Guilin Hills are situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the north. Its name can be translate as a "Forest of Sweet Osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant sweet osmanthus trees located in the city. Guilin Hills has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography and is one of China's most popular tourist destinations. Guilin Hills are major karst geological formations in a Guangxi region in China. Millions of years ago the region was a part of the sea and was shaped like a gulf. Over time salt water began its erosion of the rock. It was formed by dissolution of limestone by waters leaving picturesque and unusual hills. But besides hills Guilin are also famous for its caves that were formed the same way. In particular two caves, Crown Cave and Reed Flute Cave, are particularly famous and popular among the tourists.
Guilin belongs to the southwestern part of the Nanling mountain system, the average height above sea level is 150 meters. Characterized by karst landscapes, which are the main tourist attractions.
The climate is tropical, monsoonal. Relatively short winter. The seasons are pronounced, but all are distinguished by a large amount of precipitation. The average annual temperature is 18.9℃. August is the hottest month with an average temperature of 23℃. The coldest is January, 15.6℃. No frost - 309 days a year. The annual amount of precipitation is 1949.5 mm, of which 1490-1905 mm evaporate. At the same time, the humidity is relatively constant, at the level of 73-79%. The north wind prevails, averaging 2.2–2.7 m/s. Annually sunny days are 1670 hours. The average atmospheric pressure is 994.9 GPa.
Despite the fact that the administrative unit called "Guilin
District" (桂林郡) was created during the Qin Dynasty, it was located
in a completely different place. These same places during the Han
Empire were part of the established in 205 BC. e. Guiyang County
(桂阳郡). In 111 BC. e. Lingling County (零陵郡) was separated from it,
while Shi'an County (始安县) was created on the site of modern Guilin.
During the Eastern Han era, the county was transformed into Xi'an
fief (始安侯国).
In the era of the Three Kingdoms, when these
lands were conquered by the kingdom of Wu from the kingdom of Shu,
in 265, the Shian district (始安郡) was created, which lasted until the
middle of the first millennium.
In the era of the Southern
and Northern dynasties, the Xian District was disbanded in the 6th
century, and the Guizhou Region (桂州) was created to administer the
regions south of the Nanling Mountains, and after the unification of
Chinese lands into the Sui Empire, the headquarters of the Guizhou
District was located here in 590. commander.
After the change
from the Sui Empire to the Tang Empire, Xi'an County was renamed
Lingui (临桂县) in 634. At the end of the 7th century, the construction
of the Lingqu Canal began, connecting the upper Lijiang (Pearl River
basin) with the upper Xiangjiang (Yangtze basin). At the end of the
9th century, the Guizhou region was devastated during an uprising
led by Huang Chao.
During the Song Empire, in 997, the
Guangnanxi Region (静江路) was created, the authorities of which were
located in the same place as the authorities of the Guizhou region.
In 1133, Guizhou Province was elevated in status and became
Jingjiang County (静江府).
After the Mongol conquest and the
establishment of the Yuan Empire, these places became Jingjiang
Region (静江路). When Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the rule of the Mongols
and founded the Ming Empire, the "regions" were renamed
"governments", and in 1367 the Jingjiang region was renamed the
Jingjiang district (静江府). In 1370, Zhu Yuanzhang gave his
great-nephew Zhu Shouquan the title of "Prince of Jingjiang", and he
placed his residence in these places. In 1372, the Jingjiang
government was renamed the Guilin government (桂林府). The Guilin
Government became the seat of the Guangxi provincial government.
At the end of 1911, the Xinhai Revolution took place in China,
and the military government of Guangxi Province was established in
the seat of the Guilin Government, which moved to Nanning in October
1912. In 1912, Lingui County was disbanded, and its lands came under
the direct control of the authorities of the Guilin Council. In
1913, China carried out a reform of the administrative division
structure, during which the councils were abolished, and therefore
the Guilin government was disbanded, and the territory under the
direct control of its authorities became a county again, this time
called Guilin (桂林县) .
In 1932, the Guangxi provincial
government returned to Guilin County. In June 1940, the urbanized
part of Guilin County and the surrounding area was officially
separated into a separate city of Guilin, and the rest of the county
was again called Lingui. During the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese
army carried out Operation Ichi-Go in 1944, during which on November
10, 1944, they occupied Guilin, which remained under occupation
until the end of the war.
At the final stage of the civil
war, the Kuomintang authorities in Guangxi province moved again from
Guilin to Nanning in October 1949, and on November 22, 1949, Guilin
was occupied by the PLA troops.
As part of the PRC, the
Guilin Special Region (桂林专区) was formed, consisting of 11 counties;
The authorities of the special region were located in the city of
Guilin, but the city itself was not part of the special region,
reporting directly to the authorities of Guangxi Province. In 1951,
Longsheng County (龙胜县) became the county-level Longsheng
Multinational Autonomous Region (龙胜各族自治区). In 1952, Yining County
(义宁县) was disbanded; its lands were divided between Lingchuan County
and the Longsheng Multiethnic Autonomous Region. In 1953, Luzhai
County was transferred from Liuzhou Special Region to Guilin Special
Region, the lands of Ziyuan County were divided between Xing'an and
Quanxian (全县) counties, Baishou County (百寿县) was annexed to Yongfu
County. In 1954, Ziyuan County was re-established and Lingchuan
County was annexed to Guilin County. In 1955, the Longsheng
Plurinational Autonomous Region became the Longsheng Plurinational
Autonomous County.
In 1958, Guangxi Province was transformed
into Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Guilin City was
downgraded to the authority of the Guilin Special Region, while
being divided into Urban and Suburban regions; Luzhai County
returned to Liuzhou Special Region, and Pinle, Gongcheng and Lipu
(荔浦县) counties from the disbanded Pinle Special Region (平乐专区) were
transferred to Guilin Special Region. In 1959, Quanxian County was
renamed Quanzhou. In 1961, Guilin City was withdrawn from the Guilin
Special Region and again became directly subordinate to the
authorities of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In 1962, Lingchuan
County was re-established.
In 1971, the Guilin Special Region
was renamed Guilin County (桂林地区).
On July 1, 1981, the State
Council of the People's Republic of China transferred Yangshuo
County from Guilin County to the jurisdiction of Guilin City.
On October 8, 1983, by the Decree of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China, Lingui County was transferred from
Guilin County to the jurisdiction of the city of Guilin.
On
February 3, 1990, Gongcheng County was reorganized into Gongcheng
Yao Autonomous County by the Decree of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China.
On December 2, 1996, the Guilin
Suburban District (桂林市郊区) was renamed Yanshan District by the Decree
of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
On
August 27, 1998, the State Council of the People's Republic of China
merged Guilin City and Guilin County into Guilin City.
On
January 18, 2013, the State Council of the People's Republic of
China reorganized Lingui County into an urban area.
On August
17, 2018, Lipu County was upgraded to an urban county.
Guilin is a popular holiday destination in China because of its karst
mountains and countless caves. In addition to the Li River, several
tributaries, tributaries and canals meander through the city, which is
surrounded by a whole belt of mountains with bizarre rock formations.
About 50 km south is the small town of Yangshuo, to which river
trips are offered from Guilin on special ships with a very shallow
draft. In the main travel season, up to 10,000 tourists make the
four-hour journey every day (as of 2007). The drive and the surrounding
area of Yangshuo offer mountain scenery similar to Guilin itself, but
even more impressive. It is also possible to take the bus to Yangshuo
and from there take a shortened river trip (approx. 2 hours). Here the
most interesting areas are approached by ship.