-Dnepr, Nashe Misto, Litsa, Popular
Newspaper, and also one of the oldest and popular newspapers in the
region - Dnepr Vecherniy. For 95 years the Zarya newspaper has been
published in the region. In total, there are 45 various newspapers and
magazines in Dnipro.
There are TV channels of regional and
satellite broadcasting - Channel 9, Channel 11, Nobel TV, Channel 34,
Channel 41, UA: Dnipro, UNIAN TV Dnipro, IRT, OTV ”, “D1”, “DniproTV”,
“Vidkrity”, “Unpack TV”, “Vozrozhdeniye”, “English club TV”, “Classical
harmony”.
On the territory of the city within the radio
frequencies of the FM band, 24 all-Ukrainian and regional radio stations
broadcast their broadcasts:
Light radio "Emmanuel" 70.37 MHz
Ukrainian radio / Ukrainian radio Dnepr 87.5 MHz
Radio "Culture" 88.1
MHz
Radio Relax 88.5 MHz
Radio Jazz 89.3 MHz
Stmilnoe radio
"Pepper FM" 89.7 MHz
Melody FM 90.1 MHz
Radio ROKS 90.5 MHz
City FM 90.9 MHz
Radio HB 91.4 MHz
Autoradio 92.9MHz
Lux FM
100.5 MHz
Radio Bayraktar 101.1 MHz
Radio Friday 101.5 MHz
Hit
FM 102.0 MHz
Europe Plus 102.5 MHz
Our radio is 102.9 MHz
DJ FM
103.3 MHz
Power FM 104.0 MHz
Radio "Promin" 104.8 MHz
Radio
Chanson 105.3 MHz
"Just Radio 105.8 MHz
Krajina FM 106.4 MHz
Kiss FM 106.8 MHz
Informant FM 107.3 MHz
Maximum FM 107.7 MHz