Slavyansk or Sloviansk is a city in the
Donbass, in the north of the Donetsk region. One of the oldest mud
treatment resort centers in Ukraine, has the status of a resort of
national importance.
The city was founded in 1676 under the name
of Tor and initially the main occupation of the inhabitants was salt
production. The year 1832 is considered to be the year of the foundation
of the Slavic resort, when the head physician A. Yakovlev began to treat
soldiers with mud and salt water on Lake Rapnoe. In 1907, Slavic
therapeutic muds were presented at the international exhibition in Spa,
where they received the Grand Prix.
Since the 1930s, the development of industry (mainly
machine-building) began.
In 2005, a regional landscape park
"Slavyansky Kurort" with an area of 431.31 hectares was created near the
city. It includes Slepnoye and Repnoye lakes, mud (bottom silt), brine
and water of which are used for medicinal purposes, as well as the
Priozerny ornithological reserve. The medical and diagnostic center of
the resort includes three sanatoriums: "Slavyansky", "Donbass" and
"Jubilee".
The city of Slavyansk is rich in cultural and historical places.
Popular with local residents is the central Cathedral Square (after the
revolution and until 2015, the October Revolution Square). The square is
named in memory of the nearby Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity,
which was demolished in Soviet times. Later, a monument to V.I. Lenin in
a cap and coat was erected here, dismantled in 2015 during
decommunization.
In Slavyansk there is a museum of local lore, 2
art galleries, one of which was named after a local native of the artist
P.P. Konchalovsky, 5 Orthodox churches of the Moscow and Kyiv
Patriarchate. In 2008, a monument to the victims of the Holodomor was
opened here.
Palace of Culture of Railway Workers (Vokzalnaya
Street)
House of Culture and Technology CJSC "Betonmash" (Solodilova
st.)
House of Culture of the Reinforcing and Insulating Plant
(Central Street)
House of Culture (Universitetskaya Street)
Department of the RAGS (registration of acts of civil status) (st. G.
Batyuk)
Slavic State Pedagogical University (G. Batyuk St.)
Slavic
Power Engineering College (Teacher Street)
Slavic College of the
Luhansk National Agrarian University (Svobody St.)
House of Culture
of JSC "Slavtyazhmash" (Darvina street)
Club CJSC "Slavoliya"
(Svoboda street)
Sanatorium "Donbass" (Pushkinskaya street)
Central City Hospital (Shevchenko St.)
Hospital № 1 (Vasilyevskaya
street)
City Hospital No. 2 (Zavodskaya Street)
Hospital № 3
(Donskaya street)
Nodal hospital at Slavyansk station (Malogorodskaya
street)
Slavic maternity hospital (Universitetskaya street)
Regional psychiatric hospital of the city of Slavyansk (Narvskaya
street)
Monument to Entrepreneurs (Central Market)
Slavic
resort
Just a few kilometers from the city is the Slavic resort, one
of the oldest in Ukraine. It includes 3 sanatoriums: "Donbass",
"Slavyansky" and "Jubilee". The resort specializes in balneo-mud
treatment with brine and sulfide silt mud, which covers the bottom of
the salt lakes Rapnoe, Slepnoye, Veysovo, etc. The brine is extracted
from salt wells dug near the lakes and is used in the form of
therapeutic mud, baths, showers, physiotherapy, inhalation,
phytococktails, speleotherapy, hydrocolonotherapy, etc. In the treatment
of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, mineral water from the
Slavyansk, West Slavyansk and Slavyanogorsk deposits is used.
The
water and mud bath and 3 sanatoriums located here specialize in the
treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system,
circulatory system, gynecological diseases, gastritis, and general
improvement of the body.
By train
Train Station. The city has a railway connection with
Kharkov and Kiev.
By car
By car, you can get on the
international highway "Kharkiv - Rostov" M-03 ((E40) or the national
highway "Slavyansk - Mariupol" H-20.
Sanatoriums
Sanatorium Slavyansky, st. 10th Anniversary of
October, 11. ✉ ☎ (06262) 2-63-70; 2-88-45. He specializes in the
treatment of spinal and orthopedic patients.
Sanatorium Donbass, st.
Kostyurina, 1. ✉ ☎ (06262) 2-63-70; 2-88-45. He specializes in the
treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, with
diseases of the inflammatory nature of the female and male reproductive
organs. Also treated are children from 4 years of age, including those
with cerebral palsy.
Sanatorium Yubileyny, st. Pavlova, 1. ✉ ☎
(06262) 2-63-70; 2-88-45. Specializes in the treatment of diseases of
the peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal system, cicatricial
changes after burns, chronic diseases of the genital area, male and
female infertility. Rehabilitation of patients who have suffered acute
myocardial infarction is carried out.
Sanatorium Shakhter, st.
Ostrovsky, 74. ☎ +38 (06262) 5-56-31. Specializes in the treatment of
iron deficiency anemia, diseases of the cardiovascular system,
respiratory organs, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis.
Average cost
Hotel Europe, st. Uritsky, 65. ☎ +38 (0626) 62-12-06.
Hotel Ukraine,
st. Shevchenko, 22. ☎ +38 (06262) 2-28-14.
Hotel Caesar, st.
Matveeva, 1. ☎ +38 (0626) 66-42-75.
Hotel Slavyansk, st. Iskra, 23. ☎
+38 (06262) 2-81-95.
The city is located in the northern part of the region in the valley
of the Kazyonny Torets River (a tributary of the Seversky Donets, the
Don basin). On the territory of Slavyansk there are unique salt lakes of
karst origin. They are separated from each other by small sand bars
about 150–200 m wide. The lakes have healing properties and are the
basis of the city's spa industry. The largest are Lake Slepnoye with an
area of 0.29 km² and a depth of up to 2.2 m, Lake Rapnoye with an area
of 0.22 km² and a depth of about 7.5–8 m, and Lake Veysovo with an area
of 0.16 km² and a depth of up to 19 m.
Since 1975, these lakes
have been under protection as hydrological natural monuments of national
importance. There are also several other lakes of smaller size and
depth. The water temperature in summer reaches +22…+24 °C. The brine of
salt lakes is enriched with sulfates and has a sodium chloride
composition. At the bottom of the Rape and Slepnoye lakes there are
deposits of therapeutic silt mud, mainly sulfide.
Distance to
Donetsk: by road — 119 km, by railway — 110 km. Distance to Kyiv: by
road - 664 km, by railway - 632 km.
The beginning of Slavyansk was laid by the Top (Salt) fortress,
founded in 1645 on salt lakes. After 20 years, the first salt factory
appeared here, and with it the number of settlers grew. The official
year of foundation of the city is 1676. The new name Slavyansk was given
to Tor in 1784, and in 1797 it became part of the Izyum district of the
Sloboda-Ukrainian province of the Russian Empire, which in turn became
the Kharkov province in 1835.
The first mention of the Torsk
settlement occurs in 1627.
The year 1832 is officially considered
the year of the formation of the famous Slavic resort on the shores of
Lake Rapnoye. In 1869, the Slavyansk railway station appeared on the
route along the Southern Railway.
At the beginning of the 20th
century, the Torsk salt deposits became one of the centers of the salt
mining industry. Here, in particular, the so-called Bakhmut salt
syndicate worked.
Slavyansk was captured by Nazi troops on
October 28, 1941, and then was occupied.
On February 17, 1943, he
was liberated from the Nazi German troops by the Soviet troops of the
Southwestern Front during the Voroshilovgrad operation.
On March
1, 1943, it was occupied for the second time.
On September 6,
1943, he was again liberated from the German troops by the Soviet troops
of the Southwestern Front during the Donbass operation.
The
troops that participated in the liberation of Donbass, during which they
captured Slavyansk, Kramatorsk and other cities, were thanked by the
order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin on September 8,
1943, and a festive salute was given in Moscow with 20 artillery salvoes
from 224 guns.
War in Eastern Ukraine
On April 12, 2014,
during the armed actions, the City Police Department, the SBU and the
City Executive Committee were captured. Thus, Slavyansk was occupied by
armed members of the "People's Militia of Donbass" and declared to be
part of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic.
In
captured Slavyansk, local residents were persecuted, illegally detained,
ill-treated, tortured, and some were executed.
After three months
of hostilities, Slavyansk returned to Ukrainian control, and the
national flag of Ukraine was again raised over the Slavyansk city
council. After the liberation, three mass graves of local residents were
found on the territory of the city.
In 2020, elections to the
City Council were held: OPPL-14, OB-6, CH-6, PMR-5, NK-4, EU-3.
The volume of industrial production is 2842 million hryvnia (2011).
Slavyanskaya TPP has the largest share in the city's economy, where
for the first time in Europe two powerful power units of 800,000 kW each
have been installed.
The main industry of the city is mechanical
engineering. In Slavyansk are located:
Slavyansk Heavy Machinery
Plant (Slavtyazhmash) - manufactures coke-chemical equipment, founded in
1931. In 2016, it is cut into scrap metal.
The plant of construction
machines ("Betonmash") is one of the oldest plants in Slavyansk, founded
in 1941. The enterprise manufactures concrete mixing equipment, spare
parts for the mining and metallurgical complex, assemblies of coke
batteries.
Slavyansk Machine-Building Plant. Founded in 1945, since
2011 - machine-building. Currently, coke-chemical equipment, overhead
cranes and other mechanical equipment are being manufactured.
machine-building enterprise "Agregat"
"Mechanical Plant"
In
the field of production of building materials, chalk and lime, a
chalk-lime plant stands out.
Ceramic production is traditional
for the city. Hundreds of private entrepreneurs are engaged in this
business, supplying a wide range of ceramic products to the market of
Ukraine and neighboring countries, providing employment for the
population and revenues to the local budget. There are also two
relatively young joint ventures, namely the Ukrainian-Italian company
JSC "Zeus Keramika" (since 2003), specializing in the production of
building materials from porcelain stoneware, and the Ukrainian-British
plant for the production of ceramic masses "Ceramic masses of Donbass"
(since 2005).
Competitive on the international market are the
products of the Slavyansk Plant of High-Voltage Insulators.
The
Slavoliya, Khleb enterprises, the Ukrainka garment factory, and others
operate.
Leased enterprise "Salt mining company". The only
manufacturer of high-quality Extra salt in Ukraine containing 95.4%
NaCl. Slavyansk used to be a large industrial center for the production
of soda based on local deposits of rock salt.
Slavyansk is the
center of the Yuzovsky shale gas field. The development of the field was
supposed by Shell since 2015, but after the armed conflict in 2014, the
plans were canceled.
An important component of the city's economy
is the Slavic resort, one of the oldest in Ukraine, for more details see
below.
The city is a junction of roads and railways. There are 4 railway
stations on the territory of Slavyansk: the main station with a
locomotive and wagon depot Slavyansk, a freight station named after.
Kozhushko (former Mashchermet), passenger and cargo Slavyansky Kurort
and unused dead-end Slavyansk-Vetka. Three railway lines go to Lozovaya,
Liman and Kramatorsk.
The Kharkiv-Rostov M-03 E 40 highway passes
along the edge of the city, and the national highway Slavyansk-Mariupol
H-20 starts from it. Gorelektrotransport consists of trolleybuses. For
2021, there are 3 permanent routes, one more operates in the summer. The
main public transport is shuttle buses.
Two universities have been opened in the city: the Donbass State
Pedagogical University and the Institute of Scientific, Pedagogical and
Industrial Infrastructure, as well as five secondary specialized
educational institutions and 35 schools.
Slavic College of the
National Aviation University (Central Street)
Slavic
Chemical-Mechanical College (Central Street)
Slavic College of
Railway Transport (Gagarin St.)
Slavic Power Engineering College
(Teacher Street)
Slavic State Agrarian College (Svoboda St.)
Slavic Professional Engineering Lyceum (spml15.ucoz.ru)
Slavic
Professional Art Lyceum (vocational school No. 76)
Vocational school
No. 56 (Gagarin street)
Vocational school No. 146 (Science street)
Evening school (Poshtovaya street, currently not working. A psychiatric
dispensary is located in its place.)