Mongolia is a country in East Asia, bordering Russia in the north
and China in the south. Mongolia is among the states that do not
have access to the sea.
The state is a member of almost all
UN structures, as well as some CIS structures as an observer. The
official language is Mongolian, written in Cyrillic (previously, the
old Mongolian script was used for writing).
Geography
Mongolia borders Russia in the north and China in the
south. The capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar. The country has no
access to the sea and is located on a mountainous and desert territory.
The Mongolian Republic is divided into 21 aimags, which in turn have
329 soums. The capital Ulaanbaatar is an independent administrative
unit.
Story
Economy
After a deep economic crisis, the
country is undergoing a transition to a market economy, and at present,
the country, which owns a huge amount of natural wealth, is developing
the most dynamically of all countries in the world. The economy is based
on mining and agriculture. Mongolia ranks second in cashmere production.
Population
Mongols make up about 95 percent of the population.
The rest are Kazakhs, Russians, Buryats, small diasporas of different
peoples.
Cities
Ulaanbaatar - the capital of the country
Darkhan - the second largest city, here is the highest residential
building in Mongolia
Erdenet is the third largest city, one of the
industrial centers of Mongolia. Here is Asia's largest copper-molybdenum
plant
Ulegei - the capital of the Muslim world of Mongolia, most of
the population are Kazakhs
Khovd - former Chinese fortress
Sainshand - here is the famous lamaist monastery Hamaryn-khiid
Kharkhorin is the site of the old capital of the Mongol Empire
Karakorum, the Buddhist monastery Erdene-zu.
Choibalsan - the
industrial center of Eastern Mongolia
Muren is a rapidly developing
city in the north near the southern shore of Lake Khubsugul
Zamyn-Uude - a fast-growing city on the border with China, a free trade
zone
Other destinations
Altai-Tavan-Bogd National Park
Gun-Galuut
Ubsu-Nur
Khubsugul is the deepest lake in Mongolia, the
"younger brother" of Baikal.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Cultural Landscape of the Orkhon River Valley
Ubsunur hollow
Petroglyphs of the Mongolian Altai
The great mountain Burkhan-Khaldun
and the surrounding sacred landscape
Landscapes of Dauria
How to get there
Russian citizens do not need a visa to enter
Mongolia for up to 30 days. Citizens of most other countries, as
well as those requiring a stay of more than 30 days, require a visa.
By plane
Ulaanbaatar (Genghis Khan Airport) - international
flights to the following countries: Russia (Moscow, Irkutsk,
Ulan-Ude), China (Beijing, Hohhot, Erlian, Shanghai, Hong Kong),
Japan (Tokyo, Osaka), South Korea (Seoul, Jeju), Thailand (Bangkok),
Germany (Berlin), Turkey (Istanbul), Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) and
others.
Ulegey - international flights to Kazakhstan
(Ust-Kamenogorsk, Almaty)
Choibalsan - international flights to
China (Hailar)
By train
There is a direct train Moscow -
Ulaanbaatar
By bus
Bus daily routes from Ulan-Ude to
Ulaanbaatar. from Ulan-Ude departure at 7:00 local time with arrival
at approximately 20:00 at the Ulaanbaatar railway station. crossing
point - Kyakhta with a stop for one hour for a break. The bus goes
through Gusinoozersk, Sukhe-Bator, Darkhan.
Transport
Of
all modes of transport in the country, aviation is the most
developed. There is a small airport in every city, and there are
regular flights to the capital.
The road network in the
country is poorly developed, most of the roads are unpaved. The main
transport hub is Ulaanbaatar. Railway transport in the country is
also poorly developed, the main branch is the Trans-Mongolian
highway.
Language
Mongolian, in the west - Kazakh. Older people can know
Russian.
Purchases
The country's currency is the Mongolian
tugrik (MNT). 2390 tugriks are approximately equal to 1USD. Most of the
items in the country are 2-3 times cheaper than in the rest of the
world. Examples:
bread - 1600₮
1.5 l. water - 1600₮
1 kg.
apples - 5500₮
dictionary - 18 000₮
Night life
Active
nightlife is present only in the capital.
Where to stay
In
every, even a small town, there is a hotel, but most of the large hotels
are located in Ulaanbaatar.
Connection
The international
dialing code is +976. Country internet domain .mn
Etymology
The name of the country comes from the ethnonym
"Mongols", the origin of which, in turn, continues to be the subject of
controversy. So, a number of researchers - in particular, N. Ts. Munkuev
- notes that the ethnonym "Mongol" is first found in Chinese sources
"Jiu Tang shu" ("The Old History of the Tang Dynasty", compiled in 945)
in the form of meng-wu shi -wei - "Mongols-Shiwei", and in the "Xin Tang
shu" ("New history of the [dynasty] Tang", compiled in 1045-1060) in the
form of men-wa bu - "tribe of men-wa". In various Khitan and Chinese
sources of the 12th century, the names of meng-ku, manguli, manguzi,
mengu guo were also used for these tribes. D. Banzarov connected the
ethnonym "Mongol" with historical geographical names: the river Mon and
Mount Mona. According to Hasdorj, the people who lived in the nearby
places of Mount Mon in Ordos acquired the name Mon. The word goal was
added to it, as a result of which the name Mongol arose. Gol is a
Mongolian word meaning "central, main". A version was also put forward,
according to which the name Mongol arose by combining the Mongolian
words monkh (“eternal”) and gal (“fire”).
The Mongolian scientist
Zh. Bayasakh suggests that the name Mongol appeared as a result of a
modification of the Mongolian word mongө (“silver”). The connection
between the concepts of Mongol and mongo (“silver”) is mentioned in the
Chinese texts “Hei-da shi-lue” of 1237; they say that the population of
Great Mongolia called their state the "Great Silver Dynasty".
As
B. R. Zoriktuev notes, from the many interpretations of the term Mongol,
a version stands out about its origin from the Tungus-Manchu word mangmu
/ manggu / mangga, meaning “strong, resilient, tight”. According to L.
Bilegt, the name Mongol is the Tungus-Manchu tracing paper of the
Mongolian word kiyan, which translates as “a large stream flowing from
the mountains to the lowlands, stormy, fast and strong; rushing
current." This version was further developed in the works of A. Ochira.