Grenaa

 

Grenaa or Grenå is a port city and market town in East Jutland with 14,251 inhabitants (2020). The city is Djursland's largest city and has a port with ferry routes to Anholt in the Kattegat and the Halland city Halmstad in Sweden. The city is also the easternmost city in Jutland. From Grenaa there are approx. 18 kilometers to Bønnerup Strand, 31 kilometers to Ebeltoft, 34 kilometers to Rønde, 55 kilometers to Randers and approx. 60 kilometers to Aarhus.

It is an old market town and natural trading center for eastern Djursland. The oldest districts are located around Skt. Gertrud's Church, and forms the center of the city. However, development has meant that surrounding villages have become part of the larger urban area, which means that the areas Åstrup, Dolmer, Bredstrup, Hessel, Fuglsang, Grenaa Havn and Grenaa Strand are today an integral part of the city.

Until the municipal reform in 2007, Grenaa was part of Grenaa Municipality, after which the city joined Norddjurs municipality, which belongs to the Central Jutland Region. The city is the capital of Norddjurs Municipality, and in 2015 was Denmark's 46th largest city.

 

History

Name

The preposition is the Old Danish word grind, which either means 'gravel' or 'joint, gate'. The suffix is ​​the word high. The meaning is thus led-high or gravel-high. In the local pronunciation, the suffix has since been perceived as -å. An early name for the town, Grindhøgh, appears in King Valdemar's Land Register on a list of mortgaged or laid out estates in 1240.

 

The Middle Ages

Already in the Middle Ages, Grenaa was an important city. A "market town by Kolindsund" is mentioned by Saxo Grammaticus in connection with a naval battle on Kolindsund in 1165. However, there are doubts about both the market town concept and whether it is Grenaa at all that is being talked about. The town is mentioned by name as early as the year 1231. However, it is uncertain whether the town is already a market town here. In the so-called Jens Vitte's Letter from the end of the 13th century, published in the Letters of the Kingdom of Denmark, Jens Vitte is listed as a citizen of Grenaa, the oldest known. The oldest city privileges have been lost, but the oldest city seal can be dated around 1300. In 1445 the town was a market town, and was until the sanding of Djurså, the current "Grenaaen", an important port where ships could sail all the way to the city center. If you take the privileges, the city seal, the city's design and location, it indicates that the city arose as a market town at the turn of the 13th century, in the great city building period around 1050-1225. By the Square is Grenaa Church, which is first mentioned in 1426. The church is believed to have its origins back in the 14th century, and together with its location on the medieval town's topographical highest point, it forms a pattern that characterizes market towns from the 11th to the 21st century. . The medieval town's most important entrance was Vesterport, as it was next to Djurs Nørre Herred, which was the town's most important catchment area with many nearby villages. Sønderport also had a small significance, as this was the entrance for sailors who docked in the river harbor south of what is today Kanikkegade.

When it was granted market town privileges is not known. In 1441, the Crown's market town Grenaa and others were handed over on loan to Otte Nielsen Rosenkrantz. The oldest known privileges are from 1445, when Christoffer of Bavaria, due to the citizens' allegiance to the king and the kingdom, gave them duty-free except for Skanør, Falsterbo and other royal herring farms in the autumn (the privileges were later confirmed many times). In 1500, King Hans gave them the city freedom that no one at 2 miles could buy with the farmer without the citizens of Grenaa, and those who lived around the city and used its port, had to give 4 shillings of each ship of 10 loads or more, 2 shilling of each ship and 1 shilling of each boat, and that no one should share or pursue the citizens without their exchange with the law.

 

The Renaissance

On January 4, 1552, the king admitted to the city that, for the needs of its port and ship's bridge, it had to receive 2 shillings Danish from each domestic and 3 shillings from each foreign ship that came to the city. On April 3, 1571, the king ordered the sheriff of Kalø to depose the second mayor, whom the citizens had installed, as they had only had one before. In 1595, the king gave the citizens the freedom to pay city tax for the time being and to hold gunners and boatmen because of its inability to have the harbor repaired.

In its time, the city ran a fairly significant grain trade, especially in Norway, from the rather large catchment area. In the priest's report from 1623 it is said about the town: "The same market town has been a distinguished town in the old days, when sailing smstds. And the harbor was in power, is now greatly degraded for Flyvesand by a heath south up to the river, called Brohede". In the 17th century, however, it was set back a lot, especially by fires: in 1627, during the war, the eastern part of the city burned with the church (in a royal letter of June 1, 1576, travelers are forbidden to shoot in the city, as it causes fires). Also in the wars of the 17th century it probably suffered a lot. The church burned down in 1649, but it was rebuilt relatively quickly.

The city had a Latin school. By royal letter of 9 December 1558, the king's farm "Provstegaarden" in Grenaa is given as a school and residence for the schoolmaster.

From 1664 the Latin school was on Lillegade.

In 1686 the king allowed the consumption (taxes) to be used for the improvement of the harbor. In 1672 the market town had 453 inhabitants.

 

In the 18th century, the decline continued. From the Danish Atlas of 1768 it appears that the harbor was dilapidated, and that the town had previously "had 18 vessels, but shipping has thus decreased, that it now has only 7-8 vessels from 6 to 17 cargoes, which go partly to Copenhagen with Firewood, Cereals and Fats, partly to Norway with Cereals, Malt and Fats and take back Wood Cargo and Iron ". In 1769 the town had 702 inhabitants.

The Latin school was abolished in 1739.

 

The early industrialization

Only after the middle of the 19th century did the city start to grow, probably mostly due to the improved harbor, which meant that many who previously sought Randers were now drawn here. In 1850 the town had 1,099 inhabitants, in 1855 1,379 inhabitants, in 1860 1,636 inhabitants, in 1870 1,923 inhabitants, in 1880 2,423 inhabitants, in 1890 2,933 inhabitants, in 1901 3,257 inhabitants, in 1906 3,462 inhabitants and in 1911 3,734 inhabitants.

In 1835, a local man named Søren Kanne rescued several sailors from a shipwreck near Grenaa by, in a strong storm, taking his father's horses and swimming with them to the sunken ship. The rescuer subsequently became a hero in the city and was awarded a medal by King Frederik VI for his deed. Søren Kanne drowned in the river in 1860, but the town did not forget him, so he had a statue erected 88 years later.

In the period 1874-78, a new harbor was built right out by the Kattegat and together with the construction of the railway between Grenaa and Randers, it set in motion urban development and created progress.

Of factories and industrial plants there were around 1870: 1 steam distillery, 1 wool spinning mill and 1 iron foundry. Since the spring of 1856, the city got a printing house, where Grenaa Avis was published. A shipyard was built at the harbor in 1873.

Of factories and industrial plants there were around 1900: Grenaa Steam Weaving (built in 1893, at the turn of the century with about 100 workers and an annual production of about 25,000 pieces of cotton clothes), 1 iron foundry, 2 lime works owned by "De forenede Kalkværker", 1 book printing plant , with more.

In Grenaa, 2 newspapers were published: "Grenaa Avis" and "Grenaa Folketidende" ("Grenaa Dagblad" was published in Randers).

In Grenaa, 4 markets were held annually: 1 in March and 1 in July with horses and cattle, 1 in September and 1 in November with cattle and sheep. Market day was every Saturday.

By industry, the population in 1890 was divided into the following groups: 1,103 lived by trade and industry, 598 by trade and turnover, 388 by intangible activity, 71 were farmers, 84 fishermen, 12 seafarers, 21 gardeners, 556 lived by other occupations, 61 of their funds, 39 enjoyed alms.

 

The interwar period

During the interwar period, Grenaa's population was slightly increasing: in 1916 4,039, in 1921 4,537, in 1925 4,606, in 1930 4,651, in 1935 4,995, in 1940 4,786 inhabitants. At the same time, two suburbs emerged, Havnevej in Gammelsogn Municipality and Sønder Mølle in Ålsø-Hoed Municipality. They were incorporated into the market town per. April 1, 1941

At the 1930 census, Grenaa had 4,651 inhabitants, of whom 322 subsisted on intangible activities, 1,879 on crafts and industry, 864 on trade, etc., 305 on transport, 304 on agriculture, forestry and fishing, 436 on handicrafts, 441 were out of business and 100 had not stated source of income.

 

The post-war period

After World War II, Grenaa continued its population development. In 1945 there were 7,251 inhabitants in the market town, in 1950 8,186 inhabitants, in 1955 8,643 inhabitants, in 1960 9,088 inhabitants and in 1965 11,919 inhabitants. No new suburban development outside the municipal boundaries took place after the incorporations in 1941.

 

Recent times

Gradually, the number of employees at Grenaa Dampvæveri decreased, and by the closure in early 2002, the number of employees had dropped to 170 people. It was a big blow for the city when the Weaving stopped (now a new district is planned in the factory area with shops, offices and homes). After being hit by this tragedy, Grenaa was hit by a new one in 2002, when the town's landmark, Baunhøj Mill, burned all the way to the ground. Subsequently, it was decided to rebuild the mill and the new one could be inaugurated in 2005. 12 years before (1993), the city's largest tourist attraction, the Kattegat Center, was completed and has since been a huge audience success. Close to the center, Åbyen, a newer district, has also been built.

The city's last remaining daily newspaper, Dagbladet Djursland, was closed down on 31 October 2001, shortly after the newspaper's merger with Århus Stiftstidende and Randers Amtsavis, after 88 years of operation. The magazine then had a circulation of 5500 copies. Midtjyske Medier publishes the weekly magazines Djurslandsposten and Grenaa Bladet, both of which are based in Grenaa.

 

Geography

Grenaa is located on the sandy part of Kolindsund, which has created a valley between the more hilly areas north and south of the city. The city is therefore characterized by the fact that the districts along the river valley and the heath lie in flat terrain, whereas the northern districts are characterized by hills. From Grenaa it is approx. 18 kilometers to Bønnerup Strand, 31 kilometers to Ebeltoft, 34 kilometers to Rønde, 55 kilometers to Randers and approx. 60 kilometers to Aarhus.

 

Nature

The nature in and around the city is very varied and, like the rest of Djursland, there is a rich wildlife, and wolves have been seen in areas north of the city. North of the city you will find hilly moraine landscapes, west of the city you will find dunes and a sandy beach, east of the city you will find meadows and the two large dry lakes Kragsø and Kolindsund, and south of the city you will find large forests. Part of these forest areas is Grenaa Plantage and in the middle of the plantation is Fuglsang Hede, where the plant life is characterized by the sandy soil. Over large areas, the grass species has been successful and forms a bright reddish-brown carpet with its spikes from mid-summer to winter. The grass carpet is broken by solitary pine, willow, beaver aspen and juniper. Old shelves stand here and there, mustard-colored by elm. wall lichen. Like birch, which does well on the more humid parts of the heath, the mentioned tree species are self-seeded. The heath was protected in 1936.

To the northeast you will find pebble beaches and cliffs, as well as Jutland's easternmost point, Fornæs. Fornæs is located on Stensmark Strand, a 10 km long stretch of coast facing the Kattegat, 85 ha of which was protected in 1969. The stretch consists of low coastal cliffs and raised seabed with rocky seawalls. Many birds of prey are seen along the coast during migration, and flocks of diving ducks are seen at sea. In the northwestern part of the city, a forest named Dolmer Kildeskov was established in 2016. The purpose of the new forest must be to protect the Dolmer source, which is an important drinking water resource.

 

Geology

Grenaa's geological conditions divide the town in two. Most of the city lies on a marine foreland, with the rest of the city on a moraine landscape. The subsoil consists predominantly of marine sand and clay, as well as moraine sand, gravel and moraine clay. The limestone is high in the area, but below Kolindsund the limestone is lower. Off the coast you can find Kalkgrunde, and limestone is also visible at Fornæs.

 

Economy

The economy is characterized by industry and tourism. As a result of current conditions in the Kattegat, Grenaa has been characterized by heavy industry, [how?] although some of the heavy industry has disappeared, there are still clear signs of its highly polluted nature. BASF and Dansk-Norsk Kvelstofabrik I/S have left large empty lots after production shut down. Both factories were chemical factories and on a list drawn up by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency in 1989, BASF ranked as the 12th most dangerous factory in the country, and Dansk-Norsk Kvelstofabrik I/S held 11th place. Both factories closed in 2007 and 1990 respectively. Grenaa Dampvæveri was for a time the town's largest workplace, and until the 1960s Djursland's only large-scale industry. The factory was for a period the country's largest weaving mill, and exported to large parts of the world. The factory closed in 2002 and the factory grounds are being converted into housing and shops. Another major industry in the city is the paper industry, which today is still a major production. The corrugated cardboard factory, DS Smith, is today one of the largest companies in the city, and it is also the main factory in the Danish branch of the group. Another paper factory, SCA Packaging Djursland A/S, closed in 2006. Within food production, there are large companies such as De Danske Gærfabrikker, which is the only producer of molasses spirit and baker's yeast in the country, and Norway Seafood A/S, which produces fish for sale in grocery stores . Nordisk Tang produces products such as pesto based on seaweed. Other major industries are Grenaa Shipyard, Terma, which produces components for civil and military aircraft, and HSM Insustri, which produces steel components and piping systems. In addition, you will find a large number of smaller industries, such as printing works, ship breaking, etc. The tourism industry is concentrated on the beach, hotels, campsites and other recreational areas.

 

Transport and infrastructure

Primary routes 15 and 16 begin their Jutland main road section from Grenaa Havn. A city ring runs around the inner city, which functions as an inner ring road. The city ring leads traffic around the center and is 2.2 km long. It has a route classification as a secondary route. An outer ring road runs south of the older districts as part of primary routes 16 and 15. Havnevej/Østerbrogade/Østergade is a larger road that branches off from the City ring at Kannikegade/Rosengade and connects the central districts with the harbour. N. P. Josiassensvej is a road that connects Østerbrogade and Ringvejen, it runs through the education area, where you can, among other things, find Grenaa Gymnasium and Viden Djurs Gymnasier. Bavnehøjvej is an access road from the northwest, which connects to the City ring at Vesterport. The road goes through the district of Bavnehøj and ends at the district of Dolmer. From Bavnehøjvej, Sygehusvej gives access to Grenaa Sundhedshus. Randersvej is an approach road that runs south around the Bavnehøj district, it connects main road 16 with the city ring. Århusvej is the approach road from Aarhus, and connects the district of Fuglsang/Hessel with the inner city, the road is also part of primary route 15. North of the city, the bypass roads Mellemstrupvej/Bredstrupvej/Kattegatvej run, which at each end are connected to Ringvejen. These roads run through the large industrial areas in the north by the districts of Bredstrup and Åstrup. A new bypass road (Nordre Kattegatvej) is under construction, which will connect Nordhavnen directly with main road 16.

Route numbered roads in Grenaa
O Cityring
15 goes from Grenaa via Aarhus and Herning to Søndervig
16 runs from Ring 2 in Copenhagen via Frederiksværk, Hundested, Grenaa, Randers, Viborg and Holstebro to Ringkøbing

Rail connections
Grenaa Station is the terminus of the Grenaa line that connects Grenaa with Aarhus. Since 2019, the station has been the terminus of Aarhus Light Rail's line L1.

From the station there used to be regional trains to Aarhus and Odder. Previously, the train ran no further than Aarhus H, but in 2012 DSB took over operations on the Odderbanen, after which co-operation between the two lines began. Grenaabanen was part of the Aarhus Nærbanen. There was an hourly service on the line with 18 daily departures to Odder and two departures with a terminus in Aarhus. Between 2016 and 2019, Grenaabanen was rebuilt as part of the first stage of the Aarhus Light Rail, which resulted in the track being upgraded and electrified. This meant, among other things, that the speed between Grenaa Station and Ryomgård Station could be increased to 100 km/h rather than the previous 75 km/h. Grenaa station continues to function as a terminus, but in the southern part of the city a new step board, Hessel, was created. The light rail operates half-hourly during rush hour with connections to Odder, Mårslet and Aarhus H.

From Grenaa station there is a harbor railway to the industrial areas at Bredstrup, as well as a track to the north and south harbours. This part of the line is a freight line without passenger traffic.

Stations in the city
Grenaa Station
Hessel Station (opened in 2019)
Grenaa Havn Station[36] (Is only a railway technical station, no passenger traffic occurs)

The light rail
Line L1 runs from October 2017 from Grenaa to Odder, where the trains will run every half hour. In Lystrup, it will be possible to change to line L2, which will pass by Skejby Hospital and Aarhus University. At Aarhus Central Station, there will be transfers to regional and intercity trains. In Viby J, it will be possible to change to regional trains.

Ferry routes and liner shipping
On the south harbor is the ferry terminal, where Stena Line and the Anholt ferry go. Departures to Anholt vary from one to two departures daily. There are two daily sailings to Halmstad.
Grenaa-Anholt
Grenaa-Halmstad (S)

NORlines and Baltic Line both call at the port, and both line services carry general cargo and larger loads.
Turku (FI) - Swinoujscie (PL) - Grenaa - Oslo (N) - Haugesund (N)
Håvik (N) - Grenaa - Hundested - Swinoujscie (PL) - Turku (F)
Haugesund (N) - Grenaa - Hundested - Swinoujscie (PL) - Turku (N)

Power plants
Grenaa cogeneration plant supplies electricity to the city. In the district of Bredstrup, on the old BASF site, Grenaa Varmeværk has built a 12,000m2 solar plant.

 

Education

Grenaa has a number of different educational institutions, such as elementary schools, upper secondary schools, vocational schools, vocational academies, VUC and higher education. The town's primary schools are the Kattegat School (Søndre Skole and Østre Skole), Vestre School and Mølleskolen. Norddjurs Friskole is also located in Grenaa.

Grenaa Gymnasium
Grenaa Gymnasium has an associated catering department located in connection with the gymnasium. In addition to matriculation exams, the institution offers hf and International Baccalaureate. In total, it has almost 700 students and 80 teachers. The high school was designed by Arne Gravers and Johan Richter and was inaugurated in 1964. The two architects also designed Århus State High School. When Grenaa City Council liked this construction, they were chosen to design the high school. The high school is built on a plateau. The ground plan is square, and the classrooms are located around a banquet hall and a central cloakroom. In 2014, the newest extension was inaugurated, which consists of completely new rooms designed for music, visual arts and design.

VID Gymnasiums, Campuses and Vocational Schools
VID Gymnasium covers what used to be Grenaa Technical School and Grenaa Handelsskole. Both high schools belong to the umbrella organization Viden Djurs, and offer a HTX and HHX. In connection with the HTX education is the Game College, with a focus on game development, communication, game engineering, storytelling, etc. This is the only school in Denmark that offers this course. In connection with the HHX education, there is Game Sport and Brazil Football College. Game Sport is a 3-year HHX aimed at the experience economy and event creation - primarily within the eSports area. Brazil Football College is the only school of its kind in Denmark, which combines the HHX education and training in Brazilian football.

In addition, VID offers Gymnasiums: IT-College Denmark, Danish Horse College, Business College and Fashion College, as well as vocational courses with a focus on: Food, media, mechanics, metal and electricity, as well as the possibility of EUX, hg and an EUD Business.

Other educational institutions, continuing education & further education
VIA University College offers the teacher education program, and Randers Social and Health School offers the SOSU program. Erhvervsakademi Dania offers higher education such as Computer Science, Multimedia Designer and Professional Bachelor in Software Development. VUC offers continuing education.

 

Culture

Culture, attractions and sights
The town's library is located on N. P. Josiassensvej and is the main library for Norddjur's Libraries. The library is also home to the Grenaa Regional Archives. Youth culture in the city is taken care of by Norddjurs Ungdomsskole, which has premises next to Kattegatskolen (Søndre Skole). Every year Ungnorddjurs holds the event "Track", which is dedicated to young people from all over the country. The event is run by young volunteers and must function as a cultural offer. In the old prison in the center is the youth center "Arresten", which is also a cultural offer for young people. The prison holds several different events such as concerts, flea markets, etc. Kulturhuset Pavillonen with the associated cafe located on Kærvej is a meeting point in the city for music and entertainment as well as art exhibitions. The venue is the city's only one, and presents a wide variety of established artists, as well as newer artists from the growth stage. In connection with the venue is the Music School.

Grenaa Strand lies east of the city, starts at Grenaa Harbour, and stretches 6 kilometers to the south. The last 1.5 kilometers of the beach are deserted, and at the headland Havknude turns into a pebble beach, which continues down the east coast of Djursland, and is known among anglers. In 2006, the beach was named one of Denmark's 3 best beaches. North of the beach is the Kattegatcentret, which is the city's biggest tourist attraction. The aquarium contains several saltwater aquariums with fish from Danish and foreign waters. There are i.a. large sharks, and an outdoor pool with seals. At the fishing harbor you can experience fish auctions early in the morning.

Museum East Jutland's branch Djurslands Museum is located in Søndergade in the middle of the city and contains partly an ancient collection of things from Djursland's past plus exhibitions of toys, textiles and mass media devices, partly a collection of Danish fishing history, among other things. of fishing gear and ships. Both museums are located in Grenaa Gamle Købmandsgård built in 1760. There are also changing special exhibitions. At one of the city's highest points is Baunhøj Mølle, which is referred to by many as the city's landmark, and is 37 meters above sea level. Just east of the city border on Kristiansmindevej you will find the Danish Motor and Machine Collection, which contains the Nordic region's largest collection of stationary engines.

South of the city you will find Katholm, which i.a. is the birthplace of Karen Blixen's father, officer and writer Wilhelm Dinesen. The access road "Hulvejen" is an attraction in itself, it is a narrow road gorge with large beech trees on both sides of the road, which often means that larger cars are stuck. The road was protected in 1925. The castle is open to tourists up to the moat, but the castle is a private residence and therefore closed to the public.

In Søndergade, Lillegade, Storegade and Nederstræde are several old houses from the 18th century and Grenaa Old Town Hall dates from 1808. Baunhøj Mølle was built in 1849.

 

Recreational areas

Grenaa Marina is located by Sydhavnen on the island of Skakkes Holm. Close to the center is a large park named after the facility. The park is located between Kulturhuset Pavillonen, Vesterport and Randersvej. On the other side of Randersvej is Sygehusparken. The city is cut through by the Grenaa, and it creates a green wedge that moves from the Andereservat in the east to the area around the Anlagget and Kulturhuset Pavillonen in the west. Along the river and in other areas of the city you will find allotment gardens, e.g. south of the river at Sønderbro. South of the older parts of the city you will find Grenaa Plantage and Fuglsang Hede. The Katholm forest is an extension of these forest areas and stretches south down to the castle. These areas border Grenaa beach to the east, the city to the north, west and south. There is an extensive and marked trail system on the plantation and the heath, both for pedestrians, mountain bikes and horse riders. In the middle of the plantation you will also find a smaller lake called Skovsøen. In the south-western part you will also find a ski/toboggan run. In the eastern part you will find a large nature playground, which borders the large summer house areas by the beach. In the city center there is a network of pedestrian streets with good opportunities for shopping and grocery shopping. You will also find several restaurants, cafes and various other places to eat.

 

Sport

At Grenaa Sports Center, the city's sports facilities are brought together with, among other things, football fields and swimming pool. Close by is the Grenaa Stadium, which is the home ground of the football team FC Djursland. The team is an elite superstructure for five Djursland football clubs: Grenaa IF, Østdjurs, Stenvad Boldklub and Åstrup/Hammelev IF. FC Djursland's goal is to play in the 1st division. Åstrup/Hammelev IF's training facilities are located in the northern part of the city in the district of Åstrup. Grenaa IF has more sports than football, such as handball, badminton and gymnastics.

Every year the city hosts the sporting event Kattegat Cup, which is an international football training for youth football teams. In 2016, 165 different teams from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany and Great Britain participated.

 

Well-known city residents from Grenaa and the surrounding area

Wilhelm Dinesen, writer, officer, adventurer and politician (1845–1895)
Søren Kanne, householder and lifeguard (ca. 1801–1860)
Christian Zacho, Painter (1843-1913)
Peder Mønsted, Painter (1859 - 1941)
August Krogh, Nobel laureate, zoologist and physiologist (1874–1949)
Olivia Holm-Møller, Painter and Sculptor (1875 - 1970)
Carl Svenstrup, librarian (1881 - 1964)
Gerda Wegener, draftsman and painter (1886-1940)
Aage Sikker Hansen, Draftsman and Illustrator (1897 - 1955)
Simon Jul Jørgensen, comedian and musician (1977–)
Louise Lolle, radio host (1982–)
Jon Nørgaard, singer and musician (1985–)
Jørn Lund, linguist (1946-)
Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Chairman of Venstre from 1998-2009, Prime Minister from 2001-2009, NATO's Secretary General from 2009-2014 (1953-)
Sharin Foo, musician and part of the rock duo The Raveonettes (1973-)
Leif Lahn Jensen, social democratic politician, member of the Danish Parliament since 13 November 2007, former group chairman. (1967-)
Jesper Busk Sørensen, Berliner Philharmoniker and adjunct professor at the Royal Danish Conservatory of Music (1980-)