Château-du-Loir is a former French commune, located in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region, populated by 4,614 Castelorians. It is part of the new town of Montval-sur-Loir.
On the borders of historic Anjou, and Maine,
Château-du-Loir is located on the edge of Maine Angevin, near
Touraine. The privileged geographical situation of the canton
attracted many envies throughout history. The kings of France and
England fought over this stronghold, the capital of a senechaussee
of 78 parishes (deanery attached to the diocese of Le Mans), until
1789.
This importance was due above all to its geographical
location, which made it a victim of the rivalry between the crowns
of France and England.
- The first known lord is Aimon / Ha
(i) mon le Barbu (c. 980-c. 1030), also known as de La Roche-Guyon,
husband of Hildeburge de Bellême, sister of bishop Avesgaud. Their
children were: Gervais (Ier) said of Bellême, of Château-du-Loir or
of La Roche-Guyon (around 1007-1067), bishop of Mans then archbishop
of Reims and regent of France for the young Philippe I; and Robert
Brochard, sire of Château-du-Loir, born around 1010, father himself
of Gervais (II), also lord of Mayet and La Cour-Aimon (Cohémon in
Vouvray-sur-Loir), † around 1095. When Gervais II, lord of
Château-du-Loir, died without male descendants around 1095 (in fact,
he had had a son, Gervais, ecclesiastic, dean of the chapter of Le
Mans), the châtellenie of Château-du-Loir passed to his daughter
Mathilde, † around 1110, countess of Maine by her marriage to Hélie
de La Flèche below. Then it was successively possessed by Geoffrey V
le Bel dit Plantagenêt count of Anjou and of Maine (he was descended
from the former lords of Château-du-Loir by his maternal
grandparents: Hélie du Maine and Mathilde de Château-du-Loir who 'we
have just met; he died in 1151), and by the kings of England of whom
Geoffrey was the stock, from his son Henry II to John without Land.
- The city was taken over by Philippe Auguste around 1199 and
was given to Guillaume des Roches, Seneschal of Anjou, Lord of
Longué-Jumelles, Sablé-sur-Sarthe and La Suze, who in 1219 founded
the Abbey of Bonlieu. Queen Bérangère, widow of Richard the
Lionheart, to whom Philippe Auguste had ceded the county of Maine in
exchange for possessions located in Normandy and which constituted
her dower, ceded to the Seneschal of Anjou Guillaume des Roches, all
her rights as dowager countess du Maine, both in Château-du-Loir and
in the forest of Bercé.
- While her older sister Jeanne des
Roches passes Sablé to her husband Amaury I of Craon, Clémence des
Roches, daughter of Seneschal Guillaume, transmits Château-du-Loir,
Mayet, Louplande and La Suze to her husband Geoffroy VI of
Châteaudun. Their daughter Jeanne de Châteaudun married Jean de
Montfort-l'Amaury, hence Béatrice de Montfort x Robert IV de Dreux
and de Braine, parents of:. Jean II de Dreux, hence the following of
the counts of Dreux lords of Château-du-Loir, the third son of Jean
II being the count Pierre de Dreux below; . and Jeanne de Dreux,
countess of Braine and lady of La Suze, wife of Jean IV de Roucy,
from where: .. the following of the counts of Roucy and of Braine;
.. and Béatrice de Roucy Dame de La Suze, who married Amaury III de
Craon, great-grandson of Jeanne des Roches Dame de Sablé and Amaury
Ier de Craon above.
- Precisely, the branch resulting from
Jeanne des Roches had kept a sixth of Château-du-Loir, and the heir
in the first half of the fourteenth century was a younger son of
Amaury III, William I the Great of Craon, viscount of Chateaudun. He
exchanged his share of Château-du-Loir with his distant cousin
Pierre Ier de Dreux, son of Count Jean II above, for
Domart-en-Ponthieu - another stronghold of the Dreux which came from
the marriage in 1210 of Robert III de Dreux with Aénor of
St-Valery-sur-Somme - so that the count of Dreux can completely
unite the barony of Château and sell it advantageously.
From
succession to succession, Château-du-Loir went several times to the
Crown: in May 1337 to Philippe de Valois, who bought it 31,000
livres from Pierre Ier comte de Dreux above, and declared it a
barony "of also good condition than Maine County ”. Given in
prerogative to Louis I, Duke of Anjou and grandson of Philippe VI,
it is reunited with the Crown for the second time by Louis XI.
The Hundred Years War will not spare the fortified city which
was pillaged and destroyed by the English. In the 16th century,
Château-du-Loir would take off again and become an important center,
for the time, for the manufacture of fabrics, spinning mills and
tanneries.
When the generality of Tours was created in the sixteenth
century, Château-du-Loir, due to its geographical and historical
location closely linked to Anjou and Maine, became the seat of a
particular government with a governor and a lieutenant of the king,
Château-du-Loir was before 1789 the capital of a senechaussee which
extended its jurisdiction over 78 parishes, an election on which 83
parishes depended, a water control, salt loft, recipe for pruning ,
tobacco warehouse which made it one of the most important border
towns between the provinces of Maine and Anjou.
In 1790, when
the French departments were created, the commune of Château-du-Loir,
like other towns in northern Anjou, such as Le Lude and La Flèche,
was attached to the new department of Sarthe. It was the district
capital from 1790 to 1795.
At the time of the Revolution,
Château-du-Loir lost more than 50% of its population.
With
the Revolution, Château-du-Loir marked time. Even a certain decline
set in, which did not end until the 19th century with the appearance
of the railway and the creation of a railway depot, giving
Château-du-Loir and its surroundings new economic vigor. The new
activity will then allow small industries and artisans to develop
their trade.
We cannot speak of the history of
Château-du-Loir without recalling that during the brilliant
Renaissance period, men of letters from the Pléiade met there:
Ronsard de Couture, who was prior of Saint-Guingalois (l church)
from 1569 to 1585, Racan de Bueil, the Lazarre brothers, Antoine de
Baïf de Mangé, Joachim du Bellay and even sometimes Jacques Peletier
du Mans.
We must also cite, for the sake of memory, certain
glorious or sadly famous figures originating from Château-du-Loir or
having marked this place, such as:
Siméon-François Berneux,
born May 14, 1814 in Château-du-Loir and died March 7, 1866 in
Seoul, Korea. Priest of the Foreign Missions of Paris, ordained
bishop in 1854. He is one of the martyrs of Korea, beatified on
October 6, 1968 in Rome by Paul VI. He was canonized on May 6, 1984
by John Paul II.
Pierre Le Monnier, born September 6, 1814 in
Le Lude and died January 11, 1895. This committed man, doctor of the
poor, republican at heart, persecuted by the regime of Napoleon III,
was deported as an enemy of the Second Empire and imprisoned in
Mostaganem ( Algerian city then part of the colonies). Returning to
Château-du-Loir in 1870, after the release of political prisoners of
the Second Empire by the Third Republic, he became representative of
the canton at the General Council and then in 1871 vice-president of
this assembly, and in 1872 he was elected mayor of Château-du-Loir.
Twice elected deputy for Sarthe (constituency of Saint-Calais; from
1876 to 1882), he was elected senator in January 18825. During his
various mandates he worked hard to revitalize the canton and the
region.
Pierre Loutrel, born March 5, 1916 in Château-du-Loir
and better known under the name of “Pierrot le Fou”. First French
public enemy and one of the leaders of the Tractions Avant gang. An
opportunist murderer, he was successively a member of the French
Gestapo during the German Occupation from 1941 to 1944, executor of
dirty works for the Germans, while at the same time he settled his
accounts with the underworld of the time for the benefit of his own
network. Having become cumbersome for the German Gestapo, and
feeling the wind turning, he decided to join the French Resistance
by integrating the Morhange network. He was then talked about during
the execution of a German officer on the terrace of a Toulouse café.
At the Liberation, he joined organized crime and forged a reputation
as a “caïd”. He formed the “Front Traction gang” aboard which he led
his robberies. He died in 1946 in a robbery.