Donetsk as of 2018 is controlled and is the capital of the Donetsk
People's Republic, respectively, is not controlled by the authorities of
Ukraine. As of 2022, located in the frontline zone and under fire from
artillery, being in Donetsk can be dangerous.
Donetsk is a
metropolis in the Donbass, in the past a major industrial, scientific
and cultural center. It is an industrial but very green city. Even in
the most dusty areas, there are always squares or ponds where you can
relax, in the center there are many boulevards that will be remembered
by everyone who was there. And thanks to the huge number of roses
planted in parks and squares, in flowerbeds and just along the roads,
Donetsk received a poetic nickname - "the city of a million roses."
Lenin Square is considered the center of the city. Here is the
monument of the leader, the city fountain.
Other monuments of the
era of monumentalism in the city: Artyom (crossing of Artem St. and Mira
Ave.), Shevchenko (crossing of Shevchenko Blvd. and Artyom St.), “Glory
to Mining Labor” (Shakhterskaya Square), the monument “To Your
Liberators, Donbass” ( musical park)
Parks and squares
Donetsk
Botanical Garden, 110 Ilyich Ave. (On the Makeevskoe Highway, parallel
to the Bogodukhovskaya gully). ☎ 294-12-80, 294-70-58. The largest
botanical garden in Europe - 262 hectares. The collection contains a
very large number of varieties of roses, hyacinths, tulips, irises,
peonies and other flowers. There are 5 greenhouses with exotic plants.
City Garden. Founded in the 19th century, it is considered the very
first park in Donetsk.
Central Park of Culture and Leisure.
Shcherbakov. Founded in 1932. The total area is 96 hectares, of which 36
hectares are the area of two ponds. More than 30 thousand rose bushes
grow in the park. Amusements work.
Forged Figures Park (Behind the
city administration building). Opened in 2001. Every year a
blacksmithing festival is held in Donetsk, and the works of the winners
are installed in the park. Now more than 100 forged figures have been
installed - "Roses of Donetsk", "Storks", "Horseshoe", "Arbor for
lovers", "Fly-Tsokotuha", etc.
Sculpture Park "Ukrainian Steppe" (On
Pushkin Boulevard). Opened in 2006. There are 11 sculptures on the
territory - people, animals, abstractions. Presented by Ukrainian and
German participants of the First International Symposium on Stone
Sculpture.
Museums
Donetsk Museum of Local Lore , Chelyuskintsev St., 189-A.
✉ ☎ (062) 311-48-63. 🕑 Wednesday - Sunday from 09.00 to 16.00, day off:
Monday, Tuesday.
Republican Art Museum, blvd. Pushkin, 35. ☎ +38(062)
304-83-03; (093) 312-17-22. 9.00 - 17.00 (Mon and Tue - days off). The
permanent exhibition includes works by Aivazovsky, Benois, Vasnetsov,
Grabar, Dou, Kiprensky, Polenov, Savrasov, Serov, Surikov, Falk,
Shishkin and others. In addition, works by masters from Italy, Holland,
France, Spain, Poland, works of ancient applied art .
Museum of the
History and Development of the Donetsk Railway, st. Artyomovskaya, 47. ☎
(0622)99-38-46. For free. The exposition is located in the former depot
building of the Yuzovo station. Exhibited 25 units of rare rolling
stock, technical exhibits and household items.
Museum of the history
of the Donetsk police, st. Gorky, 61. ☎ (062) 301-86-83. For free.
Located in the building of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs of the region. The museum has three rooms. The first is
dedicated to the activities of the police during the Great Patriotic
War, the second - to the activities of the police from the end of the
war to the present, the third exhibits souvenirs donated to policemen
and policemen from other countries.
Museum of the Jewish Heritage of
Donbass. Created by the Donetsk Jewish Community Center.
Museum of
the history of the Donetsk metallurgical plant.
Museum "Unconquered
Donbass". Folk Museum, created by enthusiasts.
Museum of the History
of FC Shakhtar. In 2010, a museum was opened in the building of the
Donbass Arena, which is distinguished by its innovativeness. In 2012 the
museum was nominated in the prestigious European Museum of the Year
competition. This is the first time that a Ukrainian museum has been
nominated for an international award of this level.
Exhibition Center
"Art-Donbass", st. Chelyuskintsev, 189-K (near the monument "To Your
Liberators, Donbass"). ☎ (062) 332-73-85 - exhibition hall, (062)
332-73-84 - management. 🕑 from 10.00 to 18.00 hours, without a break.
day off - Monday. Opened in 2011.
Theaters
National Academic
Ukrainian Music and Drama Theatre, st. Artema, 74. ✉ ☎ (062) 305-32-66.
Dramatic performances in Russian and Ukrainian. Classical and modern
works. It has 5 stages: large, small, experimental, theatrical living
room and summer area.
National Opera and Ballet Theatre. Anatoly
Solovyanenko, st. Artyoma, 82.. ✉ ☎ (062) 338-09-69; fax: (062)
305-04-73. Opera and ballet productions of both world classics and
modern productions.
Academic Regional Puppet Theatre, 18 Illich Ave.
☎ (062) 295-97-48, 295-72-85.
Regional Philharmonic, st. Postysheva,
117. ☎ (062) 335-71-54 (cash desk), 305-50-31. One of the largest
concert organizations in Ukraine.
Cinemas
Cinema them. T.G.
Shevchenko. One of the symbols of Donetsk, at the time of opening it was
the first multiplex cinema in Ukraine.
Multiplex "Donetsk-City".
Multiplex "Golden Ring".
Cinema Palace "Asterisk".
Cinema
"Kino-Kult". with 3D room
Cinema "Donbass"
Cinema "Pervomaisky".
Cinema "MIR".
Miscellaneous
Digital planetarium, st. Artema,
46-B (square "Falcon"). ✉ ☎ 8 (062) 304-45-93. Equipment has been
installed that allows demonstrating video in a full-dome format, which,
together with surround sound, makes it possible to achieve a high level
of realism. The planetarium constantly shows full-dome films of world
producers, as well as films produced by the planetarium itself. The main
topics of the full-dome content of the institution are astronomy,
cosmology, natural sciences, a small percentage is also occupied by
entertainment and entertainment content. You can participate in
telescope observations of the planets of the solar system, the Sun and
other objects available for observation within the city. It is currently
one of two digital stationary planetariums in the country.
City
exhibition complex "Aquarium", Mayakovskogo Ave., 23. ☎ (062) 335-13-26.
There are fish, snakes, turtles, crocodiles - more than 100 species in
total.
State Circus "Cosmos", Leninsky Ave., 2. ☎ (062) 266-51-89,
266-41-01.
Small Donetsk railway., Park them. Lenin Komsomol.. ☎
(062) 319-39-75, 319-39-72. The road is childish: all drivers,
conductors, announcers and cashiers are children studying in the Young
Railwayman circle. The length of the route is 2 km, there are two
stations (Shakhtyorskaya and Pionerskaya). Valid from May to September.
Water park "Aquasferra", Park of culture and recreation. A. S.
Shcherbakova. One of the largest indoor water parks in the world. An
important advantage of the water park is that it has both open and
closed water zones. There are 8 slides, attractions, a swimming pool, a
jacuzzi and an entertainment area.
Stadiums
Stadium "Donbass
Arena", st. Chelyuskintsev, 189s. ☎ (062) 388-88-83. Modern stadium,
built in 2006-2009. Included in the list of 10 best stadiums in the
world. Currently nationalized and managed by the Ministry of Youth,
Sports and Tourism of the DPR. Sports events are not held.
Metallurg
Stadium, st. Kuibyshev, 25a. ☎ (062) 385-04-88. The oldest stadium in
Donetsk, located in the historical part of the city. It has one of the
best lawns in the DPR.
Shakhtar Stadium. ☎ (062) 332-26-34,
332-26-54. For free.
RSK "Olympic", st. Chelyuskintsev, a quarter
between Mira Ave. and Titov Ave. ☎ (062)335-63-83. For free.
The following festivals take place:
International
Festival of Musical Art "Prokofiev's Spring"
International Jazz
Festival "Jazz Forum"
International Festival of Contemporary Song
"Donetsk Gems"
International Festival of Piano Art "Piano Forum"
International festival of guitar art "Crystal strings"
Festival of
Musical Art "Blagovest"
World Ballet Stars
Blacksmithing Festival
in Donetsk 2019: A real mystery of fire and metal took place in the Park
of Forged Figures
Big Donbass
Republican fantasy festival "Stars
over Donbass"
By bus
Donetsk is connected by bus to all populated areas of the
Donetsk region, the largest centers of Ukraine, near and far abroad. The
majority of regional flights in the southern direction are served by the
"Pivdenny" bus station, regional flights in the northern direction and
international flights in the 2000s were served by the "Putilivskyi" bus
station, which was also marked "Donetsk-3". At the end of April 2011,
the first phase of the new Zahidniy bus station replaced the Putylivskyi
bus station. The construction of the second stage of the bus station has
already begun, it is planned to be completed by 2012
In Donetsk, a network of urban road transport and electric transport is widely developed. To ensure the proper transportation of passengers, the city operates 4 bus parks, in which there are more than 600 buses; 2 trolleybus and 2 tram depots with a rolling stock fleet of more than 480 units. The total length of highways in the city is 180 km; trolleybus tracks — 139 km; tram tracks — 130 km. A subway is also being built.
Cheap
DonMak, blvd. Shevchenko, 6b. Fast food chain.
Average cost
Coffee house "Majorelle", st. Vatutina, 19. ☎ +380 (62)
304-44-52. 12:00-24:00. This is not a coffee shop, but an eclectic
oriental restaurant with dishes from different countries and sofas
instead of chairs. There is meat, poultry, branded salads, hookah, good
coffee. Free WiFi.
Night life
In connection with the
hostilities in Donetsk and the rest of the territory of the DPR, there
is a single curfew time - from 23:00 to 05:00. Violators may be
detained.
Cheap
Aurora, st. Yugoslavskaya, 36-a. ☎ 310-15-95, 310-15-96.
Economy, st. 50 years of the USSR, 144/4. ☎ 381-76-86.
Average cost
John Hughes, st. Chelyuskintsev, 157. ☎ 381-08-48.
The furnishings are in the English style, the walls are decorated
with photographs from the collection of the founder of Donetsk, John
Hughes (Yuz).
Atlas, blvd. Shevchenko, 20. ☎ 381-79-79.
Dominic, st. Artem, 142-a. ☎ 258-84-43, 258-93-35.
Eva, st.
Shchorsa, 29 (District of the regional administration). ☎ 348-48-48.
Spanish courtyard, 12 B. Khmelnitsky Ave. ☎ 385-47-51, 385-47-52,
385-47-53 Founded by the honored worker of arts, blacksmith Viktor
Burdyuk. The interior has a large amount of wrought iron.
Expensive
Donbass Palace, st. Artema, 80. ☎ 343-43-33. This
five-star hotel claims to be the "Best Hotel in Ukraine" and at the
same time is the most expensive hotel in the country. Included in
the top 100 hotels according to the World Travel Awards and in the
international association "Great Hotels of the World".
Victoria,
Mira Ave. 14-a.
Park Inn (former "Kyiv"), blvd. Pushkin, 4.
Shakhtar Plaza, st. Titova, 15.
Europe, Panfilov Ave., 86a.
Prague, st. Dubravnaya, 101/103. ☎ 381-11-66, 381-11-77.
Legion,
st. Hovnatanyan, 16a (District of the Trade Institute). ☎ 385-95-65.
Only 4 rooms.
There is a mobile operator DNR "Phoenix". The signal of the Ukrainian operator "MTS", the Russian operator "MegaFon" (in roaming) is received.
Donetsk is a front-line city. There is a curfew at night, after 23:00
the movement of vehicles and citizens is prohibited, violators of the
regime are detained and taken to the military commandant's office for
identification. If you don’t have time to get to the place by the
deadline, then it’s good to have documentary evidence of the reasons for
being at the wrong time - for example, in the form of a bus ticket -
this will make life much easier. Also, do not once again wander through
the wastelands and in the destroyed buildings - you can run into an
unworked ammunition or mine and lose your life. Unfortunately, there
have been such cases.
If you are stopped by patrolmen or any
other persons "on duty", take it calmly. They are very friendly and just
do their job. The city lives under the laws of war, so no illegal
actions are tolerated here. By the way, this fact dramatically improved
the criminogenic situation in the city, reducing crime to almost zero.
Since 1869, the city has been called Yuzovka (also found on maps is
Yuzovo) in honor of its founder, businessman John Hughes.
On
April 22, 1924, by decision of the All-Russian Central Executive
Committee, the city of Yuzovka was given the name Stalin (from the word
steel in order to perpetuate the memory of the leader of the USSR,
chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR Vladimir
Lenin, who died in January), since 1929, as a result of the
indigenization policy - Stalino (however, in Russian-language documents
he often continued be called Stalin).
On November 9, 1961, the
city of Stalino was renamed Donetsk.
There is a version, first
heard in Vladimir Uspensky's novel "The Privy Advisor to the Leader",
that in 1923 the city was called Trotsk in honor of Leon Trotsky for
several months, but it has no documentary evidence.
The geographical coordinates of Donetsk are 48° north latitude and
37° 48′ east longitude. Timezone - UTC+3
The line of demarcation
of forces in the Donbass runs along the northern and western suburbs of
the city.
The total area of Donetsk is 385 km². The length of the
city from north to south is 38 km. The length from east to west is 55
km. Together with nearby cities, Donetsk is part of the Donetsk
agglomeration, the largest industrial hub of Ukraine. Agglomeration with
a population of 1720 thousand people. is a zone of inextricable
development - the border between Donetsk and Makeevka runs along the
street. The city is located in the central part of Donbass, south of the
Donetsk Ridge. Donetsk is located in the steppe zone, in the upper
reaches of the Kalmius River and is surrounded by small forests, hills,
rivers and lakes.
At a distance of 95 km south of Donetsk is the
Sea of Azov. There are 2 reservoirs in Donetsk - the Nizhnekalmius
reservoir (62+38 ha, located on the Kalmius River) and the Donetsk Sea
(138 ha). 4 rivers flow through the city: Kalmius, Bakhmutka
(Skomoroshina) (23 km), Asmolovka (Durnaya) (13 km), Cherepashkina. 125
waste heaps have been piled up in Donetsk.
Yuzovsky (Donetsk)
drawbridge - a project of the USSR
In 1949, the party committee
of the Ukrainian SSR presented for the first time a project for the
automation of a drawbridge in the city of Donetsk (Ukrainian SSR), work
on which began in the fall of 1950. Pilot tests took place on October
19, 1950, after the introduction of special reinforced beams and a block
mechanism, which required the replacement of more than 80% of the
concrete component of the entire bridge. In the post-war years, access
to the city management committee (since 1991 - the city administration
of Donetsk) was blocked, so the automatic bridge project was supposed to
solve the issue of transporting asbestos using ferries and a cargo barge
on the Kalmius River.
The average annual temperature is +9 °C. At the beginning of the 21st
century, several unusually warm years were noted, the average annual
temperature was: +10.3 °C in 2007, +9.3 °C in 2008, and +10.4 °C in
2010.
The climate in Donetsk is temperate continental. The
average monthly air temperature in January is −4 °C, in July +23 °C. The
absolute minimum air temperature of −31 °C was recorded on January 11,
1950, the absolute maximum was observed on July 18, 2021 and amounted to
+41 °C. In winter, northeast and east winds dominate, in summer -
northwest and west winds. Precipitation falls on average 493 mm per
year. It is characterized by hot and dry summers and changeable,
sometimes cold winters.
Warm weather sets in from mid-April and
lasts for 170-180 days. The period without frost is on average 190-200
days. Summer in Donetsk is characterized by high air temperature,
droughts and sharp changeable winds.
The first frosts appear in
November, the month is windy, sometimes with frosts and snowfalls, but
the snow rarely stays for more than one or two days. In the cold season,
the Asian anticyclone prevails. The weather is unstable, since the flat
terrain contributes to the free movement of the Atlantic, Arctic and
continental air masses, frosts are often replaced by thaws. The average
air temperature in winter is most often in the range from 0 ° C to -10 °
C.
Eastern, southeastern and northeastern winds prevail in
Donetsk in winter, western and northwestern winds prevail in summer,
south winds are rare. The average monthly wind speed in Donetsk in
October - April is 6.1 m/s, in May - September - 4.4 m/s, the maximum
recorded wind speed (at the airport) is 34 m/s. When the north and
northeast winds blow in winter, the temperature in the region can drop
below -20 °C at night; in summer, with the winds of these directions, it
becomes autumnally cold in the city. East and southeast winds bring dry
winds in summer.
The temperate continental climate of Donetsk is
characterized by low air humidity throughout the year.
Winter.
Climatic winter comes to the city around mid-December, when the average
air temperature becomes steadily below zero. A stable snow cover can lie
down noticeably later. Winters are usually mild, with occasional thaws
and cold spells.
Climatic winter in the city lasts approximately
80-90 days (from mid-December to late February). In severe winters,
however, winter can last noticeably longer, and in warm ones, much less.
In recent years, the winter months account for 20-30 days with thaws
from 0 to +7 °C. In 2007, there were 74 days with positive temperatures.
The coldest months are January and February, with an average temperature
of -3.7 and -2.3 °C. January 2007 was abnormally warm at +1.5 °C. A
surprise was presented by winter in Donetsk in December 2009, so, in a
little more than 24 hours (from the evening of December 16 to the end of
the day on December 17), a huge amount of precipitation fell in the form
of snow, the height of the snow cover in places reached 1 m, traffic in
the city I was paralyzed for almost a week.
Spring. Spring in the
city comes early, usually by the end of February - beginning of March.
The snow cover may, however, disappear long before this date. In
mid-March, the first flowers appear, by the end of March - early April,
night frosts disappear, and by mid-April, active growth of trees begins.
But even at the end of March, freezing temperatures and snow are
possible. By mid-May, the real summer heat begins with daytime
temperatures above +30 °C. The warmest April was in 1975 with an average
temperature of +14.0 °C. The warmest May was in 2013 +20.5 °C. The
spring of 2012 was also abnormally warm. March did not please with
warmth, but April with an average temperature of +13.6 ° C and May with
an average temperature of +19.5 ° C were close to record warm for all
the years of observation,
Summer. Climatically, summer begins in the
city in early May. Typically, summer in the city is characterized by
very hot, dry weather, precipitation usually occurs in the form of
intense and powerful thunderstorms. The maximum temperature in the city
was +38 °C in 2010, and heat above +28 °C is possible from June to
September. Summer lasts approximately until the end of September -
beginning of October (130-140 days). However, in hot years, summer can
last almost half a year from mid-April to early October. The hottest
July in Donetsk was +25.4°C in 2010, and the coldest in 1976 +17.8°C.
The hottest August was in 2010 +26.3 °C.
Autumn. September is still a
summer month. October and November are characterized by little sunshine
and are the darkest months of the year. This is due not only to the low
position of the Sun above the horizon, but almost without exception,
cloudy weather. This is due to the high intensity of westerly winds
carrying moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. The first frosts occur at the
end of October, the first snow may fall in early November, although it
rarely lasts more than one or two days. The foliage from the trees
completely falls off by the middle - the end of November. The absolute
maximum in October was recorded on October 3, 1999 +21 °C. The warmest
November was in 2010 with an average temperature of +10.6 °C.
The development of lands in the Donetsk region was started by the Cossacks of the Don Cossack Army and the Zaporozhian Cossacks in the 17th century.
In 1869, the Welshman John Hughes began construction of a
metallurgical plant with the working settlement of Yuzovka (Yuzovo)[45]
of the Bakhmut district of the Yekaterinoslav province[46]. The date of
construction of the settlement is considered to be the time of
foundation of the city of Donetsk. Yuzovka was divided into two parts -
factory and "New World". The central part of the city developed along
the direction to the north from the metallurgical plant to the railway
station.
In 1889, to the south of Yuzovka, a machine-building and
iron foundry by E. T. Bosse and R. G. Gennefeld was built, a workshop
for the repair of mining equipment - now the Rutchenkov Machine-Building
Plant. In 1916, two coking plants were built, and in 1917, the first
nitrogen plant in the Russian Empire, now the Donetsk Chemical Reactive
Plant, was built.
With the rapid development of production
forces, the formation of large industrial enterprises, the population of
Yuzovka grew rapidly. In 1917, the village of Yuzovka received the
status of a city.
As part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (since December 30, 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Stalino - the administrative center from April 1923 to 1924 of the Yuzovsky district, from 1924 to June 1925 of the Stalinsky district of the Donetsk province, from June 1925 to July 1930 the administrative center of the Stalinsky district, directly subordinate to the government of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1932 the city became the center of the Donetsk region. In 1938, the Donetsk region was divided into two regions: Stalin and Voroshilovgrad.
On October 19, 1941, the German 1st Panzer Army broke through into Stalino. On October 20, 1941, the German 1st Panzer Army occupied the city. From October 21, 1941 to September 8, 1943, the city was occupied by Nazi Germany. In mid-1942, work was underway to create the Stalino General Commissariat, and transfer it from the command of the military administration to the civilian authorities. The General Commissariat of Stalino included four district commissariats: Mariupol, Stalin, Gorlovsky, Voroshilovograd. However, due to the offensive of the Red Army, these plans were abandoned. As a result of the Donbas offensive operation of the Red Army in August-September 1943, the city of Stalino was liberated.
Already in 1945, the rapid development of the industrial base began
in Stalino: a plant was created to restore mine hoisting machines - now
a power plant, and the Gigant mine was put into operation.
In
1954, the Mushketovskaya mine began to operate, in 1955, the
Mandrykinsky Machine-Building Plant, in 1957, the Zaperevalnaya and
Glubokaya mines, and in 1959, the Vetka-Deep and Vostochnaya mines. In
the Kalininsky district, along the Makeevskoe highway, a complex of
modern food industry enterprises is being formed: a margarine factory, a
dairy plant, a meat processing plant, a pasta factory, a winery, a flour
mill and other industries.
At the same time, mass housing
construction began: first, large-block 3-storey houses in the village of
the Mushketovskaya-Zaperevalnaya mine (1954-1956), then the first
large-panel houses with two-row walls cut in the same place. A school is
being built according to the standard design of Joseph Karakis (with the
participation of N. G. Savchenko) with a capacity for 400 people.
On November 9, 1961, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, the Stalin region was renamed Donetsk and
the city of Stalino was renamed Donetsk. The city and the region were so
named after the river - the Seversky Donets in 1932. At that time, the
modern Donetsk and Lugansk regions were part of the region, and the
Seversky Donets was the central water artery.
In April 1978, the
population of Donetsk exceeded one million inhabitants.
In 2010, according to the results of the study “Rating TOP-100. The
Best Cities and Regions of Ukraine” Donetsk was awarded a diploma of the
first degree in the nomination “The best city in terms of socio-economic
development among cities with a population of over 500 thousand people”.
By 2012, due to the decline of industry and the demographic crisis,
the population of the city had declined significantly.
Since
2014, Donetsk has effectively been a front-line city in the armed
conflict in Donbass and the subsequent Russian invasion of Ukraine in
2022. On April 7, 2014, Donetsk was taken under the control of the armed
formations of the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic.
According to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, on March
14, 2022, as a result of the shelling of the city, 20 civilians were
killed and 33 were injured. On June 13, 2022, the city was again
subjected to massive shelling, 5 people died and 22 were injured. The
minister did not provide any evidence, Ukraine rejects the accusations
of shelling.
The actual population of the city as of January 1, 2014 was 949,825
people, as of January 1, 2013 - 953,217 people, as of January 1, 2012 -
955,041 people.
According to rough estimates of the website of
the GUS of Donetsk region Ukrstat (Donetskstat), as of June 1, 2015,
932,562 people of the actual population and 923,897 permanent residents
live in the city.
On the territory subordinated to the Donetsk
City Council, as of July 1, 2015, there were 966,341 people of the
actual population and 957,630 permanent residents according to the DPR
GUS and, accordingly, 947,868 people of the actual population and
939,217 permanent residents, according to approximate estimates of the
website of the GUS of Donetsk region Ukrstat (Donetskstat) ; as of June
1, 2015, there were 966,887 people of the actual population and 958,176
permanent residents according to the DPR GUS and, accordingly, 948,427
people of the actual population and 939,776 permanent residents,
according to approximate estimates of the website of the GUS of the
Donetsk region Ukrstat (Donetskstat); as of May 1, 2014 - within the
city council - 963,861 people of the present population and 955,210
permanent residents; as of January 1, 2014 - 965,828 persons of the
present population, as of January 1, 2013 - 969,297 persons of the
present population, as of January 1, 2012 - 971,096 persons of the
present population and 962,400 permanent residents.
City symbols
City symbols were approved on September 27, 2004 by
decision No. 13/5 of the Donetsk City Council. The decision approved the
coat of arms of Donetsk and the flag of Donetsk.
Coat of arms of
Donetsk:
The shield of the coat of arms is pentagonal and divided
horizontally. The upper part is azure, the lower part is black. The
shield depicts a golden brush of the right hand emerging from the lower
edge, which holds a golden mining hammer. In the upper right corner is a
golden five-pointed star. On the large coat of arms of Donetsk, the
figures of the monument "To the Liberators of Donbass" are used as
shield holders: on the left - a miner against the background of a golden
laurel branch; on the right - a soldier against the background of an oak
branch. Both pieces are silver. The composition is entwined with a black
and blue ribbon. On top of the shield is a golden crown with five
turrets, on which the numbers "1869" are written - the year the city was
founded. From below, the shield is framed by two golden branches of a
rose laid crosswise, between which “Donetsk” is written in golden
letters on a red moire ribbon.
Flag of Donetsk:
Rectangular
panel with a ratio of 1.2 width to 1.5 length. The flag is horizontally
divided into two equal parts. The top margin is azure, the bottom margin
is black. In the center with an area of at least 0.32 of the flag area,
a golden image of the coat of arms of Donetsk is applied. The azure
field of the coat of arms is located on the azure half of the flag, and
the black one is on the black one. The image of the coat of arms is
applied using embroidery or appliqué. The cloth of the flag is attached
to the pole and crowned with a tip.
Streets, boulevards, squares
The total length of the streets is 2500 km. The number of streets,
boulevards, avenues is 2200. The main street is Artyoma. The longest is
Kirov (19.6 km). Number of squares - 21. The main square - Lenin.
Industry
Before the outbreak of hostilities, Donetsk ranked 2nd in
the region in terms of industrial production (after Mariupol) and 1st in
terms of growth. On the territory of the city there is one of the
largest free economic zones (SEZ) of Ukraine in terms of investment
volume - FEZ "Donetsk". Together with the city of Makeevka, it was the
largest industrial hub of Ukraine. A characteristic feature of the
economic complex of Donetsk is the diversified specialization of
industry, combined with the developed transport and financial economy of
the city. Almost all branches of the national economy are represented in
industry, however, the proportion of metallurgy (both ferrous and
non-ferrous), coal, chemical (including coke-chemical) industries, and
heavy engineering is the highest. Along with the traditional branches of
heavy industry, the light, food, woodworking, and machine building
industries have also developed in recent years.
The economic
potential of the city is:
193 industrial enterprises;
357
enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity;
383 construction
organizations,
1550 objects of consumer services,
over 13,000
small and medium businesses.
More than 119 thousand people are
employed at industrial enterprises of the city.
The total volume
of industrial products sold in 2011 was UAH 50.0 billion.
In its
structure, the largest share is: enterprises for the production and
distribution of electricity, gas and water (31.9%), enterprises of
metallurgy (23.1%), food industry (16.2%), coal industry (10.5% ).
District councils have been created in all districts of the city,
which are subordinate to the Donetsk City Council.
In 2012,
Forbes business magazine recognized Donetsk as the best city in Ukraine
for doing business in five categories: human capital, purchasing power,
investment climate, economic sustainability, and infrastructure and
comfort.
In total, Donetsk has 5 state universities, 11 institutes, 3
academies, including the Donetsk State Academy of Music, 14 technical
schools, as well as 5 private universities, 6 colleges. Of these, the
oldest and largest educational institutions are Donetsk National
Technical University (1921), Donetsk National Medical University (1930),
Donetsk National University (1937), Donetsk National University of
Economics and Trade. M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky. March 13, 1967 - By order
of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, the Directive of the General
Staff of the USSR Armed Forces DGSh of April 22, 1967 and the Directive
of the Commander of the Kiev Military District, decisions were made to
create the Donetsk Higher Military-Political School of Engineering and
Signal Corps - DVVPU.
Secondary schools of the middle level - 2;
secondary schools of 1-2 levels - 38; secondary schools of 1-3 levels -
116; children's and youth sports - 7; stations for young technicians -
2; centers of creativity for children and youth - 8; children's and
youth clubs - 54.
In the system of general secondary education,
the vast majority of students study in Russian. Ukrainian is taught in
34 schools of the city, where 21% of schoolchildren study. At the same
time, during the census, only 11% of the city's residents named
Ukrainian as their native language.
healthcare
51 medical
institutions for 5800 beds
Clinical Hospital named after M. I. Kalinin (DOKTMO - Donetsk
Regional Clinical Territorial Medical Association) (Kalinin district);
department of cardiac surgery.
CCH — Central Clinical Hospital
(Leninsky District)
Traumatological center (Kyiv region)
Psychoneurological hospital ("Victory") (Kirovskiy district)
Antitumor Center named after G. V. Bondar (Budyonnovsky district)
Hospital for Occupational Diseases (Kalinin District)
Road hospital
(Kyiv region)
Children's Clinical Hospital (Kalinin District)
No. 1 - Voroshilovsky district ("Vishnevsky")
No. 2 - Budyonnovsky
district ("Energetik")
No. 3 - Kalininsky district
No. 4 -
Voroshilovsky district ("Studencheskaya")
No. 5 - Voroshilovsky
district
No. 6 - Leninsky district ("Shlakolebnitsa")
No. 7 -
Leninsky district
No. 8 - Kalininsky district ("Prophylactic
examination hospital")
No. 9 - Proletarsky district
No. 11 -
Proletarsky district
No. 12 - city of Mospino, Proletarsky district
No. 14 - Petrovsky district
No. 15 - Petrovsky district
("Rehabilitation treatment")
No. 16 - Budyonnovsky district
No. 17
- Kuibyshevsky district
No. 18 - Kyiv district
No. 19 -
Kuibyshevsky district
No. 20 - Kyiv district
No. 21 - Kuibyshevsky
district
No. 23 - Kuibyshevsky district ("Nitrogen")
No. 24 -
Kirovsky district ("Semashko")
No. 25 - Kirovsky district
("Abakumova")
No. 26 - Kirovsky district
No. 27 - Kirovsky
district ("Tekstilshchik")
Children's city hospitals:
Children's City Hospital - Kalininsky District
No. 1 - Kyiv district
("Zasyadko")
No. 2 - Kuibyshevsky district ("Topaz")
No. 3 -
Kirovsky district
No. 4 - Petrovsky district
No. 5 - Budyonnovsky
district
Maternity:
Donetsk regional center for the protection
of motherhood and childhood - Voroshilovsky district
Maternity
department of DOKTMO - Kalininsky district
City Hospital No. 3 -
Kalininsky District
City hospital No. 6 - Leninsky district ("Slag
hospital")
City Hospital No. 9 - Proletarsky District
City
hospital No. 14 - Petrovsky district
City hospital No. 17 -
Kuibyshevsky district
City hospital No. 24 - Kirovsky district
("Semashko")
Dispensaries:
Dermatovenerological — Kuibyshevsky
district
City dermatovenerological — Kalininsky district
Dermatovenerological — Budyonnovsky district
Narcological — Leninsky
district
City narcological — Kalininsky district
Cardiological -
Kalininsky district (DRKTMO)
Psychoneurological - Budyonnovsky
district
Psychoneurological hospital No. 1 - Petrovsky district
Psychoneurological hospital No. 2 - Leninsky district (Rudchansk
village)
Anti-tuberculosis - Kalininsky district
City
anti-tuberculosis - Kuibyshevsky district
Anti-tuberculosis No. 1 -
Voroshilovsky district
Anti-tuberculosis No. 2 - Proletarsky district
("Chulkovka")
City vertebroneurological - Budyonnovsky district
Donetsk was a major sports center with a highly developed sports
infrastructure. Representatives of the city were leaders in such sports
as football, hockey, boxing, basketball, athletics, tennis.
The
city hosted the USSR championships in tennis, athletics, boxing, match
meetings of the Davis Cup, the UEFA Champions League. Donetsk was one of
the four cities in Ukraine that hosted the 2012 European Football
Championship.
Professional football was developed in Donetsk.
Three clubs represented the city in the Ukrainian Football Premier
League: Shakhtar, Metalurh and Olimpik. FC Shakhtar is a thirteen-time
champion of Ukraine, winner of the UEFA Cup (2009), quarter-finalist of
the Champions League. He is currently based in Kyiv.
Famous
coaches of FC Shakhtar: Oshenkov, Salkov, Nosov, Bazilevich, Prokopenko,
Yaremchenko, Skala, Shuster, Lucescu. FC Metallurg (was disbanded on
June 6, 2015, represented the city in the UPL): Altman, Adriance.
In Donetsk, there have always been outstanding football players of
the highest level: Lobanovsky, Degterev, the Chanov brothers, Elinskas,
Zvyagintsev, Konkov, Drunk, Sokolovsky, Rogovsky, Starukhin, Grachev,
Kanchelskis, Chygrynsky, Rakitsky, Elano, Fernandinho, Willian,
Tymoshchuk...
In the summer of 2009, Donetsk and Mariupol hosted
the European Youth Football Championship. Ukrainian football players
became the winners.
Donetsk hosts the first stadium in Eastern
Europe designed and built in accordance with the 5-star UEFA
accreditation Donbass Arena. The opening of the stadium took place on
August 29, 2009, and entered the top 5 major shows of the year according
to the BBC. The stadium's capacity is 52,400 seats. The total cost of
building the stadium, along with the park around the arena, was about
$450 million. The average stadium attendance was 35,322. It is currently
not operational.
In addition to the Donbass Arena, there are
three stadiums in Donetsk capable of hosting high-level football
competitions - RSC Olimpiyskiy, Shakhtar, Metallurg.
HC "Donbass"
is the hockey club of the city, the champion of Ukraine. In 2011 he was
admitted to the Higher Hockey League of Russia. Starting from the
2012/2013 season, it became the only Ukrainian club that played in the
KHL. The home arena is Druzhba, located in the Kalininsky district. In
total, there are 4 ice palaces in the city, one more will open on
October 15, 2011. In March 2011, Donetsk hosted matches of the World
Under-18 Ice Hockey Championship and the First Division Ice Hockey World
Championship.
Donetsk was one of the largest boxing centers in
the post-Soviet space. Famous boxers Viktor Miroshnichenko, Alexander
Yagubkin, Vladislav Zasypko, Dmitry Eliseev are pupils of Donetsk
boxing.
Viktor Sidyak, Olympic saber fencing champion, lived and
trained in Donetsk.
Every year, the Druzhba sports center hosted
international pole vaulting competitions “Vole Stars”, in which world
records were repeatedly set (Sergey Bubka 6 m 15 cm, Elena Isinbayeva).
Tennis has grown in popularity over the past 20 years. International
tennis tournaments under the auspices of the ATP, Davis Cup matches were
held on the courts of the city. Famous tennis players Elena Eliseeva,
Sergey Bubka (junior).
BC Donetsk is the basketball club of the
city, winner of the Ukrainian Super League (2012), silver medalist of
the Ukrainian Super League (2009,2011). Represents Ukraine in European
competitions - Eurocup, VTB United League. The club plays in the Druzhba
sports complex.
Every year, in early April, the international
cycling Grand Prix of Donetsk was held.
In Donetsk, on the ring
"Sportmax", there were competitions in fights without rules of the
League of Mixed Martial Arts Mix-Fight "M-1 Ukraine". A series of
tournaments on fights without rules "Knights of Donbass" was held
annually.
There are 254 officially registered monuments of cultural heritage in
Donetsk. The city has 11 cinemas, 53 Palaces of Culture and clubs, 140
museums and museum rooms, 368 libraries with a fund of over 15,522,662
books, 16 primary specialized art schools.
On August 30, 2008, a
digital planetarium was opened in the center of Donetsk in the Sokol
square. In the park to them. Shcherbakov operates the Royal Marine water
park.
August 26, 2011 in Donetsk opened a modern art and
exhibition center "ArtDonbass" located near the music park.
Donetsk
Regional Philharmonic named after S. S. Prokofiev
Donetsk State
Circus "Cosmos"
Donetsk Planetarium
Club of fantasy lovers
"Wanderer"
Festival-laboratory "Art-Alternative"
Belcanto Festival
Festival "Golden Skiff"
Festival "Pani Ukraine"
Underwater
Fantasies Festival
Festival "Prokofiev's Spring"
DoJ Festival
Festival "Stars of World Ballet"
Blacksmithing Festival Forged
Figures Park
Donetsk Greek Library
Donetsk Regional Library for Children named
after S. M. Kirov
Regional Jewish Library
Donetsk State Universal
Scientific Library named after N. K. Krupskaya
There are 140 museums and museum rooms in Donetsk[118]. Among them are two large state regional museums: the Donetsk Regional Art Museum and the Donetsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. In addition to state museums, there are museums created by enterprises and organizations of the city. Among them: the Museum of the History and Development of the Donetsk Railway, created by the Donetsk Railway; Museum of Communications, created by the center for the technical operation of local telephone communications of OJSC "Ukrtelecom"; Museum of the Jewish Heritage of Donbass, created by the Donetsk Jewish Community Center; Museum of the history of the DMZ, created by the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant and others. Enthusiasts create folk museums. Among them is "Donbass Unconquered". Museum rooms are being created in schools. The Museum of Donetsk School No. 93 named after the Hero of the Soviet Union N. Zherdev is considered exemplary.
City Palace of Culture (former Palace of Culture named after the
October Revolution)
City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity
City House of Creativity
City House of Teachers
Palace of Culture
"Donbass" (former recreation center of the Zaperevalnaya mine)
Palace
of Culture JSC "Donetskgormash" (former Palace of Culture named after
the XXI Congress of the CPSU)
Palace of Culture of the chemical
reagent plant (DK "Smolyanka")
Palace of Culture named after A. M.
Gorky of the mine management "Red Star"
Palace of Culture named after
A. M. Gorky of the mine named after A. F. Zasyadko
Palace of Culture
named after A. S. Pushkin
Palace of Culture named after V. V.
Kuibyshev
Palace of Culture named after G. I. Petrovsky
Palace of
Culture named after E. T. Abakumov
Palace of Culture named after I.
Ya. Franko
Palace of Culture named after M. I. Kalinin (reorganized
into the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Donetsk)
Palace of
Culture named after N. A. Ostrovsky (former Palace of Culture named
after N. A. Ostrovsky of the Kirovskaya mine)
Palace of Culture named
after T. G. Shevchenko
Palace of Culture named after 20 years of
Victory
Palace of Culture of the mine "Lidievka"
Palace of Culture
of the Oktyabrskaya mine
Palace of Culture "Jubilee"
Palace of
Culture (house-building plant, Budyonnovsky district)
Ilyich Palace
of Culture
Palace of Culture of Trudovskaya Mine
Palace of Youth
"Youth"
House of Culture "Rodina"
House of Culture named after S.
M. Kirov
Regional Palace of Children and Youth
Center of Slavic
Culture (formerly - Palace of Culture named after Lenin, Palace of
Culture of Metallurgists, Steel Works)
multiplex "Donetsk City";
multiplex "Golden Ring";
Cinema
Theater named after T. G. Shevchenko;
film palace "Zvezdochka";
cinema "Donbass";
cinema "Gornyak";
cinema "Pervomaisky";
cinema "Kino-Kult";
Cinema Mir.
In Donetsk, there is a
Moonlight drive-in cinema located on Makeevsky Highway, equipped with
the largest cinema screen in Europe with an area of 252 m².
Cinemas are closed or partially open: "Dawn", "Aurora", "Sputnik",
"Builder", "Planet", "Youth", "Komsomolets", "Chronicle and Repeat
Film", "Mir", "Little Red Riding Hood", Cinema and Concert Complex (KKK)
"Donetsk", "Crystal", "Light", "Steel", "Birch"; as well as summer -
"Kalmius", "Green".
Donetsk is a very green city, there are a lot of beautiful parks,
squares, boulevards. Many of them belong to enterprises - for example,
Kiev-Konti Square, DMZ Park, Victoria Hotel Park, Donbass Arena Park,
etc. A special place is occupied by the park of forged figures, where
the European blacksmith competition is held annually. In 2009, the
reconstruction of the Kalmius river embankment was completed. The
botanical garden is open all year round.
One of the symbols of
the city are roses that overflow city avenues, parks, rose gardens. In
the 70s of the XX century, Donetsk was nicknamed "the city of a million
roses". At the beginning of the 21st century, Donetsk regained the
status of a city in which there is a rose for every inhabitant. As of
2010, there are 1,056,000 roses in Donetsk.
In Donetsk, they are
going to build a music park. This was announced at a press conference on
December 29, 2009 by the Donetsk mayor Oleksandr Lukyanchenko. The park
construction project will start in spring 2010. According to the press
service of the Donetsk City Council, an amphitheater, playgrounds,
fountains and music will be built in the park.
The largest rock
garden in Eastern Ukraine with an area of 2,000 square meters appeared
in Donetsk.
Shcherbakov Donetsk Park is considered the best park
in Ukraine. It has a large number of monuments, sculptures, fountains.
During the European Football Championship, a fan zone was located in it.
Since December 19, 2009, the year-round Donetsk Dolphinarium "NEMO"
has been operating in Shcherbakov Park.
Due to hostilities, the
dolphinarium was evacuated to Kharkov.
The dolphinarium was built
with numerous violations: the inspection of the state architectural and
construction control in the Donetsk region did not provide permission to
perform construction work at this facility, the construction project was
not coordinated with the state fire supervision authorities. From
December 2009 to May 2010, the dolphinarium worked illegally, without
putting the building into operation. Since May 2010, the dolphinarium
has been operating legally, but illegally, without the necessary
permits, in violation of a number of articles of the Law of Ukraine “On
the Protection of Animals from Cruelty”. Donetsk Dolphinarium is part of
the national network of cultural and recreational complexes "Nemo". The
Donetsk center combines a dolphinarium, an oceanarium and a dolphin
therapy center.
Among the main tasks of the dolphinarium are
making a profit, popularizing knowledge about marine mammals.
Performances with the participation of the Black Sea bottlenose
dolphins, South American fur seals and the southern sea lion are held
daily, three times a day. In addition to performances in the Nemo
Dolphinarium in Donetsk, there is the possibility of swimming and diving
with dolphins. There are also sessions of dolphin therapy, which,
according to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, is not among the
recommended methods of treatment and can harm the health of children,
causing dangerous diseases.
This dolphinarium was built
temporarily - in order to start showing the show as soon as possible.
The plans of the company "Nerum", which owns the network of
dolphinariums "Nemo", the construction of a capital building - a
multi-level complex with hotels, restaurants, underwater tanks.
There are two planetariums in Donetsk:
old (opposite the shopping
center "Donetsk City"),
digital (near the square "Sokol").
The new
digital planetarium opened in 2008. The building is equipped with modern
equipment that allows the viewer to achieve the effect of space-time
movement with the ability to simulate time with a minimum interval of
100,000 years. The lighting effects are synchronized with the video
display, 3D graphics and surround sound, which allows you to achieve a
high level of realism.
In 2010, the construction of the AquaSferra water park began on the
territory of the Shcherbakov Park. The opening took place on December
21, 2012.
The capacity of the water park in winter is 550 people,
and in the warm season up to 1000. The water park includes an open water
area with pools and attractions, as well as an indoor entertainment
area, which is covered by a dome with a diameter of 85 and a height of
24 meters. The dome opens up like petals and will be illuminated at
night. As planned by the architects, the water park's unusual
illumination can be admired even from some of the central streets of
Donetsk. Donetsk water park is the best in Ukraine and one of the top 10
water parks in Europe.
TV channels
Union
Stronghold, Stronghold 2
First Republican
Novorossiya TV
Channel Five
Donbass (TV channel)
First channel,
Russia 1
NTV
and other Russian TV channels.
radio stations
70.49 MHz Radio Comet
87.6 MHz Children's radio
88.2 MHz Humor FM
88.7 MHz Radio Beacon (silent)
89.5 MHz Europe Plus
89.9 MHz Radio
Sputnik
90.7 MHz Radio 7 on seven hills
91.4 MHz Hit FM
92.0
MHz Rock FM
92.3 MHz Radio Komsomolskaya Pravda
94.0 MHz Radio TV
95.3 MHz Relax FM (silent)
95.7 MHz Radio Russia
97.5 MHz Road
radio
98.6 MHz Radio Comet
99.0 MHz Radio Republic + Vesti FM
100.0 MHz Radio Capital
101.6 MHz Radio ENERGY
102.6 MHz Radio
Vera
103.1 MHz Radio Romantika
103.8 MHz Retro FM
104.7 MHz
Russian radio (silent)
105.1 MHz DFM
105.5 MHz New radio
106.0
MHz Radio MIR
106.4 MHz Vesti FM
106.8 MHz Novorossiya Rocks
107.2 MHz L-Radio (Chelyabinsk)
107.6 MHz Daddy's radio
Newspapers
Newspaper "Donetsk Kryazh"
Newspaper "Vesti Donbassa"
Newspaper "Donbass"
Newspaper "Donetsk News"
Newspaper "GidTV"
Newspaper "Panorama"
Newspaper "Vecherniy Donetsk"
newspaper
"Life"
Weekly "I"
Herald "Oriflamma"
Voice of the Republic of
Novorossiya
International children's literary newspaper "Nastenka"
Local editions of Ukrainian and Russian publications
"MK in Donbass"
newspaper "Today"
newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda - Donbass"
newspaper "Telegid"
Mayors
The title of the position of the mayor of
Yuzovka/Stalino/Donetsk changed. At various times she was called:
"Chairman of the Yuzovsky Council", "Head of the Yuzovsky City Council",
"City Head", "Chairman of the City Council", "Chairman of the Executive
Committee of the City Council".
In 2002-2014, the city was headed
by Alexander Alekseevich Lukyanchenko. After the outbreak of an armed
conflict in eastern Ukraine, due to a conflict with the authorities of
the DPR, Lukyanchenko left the city and moved to Kyiv. As of August
2017, by appointment of the authorities of the DPR, the city is headed
by Kulemzin, Aleksey Valeryevich (in the status of the Head of the
Administration of the city of Donetsk, with the performance of the
functions of the mayor).
Honorary citizens of Donetsk
Honorary
Citizen of Donetsk is a title awarded at a session of the Donetsk City
Council for active participation in the social and political life of the
city and high labor performance. The title was established on January
26, 1969 by the decision of the City Council of Workers' Deputies. As of
2012, there were 48 honorary citizens in Donetsk.
On April 22,
1924, Stalin I.V. was elected an honorary slaughterer and an honorary
member of the City Council.
In 1890, Vikenty Veresaev came to visit his brother, who in 1892
wrote eight essays on Yuz material under the general title "Underground
Kingdom". In 1892, Veresaev again came to Yuzovka to fight cholera. This
visit forms the basis of the story "Without a Road", which tells about
the working and living conditions of miners.
In 1896, Alexander
Kuprin came to Yuzovka as a correspondent for Kyiv newspapers. He writes
the essays "Yuzovsky Plant", "In the Main Mine" (about the Gladkovsky
Mine), "On Fire" (about the metallurgical plant) and the story "Moloch".
Yuzovka from the newspaper "Priazovsky Krai" in 1896 was visited by
Alexander Serafimovich, who later wrote the story "At the Factory".
Konstantin Paustovsky came to the Yuzovsky plant as a receiver of
shells, he described his arrival in Yuzovka in his autobiographical
story “The Book of Life. Restless youth.
Leonid Mikhailovich
Zharikov (Ilya Milakhievich Zharikov) (1911-1985) was born in Donetsk
(Yuzovka) in 1911.
In the 1920s, Vasily Grossman lived in
Donetsk, who in 1934 published a story from the life of miners and
factory intelligentsia "Glukauf". Also in Grossman's novel "Stepan
Kolchugin" the action takes place in Yuzovka on the eve of 1905.
Semyon Kirsanov wrote a poem about the performance of Vladimir
Mayakovsky in the Donetsk circus in 1927.
From 1946 to 1954,
Boris Leontievich Gorbatov lived in Donetsk, where he wrote the play
"The Youth of the Fathers", the story "The Unconquered", the scripts for
the films "It was in the Donbass", "Donetsk Miners".
Ilya Gonimov
lived and worked in Donetsk, he wrote the novels "Shakhtarchuk" (1930),
"Old Yuzovka" and "On the Bank of Kalmius" (1940).
After the
liberation of Donetsk from the German occupation during the Great
Patriotic War, Larisa Cherkashina arrives in Donetsk. She writes a story
about the Donetsk underground "In our city" (1947), "City of miners"
(1950), "Donetsk true story" (1950).
Vasily Semyonovich Stus from
1954 to 1960 studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of the
Donetsk State Pedagogical University and studied at the literary studio
under the guidance of T. Dukhovny.
Grigory Volodin's novel "The
Wild Field" (1982) tells about Yuzovka in 1917-1918, in the novel the
name of the city is changed to "Yurovka", but the rest of the toponymy
is preserved.
Pyotr Grigorenko spent his youth in Yuzovka
(Stalino), in his memoirs “Only rats can be found in the underground
...” there are chapters[146] in which the city is described.
In
1988, Venya D'rkin studied in Donetsk, he wrote the song "Donetsk is my
dad."
Yuriy Taran, a Soviet writer-humorist, military sailor and
journalist, lived in Donetsk and died in 2017.
Dziga Vertov's film "Enthusiasm. Symphony of Donbass” contains
episodes about Donetsk.
In 1945, the shooting of the film “It was in
the Donbass” took place in Stalino.
The film-concert of 1970 with the
participation of Tamara Miansarova "Solar Ballad" included filming of
the monuments "Victims of Fascism" and "Glory to Miner's Labour",
Shcherbakov Park and the bridge over the First City Pond, the
Nizhnekalmiussky Reservoir, the viaduct near the bridge over the
Kalmius, the Shakhtyor Stadium and Donetsk waste heaps.
In 1971,
Eduard Bocharov's film "The Seventh Heaven" with Nikolai Rybnikov and
Alla Larionova in the lead roles was released on Soviet screens. The
film tells about a short period in the life of a middle-aged foreman of
a tunneling brigade. In the film, you can see shots with panoramas of
Donetsk: Covered Market, Ilyicha Avenue, Park named after. Shcherbakov,
Lenin Square, panorama of the mine. Batov and the Makeevsky
Metallurgical Plant (view from Makshosse).
In 1973, the film "The
Address of Your House" (starring Nikolay Kryuchkov) was filmed in
Donetsk, in which you can see a number of noticeable urban landscapes.
In 1973, the shooting of the detective film "The Ring" took place in the
Donetsk Palace of Sports "Shakhtar", starring Alexander Porohovshchikov.
In 1984, in Donetsk, at the mine. Kalinin, the film "Eight Days of Hope"
was filmed with Valentin Gaft in the title role. Dmitry Kharatyan and
Nikolai Karachentsev also starred in the film. The film repeatedly shows
panoramas of the city, in particular: Shakhtyorskaya Square, Pushkin
Boulevard, Leninsky Prospekt. According to the results of the rental on
the screens of the Soviet Union, the film took fifth place.
In
Donetsk, the film "Mirror for a Hero" (1987) by Vladimir Khotinenko was
filmed - a film adaptation of the story of the same name by Svyatoslav
Yuryevich Rybas, who also worked in the Donetsk mines.
In 2005, the
TV series Five Stars was filmed in Donetsk[149]. Filming took place at
the Victoria Hotel. Also included in the frame were Lenin Square,
Pushkin Boulevard, and the Drama Theatre. Drama theater actors were
involved in episodic and supporting roles.
In 2008, the film
adaptation of Dmitry Gerasimov's novel The Cross in a Circle was filmed
at the Donbass Palace Hotel.
Some scenes of the film "Aurora, or What
the Sleeping Beauty Dreams of" were filmed in Donetsk.
In 2009, at
the 43rd International Film Festival (German 43. Internationale Hofer
Filmtage), which was held in the Bavarian city of Hof (Germany), the
documentary film Yuzovka - Letters from the Wild Field (German
Hughesovka - Briefe aus dem wilden Feld, Hughesoffka – Letters from the
Wild Field) was shortlisted in the Documentary section. The film was
created by Viola Stefan (German: Viola Stephan) at the Munich studio
"Approfilm" and is based on letters from British settlers who lived in
Yuzovka.
In 2010, the German TV journalist Jakob Preuss filmed a
documentary film Another Chelsea in Donetsk. A story from Donetsk,
dedicated to modern political and social processes in the Donbass.
Donetsk in philately is a collection of philatelic materials (postage
marks, stamps, etc.) dedicated to Donetsk or related to it.
Post
of the USSR and Ukraine issued postage stamps, artistic marked and
unmarked postal envelopes, the subject of which was connected with
Donetsk. In 1992-1994, during the constant increase in forwarding rates,
the Donetsk Post Office used its own pharmacists. Various calendar,
franking and preferential stamps, special cancellations were used in
Donetsk.
The first issue of banknotes in Yuzovka was the warrants of 1913 of
the Rutchenko mines mine "Olga", with a face value of 3 rubles.
In 1918, due to the lack of money in the bank branches and cash desks of
the city self-government, bonds of the Yuzovsky branch of the state bank
were issued for payments.
Also issued were banknotes of the
private Grand Hotel in Yuzovka in denominations of 1, 3, 5 and 10
rubles, bonds of the Stalin Workers' Cooperative of the Shcheglovsky
mine in the Donetsk province.
Donugol and Donbasstorg issued
warrants that had circulation as money.
In 1990, the Abakumov
mine issued internal money.
In 2008, the National Bank of Ukraine
issued a commemorative 2 hryvnia coin dedicated to Vasily Stus (he
studied in Donetsk). On the reverse of this coin, the portrait of Stus
is located against the background of the stylized mosaic “Bird Woman” by
Alla Gorskaya (located in Donetsk).