Parella is a small comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin, within the Piedmont region of northern Italy. Located about 40 kilometers north of Turin in the Canavese area, it sits at an elevation of 330 meters above sea level and covers approximately 2.69 square kilometers. As of recent records, it has around 400 inhabitants. The town is known for its picturesque hilltop position, part of the Ivrea moraine amphitheater formed by ancient Alpine glaciers, which provides natural protection from northern winds. Historically, Parella has been tied to agricultural and feudal traditions, with its castle serving as a central landmark in the circuit of Canavese castles. The name "Parella" derives from a place name rather than the Italian word for pear, and the town borders neighboring comunes like Colleretto Giacosa, Loranzè, and Quagliuzzo.
Parella is a small, picturesque commune in the Province of Turin, within Italy's Piedmont region. Nestled in the Canavese area, it's characterized by rolling hills, vineyards, and a serene rural atmosphere, making it an ideal spot for those seeking off-the-beaten-path Italian charm rather than crowded tourist hubs. While Parella itself is modest in size (with a population under 500), its primary draw is historical architecture blended with natural landscapes, offering a mix of cultural heritage and outdoor activities. The region is also renowned for its wine production, particularly Erbaluce di Caluso, which visitors can explore through local vineyards.
The undisputed centerpiece of Parella is the Castello di Parella, a
medieval castle that dominates the village skyline and serves as a
testament to the area's rich history. Originally constructed in the 13th
century on earlier medieval foundations, the castle was initially a
fortified structure owned by the San Martino family before passing to
the Marquis of Ivrea. Over the centuries, it underwent significant
expansions and renovations, evolving from a defensive stronghold into a
more residential manor by the Renaissance period. The current layout
features a large, four-winged building with a central courtyard,
blending Gothic elements with Baroque influences from later
modifications up to the 20th century.
Architecturally, the exterior
is relatively understated—think simple stone facades, towers, and
terraced gardens that overlook the surrounding valleys—but the interior
is where the castle truly shines. The piano nobile (main floor) boasts
opulent rooms decorated around 1683 by artist Cesare Chiala, featuring
intricate frescoes that depict historical and mythological scenes, such
as allegories of virtues, biblical stories, and classical motifs with
cherubs and landscapes. One highlight is the Hall of Honor, adorned with
elaborate stucco work and paintings that narrate the castle's lineage.
There's also a small private museum housing artifacts from the castle's
past, including period furniture, armor, and local historical items. The
gardens are meticulously maintained, with manicured lawns, fountains,
and pathways that offer panoramic views, especially during autumn when
fog rolls over the hills, creating a mystical ambiance.
Today, the
castle has been refurbished and primarily functions as an event venue
for weddings, conferences, and cultural gatherings, which means it's not
always open for casual tours—check in advance for guided visits or
events. Visitors often praise the seamless blend of historical
preservation with modern amenities, like stylish event spaces and
outdoor terraces for dining. However, some note that access can be
limited, so it's best experienced during open days or by booking a stay
if accommodations expand in the future. The site also ties into local
folklore, with tales of ancient sieges and noble intrigues adding to its
allure.
Parella's location in the Piedmont hills makes it a gateway to
several natural attractions, ideal for hiking, cycling, or simply
enjoying the scenery. These are often within a short drive or bike ride,
emphasizing the area's outdoor appeal.
Lago Pistono (Pistono
Lake) and Archaeological Park: About 5-10 km from Parella, this glacial
lake is surrounded by dense forests and offers tranquil walking paths.
The archaeological park here features remnants of prehistoric
pile-dwelling settlements from the Neolithic era, including
reconstructed stilt houses and artifacts displayed in an open-air
museum. It's a fascinating blend of nature and history, with trails that
loop around the lake for birdwatching or picnics. The site is popular
among cyclists for its moderate terrain and scenic views of the water
reflecting the Alps on clear days.
Lago Meugliano (Meugliano Lake):
Slightly farther at around 15 km, this smaller lake is nestled in a
verdant valley and known for its crystal-clear waters and biodiversity.
It's a haven for anglers and hikers, with paths leading to viewpoints
overlooking the Canavese plains. In spring, wildflowers blanket the
shores, while autumn brings vibrant foliage. The area ties into local
legends of ancient rituals, adding a mystical layer to visits.
Cappella di San Pietro Martire (Chapel of St. Peter Martyr): A quaint
15th-century chapel located roughly 3-5 km away, perched on a hillside
with frescoes depicting the saint's life. It's a short hike to reach,
rewarding visitors with panoramic vistas of Parella and the Dora Baltea
River valley. The chapel's simple Romanesque architecture contrasts with
the ornate castle, offering a peaceful spot for reflection amid olive
groves and vineyards.
Il Pistino MTB Trail Valchiusella: For
adventure seekers, this mountain bike trail starts near Parella and
winds through the Valchiusella valley, about 2-5 km out. It's a
moderately challenging route with singletracks, switchbacks, and
elevation gains, passing through woodlands and offering glimpses of
remote hamlets. Cyclists appreciate the mix of technical sections and
scenic descents, often combining it with visits to nearby lakes.
While Parella is quiet, it's proximate to broader Piedmont
attractions that can be day-tripped:
Castello di Ivrea:
Approximately 10 km away, this imposing Savoy-era castle in Ivrea
features red-brick towers and a history tied to medieval kings. It's
larger and more fortified than Parella's, with exhibits on local
ephemera and views over the Aosta Valley.
Vineyards and Wine Routes:
The surrounding Canavese hills are dotted with wineries producing DOCG
wines. Tours often include tastings of white Erbaluce varieties, with
scenic drives through terraced vines that highlight the agricultural
heritage.
Other Castles and Sites: Within 20 km, spots like Castello
di Foglizzo (a Baroque residence with gardens) and Museo La Steiva (a
small ethnographic museum in Piverone) provide additional historical
depth.
Origins and Early History
The earliest known document mentioning
Parella dates back to 1001, though the settlement likely predates this
as a community of homes and people. Archaeological evidence from nearby
sites, such as pile dwellings at San Giovanni, suggests possible
prehistoric habitation in the area, drawn by the favorable geography. By
the 10th century, Parella was part of the administrative entity called
Pedaneæ (documented as early as 955), which included the villages of
Colleretto, Loranzè, Parella, Quagliuzzo, and Strambinello. During the
reign of King Arduino of Italy (c. 955–1014), the Bishop of Ivrea held
jurisdiction over the region, with local feudal lords receiving
investiture and swearing fealty.
In 1356, Ivrea submitted to the
House of Savoy, marking a shift in regional power. The feudal title over
Parella and its surroundings was held by the counts of San Martino di
Parella from the 13th century until the death of Alessio III without
heirs in 1801. The San Martino family, claiming descent from Charlemagne
and Lombard King Desiderius, played a pivotal role in the area's
medieval history.
Medieval Period and the Castle of Parella
The Castle of Parella, a key architectural heritage site, originated in
the 13th century, built on the remnants of an early medieval structure.
Initially owned by the San Martino family and later by the Marquises of
Ivrea, it features a 14th-century tower possibly damaged during the
Tuchini revolt (1386–1390), a popular uprising against feudal oppression
known as "Tuchinaggio." This revolt led to the destruction of several
castles in the region and culminated in a 1391 convention between nobles
and community representatives, easing feudal burdens.
The castle
underwent significant 17th-century alterations, resulting in a
three-wing structure with internal courtyards and a surrounding park.
Its round tower is adorned with terracotta friezes, and the interiors
boast precious frescoes, including mythological scenes in the Jupiter
room and allegorical vaults in the picture gallery depicting virtues
like love, justice, and strength. The 14th-century tower is constructed
with alternating stone ashlars and brick bands, topped with
machicolations. Adjacent to the castle is the Rosary Chapel, built
between 1585 and 1610, which hosted a Brotherhood of the Holy Rosary
from 1620 onward. It fell into disuse in the early 1900s but was
restored in 1964 through community efforts led by parish priest Don
Bellis.
In modern times, the castle was auctioned in 2011
alongside those of Mazzè and Cesnola, purchased by the Manital Company
for restoration. It now serves as a private museum center, incorporating
surrounding vineyards for Erbaluce DOCG wine production.
Emancipation from Feudalism and Alignment with the House of Savoy
The
communities of Parella and its neighbors gradually emancipated from
feudal control through statutes in 1395 and 1420, and contested bylaws
in 1729, 1797, and 1816. Parella's fate became intertwined with the
House of Savoy, participating in regional conflicts. During the
1639–1642 civil war between principists and madamists, Prince Tommaso's
troops imposed tributes, particularly during the 1641 siege of Ivrea. In
the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1713), Marquis Carlo Emilio San
Martino di Parella ordered armed locals to defend against French forces
during the 1704 siege of Ivrea.
French Occupation and
19th-Century Developments
Following the French Revolution, Piedmont
allied against France in 1792 but suffered defeats. King Carlo Emanuele
IV fled in 1798, and Piedmont was annexed to France in 1800, becoming
part of the Dora Department with Ivrea as capital. Innovations included
the Republican calendar, French laws, and conscription, though no
Parellese youths are recorded as drafted. A Liberty Tree was planted in
Parella in 1799, symbolizing imposed revolutionary ideals. French forces
departed in 1814.
The 19th century saw contributions to Italy's
unification wars (1848, 1859, 1866), though specific Parellese
involvement is sparse. Notable infrastructure included a municipal
aqueduct proposed in 1859 and the parish church of San Michele
Arcangelo.
20th-Century Wars and Fascism
Parella contributed
to the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912), with local Giovanni Ceresa earning
a bronze medal for heroism. In World War I (1915–1918), seven Parellese
soldiers fell, commemorated at the Parco della Rimembranza cemetery
monument.
During the Fascist era, a Royal Decree on February 28,
1929, merged Parella and four neighboring comunes into Pedanea, with
Parella as capital. This was reversed in 1947, restoring autonomy.
Fascist youth organizations like Balilla influenced local children, and
streets were renamed (e.g., Via San Michele became Via Roma in 1931). In
the 1935–1936 Ethiopian War, 19 Pedanese youths participated.
World
War II (1939–1945) brought air raids, rationing, and drafts (44 from
Parella and Strambinello). The armistice of September 8, 1943, led to
the Republic of Salò and Resistance activities, with a local CNL
committee and SAP units under Giulio Nicola Giordano. Post-war, Parella
regained independence in 1948 and formed associations like the Unione
Terre del Chiusella in 2011 for shared services.
Notable Figures
Parella has produced or been associated with several prominent
individuals:
Giovanni San Martino (1397–1479): Born in Parella
Castle; Bishop of Ivrea who resolved border disputes and contributed to
local churches.
Carlo Ludovico Emilio San Martino di Parella
(1639–1710): A distinguished military leader who fought in wars against
the Waldensians, Turks (including the 1683 Siege of Vienna), and French
forces. He served as a general under Duke Vittorio Amedeo II, was
involved in a failed 1682 conspiracy, and retired to Parella Castle,
where he died.
Giacomo Naretti (1831–1899): Carpenter who emigrated
to Ethiopia, building churches and the imperial palace; honored with the
Order of Solomon.
Francesco Carandini (1858–1946): Prefect and
historian who wrote on Canavese history and built a home in Parella.
Piero Malvezzi (1916–1987): Resistance activist, publisher, and
Holocaust historian.
Giuseppe Giacosa (1847–1906): Poet and
playwright with a summer residence near Parella.
Other figures
include industrialists like Giacomo Bosso, who modernized the local
paper mill, and military heroes like Giovanni Lagna, awarded a gold
medal in WWII.
Modern Developments and Cultural Heritage
Today, Parella emphasizes its historical sites, including the
19th-century Church of San Michele Arcangelo, Villa Barattia (eclectic
style), and Villino Barattia (Art Nouveau). The town participates in
regional tourism, highlighting its role in Piedmont's feudal and wartime
past. Demographic stability reflects its rural charm, with ongoing
efforts to preserve heritage amid modern collaborations with neighboring
comunes.