Location: Healy, Alaska
Area: 6,075,107 acres (24,585 km2)
Denali National Park and Reserve is located in inland Alaska and covers an area around Mount Denali (McKinley until 2015), the highest mountain in North America. The park covers an area of 24,585 km². Christopher McCandless is famous for having lived in it for 4 months, surviving completely alone, before dying. The Alaska mountain range runs through the park and comprises several of Denali's ecosystems. It lodges the Denali mount, the highest of the United States with 6194 meters above sea level, and is therefore one of the Seven Summits. Due to its proximity to the Arctic Circle, its ascent poses extreme difficulties for climbers, despite not being one of the 100 highest peaks in the world. Due to its different altitudes, the park presents several plant zones. Forested areas are rare, with the exception of some southern flat areas near Wonder Lake. In fact, most of the park is composed of tundra. The most frequent trees are spruces and willows, which due to the mineral conditions of the place do not usually develop fully. Cranberries and bison cherries are not rare, and are the basis of the diet of the park's bears. There are also 450 species of flowers, which can be seen mainly in summer, such as the goldenrod, the epilobium, lupine, scilla or gentian.
Individuals entering the
Denali National Park must pay a $10 fee, good for seven days. A
vehicle entrance fee is $20, also good for seven days.
There
are several passes for groups traveling together in a private
vehicle or individuals on foot or on bike. These passes provide free
entry at national parks and national wildlife refuges, and also
cover standard amenity fees at national forests and grasslands, and
at lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management and Bureau of
Reclamation. These passes are valid at all national parks including
Denali National Park:
The $80 Annual Pass (valid for twelve
months from date of issue) can be purchased by anyone. Military
personnel can obtain a free annual pass in person at a federal
recreation site by showing a Common Access Card (CAC) or Military
ID.
U.S. citizens or permanent residents age 62 or over can
obtain a Senior Pass (valid for the life of the holder) in person at
a federal recreation site for $80, or through the mail for $90;
applicants must provide documentation of citizenship and age. This
pass also provides a fifty percent discount on some park amenities.
Seniors can also obtain a $20 annual pass.
U.S. citizens or
permanent residents with permanent disabilities can obtain an Access
Pass (valid for the life of the holder) in person at a federal
recreation site at no charge, or through the mail for $10;
applicants must provide documentation of citizenship and permanent
disability. This pass also provides a fifty percent discount on some
park amenities.
Individuals who have volunteered 250 or more
hours with federal agencies that participate in the Interagency Pass
Program can receive a free Volunteer Pass.
4th graders can
receive an Annual 4th Grade Pass that allows free entry for the
duration of the 4th grade school year (September-August) to the
bearer and any accompanying passengers in a private non-commercial
vehicle. Registration at the Every Kid in a Park website is
required.
In 2018 the National Park Service will offer four days
on which entry is free for all national parks: January 15 (Martin
Luther King Jr. Day), April 21 (1st Day of NPS Week), September 22
(National Public Lands Day), and November 11 (Veterans Day weekend).
Fees can be confusing for Denali National Park. First of all,
there is no park entrance station. As you begin to drive the Park
Road, you are greeted by a gigantic sign that says "Denali National
Park," but you will not be stopped until the staffed gate at mile 15
which is the limit people can drive with their private vehicle. If
you drive up to that gate, you will simply be asked to turn around.
Fees within the first 15 miles of the park, while required, are
done pretty much on the honor system. If you stop in the visitor
center and ask, "Do I need to pay an entrance fee?" The answer is,
"Yes." However, if you had kept driving, nobody will check to see if
you've paid.
"How then," you may ask, "does the park collect
its entrance fees?" Well, if you buy a bus ticket (the only way to
get on the park road past mile 15), or if you stay in a campground,
you will automatically be charged an entrance fee. More than 90% of
the visitors who enter Denali take a bus at one point or another.
The park was founded on February 26, 1917 as Mount McKinley National Park after the name of the mountain at the time and was renamed Denali National Park on December 2, 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act and expanded by almost 10,000 km². The extension areas have the lower protection status of a National Preserve, in which hunting is permitted. In 1976 the area was declared an international biosphere reserve. The park is classified as Category V (Protected Landscape) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Today, the park is visited by over 400,000 people annually and is known for wildlife viewing, mountaineering and hiking. The Parkstraße (and thus the public service in the park) is open from mid-May to mid-September.
Access to the park entrance is via the Alaska Railroad, plane, or the
George Parks Highway, which runs between Anchorage and Fairbanks. A
92-mile road to Kantishna, which branches off the George Parks Highway
and runs east-west along the Alaska Range, leads into the interior of
the park. Only the first 15 miles of the road are paved and allowed for
private vehicles. Visitors can get inside the park by one of the many
shuttle buses that regularly travel the park road from May to September,
on foot, by bicycle or as part of a guided bus tour. You can also drive
a mobile home up to certain campsites.
There are only paved paths
at the entrance to the park and at the visitor center named after Carl
Ben Eielson. With the exception of a few permanent or temporary
restricted areas, the park is freely accessible. Camping in the
wilderness outside of the few designated campgrounds along the park road
requires a permit (free) and a briefing from the park rangers, including
proper bear behavior. At the end of the park road is Wonder Lake, which
offers good views of Mount Denali on a clear day.
The vegetation in the park consists of mixed forest in the lower
regions, tundra in the middle elevations, and glaciers such as Ruth
Glacier and rock with little vegetation in the higher elevations. In
summer, grizzly bears, elk (the American species, called "Moose"),
caribou and wolves can be seen. Dall sheep can be seen up close on the
mountain slopes, particularly at Polychrome Pass.
In winter there
are opportunities for dog sledding, skiing or snowmobiling.
The
subarctic climate of the national park is characterized by long,
extremely cold winters and short, warm summers. Even in summer,
precipitation can, albeit rarely, fall as snow. Due to its location only
around 300 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle, it does not get dark
at the end of June/beginning of July, but the daylight times at the end
of December are extremely short.
A US Army helicopter flew the Magic Bus out of the national park in June 2020. The bus was used in the film Into the Wild and became famous for that. The young dropout Christopher McCandless lived alone in the abandoned bus in 1992. The onset of snowmelt cut off his return journey across the Teklanika River and he died. After the film was released in 2007, the bus became a place of pilgrimage for outdoor enthusiasts and adventure seekers. A dozen people had to be rescued on the way to the "Magic Bus" each season. Crossing the mountain river in particular is dangerous. In 2010 a Swiss woman died and in 2019 a Belarusian.[