Corinth Archaeological Site, Greece

Corinth

Location: 7 km (4 mi) South- west of modern Corinth  Map

Tel. 27410 31207

Site/ Museum

Open: Apr- Oct: 8am- 7pm daily

Nov- Mar 8:30am- 3pm daily

Closed: Jan 1, 25 March, Good Friday, Easter, 1 May, 25, 26 Dec

 

Ancient City of Corinth is one of the most important settlements in Antiquity. Although it was destroyed several times its citizens managed to find strength to rebuild Corinth to its former glory. Corinth is adjacent to the Athens-Patras road, with easy access to the capital either via the modern motorway or the Suburban Railway, which started operating in 2005.

The modern city, as it was rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century, has an excellent road plan with vertical roads that lead to the sea. The southern part of the city, the so-called Synoikismos or officially Ionia, has a relatively anarchic structure, as it was formed gradually and without an organized plan during the mass arrival of refugees that followed the Asia Minor Catastrophe.

The patron saint is the Apostle Paul. The homonymous metropolitan church dominates in a beautiful verdant courtyard, in the center of the city. The central church in the Settlement is considered to be the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.

The center, largely pedestrianized, houses most of the shops. Noteworthy are the Courthouse and the building of the National Bank. The main avenue - Ethnikis Antistaseos - leads to Eleftherios Venizelos Square (known to the locals as Floisvos), where the statue of the winged Pegasus, the symbol of the city, is found.

Reference point is the beach "Kalamia", which had many dining and entertainment areas and a very well organized beach.

 

History

The Corinth Archaeological Site, located in the northeastern Peloponnese region of Greece, encompasses the ruins of Ancient Corinth, a city that played a pivotal role in Greek, Roman, and later histories due to its strategic position controlling the Isthmus of Corinth. This narrow land bridge connected the Peloponnese to mainland Greece, facilitating trade between the Corinthian Gulf to the west and the Saronic Gulf to the east via ports at Lechaion and Kenchreai. The site's history spans from Neolithic times around 6500 BC to the modern era, marked by periods of prosperity, destruction, and rebuilding. Key features include the Temple of Apollo, the Acrocorinth acropolis, forums, theaters, and fortifications, excavated primarily by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens since 1896. The site reveals layers of occupation, from prehistoric settlements to Byzantine and Ottoman structures, highlighting Corinth's evolution as a commercial, religious, and military hub.

Prehistoric and Mythical Origins
Evidence of human activity at Corinth dates back to the Neolithic period around 6000–6500 BC, with pottery and settlements indicating early habitation. During the Early Bronze Age (circa 3000–2000 BC), the area served as a trade center, though population density fluctuated, with sparse remains in the Middle Helladic phase. By the Mycenaean period (circa 1600–1100 BC), coastal sites near Lechaion facilitated trade across the Corinthian Gulf, but the main urban center at Corinth proper emerged around 1000–900 BC with Dorian settlers. Mythologically, the city was known as Ephyra, founded by Corinthos (a descendant of Zeus) or the goddess Ephyra (daughter of Oceanus). Legends attribute its kingship to Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, who tricked gods like Zeus and was punished eternally in the underworld. Other myths link Corinth to Jason and Medea, the Trojan War under Agamemnon, and Bellerophon's capture of Pegasus at the Peirene spring. The Acrocorinth, a monolithic rock rising 579 meters, served as the ancient acropolis and was mythically awarded to Helios by Briareus in a dispute with Poseidon.

Archaic and Classical Periods (8th–4th Centuries BC)
By the 8th century BC, Corinth was ruled by the aristocratic Bacchiadae clan, unifying scattered communities into a cohesive state with a population of at least 5,000 by 730 BC. They established colonies like Corcyra (Corfu) and Syracuse, fostering trade. In 657 BC, Cypselus overthrew the Bacchiadae as tyrant (658–628 BC), building temples to Apollo and Poseidon and expanding colonies to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. His son Periander (627–587 BC), one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, minted the first Corinthian coins ("colts"), attempted an Isthmus canal (abandoning it for the Diolkos ship-hauling ramp), and peaked Corinth's wealth through Mediterranean trade, black-figure pottery exports, and the Isthmian Games honoring Poseidon (founded by Sisyphus, with celery or pine wreaths as prizes). Tyranny ended in 581 BC with Periander's nephew's assassination, leading to oligarchic rule and the Temple of Apollo's construction around 550–540 BC (Doric style, with seven standing columns today).
In the classical era, Corinth allied with Sparta against Argos and Athens, mediating disputes and developing the trireme warship. It participated in the Persian Wars (480–479 BC), sending forces to Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. Rivalry with Athens escalated in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), sparked by conflicts over Epidamnus and Corcyra; Corinth aided Syracuse against Athens in 415 BC. The Corinthian War (395–387 BC) saw Corinth ally against Sparta, weakening the city. By the 4th century BC, it rejoined the Peloponnesian League but fell under Macedonian influence after Philip II's victory at Chaeronea in 338 BC, hosting the League of Corinth.

Hellenistic Period (338–146 BC)
Under Macedonian control (338–243 BC), Corinth was garrisoned by figures like Ptolemy I and Demetrius Poliorcetes. In 243 BC, Aratus captured Acrocorinth for the Achaean League, making Corinth its capital by 224 BC. The city opposed Roman expansion, leading to the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC, where Roman consul Lucius Mummius sacked the city after its defeat, burning structures, killing males, and enslaving women and children. This marked the end of independent Greek Corinth, with the site largely abandoned for a century as Roman ager publicus (public land), though some rural habitation persisted.

Roman Period (146 BC–AD 395)
Julius Caesar refounded Corinth in 44 BC as Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis, imposing a Roman grid plan over Greek ruins, with a forum, basilicas, temples, and an amphitheater. It became Achaia's capital, with a diverse population of 50,000 by the 1st century AD. Apostle Paul visited in AD 49–50, staying 18 months, founding the church, and writing epistles (First and Second Corinthians) amid trials under proconsul Gallio. Nero initiated a canal in AD 67 (unfinished), and Vespasian refounded it as Colonia Iulia Flavia Augusta Corinthiensis post-earthquake in the 70s AD. Patrons like Herodes Atticus funded buildings in the 2nd century AD. Earthquakes in AD 365 and 375 caused damage, followed by Alaric's Visigothic sack in AD 395.

Byzantine, Frankish, Venetian, and Ottoman Periods (AD 395–1832)
Rebuilt smaller under Justinian I (AD 527–565), Corinth included the Hexamilion wall across the Isthmus and churches. An earthquake in AD 521 and plague in AD 542 devastated it; it became the theme of Hellas' capital around AD 800, recovering with a silk industry in the 9th–12th centuries. Sacked by Normans in 1147, it fell to Franks after the Fourth Crusade in 1210, becoming part of the Principality of Achaea. Byzantines recaptured it in 1403, restoring the Hexamilion in 1415, but Ottomans conquered in 1458, renaming it Gördüs. Venetians held it 1687–1715 during the Morean War. Earthquakes in 1858, 1928, and 1930 damaged the area, leading to modern Corinth's relocation 3 km northeast.

Modern Period and Archaeological Excavations
Liberated in 1832 during the Greek War of Independence, Corinth was briefly considered for Greece's capital. The Corinth Canal was completed in 1893. Excavations began in 1892 by the Greek Archaeological Society, but systematic work started in 1896 by the American School of Classical Studies, uncovering Neolithic to Ottoman layers. Key digs include the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, Asklepieion, forums, and the Archaeological Museum (built 1932, expanded 1951) housing artifacts like sculptures and inscriptions. The site today includes the Temple of Apollo, theater (capacity 15,000–18,000), agora, Roman forum, baths, Peirene Fountain, city walls (5th century BC with long walls added in 4th century), and Acrocorinth's fortifications (Byzantine-era walls 3 km long).

 

Museums

Historical - Folklore Museum of Corinth
The Historical - Folklore Museum of Corinth, Vassos Petropoulos - Univ. Gartagani, was founded with the aim of finding, preserving and promoting folklore material as well as disseminating in any way the relevant knowledge and information to the general public. His rich collections are placed from the beginning of the 19th century. until the middle of the 20th c. and include women's and men's costumes from many parts of Greece, embroidery, textiles, silversmithing, metalwork and wood carving as well as agricultural tools and household utensils.

Ecclesiastical Museum
The Ecclesiastical Museum of Corinth was founded in 1971 by the Metropolitan of Corinth Panteleimon to house icons and ecclesiastical relics that are part of the local ecclesiastical history. Since 2010 his collection is exhibited in the Krokideio hall.

Municipal Art Gallery
The Municipal Gallery of Corinth includes paintings by Sotiris Pylarinos, who donated his collection in order to establish a gallery in his hometown. The gallery was inaugurated on September 21, 1998 and houses both works from the painter's studio and a number of important works by famous artists from his personal collection. Among his works stand out the award-winning The Prayer of the Hungry, The Rich and the Poor and The Unknown Soldier. The gallery also hosts periodic exhibitions by other artists.

 

How to get here

The Corinth Archaeological Site, also known as Ancient Corinth, is located in the village of Archaia Korinthos in the Peloponnese region of Greece, about 90 km (56 miles) west of Athens. It's one of the most significant ancient sites in the country, featuring ruins like the Temple of Apollo and remnants of a Roman forum. Below, I'll outline the main ways to reach it, assuming a starting point from Athens (the most common origin for visitors). If you're coming from elsewhere, such as Patras (120 km east), adjust accordingly by highway or public transport.

By Car
This is the most flexible option. From Athens, take the E94/A8 highway (Olympia Odos) west toward Corinth/Patras. The drive takes about 1 hour in light traffic.
Exit at the sign for Archaia Korinthos (Ancient Corinth). There's free parking near the site entrance.
Toll roads apply (around €3-5 one way from Athens). Use a GPS app like Google Maps or Waze for real-time directions.
If renting a car, major companies like Hertz or Avis are available at Athens International Airport (ATH) or downtown.

By Train
Take the suburban train (Proastiakos) from Athens (Larissa Station or Athens Airport) to Corinth Station (Kiato line). The journey is about 1 hour and costs €8-12.
Trains run frequently (every 1-2 hours). Book via the Hellenic Train website or app.
From Corinth Station (also called New Corinth Station), you'll need a short transfer to the site:
Taxi: 10-15 minutes, about €10.
Local bus: Line 1 or similar from the station to Archaia Korinthos village (18 minutes, €1-3). Buses are less frequent, so confirm via KTEL Corinthia.

By Bus
Intercity buses (KTEL) depart from Athens' Kifissos Bus Station to Corinth Bus Station (Isthmus Station). The trip takes 1-1.5 hours and costs €8-10.
Buses run every 30-60 minutes. Check schedules on the KTEL Corinthia website.
From Corinth Bus Station, take a taxi (10-15 minutes, €10) or a local bus to the site.

By Guided Tour or Private Transfer
For convenience, join a day tour from Athens, which often includes transport, a guide, and stops at nearby sites like the Corinth Canal or Acrocorinth. Options via platforms like GetYourGuide or Viator start at €50-100 per person, with pickup from central Athens hotels.
Private taxi or transfer services (e.g., via Uber or Welcome Pickups) from Athens cost €100-150 one way for up to 4 people.

Additional Tips
From Athens Airport (ATH): Direct trains or buses to Corinth are available, adding 20-30 minutes to the journey.
Site Details: Open daily 8 AM-8 PM in summer (shorter in winter); entry €8 (free for EU students). Wear comfortable shoes for uneven terrain.
Public Transport Apps: Use OASA (for Athens) or Rome2Rio for multi-modal planning.
If driving from the north (e.g., Patras), take the E65 highway east and exit at Archaia Korinthos.