Poltava oblast is an administrative-territorial unit of Ukraine with
the center in the city of Poltava. It was formed
on September 22, 1937. It is located in the middle part of the Left-Bank
Ukraine and partly in the Right-Bank Ukraine. Most of the region is
located within the Dnieper lowland and the Poltava plain.
Area -
28,748 km² (4.76% of the territory of Ukraine), population - 1,466,786
people (February 1, 2013, 3.22% of the inhabitants of Ukraine). The
region has 4 districts and 16 cities, of which six - Gadyach, Gorishni
Plavnye, Kremenchug, Lubny, Mirgorod and Poltava - are of regional
subordination.
The most
important sectors of the region's economy include agriculture and
industry (including food, light, machine-building, and others).
Poltava
Great Sorochintsy
Kremenchug
Mirgorod
Exaltation of the Cross Convent;
The Ensemble of the Round Square
and the Monument of Glory, 1805-1811, the city of Poltava;
Monument
to Peter I, 1849;
Triumphal arch, 1820;
All Saints Church,
1815-1821;
Mgarsky monastery;
Mirgorod State Ceramic College named
after Mykola Gogol, 1846, the city of Mirgorod is a center of artistic
ceramics recognized throughout Ukraine;
House of the hydropathic
clinic, 1914–1917, the city of Mirgorod;
Schools of the Lokhvitsky
Zemstvo, Ukrainian architectural modernity, author — Athanasius Slastion
Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, the village of Velikiye
Sorochintsy, 1732;
Literary and Memorial Museum of Nikolai Gogol, the
village of Velikie Sorochintsy;
Velikiye Sorochinsky Museum of Local
Lore, Velikie Sorochintsy village;
Private house and park village
Berezovaya Rudka XVIII-XIX centuries;
National Museum-Reserve of
Ukrainian Pottery in Opishna;
Factory of artistic ceramics;
National Museum-Reserve of Nikolai Gogol, the village of Velikie
Sorochintsy;
State Museum-Reserve of the teacher Anton Makarenko, the
village of Kovalevka;
Memorial complex of the estate of the
philosopher and poet and the monument to Grigory Skovoroda, Chernukhi
village;
Museum of Local Lore (former Zemstvo House), 1903–1908,
Poltava city;
Memorial sign in honor of the 800th anniversary of the
founding of Poltava, 1974.
Botanical Garden of Poltava National
Pedagogical University named after Volodymyr Korolenko
Geographic location
Poltava region is the 6th among the regions of
Ukraine in terms of area. In the north it borders on Chernihiv and Sumy
regions, in the east on Kharkov region, in the south on Dnepropetrovsk
and Kirovograd regions, in the west on Kyiv and Cherkasy regions of
Ukraine.
The Poltava region covers an area of 28.7 thousand km,
which is 4.8% of the territory of Ukraine. According to this indicator,
it ranks 6th among other regions of Ukraine. The length of the territory
from north to south is 213.5 km, and from west to east 245 km.
The extreme northern point of the region - 3.3 km north of the village
of Belogorelka - is located in the Lokhvitsky district with coordinates
50.518343° N. sh. 33.065454° E The extreme southern point is the left
bank of the Kamenskoye reservoir, in the Kobelyatsky district with
coordinates 48.750689° N. sh. 34.297876° E The extreme western point - 1
km from the village of Smotryki - is located in the Piryatinsky district
with coordinates 50.283232 ° N. sh. 32.089971° E The extreme eastern
point - 1.5 km from the village of Shevchenko, Karlovsky district has
coordinates 49.506532 ° N. sh. 35.478676° E d.
Relief and
reservoirs
The main geological structure within which the region is
located is the Dnieper-Donetsk depression and its slopes. The relief of
the region is flat, lies within the Poltava Plain.
The surface
has a general slope from north-northeast to south-southwest. The maximum
absolute mark of the relief (202.6 m) on the left bank of the region is
located 5 km west of Opishni. On the right bank of the Dnieper Upland,
the highest point of the surface is 204 m (the top of the hill of
Deevskaya Gora, located 4 km south of the Kryukovsky district of
Kremenchug). The lowest point on the surface of the Poltava region - 64
m - is the shore of the Kamensky reservoir.
On the territory of
the Poltava region, there are 146 rivers (watercourses with a length of
more than 10 km) with a total length of 5,100 km. Among them:
two
large (more than 500 km) - the Dnieper and Psel.
nine medium ones
(101-500 km long) - Vorskla, Sula, Oril, Uday, Khorol, Orzhitsa, Merla,
Orchik, Kolomak
135 small rivers (100 km or less)
124 lakes with a
water surface area of more than 0.1 km² (with a total area of 676
hectares and a total water volume of 76 million m3).
approximately
1600 streams.
The average density of the river network is 0.27
km/km². The most developed river network is in the Psla and Khorol
basins (0.4 km/km²). The lowest indicator - 0.17 km / km² - in the
Orzhitsa basin.
In the south and southwest, the region is washed
by the waters of the Kremenchug and Kamensky reservoirs.
The climate is determined by the location in the temperate climate
zone, the type is temperate continental. The average temperature in
January is 3.7 ° C, in July - +21.4 ° C, the amount of precipitation is
480-580 mm / year, which falls mainly in summer as rain.
About
2/3 of the number of days in a year, the continental subtype of air
masses from the land of Eurasia reigns, 1/3 of the days - the marine
subtype of air masses from the northern and central Atlantic and inland
seas - the Mediterranean, Black, Azov.
Flora and fauna
The
flora of the Poltava region includes about 2 thousand species of
different systematic groups of plants. Among the species of local flora
there are about 1500 species of plants from the angiosperm department, 3
species of gymnosperms, 16 species of ferns, 9 species of horsetails, 3
species of club mosses, as well as 160 species of mosses and lichens
each.
The region belongs to the forest-deficient regions of
Ukraine. The forest cover of its territory together with shrubs and
forest belts at the beginning of the 21st century is 9.55% (274.6
thousand hectares). The average forest cover of Ukraine is more than
15%; world - 29%. On the territory of the region, the main types of
forests are broad-leaved oak (dobravia) and coniferous pine (pine
forests).
By 2020, there were only 25 forestry enterprises in the
Poltava region. After the administrative-territorial division, within
the framework of decentralization, 4 enlarged districts and 4 forestry
enterprises were formed in the region: in Gadyach, Kremenchug, Mirgorod
and Poltava. The natural and recreational potential includes:
Gadyach
is a climatic resort in the forest zone, located on the banks of the
Psel River;
Leshchinovka is a forest climatic resort located on the
banks of the Vorskla River;
Mirgorod is a flat balneological and mud
resort in the forest-steppe zone.
Objects of the natural reserve
fund:
46 reserves, including 11 of state importance;
92 monuments
of nature, among which - 1 of national importance;
Ustimovsky
arboretum (Ustimovka);
20 parks - monuments of landscape art, 4 of
them are of national importance;
10 protected areas.
The previous administrative formation on the territory was the
Poltava province, formed on February 27, 1802, which consisted of 10,
later 12, and from 1803 - 15 counties. Until the beginning of the 20th
century, Poltava region remained an agrarian province with large
landownership. On June 3, 1925, the Poltava province was liquidated.
With the change of power and political structure, the Poltava region
lost the Zolotonosha, Prilutsk, Pereyaslav, Romen and Constantinograd
lands.
Read more: Administrative structure of the Poltava
region#History
On September 22, 1937, the Poltava region was formed,
consisting of 45 districts and two cities. In 1937, 224 industrial
enterprises and 312 cooperative industrial artels operated on the
territory of the Poltava region. By the beginning of 1938, there were
2,727 collective farms in the region, which were assigned 3,238.7
thousand hectares of arable land.
During the Nazi occupation
during the years of the German-Soviet war (September-October 1941 -
September-November 1943), the territory of the Poltava region was part
of the Reichskommissariat "Ukraine", it was included in the general
district of Kiev, which consisted of 26 gebits. Poltava region was
divided into 12 gebits.
After the Nazi invaders were expelled
from the territory of the Poltava region, it continued to be divided
into 44 pre-war rural areas.
In 1957, the Petrovsko-Romensky and
Pokrovsko-Bagachansky districts were liquidated.
In 1962, after
the amalgamation of rural areas, 14 districts remained (thus, 20
districts were abolished). In 1965, some of them were restored at 19; in
1966, another 6 districts were restored.
After countless changes
in borders, on January 1, 1968, the region was divided into 25
districts. Within its boundaries there were 12 cities (2 regional
subordination and 10 district), 18 urban-type settlements, 3 workers'
settlements and 2,224 rural settlements.
According to the
All-Union Census of 1989, the total population in the region was
1,753,030 people.
On July 17, 2020, Pyryatinsky, Grebenkovsky,
Orzhitsky, Khorolsky, Chernukhinsky, Lokhvitsky, Gadyachsky, Kotelevsky,
Shishatsky, Semenovsky, Globinsky, Kozelshchinsky, Novosanzharsky,
Mashevsky, Kobelyatsky, Dikansky, Reshetilovsky, Bolshoy were
liquidated. Their territory became part of the enlarged Lubensky,
Poltava , Mirgorod and Kremenchug districts.