Stubbekøbing is a former market town on northern Falster with
2,223 inhabitants (2020), located 11 km east of Nørre Alslev, 26 km
southeast of Vordingborg, 40 km north of Gedser and 20 km northeast
of the municipal seat Nykøbing Falster. The city belongs to
Guldborgsund Municipality and is located in Region Zealand.
Stubbekøbing belongs to Stubbekøbing Parish, and Stubbekøbing Church
is located in the middle of the city. 1 km southeast of the city is
the manor Karlsfelt.
The Middle Ages
Stubbekøbing is located on the
south side of Grønsund. The city originated at a natural harbor, as
an angular fjord east of the city cut into the country to the south
and then to the west. South of the city center, excavations have
found old stone bridges and masonry remains, where the oldest harbor
has been located. The fjord has gradually been sanded and overgrown,
so that only Fribrødre Å now reminds of it. On the measuring table
leaves from the 19th and 20th centuries, water is still seen in the
outer part of the fjord, while the inner part had become a meadow.
Stubbekøbing is first mentioned in 1288, when it was burned down
by Marsk Stig's supporters. May 1, 1354, it received its oldest
known privileges. In 1386, King Oluf gave his townspeople a letter
of freedom on a fishing village on "Munkholm", which they had then
had for 40 years. In 1464 Our Lady's Church and St. Peder's Guild
are mentioned, which had an altar in the church; there has also been
a Sankt Gertruds Gilde, whose seal stamp from the 14th century is
kept in the National Museum. The town has also had a Sankt
Jørgensgård for lepers. Christine of Saxony, Prince Hans ’bride and
later queen, landed in Stubbekøbing on her journey to Denmark in
1478. By letter of 19 March 1517, Christian 2. Stubbekøbing placed
under his casket.
The Renaissance
In the 16th century, the
town was larger than Nykøbing, which when charged for a warship in
1557 was to provide less than half of what was imposed on
Stubbekøbing. In 1559, the city had a mayor, councilors and town
bailiff, which is known because the city arbitrarily relinquished
its authority, so more people were convicted as rebels. Stubbekøbing
had a large trade in England and Holland, but it was surpassed by
Nykøbing after this in 1594 became Queen Sophie's widow's seat.
However, Arent Berntsen could still write in 1656 about
Stubbekøbing, "that it has convenient sailing, so that with the
largest ships to the town can be built, over which also a fair trade
to the lake from there continues". The town suffered greatly from
fires, but it was especially Karl Gustav the wars of 1658-59 and the
sanding of the harbor, which caused its decline.
Under the
dictatorship
In 1672, Stubbekøbing had 511 inhabitants. In the
Ordinance of January 28, 1682, it is mentioned among the market
towns that were not allowed to conduct foreign trade, and it was no
longer to have a mayor and council, but only a town bailiff. The
town had a Latin school, which was closed in 1740. In 1769 the town
had 484 inhabitants.
In a report from 1771 it is stated that
there is only a little fishing from the town and that there are no
fishermen. On rare occasions, however, perch, flounder, pike and eel
come from Bogø.
In the 18th century, the natural harbor could
no longer be used, so the ships had to dock in Grønsund itself, and
the goods had to be brought out to them on wagons and in boats.
Around 1840, a jetty with a bridgehead was built, where ships could
dock. Later in the 1840s, an actual harbor was built, and in the
late 1870s, it was significantly expanded.
The early
industrialization
A market with horses and cattle was held in
June and October. Of factories and industrial plants, the town in
the 1890s had a distillery, white beer brewery, iron foundry and
machine factory, sawmill, gas meter factory and printing house.
"Stubbekjøbing Avis" was published in the city.
Distribution
of the population by occupation in 1890: 186 lived by intangible
activity, 601 by trade and industry, 385 by trade and turnover, 49
by shipping, 16 by fishing, 61 by agriculture, 10 by horticulture,
162 by other occupations, 49 by their means , 24 of alms, and 3 were
in prison. In 1906, 136 subsisted on intangible activities, 75 on
agriculture, forestry and dairy farming, 29 on fishing, 885 on
crafts and industry, 367 on trade and more, 129 on transportation,
45 were retired, 54 lived on public support and 7 on other or
unspecified business.
Stubbekøbingbanen
The railway on
Falster came from Orehoved to Nykøbing in 1872 and on to Gedser in
1886. It did not affect Stubbekøbing, which only later got a
terminus on the Stubbekøbing-Nykøbing-Nysted line
Nykøbing-Stubbekøbing (25 May 1911–31 March 1966) . But that
alignment only confirmed that Nykøbing was the island's capital. A
proposal for a North Falster railway Stubbekøbing-Nørre
Alslev-Guldborg was contained in the great railway law from 1918,
but was not realized.
As a terminus, Stubbekøbing Station had
4 tracks, of which 2 with a platform. They were assembled in a
turntable just east of the station building. In addition, there were
siding for the coal yard and depots, pigfold and department store as
well as side and end ramps. A short harbor lane led down to the
harbor track along the quay. A large part of the station terrain was
laid out on a filled area in Grønsund.
The station building,
designed by architect H.C. Glahn, is preserved on Havneplads 2.
North of the station building, the rails of the harbor railway are
still between the cobblestones. At the eastern end of the former
station grounds is a dilapidated wooden depot. From here, just over
½ km of the course's route has been preserved as a path to
Stubbekøbing Skytteforening's clubhouse.
Secondary route 271 runs from Nykøbing east to Horreby and then north
to Stubbekøbing. Secondary route 293 runs from Øster Kippinge through
Nørre Alslev and Stubbekøbing to Næsgård. It crosses the Sydmotorvejen 8
km west of Stubbekøbing. Bus route 736 runs between Nykøbing Falster and
Nørre Alslev via Horreby and Stubbekøbing.
From 1911 until 1966,
Stubbekøbing was the terminus of the Stubbekøbing-Nykøbing-Nysted
Railway. The station building was designed by H.C. Glahn.
Ferry
speed
The ferry between Hårbølle on Møn and Næs, 7 km east of
Stubbekøbing, is first mentioned in a royal decree from 1661, but its
origins go back even further. From Grønsund Færgegård on the Møn side,
in the late 19th century there was a steam ferry to Stubbekøbing in
addition to the ferry to Næs.
In 1929, Præstø County took over
the ferry service between Møn and Falster, but it became redundant in
1943, when Queen Alexandrine's Bridge connected Møn to Zealand. The
route was moved to Bogø-Stubbekøbing, and a new ferry berth was built in
the harbor on Bogø. The dam between Bogø and Møn was also completed in
1943, so traffic between Falster and Møn came to go via this ferry route
until 1985, when the Farø Bridges were inaugurated with an exit on Farø
to Bogø and Møn. In 1996, the ferry service was restricted to the summer
period and only one ferry. As you cannot cycle over the Farø Bridges,
the ferry is still important for cycling tourism.
Stubbekøbing School has 275 students, divided into grades 0-9. grade
levels in 1-2 tracks with rolling enrollment for 0.-2. grades in 4
groups. There is an after-school program, primarily for grades 0-6.
grade.
Stubbekøbing Efterskole has room for 55 students. Its
target group is students with special needs, general learning
difficulties or late development, so students are often at the school
for several years, and it is not unusual to have both Year 11 and Year
12.
Stubbekøbing Museum is a regional museum for Stubbekøbing and its
surroundings. It is set up in a merchant's farm from 1849. The
exhibition consists of, among other things, of a school room, a room
from 1890 and Northern Europe's largest collection of scales.
Stubbekøbing Motorcycle and Radio Museum has Northern Europe's largest
collection of vintage motorcycles, as well as radios. The oldest
motorcycle is from 1897, while the oldest radio is from 1920.
Stubbekøbing Hallen is used for gymnastics, school sports, handball, football and badminton. It is registered for tennis and is used by Stubbekøbing Badminton Club, Stubbekøbing Gymnastics Association, Stubbekøbing Ball Club and Østfalsters Handball Club. The hall has a cafeteria and meeting room.
People from Stubbekøbing are called Stubbekøbingers or
Stubbekøbingers.
Lucas Jacobsøn Debes (1623-1675), priest and
topographer in the Faroe Islands
Marie Grubbe (1643-1718),
noblewoman, from 1706 ferryman and innkeeper on Næs at the crossing to
Møn
Hans Egede (1686-1758), missionary - lived from 1750 in the
city's vicarage with his daughter Kirstine, who was married to parish
priest L.J. Alsbach
Alfred Benzon (1823-1884), pharmacist and
businessman
Clara Wæver (1855-1930), textile artist
Ida Hammershøi
(born Ilsted), (1869-1949) Married to Vilhelm Hammershøi and the famous
woman in the best of his paintings.
Evald Nielsen (1879-1958),
silversmith
Gunnar Krohn (1914-2005), architect
Poul Andreassen
(1928-2009), director and chairman of the Conservative People's Party
Lone Kellermann (1943-2005), singer and actor – moved to the city in
2001 and is buried in the city cemetery
Frederik Magle (1977-),
composer and organist
Claus Jensen (1977-), former Danish national
team player in football
Anders Due (1982-), professional soccer
player