Location: 30 km Madaba
The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls, also known as Hammamat Ma’in (Arabic: حمامات ماعين), are a series of natural geothermal springs and hyper-thermal waterfalls located in the Madaba Governorate of Jordan, between the city of Madaba and the Dead Sea. Nestled in a dramatic, rocky canyon 264 meters below sea level, these waterfalls are renowned for their mineral-rich waters, therapeutic properties, and stunning desert oasis setting. The site, approximately 27 kilometers southwest of Madaba and 74 kilometers south of Amman, has attracted visitors for millennia, including, according to tradition, King Herod the Great, who bathed in the springs for their healing qualities. The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls are closely associated with the Ma’in Hot Springs Resort and Spa, which manages access to some of the falls, while others are open to the public.
The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls are part of a geothermal system comprising
63 springs and several waterfalls, formed by a unique geological
process. Rainwater from Jordan’s highland plains, particularly during
the wet season (November–March), seeps into underground lava fissures
near a large fault line. These fissures, heated by subterranean volcanic
activity, warm the water to temperatures ranging from 30°C to 63°C (86°F
to 145°F), and in some cases up to 80°C (176°F) in the hottest pools.
The heated water, enriched with minerals such as sodium, calcium,
chloride, radon, hydrogen sulfide, magnesium, and potassium, then
emerges as springs and cascades over cliffs, creating the waterfalls.
The water eventually flows into the Zarqa River, a tributary of the
Jordan River, contributing to the region’s vibrant ecosystem. The
springs’ proximity to the Dead Sea Rift, a tectonic boundary, explains
their geothermal activity and high mineral content.
Historically,
the Ma’in Hot Springs, originally known as Baaras, have been celebrated
for their therapeutic qualities since antiquity. The Bible and Josephus’
writings suggest that King Herod the Great (r. 37–4 BCE), who resided at
nearby Machaerus Palace (33 km away), frequented the springs to treat
ailments, possibly skin or circulatory conditions. The springs’
reputation as a healing destination persisted through Roman, Byzantine,
and Islamic periods, with Roman bathhouses likely constructed to harness
their waters, as evidenced by references to “Roman baths” in modern
descriptions. In the Byzantine era, the area was part of a Christian
pilgrimage network, given its proximity to sites like the Baptism Site
and Machaerus. After the 746 CE earthquake and subsequent regional
decline, the springs faded from prominence until their modern
rediscovery in the 20th century.
The establishment of the Ma’in
Hot Springs Resort and Spa (originally Evason, now operated by Six
Senses) in the 1980s transformed the site into a modern wellness
destination. The resort’s development, while enhancing accessibility,
has privatized some waterfalls, sparking debates about commercialization
versus public access. Today, the site balances its roles as a luxury
retreat, a medical tourism hub, and a natural wonder, attracting both
international visitors and Jordanians seeking relaxation or health
benefits.
The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls are a striking natural feature, set within a
lush canyon surrounded by arid mountains and palm trees. Below are their
key physical attributes:
Waterfalls and Springs:
The region
hosts 63 springs, but the waterfalls are the primary attraction, with
five main cascades identified in visitor accounts. These include:
65°C Waterfall: The most prominent, pouring into a large pool accessible
to hotel guests and day-pass holders. It cascades from a height of
approximately 30–50 meters, creating a misty, therapeutic environment.
Family Waterfall: A smaller, less intense fall designated for families,
with milder temperatures (30–37°C) and a shallow pool.
Ladies’
Waterfall: A segregated fall for women, offering privacy and similar
mineral-rich waters.
Public Waterfall: Located near the resort
entrance, this fall is accessible for a 15 JOD (21 USD) entry fee,
feeding a terraced pool against the cliffside.
Aesthetic Waterfall:
Facing the hotel restaurant, this fall is for viewing only, enhancing
the resort’s scenic appeal.
Water temperatures vary, with the hottest
pools reaching 60–80°C (140–176°F), too intense for bathing, while the
main pools maintain 30–45°C (86–113°F), ideal for soaking. The public
waterfall’s pool is slightly cooler due to ambient air exposure.
Mineral Composition:
The water is hyper-thermal and rich in minerals,
including sodium, calcium, chloride, radon, hydrogen sulfide, magnesium,
and potassium. These elements contribute to the water’s vibrant
emerald-green hue and therapeutic properties, forming travertine
deposits on surrounding rocks.
The sulfuric smell, noted by visitors,
results from hydrogen sulfide, a common feature of geothermal springs,
which some find off-putting but others associate with healing.
Natural Setting:
The waterfalls are nestled in a canyon 264 meters
below sea level, one of the lowest points on Earth, creating a dramatic
contrast between the arid mountains and the lush oasis. Palm trees,
tamarisk, and mineral-encrusted travertine formations surround the
falls, giving the area a paradisiacal quality.
A natural sauna cave,
adjacent to the 65°C waterfall, is heated by steam from a 80–120°C
spring, offering a unique, if intense, experience. The cave’s sulfuric
odor and high humidity make it more suited for brief visits than
prolonged stays.
The Zarqa River, fed by the springs, flows through
the canyon, historically supporting agriculture and now adding to the
site’s scenic beauty.
Infrastructure:
The Ma’in Hot Springs
Resort and Spa dominates the site, with private pools and waterfalls for
guests. The Cascade Spa, set under a waterfall, features a thermal pool
and lounge area, accessible for 38 JOD (54 USD) or free with spa
treatments.
Public facilities include a Roman bath (indoor hot spring
pool, segregated by gender), changing rooms, showers, and benches.
However, these are often described as basic or poorly maintained, with
limited seating and outdated amenities.
Free public pools, located at
a junction near the resort, are small, overcrowded, and unmaintained,
with water often too hot (up to 60°C) for comfortable bathing.
The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls hold profound cultural, historical, and
therapeutic importance, making them a unique destination in Jordan:
Therapeutic Benefits:
The mineral-rich waters are renowned for
treating cardiovascular, dermatological, muscular, joint, and bone
conditions, as well as improving blood circulation, respiration,
digestion, and relaxation. Radon, though mildly radioactive, is believed
to have therapeutic effects in small doses, while magnesium and
potassium soothe muscles and skin.
Visitors report relief from
chronic pain, stress, and skin conditions like psoriasis, though
prolonged exposure (especially under the waterfall) can cause rashes or
irritation due to the water’s intensity and mineral content.
The
Cascade Spa offers treatments like massages, facials, and body wraps
using mineral-rich ingredients, enhancing the therapeutic experience.
Mud packs, followed by hot baths, are particularly popular for skin
rejuvenation.
Cultural and Biblical Connections:
The springs’
ancient name, Baaras, and their association with Herod the Great tie
them to biblical history. Their proximity to Machaerus (33 km) and the
Baptism Site (40 km) places them within a broader Christian pilgrimage
network, though they are not explicitly religious.
The site’s Roman
bathhouses evoke its use in antiquity, when thermal springs were central
to Roman wellness culture. The term “Roman bath” in modern descriptions
likely refers to these historical structures, now integrated into the
resort.
The waterfalls’ unexpected presence in Jordan’s desert
landscape—famous for Petra and Wadi Rum—surprises visitors, adding to
their cultural allure as a natural wonder.
Tourism and Wellness:
Ma’in is a cornerstone of Jordan’s medical tourism industry, attracting
visitors seeking natural remedies alongside luxury. The resort’s
exclusivity appeals to couples and wellness enthusiasts, while the
public pools draw budget travelers and locals.
The site’s seclusion,
30 minutes from the Dead Sea and 45 minutes from Madaba, offers a
tranquil escape, particularly in winter (November–March), when cooler
ambient temperatures enhance the warm water’s appeal. Summer visits can
be less pleasant due to high heat (up to 40°C/104°F).
The resort’s
dining options, including The Olive (serving traditional Zarb in a
Bedouin tent), The Cellar (wine and cheese tastings), and the Brown Bar
(casual drinks), enrich the cultural experience, blending Jordanian
hospitality with international flair.
Environmental and Social
Context:
The waterfalls highlight Jordan’s geological diversity,
showcasing a rare oasis in a desert nation. Their preservation reflects
Jordan’s commitment to sustainable tourism, though commercialization has
raised concerns about public access and environmental impact.
The
site’s proximity to Mukawir (Machaerus), where John the Baptist was
executed, and the Dead Sea makes it a convenient stop on biblical and
historical tours, enhancing its cultural significance.
Visiting the Ma’in Hot Waterfalls offers a range of experiences, from
luxurious to rustic, depending on access level. Below is a detailed
overview:
Access Options:
Ma’in Hot Springs Resort and Spa:
Hotel Guests: Overnight stays (starting at ~110 JOD/155 USD for two,
including breakfast) grant access to private waterfalls, including the
65°C waterfall and main pool (42°C), open from 6:00 AM to 9:00 PM for
guests only. The pool, fed by an artificial waterfall, is warm and
spacious, with lounge chairs and towels provided.
Day Pass: A 10–15
JOD (14–21 USD) pass allows access to public waterfalls and facilities
(9:00 AM–9:00 PM), including the Roman bath and family/ladies’ pools.
Spa access costs 38 JOD (54 USD) or is free with treatments (e.g.,
60-minute massage, ~50 JOD).
Spa: The Cascade Spa, under a waterfall,
offers premium treatments and a private thermal pool, ideal for couples
seeking luxury.
Public Pools (Free): Located at a junction near the
resort, these pools are small, overcrowded, and unmaintained, with water
often too hot (60°C) for bathing. They are not recommended due to
hygiene concerns and lack of amenities.
Public Waterfall (Paid): A 15
JOD (21 USD) entry fee provides access to a terraced pool and waterfall
near the resort entrance. Facilities include basic changing rooms,
showers, and a small shop, but maintenance is inconsistent, and crowds
can detract from the experience.
Activities and Amenities:
Bathing: Soaking in the main pool or under the 65°C waterfall is the
primary activity, with water temperatures ideal for relaxation
(30–45°C). The family and ladies’ waterfalls offer segregated options,
ensuring cultural sensitivity.
Sauna Cave: A natural steam cave near
the main waterfall provides a sauna-like experience, though its heat
(80–120°C) and sulfuric smell limit stays to a few minutes.
Spa
Treatments: Massages, facials, and mud packs at the Cascade Spa enhance
the therapeutic experience, with treatments tailored to leverage the
water’s minerals.
Dining: The resort’s restaurants (The Olive, Brown
Bar, Panorama) offer Jordanian and international cuisine, with stunning
waterfall views. The public area has an overpriced café for snacks and
drinks.
Hiking: A 2.5-mile (4 km) trail to the Dead Sea, starting at
the resort, offers scenic views but requires sturdy shoes due to rocky
terrain and river crossings. The trail was damaged by floods, so guided
hikes are recommended.
Practical Information:
Location and
Access: Ma’in is 27 km from Madaba (15–20 minutes), 74 km from Amman (60
minutes), and 30 km from the Dead Sea (30 minutes). The drive involves
steep, winding roads (King’s Highway), which can be challenging for
small cars. Taxis from Madaba cost ~15–20 JOD one-way; from Amman, ~30
JOD.
Opening Hours: Public access is 9:00 AM–9:00 PM; hotel guests
have early access from 6:00 AM. The site is open year-round, with winter
(November–March) recommended for cooler weather and fuller waterfalls.
Entry Fees: Public waterfall: 15 JOD (21 USD); resort day pass: 10–15
JOD (14–21 USD); spa access: 38 JOD (54 USD); free public pools: no fee
but poor conditions.
What to Bring: Conservative swimwear (covering
shoulders and knees for cultural respect), flip-flops, towels (unless
provided by the resort), sunscreen, and water. Changing rooms are basic,
so prepare to store belongings on benches.
Safety Tips: Avoid
prolonged exposure under the waterfall (10–15 minutes max) to prevent
rashes or burns due to heat and minerals. The sauna cave is intense;
limit visits to 5–10 minutes. Check road conditions, as the descent to
Ma’in is steep and zigzaggy.
Visitor Feedback:
Positives:
Visitors praise the waterfalls’ beauty, therapeutic benefits, and serene
setting. The resort’s private pools and spa are highlights for those
seeking luxury, with clean rooms and excellent food. The natural sauna
cave and nighttime lighting of the falls add unique appeal.
Negatives: Public facilities are often criticized for poor maintenance
(dirty changing rooms, limited seating, floating debris). The public
waterfall can be crowded, especially on weekends, and the free pools are
unhygienic. Some find the resort overpriced, with spa treatments and
taxi fares (e.g., 30 JOD for a 12-minute ride) seen as exploitative.
Maintenance issues, like broken sunbeds or moss in pools, detract from
the 5-star experience.
The Ma’in Hot Waterfalls are in a relatively stable state, supported
by the resort’s infrastructure and Jordan’s tourism initiatives, but
challenges persist:
Preservation Efforts:
The Ma’in Hot
Springs Resort and Spa maintains private waterfalls and pools, with
staff regularly cleaning moss, leaves, and debris, though natural
elements (flies, travertine deposits) are inevitable. The resort’s
eco-conscious design minimizes environmental impact, using geothermal
water sustainably.
The Jordanian government promotes Ma’in as a
medical tourism destination, with the Ministry of Tourism ensuring road
access and safety. However, public facilities receive less investment,
leading to complaints about hygiene and upkeep.
Environmental
concerns include water overuse and potential contamination from tourism.
The Zarqa River’s flow is monitored to prevent ecological damage, but
upstream damming (similar to the Jordan River) could affect spring
volume.
Current Condition:
The private waterfalls (65°C,
family, ladies’) are well-maintained, with clear, warm water and
functional pools. The spa’s thermal pool and sauna cave are in good
condition, though the cave’s heat limits use.
The public waterfall
and Roman bath are functional but dated, with worn changing rooms,
limited seating, and occasional debris. The free public pools are
neglected, with dirty water and no amenities, making them largely
unusable.
The resort’s grounds show signs of wear (e.g., cracked
walkways, drained outdoor pools), and some visitors report inconsistent
service, though rooms and dining remain high-quality.
Tourism and
Accessibility:
Ma’in is accessible via the King’s Highway, with daily
transfers from the Dead Sea offered by the resort (additional cost).
Public transport is limited, so private cars or taxis are recommended.
The site is 15 minutes from Madaba, making it a feasible day trip with
Mount Nebo or Mukawir.
The resort caters to luxury travelers, with
rooms starting at 71 JOD (100 USD) and spa treatments from 50 JOD. Day
passes (10–15 JOD) make the public waterfall accessible to budget
travelers, though the experience is less polished.
The site is less
crowded than the Dead Sea, especially on weekdays, but weekends attract
local families, reducing tranquility. Winter visits offer fuller
waterfalls and cooler weather, while summer can be uncomfortably hot.
While Ma’in lacks the extensive archaeological record of sites like
Petra or Jerash, its historical and geological significance has been
studied:
Geological Studies: Research confirms the springs’
geothermal origin, tied to the Dead Sea Rift’s fault lines. The water’s
mineral composition, analyzed for therapeutic properties, supports
claims of health benefits, though radon’s effects are debated due to its
radioactivity.
Historical Context: Josephus’ references to Baaras and
Herod’s visits suggest a long-standing wellness tradition, possibly
linked to Roman balneotherapy. The “Roman bath” likely preserves
elements of ancient infrastructure, though no major excavations have
been conducted.
Biblical Connections: The springs’ proximity to
Machaerus and the Baptism Site places them in a biblical landscape,
though their role is secular rather than sacred. Scholars see Ma’in as
part of a regional network of healing sites in antiquity.
Tourism
Impact: Studies highlight the tension between commercialization and
preservation, with the resort’s exclusivity limiting public access.
Calls for improved public facilities and environmental monitoring aim to
balance tourism with sustainability.