Vinnitsa region is an area in Central Ukraine. The population is 1.6
million people (2018). Vinnitsa region was
formed on February 27, 1932, when the Central Executive Committee of the
USSR approved the resolution of the IV extraordinary session of the
All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 9, 1932 on the
creation of five regions on the territory of Ukraine. The regional
center is the city of Vinnitsa, whose population as of November 2020 is
370.0 thousand people. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper
within the Podolsk Upland.
In the west it borders on Chernivtsi
and Khmelnytsky, in the north - on Zhytomyr, in the east - on Kiev,
Kirovograd and Cherkasy, in the south - on the Odessa regions of Ukraine
and the Republic of Moldova, including part of the border falls on the
unrecognized Transnistria.
Vinnitsa
Khmilnik
On the territory of the region there are many preserved old
estates and estates with garden and park ensembles, which were the
basis for the creation in 1920-1923. the first Soviet health
resorts, as well as landscape parks, museums, temples and castles:
Antopol (Tomashpolsky district) (Palace of Anthony Jan Nepomucen
Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky),
Bar (St. Anne's Church of 1811,
Intercession Convent of 1616, house of M. M. Kotsiubinsky),
Brailov (Zhmerinsky district) (the estate of N. von Meck (now the
state museum of P. I. Tchaikovsky), Holy Trinity Convent),
Bush
(Yampolsky district) (remains of an ancient fortress, ethnographic
museum),
Voronovitsa (Vinnitsa region) (Museum of the History of
Aviation and Cosmonautics named after A. F. Mozhaisky),
Mogilev-Podolsky (Nikolaev Cathedral of 1754, wooden church of St.
Paraskeva of 1775),
Murovanie Kurilovtsy (estate of the landowner
A. Komar),
Pechera (Tulchinsky district) (Count Pototsky park
with artificial thresholds and grottoes),
Old Priluka (Lipovetsky
district) (estate of the landowner S. Mering),
Strizhavka
(military headquarters of A. Hitler "Werewolf").
For vacationers
and tourists, historical and architectural monuments and other
sights of the region and the Bratslav region are of interest. In
Vinnitsa - the wooden churches of Nicholas (1746) and Yuri (1726),
the Transfiguration (1616) and Blagoveshchensk (1626) monasteries,
complexes of buildings of the Jesuit, Dominican and Capuchin
monasteries (XVII-XVIII centuries); palace ensemble (1770s) in the
estate of M. Grokholsky in the Pyatnichany region.
In the
Mogilev-Podolsk region (on the Dniester, the village of Lyadova)
there are the remains of castle fortifications of the 17th century,
in the city of Bar there is a Carmelite monastery (1531).
In
the city of Tulchin, pos. Nemirov, as well as the villages of
Verkhovtsy and Obodivtsy - palace and park ensembles of the
18th-19th centuries (in Tulchin, the most grandiose manor building
of the 18th century in Ukraine is the palace ensemble; architect
Lacroix).
Of interest are the expositions of local history
museums in Vinnitsa, Mogilev-Podolsky and Tulchin (the building of
the officers' assembly), the literary and memorial museum of M. M.
Kotsyubinsky in Vinnitsa, the museums of the Decembrist P. I. Pestel
in Tulchin, the commander A. V. Suvorov in the village. Timanovka,
the reserve complex of a large Ukrainian scientist, microbiologist
and epidemiologist D.K. Zabolotny in the village. Chebotark.
In Vinnitsa there is (in the former village of Pirogovo, on the
banks of the Vishenka River) a memorial estate museum of the founder
of military field surgery N. I. Pirogov, where his embalmed body is
preserved in a crypt (in the church-tomb).
Vinnitsa region is located in the Right-bank Ukraine, in the eastern
part of Podolia. In the north, the region borders on the Zhytomyr
region, in the east - on the Kyiv, Cherkasy and Kirovograd regions, in
the west - on the Khmelnitsky and Chernivtsi regions, in the south - on
the Odessa region and Moldova.
Outlying settlements and their
geocoordinates
In the north - with. Kashperovka, Khmelniksky
district; coordinates: 49.8604774,28.8905325,15.3z
In the south -
with. Chervonaya Polyana, Tulchinsky district; coordinates:
48.1048547,28.8947556,15z
In the west - with. Brigidovka, Khmelnyksky
district; coordinates: 49.0006117.27.3968647.15z
In the east - with.
Pogorelaya Gaysinsky district; coordinates: 48.6381217,29.934033,14z
Most of the territory of the region is located within the Podolsk (height up to 362 m) and Prydniprovska (height up to 323 m) uplands. The surface of the Vinnitsa region is an undulating plain, rising to the northwest and lowering to the south and southeast. Its southwestern part is especially strongly dissected by narrow valleys of the meridional left tributaries of the Dniester.
The climate is temperate continental. Winter is moderately mild. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is from -4 °C to -6 °C (-5.7 °C, Vinnitsa). Summer is warm and sunny; cf. temperature of the warmest (July) approx. 18°C. Precipitation is 500-550 mm per year, mainly in summer (in the warm period - 375-400 mm). The number of hours of sunshine up to 1850 per year. The duration of the growing season (with temperatures above 10 ° C) is about 180-200 days.
In the central part of the region, the Southern Bug River flows from northwest to southeast with tributaries Zgar, Rov, Selnitsa, Dokhna, Snivoda, Desna, Sob, Udych, along the southwestern border of the region the Dniester River flows with left tributaries: Lyadova, Kamenka , Nemia, Murafa, etc. The rivers are used for small-scale navigation and as sources of hydropower.
Fertile soils prevail on the territory of the Vinnytsia region. In the northeastern part of the region, mainly chernozems are widespread, in the central - gray and light gray, in the southeast and in the Transnistrian regions - alternation of thick chernozems with podzolized soils.
Vinnitsa region is located in the forest-steppe zone. Oak, hornbeam,
ash, linden, maple, and pine grow in the forests.
Forests and
bushes occupy 12.6% of the territory of the region, treeless spaces are
plowed up.
Fauna: roe deer, wolf, fox, marten, squirrel, hare;
along the banks of rivers and other bodies of water - minks, otters,
ducks, geese.
A 22,000-year-old mammoth tusk found near the village of Doroshovka
bears the oldest image of a deer in Ukraine. In Vinnitsa, the Late
Paleolithic includes the site on Cherry Spusk Street in Sabarov (25,000
years ago) and the Epigravetian site in the Pyatnichansky Forest, which
was found below the cultural layer of the Belogrudovo culture of the
Bronze Age.
At the settlement of Bernashovka, objects of the
Eneolithic Trypillia culture (IV-III millennium BC) were studied.
The mitochondrial haplogroups R, U5a1i1*, U5a2b, X4a1 (n=2), U2e1a1,
U4c1-a*, J1c2m*, J2b1a, H2a1*, W3a1a*, W3a1k were identified in the
Yamnaya culture samples (5300–3550 years ago).
The Nemirov
settlement is a multi-layered monument of archeology of the Scythian
time.
Objects of Poenesti-Lukashevo culture in the settlement of
Bernashovka date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, objects of Prague
culture - to the 5th-7th centuries. Stone molds for casting small
jewelry (decorations) from low-melting alloys, similar to Bernashevsky,
were found at many sites of the Penkov and Prague cultures in the Bug
region, the Dniester region, Romania and Poland. In Grigorovka,
archaeologists found earrings of the pastoral type.
In the 9th
century, Slavic tribes of streets, Buzhans and Tivertsy lived on the
lands of the present Vinnitsa region, which were part of the ancient
Russian state - Kievan Rus. Over time, this region was annexed to the
Galicia-Volyn principality. The Old Russian sword of the beginning of
the 11th century, found near the village of Glukhovtsy near Berdichev,
belongs to type A - local.
The territory of the region was
devastated during the Mongol invasion of 1237-1240. After the victory in
1362 of the army of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd over the Mongol army in
the battle of Blue Waters, Podolia fell under the rule of the Lithuanian
principality. Since 1569, the territory of the region was part of
Poland. According to the Treaty of Buchach in 1672, Poland gave the
Turks a significant part of the Podolsky, Bratslav and Kyiv provinces,
but in 1686 they returned these lands.
In the XVII century - the
beginning of the XVIII century, Cossack regiments were located on the
territory of the Vinnitsa region: the Vinnitsa (Kalnitsky) regiment with
centers in Vinnitsa and Kalnik, the Bratslav regiment with a center in
Bratslav, the Podolsk regiment with a center in Mogilev-Podolsky, the
Chechelnitsky regiment with a center in Chechelnik, The Zhivotovsky
regiment with its center in Zhivotovo, as well as the Cossack hundreds
(in particular, Bershadskaya and Ladyzhinsky) of the Umansky regiment
and the Pavolochsky regiment.
As a result of the second partition
of Poland in 1793, the territory of the region became part of the
Russian Empire. On April 13, 1793, the Bratslav province was established
from the Podolsk and Bratslav provinces. Based on the royal decrees of
May 22, 1795, the Bratslav governorate was created, which was divided
into 13 districts. Having ascended the throne, Paul I, by decree of
December 12, 1796, liquidated the Bratslav vicegerency, and his lands
became part of the Podolsk (Bratslav, Vinnitsa, Litinsky, Bershad,
Gaisinsky, Yampolsky, Mogilev, Tulchinsky and Khmelnitsky counties) and
the Kiev provinces (Makhnovsky, Skvirsky , Lipovetsky and Pyatigorsk
counties).
During the formation of the Podolsk province in 1796,
the territory of the region became part of it as the Vinnitsa district.
During the civil war of 1917-1920, the authorities in the cities and
villages of the future Vinnitsa region changed several times, and at the
end of the war, the territory of the region became part of the Ukrainian
SSR.
Vinnitsa region was formed on February 27, 1932, among the
first five regions of the Ukrainian SSR. On September 22, 1937,
Kamenetz-Podolsk region was separated from the territory of the region.
In 1941, during the Great Patriotic War, the territory of the
Vinnitsa region was occupied by German troops, the Werewolf bunker,
Hitler's headquarters, was built near Vinnitsa. In 1944 Vinnitsa region
was liberated by the Red Army.
In the post-war years, the region
was actively restored and soon became the leader in sugar beet growing
and the sugar industry of the USSR. Also, the region was distinguished
by vegetable growing, horticulture and animal husbandry.
In 1958
Vinnitsa region was awarded the Order of Lenin.
After the
collapse of the USSR in December 1991, it is part of Ukraine.
The actual population of the region as of January 1, 2020 is
1,545,416 people, including the urban population of 799,385 people, or
51.7%, the rural population - 746,031 people, or 48.3%.
As of
December 5, 2001 (Ukrainian census), the population of Vinnitsa region
was 1,772,400 people, of which 818,900 live in cities, 953,500 live in
villages. The actual population of the region, as of December 1, 2013,
amounted to 1,619,253 people (which is 1,090 people less than November
1), including the urban population of 815,423 people (50.36%), the rural
population of 803,830 people (49. 64%. The permanent population is
1,612,168 people. Including urban population - 806,417 people (50.02%),
rural - 805,751 people (49.98%). The rural population is the largest
after the Lviv region among the regions of Ukraine. Representatives of
92 nationalities live in the region, among which 93.5% are Ukrainians,
3.9% Russians, 1.4% Jews, 0.4% Poles, 0.26% Belarusians, 0.2% Moldovans
.
The largest cities of the region are Vinnytsia (370.7
thousand), Zhmerynka (34.4 thousand), Mogilev-Podolsky (30.4 thousand),
Khmilnyk (27.4 thousand), Kazatin (23.0 thousand), Gaisin (25. 8
thousand), Ladyzhin (22.6 thousand), Kalinovka (18.8 thousand), Bar
(15.8 thousand).
According to professional structuring, among the
employed population there are 326,400 workers in agriculture, forestry
and fisheries, 127,500 in industry, 105,900 in services and trade, 59.0
thousand in education, 51.1 thousand in healthcare and social assistance
, 44.7 thousand - in the field of transport and communications.
02/27/1932 - Vinnitsa region was formed as part of 69 districts and 2
cities of regional subordination.
10/15/1932 - Babansky,
Monastyrishchensky, Oratovsky, Pliskivsky, Pogrebishchensky, Umansky and
Khristinovsky districts were transferred to the Kyiv region.
March 7,
1933 - Yurinetsky district was renamed Satanovsky.
December 1, 1933 -
64 districts in the region.
04/01/1935 - 4 districts were created.
01/01/1937 - 44 districts and 4 districts (total 74 districts): Barsky,
Bershadsky, Bratslavsky, Vinnitsa, Vovkovinetsky, Voronovitsky,
Gaysinsky, Dashevsky, Derazhnyansky, Dzhulinsky, Zhmerinsky, Zatonsky,
Dzerzhinsky Ilyinetsky, Kalinovsky, Kazatinsky, Medzhibozhsky,
Nemirovsky , Obodovsky, Olgopolsky, Ostropilsky, Peschansky,
Sitkovetsky, Shpikovsky, Yanushpilsky districts; Kamenetz-Podolsky
(Dunaevets, Minkovetsky, Novoushytsky, Oryninsky, Smotrytsky,
Solobkovetsky, Staroushytsky and Chemerovets Yarishivsky Mikhalpilsky,
Satanovsky, Chernoostrovsky, Yarmolinetsky districts), Shepetovsky
(Antoninsky, Berezdovsky, districts) districts.
September 22, 1937 -
33 districts went to the Kamenetz-Podolsky region (Vinkovetsky
(Zatonsky), Vovkovynetsky, Derazhnyansky, Letychevsky, Medzhibozhsky,
districts of Kamenetz-Podolsky, Proskurovsky and Shepetovsky districts),
4 - to Zhytomyr (Dzerzhinsky, Lyubarsky, Chudnovsky, Yanushpilsky ).
There are 37 districts left in the region; 4 districts were transferred
from the Kyiv region: Monastyrishchensky, Oratovsky, Pliskovsky,
Pogrebishchensky.
1946 - Dzhurinsky district was created.
On June
4, 1958, the Mogilev-Podolsky district was formed (45 districts in
total).
1954 - Monastyrishchensky district went to the Cherkasy
region.
1950s - 12 districts were abolished: Voronovitsky, Dashevsky
(01.21.1959), Dzhulinsky, Dzhurinsky, Kopaygorodsky, Obodovsky
(01.21.1959), Olgopolsky, Samgorodsky, Sitkovetsky (01.21.1959),
Stanislavchitsky, Turbovsky, Yampolsky.
1962 - consolidation of
districts (instead of 32, 13 were created): Barsky, Bershadsky,
Gaisinsky, Zhmerinsky, Kalinovsky, Kozyatinsky, Kryzhopolsky,
Lipovetsky, Mogilev - Podolsky, Nemirovsky, Pogrebishchensky,
Tulchinsky, Khmelnitsky.
January 4, 1965 - Vinnitsa, Ilyinetsky,
Tyvrovsky, Trostyanetsky, Shargorodsky and Yampolsky districts were
restored.
December 30, 1966 - Litinsky, Murovanokurilovets,
Peschansky, Teplitsky, Tomashpolsky, Chechelnitsky districts were
restored.
1979 - Oratovsky district was restored.
November 28,
1990 - Chernevetsky district was created.
The authorities of the Vinnitsa region are located in Vinnitsa.
Authorities and officials of the Vinnytsia region are:
Vinnytsia
Regional State Administration is a local executive body of the Vinnytsia
region.
The Chairman of the Vinnitsa Regional State Administration is
the highest official in the region. The position is held by Sergey
Borzov.
Vinnytsia Regional Rada is a local self-government body of
the Vinnytsia region. The term of office of deputies is 5 years. Elected
by the population of the region, the current composition was formed in
2020.
The Chairman of the Vinnitsa Regional Council is the head of
the local self-government body of the Vinnitsa region. Elected by the
deputies of the regional council. The position is held by Vyacheslav
Sokolovy.
The economy of the region is mostly focused on the agricultural
sector and the manufacturing industry. All leading industries (with the
exception of electricity) are directly related to the production of
agricultural products, from the production of machinery and fertilizers
to the processing of agricultural raw materials. The largest industrial
enterprises of the region are radio engineering, distillery, the Crystal
plant, Khimprom CJSC and an oil and fat plant in the city of Vinnitsa,
machine-building plants named after. Kirov in the city of
Mogilev-Podolsky and in the city of Bar. The region accounts for 12.7%
of the industrial and production potential of Ukraine, 2% of the cost of
fixed production assets and 2.6% of industrial output.
There are
such main branches of industry in the Vinnytsia region as: food
industry, engineering, light industry, production of building materials.
Agricultural production in the region is carried out by more than
700 collective agricultural and inter-farm enterprises, more than 100
state farms, 846 rural (farm) and 333 auxiliary and procurement farms, 4
research stations, a research institute for feed. There are enterprises
for processing sunflower seeds and cereals in the Vinnytsia region.
Vinnytsia occupies the 1st place in the country in terms of gross
production of sugar and grain.
More than 1100 deposits and
deposits of 30 types of various minerals, dozens of peat deposits, as
well as deposits of granite and kaolin, garnet and fluorite have been
found in the bowels of the region. In the region there are a number of
sources of mineral and radon water in the town of Khmilnyk.
The
industrial potential of the region is concentrated in enterprises -
Ladyzhinskaya GRES, associations "Oktyabr", "Infrakon", "Mayak",
"Kristall", "Vinnitsa Bearing Plant", "Khimprom", dozens of processing
and light industry enterprises. About 400 enterprises operate in various
industries in the region.
The sectoral structure of industry in the Vinnytsia region includes
the food industry, mechanical engineering, light industry, the
production of building materials, the electrical and radio engineering
industry, agricultural engineering, and instrument making.
mechanical engineering
Includes:
Vinnitsa plant of tractor units,
producing components and spare parts for tractors and combines;
Kalinovsky Machine-Building Plant;
Mogilev-Podolsky Machine-Building
Plant and Barsky Machine-Building Plant.
Building materials industry
In this industry, the main place is occupied by kaolin production
(Turbovsky kaolin plant and Glukhovetsky plant), as well as granite
mining (Gnivansky, Zhezhelevsky, Gubnikovsky granite quarries). The
centers of the construction industry are the cities of Vinnitsa, Gnivan,
Glukhovtsy, Ladyzhyn, Nemirov and Pogrebishche.
The resort resources of the Vinnitsa region, along with a good climate, are mineral waters, primarily the radon waters of the Novokhmelnikovsky deposit, on the basis of which the Khmelnik resort operates. Other deposits of mineral waters of various chemical composition have also been discovered on the territory of the region. Some of them are used as table mineral waters and go on sale under the name "Regina", "Podolskaya", "Shumilovskaya" and others. Near Khmelnyk there is a deposit of peat therapeutic mud (Voytovtsy bog), which is used for mud therapy in the Khmilnyk resort. In the Vinnitsa region, there are the Pechera resort (Bugsky rapids), 14 sanatoriums, including 6 children's, 3 boarding houses and 6 rest houses, including the largest of them, Avangard, located in the city of Nemirov.