Tìvoli is an Italian town of 56 518 inhabitants in the metropolitan city of Rome Capital in Lazio. The municipal territory of Tivoli occupies the slopes of the Tiburtini mountains between the Roman countryside to the west and the territory of the municipalities of Castel Madama and Vicovaro in the eastern hinterland of the province of Rome.
Ancient Latin city with the name Tibur, called by
Virgil with the title of Tibur Superbum (Aeneid, Lib. VII) which
still stands in the city coat of arms, boasts of being older than
Rome, according to the historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus it was
founded by Aborigines as a consequence of the rite of the sacred
spring.
The archaic settlement is thought to have originated
in 1215 BC. and it was fortified on the left bank of the Aniene by
the Sicilians, where the fortifications in the current district of
San Paolo (presumably in the 11th-10th centuries BC) and
subsequently (VIII-VII century) arose first, bringing the
inhabitants closer to river, the acropolis and the ancient buildings
(where the Tiburtini citizens of the Middle Ages would later return
to perch), taking advantage of the dominant position on the ford
which was the shortest path for the transhumance of flocks between
the Agro Romano and Abruzzo, along the route that would later become
via Valeria. Even today the district of the ancient acropolis is
called Castrovetere.
According to Cato in the Origines, the
Sicilians were driven out by the Greeks led by Catillo of Arcadia
and his three sons: Tibur, Corace and Catillo; who renamed the city
with the name of their elder brother. The Romans to signify the
state in place called the city Tiburi which then became Tibori,
Tiboli and finally Tivoli for this reason the inhabitants are called
Tiburtini.
The fact that ancient Tibur was a point of
confluence of different populations (especially Sabines and Latins),
is confirmed by the existence of the great sanctuary of Ercole
Vincitore (restored since June 2011), a classic deified hero of
Greek origin, protector of trade and of the places where they took
place, whose remains can be dated to the 2nd century BC, but which
can be traced back to an older place of worship (perhaps in the area
of the current Ponte dell'Acquoria) common to populations who met
to trade , similarly to what happened near the ford of the Tiber in
the Forum Boarium already in pre-archaic times.
In the fourth
century. B.C. it fought with Rome after entering the Latin League
which wanted to oppose the city that intended to subdue Lazio until
it was finally subdued by Rome. It helped Rome in the Punic Wars so
much that it was one of the main supply points for the troops. It
remained neutral during the Civil War and was recognized as a Roman
municipality with the Lex Iulia municipalis in the 1st century BC.
After the transition from republic to empire, Tibur consolidated as
a commercial and residential center, becoming the seat of many
villas of wealthy Romans, as evidenced by the numerous remains .
Those still known and identified today are attributed to Orazio,
Cassio, Publio Quintilio Varo, Manlio Vopisco (the remains of the
latter are incorporated into the current Villa Gregoriana). Augustus
himself stayed there and administered justice under the arcades of
the sanctuary of Ercole Vincitore. The culmination of these
settlements was represented by the villa of Hadrian, in the 2nd
century AD. Queen Zenobia of Palmyra spent her last days here in
Tivoli in 275 AD.
In the Middle Ages the barbarian invasions
led to a period of decline with consequent abandonment of the villas
and the countryside, as a result of which the population moved
inside the walls, a document of 945 certifies that the city was
governed by a duke. Between the tenth and eleventh centuries. Tivoli
entered the war with Otto III. In the Late Middle Ages Tivoli and
Rome returned to arms because Rome cannot bear the strategic
position of Tivoli. Frederick Barbarossa was supported by the city
and in exchange fortified the walls and allowed the city to insert
the imperial eagle, a beautiful city coat of arms. Tivoli was a
bishopric (known from the year 366) and strongly involved in feudal
disputes. Always jealous of her own independence, but squeezed
between the Roman barons and the Benedictine fief of Subiaco, she
sided with the Ghibellines to escape the bishop's patrimony; however
this did not spare her from continually dividing herself into
factions and remaining hostage to the dispute between the powerful
Romans, such as the Colonna and the Orsini, to finally return, in
the 15th century, to the patrimony of the Church, whose status
followed the fate. Pope Pius II built Rocca Pia and put an end to
all conflicts and subjecting the city to the papacy. In 1550
Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este (1509-1572) was appointed governor of
Tivoli, who promoted the construction of the famous villa that takes
its name from his family. The arrangement of Villa d'Este was
continued by his successors, his nephew Cardinal Luigi d'Este (died
1586) and Cardinal Alessandro d'Este (died 1624).
In the
Middle Ages there was also a Jewish community.
In 1867 the city witnessed the Agro Romano Campaign for the
liberation of Rome with Garibaldi's Pianciani column.
In the
years of the advent of fascism (1921-1922) Tivoli, with the
Parmegiani junta, elected in 1919 and with a strong worker
component, was one of the last municipalities in Italy under
socialist and communist leadership, together with Ancona, Parma and
Cremona, and its strenuous resistance to the pressures of Roman
fascism was closely linked to the public exploitation of the waters
of the waterfall for the production of electricity, which remained
so until the fall of the Giunta. The attempts of the Roman Fascists,
supported by the local ones who had Guglielmo Veroli as their
secretary, were continually punished by the "Arditi del Popolo",
groups of workers and peasants who had sprung up in defense of the
Chambers of Labor, who were the usual target of the raids of the
black shirts. In this context, episodes of attacks by local fascists
also occurred in those years, such as on the occasion of the railway
workers 'strike of 1920 or on the occasion of the return to Tivoli
of fascist gangs that had participated in a demonstration in Rome in
1921. The developments of this' The latest attack led to the killing
of the secretary of the Fascio Guglielmo Veroli by the secretary of
the Chamber of Labor Dante Corneli, an invalid paper mill worker
who, attacked by 4 fascists, including Veroli, in the Todini alley,
defended himself with weapons. In reaction to this episode there was
a real occupation of the city, with a massive use of violence by
Fascism, which for this purpose transferred the hierarch of
Civitavecchia Pollastrini, famous for his brutality that had allowed
him to defeat the fiercest group of Arditi del Popolo from Lazio.
The latter's activity consisted in exercising continuous violence on
the members of the Parmeggiani Council, and in an attempt, partially
successful, to divide the workers of the Power Plant. This allowed
the Fascists to exile, with the complicit passivity of the Royal
Carabinieri, the Giunta Parmegiani, exiling its main members.
Fascism thus took power in Tivoli and immediately the Power Plant
was privatized, passing into the hands of the Anglo-Roman company.
During the Second World War the city, which was on the path of
the Nazi retreat towards the north along the Via Valeria, was
severely and repeatedly bombed by the Anglo-American aviation, which
aimed to interrupt the rail and road connections between Rome and
the 'Adriatic.
During the German occupation the presence of
partisan groups was strong. They devoted themselves essentially to
sabotage and support functions for the actions of the Allies. In
this context we must insert the story of the Eletti, partisan of the
first hour, who was entrusted by the Allies with the responsibility
of a radio transmitter that should have played a role of primary
importance in view of the air-landing on Rome. The loss of
reliability on the part of the Elects, who, despite the undoubted
personal value, managed this radio in a very imprudent way, risking
to make its location known to the Nazi-fascists, was at the origin
of its killing by the Tiburtini partisans themselves, by direct
order of the Allies, as was confirmed in the relative trial that
took place immediately after the war which ended with the full
acquittal of the accused. Apart from this painful episode, the
sabotage action of the Tiburtine formations was continuous and
extended to the Roman countryside. This involved bloody retaliation
as well as the destruction of infrastructures (such as the bridges
over the Aniene, with the exception of the ancient Lucanian one) by
the retreating Nazis.
Until the seventies of the twentieth
century Tivoli remained a city with a strongly industrial vocation
and with a solid working base, politically oriented to the left, at
least in the supra-municipal elections. In the phase of
deindustrialization that followed, there was also a strong and felt
political opposition of the years of lead. There were numerous
right-wing extremists, even of national importance, coming from
Tivoli or linked to the city, which in any case expressed, even
throughout the decade 1970-80, a very strong and predominant workers
and student movement linked to the PCI and to the
extra-parliamentary left in its different joints.
Cathedral Basilica of San Lorenzo
deacon and martyr;
Church of San Biagio bishop and martyr;
Church of Sant'Andrea apostolo;
Church of Santa Maria Maggiore -
boarding school
Church of San Silvestro;
Church of San
Bernardino da Siena;
Church of San Giorgio martire;
Church of
San Pietro alla Carità;
Church of Santa Sinforosa (known as del
Gesù);
Church of the Madonna della Fiducia (formerly of Santa
Croce dei Cappuccini);
Church of Sant'Antonio Abate;
Church of
San Getulio;
Church of Santa Barbara (Via degli Orti);
Church
of San Giovanni Evangelista; in the church, currently inside the
hospital complex of the same name, a cycle of frescoes from the
second half of the fifteenth century is visible, already attributed
to Antoniazzo Romano or Melozzo da Forlì. Today it is preferred to
attribute them to a painter with a strong personality, the so-called
"Master of Tivoli", working at the time of these two masters.
Church of Sant'Anna;
Church and former Convent of Sant'Antonio di
Padova (Provincial road to Marcellina);
Former Monastery of the
Olivetani - Hotel Torre Sant'Angelo (Viale Quintilio Varo);
Arch
of the Madonna di Quintiliolo (Viale Quintilio Varo);
Sanctuary
of the Madonna di Quintiliolo.
Deconsecrated churches:
San
Michele Arcangelo in Piazza Palatina (XII century);
Santo Stefano
dei Ferri (XII century);
Santa Maria dell'Oliveto (mistakenly
believed to be Sant'Alessandro) in via del Tempio d'Ercole (XII
century);
San Vincenzo, built in 1268 and rebuilt in 1860. The
parish title was transferred to the church of S. Andrea in 1826;
Santa Maria dell'Oliva (1512);
San Nicola al Colle (1590);
Annunziata (1729).
Disappeared churches:
Church of the
Gesù (consecrated in 1587 and partially destroyed in the bombing of
May 26, 1944. The surviving remains, which perhaps could have
allowed the reconstruction of the building and in particular of the
facade, were later demolished in the 1950s);
Church of San
Filippo Neri in via della Missione corner via del Collegio (arranged
in 1620 in the form it had until 1944, when it was also razed to the
ground by bombing);
Church of the Madonna della Febbre (the
remains remain in via dell'Acquaregna);
Church of Santa Maria a
Carciano (at Romitello, demolished after the non-irreparable damage
reported in the bombing):
Church of Santa Cecilia virgin and
martyr in via San Valerio;
Church of Santa Maria della Porta,
then of Santa Lucia (destroyed by the flood of the Aniene in 1826);
Church of Santa Maria del Ponte or San Rocco, from the bridge over
the Aniene known as S. Rocco. It stood in the area of the former
Hotel Sirene and was demolished in 1836. The brotherhood that
officiated it moved in 1844 to the church of S. Andrea, where it
still has its headquarters;
Church of San Valerio in today's
Piazza Rivarola (demolished in 1777 to widen via Valeria);
Church
of San Martino at the bridge of the same name;
Church of San
Benedetto Abate in piazza dell'Olmo (the two frescoes of the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should belong to it, now at the
entrance to a building in piazza Tani);
Church of San Pantaleone
in Postera;
Church of Santa Maria in Monte Arsiccio;
Church of
San Leonardo (at the current hospital of San Giovanni);
Church of
Santa Croce in the homonymous square (collapsed in 1843; in 1856 the
parish title passed to the church of S. Maria Maggiore or S.
Francesco);
Collegiate Church of San Paolo (it was demolished in
1647 for the construction of the Seminary);
Church of San Nicola
in Selci (the bell tower of the XII century remains);
Church of
Santa Caterina al Riserraglio (the bell tower remains, called Torre
di S. Caterina, from the 12th century);
Church of the Savior
(1123 - visible remains of the portico in via del Government);
Church of San Saba all'arco del Macello (1138 - the entrance porch
in via del Colle survives);
Church of Sant'Agnese (Via di
Sant'Agnese).
Other cults
Synagogue
Villa d'Este;
Porta del Colle;
Porta San
Giovanni;
Villa Gregoriana;
Villa Braschi;
Estensi stables;
Rocca Pia.
Villa Adriana;
Mensa Ponderaria and Sacello di Augusto;
Semicircular wall in opus reticulatum behind the apse of the
Cathedral of San Lorenzo (presumed remains of the Roman Forum);
Tomb of the Vestal Cossinia;
Circular temple of the acropolis,
known as the Temple of Vesta (probably of the Sibyl);
Rectangular
temple of the acropolis, known as the Temple of the Sibyl (probably
of Tiburno);
Tempio della Tosse (probable vestibule of a late
antique villa, transformed into a chapel in the Middle Ages);
Sanctuary of Hercules Victor;
Bleso Amphitheater;
Porta Maior
(Via del Colle);
Cryptoporticus (below Piazza Tani);
Villa of
Manlio Vopisco (Villa Gregoriana);
Roman age bridge (Viale Roma);
Mausoleum of the Plauzi (of the Plautii);
Ponte Lucano from the Roman period near the Plauzi Mausoleum;
Villa of Quintilio Varo;
Villa known as of Orazio Flacco;
Villa of Brutus;
Villa of the Pisoni;
Villa known as Cassio;
Industrial archeology sites - paper mills, foundries, pasta
factories, etc. - (right edge of Via del Colle).
Grotta Polesini,
where remains of relevant Palaeolithic artistic manifestations have
been found;
Monte Catillo Nature Reserve;
Artistic emergencies
Rocca Pia (XV century);
Villa d'Este
(16th century);
Cathedral of S. Lorenzo (17th century - on a
pre-existing Roman structure and subsequent medieval church of which
the majestic bell tower remains intact);
House of the Mission -
Monumental Complex of the Annunziata - Civic Museum (Piazza
Campitelli);
Gothic House (Via Campitelli);
Gregorian Bridge;
Fresco depicting St. Peter, erroneously attributed to Cimabue but in
reality a work of the Roman school of the second half of the 13th
century, with Cimabuesque influences [18] (door at no. 14 in Piazza
Domenico Tani);
Triptych of SS. Salvatore (first half of the 12th
century), included in a silvery coating from 1449, with additions
from 1506 (in the cathedral of San Lorenzo);
Frescoes of the apse
arch, of the basin and of the apsidal wall of the church of S.
Silvestro (Roman school of the first half of the 13th century);
Wooden group of the Deposition (1220-1230), attributed to the
so-called atelier of Tivoli, of the Cistercian school (in the
cathedral of San Lorenzo);
Panel by Sano di Pietro (1405-1481)
depicting San Bernardino of Siena, in the Town Hall;
15th century
wooden crucifix attributed to Baccio da Montelupo (Church of Santa
Maria Maggiore);
Icon of the Advocate Madonna, attributed to
Jacopo Torriti or to his circle, XIII century (church of S. Maria
Maggiore);
Cosmatesque floor of the XIII century (church of S.
Maria Maggiore);
Cosmatesque quincunx floor (church of S. Pietro
alla Carità);
Frescoes in the presbytery of the church of S.
Giovanni Evangelista (Antoniazzo Romano, around 1483);
Regnoni-Macera Palace (Via dei Sosii);
Lolli Palace in Lusignano
(Via dei Sosii);
Palazzo Mancini-Torlonia (Via Domenico
Giuliani);
Croce-Pacifici Palace (Via Domenico Giuliani);
Bandini-Piccolomini Palace (Via Domenico Giuliani);
Palazzo
Fucci-Giansanti (Via Palatina);
Palazzo Del
Re-Boschi-Bonfiglietti (Piazza Palatina);
Town Hall Tower (Piazza
Palatina);
Arengario (Piazza Palatina);
Tower House (Piazza
dell'Erbe);
Casa Torre (Via del Seminario);
Palazzo Zaccone
(Via del Seminario);
Palazzo Fraticelli (Vicolo del Seminario);
Episcopal Seminary (Piazza del Seminario);
Palazzo Vergelli
(Piazza del Seminario);
Palazzo Teobaldi (Via Teobaldi);
Palazzo Orsini (Via della Sibilla);
Case Torri (Vicolo dei
Ferri);
Brigante-Colonna Palace (Piazza Colonna);
Palazzo
Reali-Ciaccia (Piazza Colonna);
Quagliolino Palace (Piazza
Taddei);
Coccanari-Teobaldi Palace (Piazza Tani);
Baglioni-Porcari Palace (Via del Riserraglio);
Palazzo Coccanari
(Piazza del Tempio d'Ercole);
Palazzo Fornari (Rivarola Square);
Bulgarini Palace (Rivarola Square);
Tower-Clock Tower House
(Piazza Rivarola);
Serra-Nobili Palace (Piazza Santa Croce);
Santacroce Palace (Via del Trevio);
Palazzo Cenci-Alberici (Via
del Trevio);
Palazzo Pusterla (Via del Trevio);
Palazzo
Regnoni (Via del Trevio);
Todini Palace (Piazza del Plebiscito);
Palazzo Carlandi (Via Colsereno);
Palazzo Cenci - ancient
hospital (Via A. Parrozzani);
Palazzo Sabbi (Via Mauro Macera);
Macera Palace (Via Mauro Macera);
Palazzo Cenci Bolognetti (Via
Mauro Macera);
Palazzo Zappi (Vicolo del Giglio);
San
Bernardino Palace (Town Hall);
Ponte San Martino (Via della
Sibilla);
Watchtower (Via della Sibilla);
Estensi Stables
(Piazza Garibaldi);
Collegio dei Nobili - recently adapted to the
seat of the Court (Viale Nicolò Arnaldi);
Monument to the Fallen
of World War I, by the sculptor Carlo Fontana - 1930 (Garibaldi
garden);
Sculpture in piazza Trento, by Igor Mitoraj - 2008;
Arch of the Constituent Fathers, by the sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro -
2009 (Piazza Garibaldi).
In recent years, some recurring cultural initiatives
have also been launched:
September Tiburtino and the Pizzutello
Festival: various cultural events and manifestations throughout the
month;
the Along Came Jazz, in the month of July: annual festival
dedicated to the experimentation of the links of jazz music with
classical music and folk music (both Mediterranean and Northern
European);
Reviews and concerts of medieval, Renaissance and
Baroque music ("National Review of Ancient Music '96 -'97 and '98",
"Magnificat 2000", "I Concerti dell'Acropoli 2005 and 2007", "I
Giullari 2006, 2007 and 2008 "," Cantigas y Romances 2006 ","
Frottole 2010 "," Villanelle alla Napolitan 2011 "," The Renaissance
sounds young 2012 ");
"Le 5 Giornate dell'Arte", an annual review
of visual arts, literature and music.
FestiVal TiVoli;
By car
Tivoli is located along the SS5 Via Tiburtina Valeria and
is served by the toll booth of the same name located along the A24
Rome-L'Aquila-Teramo motorway connected to the A25 Torano-Pescara
motorway.
On the train
The FL2 line of the Lazio regional
railway service connects Rome Tiburtina with Tivoli via the
Rome-Avezzano-Sulmona-Pescara railway line.
1 Tivoli Station, Via
Sant'Agnese, 00019, Tivoli, ☎ +39 0774 335268. Main railway station of
the Municipality.
2 Bagni di Tivoli station, Via Caio Plinio, 00011,
Tivoli, ☎ +39 0774 354242. Railway station serving the town of Bagni di
Tivoli.
By bus
Buses serve Tivoli from Ponte Mammolo metro
station on Rome's B line. The bus also stops near Hadrian's villa.
By public transport
City bus 4 goes from the city to Villa
Adriana. It is better to avoid doing the route on foot because the
distance is not short and the road signs are not good. Also you will
need all your time and energy to visit the Villa.
Le Palme Shopping Center, Via Italo Calvino (Bagni di Tivoli), ☎ +39 070 753 0487. 8:00-22:00.
Average prices
L'Ape 50, Via Ponte Gregoriano, 5, ☎ +39 0774
556471. Tue-Sun 12.30-15.00 and 18.30-24.00. Restaurant with outdoor
tables with various local specialties.
The municipal territory of Tivoli occupies the slopes of the
Tiburtini mountains between the Roman countryside to the west and the
territory of the municipalities of Castel Madama and Vicovaro in the
eastern hinterland of the province of Rome.
It is bathed by the
Aniene river.
Climate classification: zone D, 1580 GR/G
According to ISTAT data as of 31 December 2019, the resident foreign
population was 7969 people. The most represented nationalities were:
Romania - 5,277
Egypt - 419
Albania - 185
Moldova - 180
Poland - 148
Pakistan - 147
China - 137
Bangladesh - 136
Ukraine - 113
Peru - 106
The Tivoli dialect is a central type dialect (also called "median"),
belonging to the Sabine family, and therefore quite different from its
Roman neighbor in the final endings of masculine words which commonly
end in -u (if deriving from Latin words ending in -us -um, otherwise we
have -o) while in Italian and Roman we have the generalized outcome in
-o.
Another characteristic of Tiburtino is the gutturalization of
Italian gli in -gghi. The latter is a hard guttural sound intermediate
between the c of house and the g of cat.
The phenomenon of the
so-called is also typically median. "voicing" of consonants after nasal
("m" and "n"): e.g. we have "cinguanda", "tembo", sounds unknown to the
Roman dialect, and in any case also in decline in Tivoli.
The
articles derive from the demonstrative ille, illa illud, as in Italian,
with the loss of the initial il, so we will have the definite article
lu, la, li, le and lo. The definite article is used in relation to
non-count nouns (lo pa', lo sale, lo copper, lo feru), noun adjectives
and adverbs (lo maro', lo pocu, lo troppu, il colore brown, il poco, too
much), noun verb infinitives (he eats it, he drinks it, he sleeps it).
The indefinite articles are instead: 'Nu, 'N, 'na
The
demonstrative pronouns are instead: “quistu, Questa, questo'” diminut.
stu, 'sta, 'sto = this, this, this (neuter) “quillu, that, that”
diminut. ‘ssu, ‘ssa,'sso = this, this, this (neutral), while the
personal pronouns "Io, Essi, Esse".
Another phonetic
characteristic that distinguishes Tiburtino from Roman, and also evident
in Italian speech, is the very frequent closure of the diphthong "ie",
which instead in Roman is pronounced open due to the Tuscan influence
exerted in Rome starting from the 16th century: for which while in Rome
we have for example "ièri", "insième", "diètro", in Tivoli we will
respectively have "iéri", "insiéme", "diétro", etc. Only a few words are
excepted, in which even in Tivoli this diphthong has an open sound, but
these are typical pronunciations of many other areas of central Italy
and beyond, such as for example. "sky", "viène". Another departure from
Roman dialect (and Italian) is the open pronunciation of the word
"nòme", also vital in Campania, Abruzzo, Molise, etc. Conversely, in
Tivoli, in accordance with standard Italian, the "o" of "sóno" (verb to
be), "sógno" and "bisógno" are pronounced closed, which in Rome sound
like "sòno", "sògno" and "bisògno" .
Finally, it should be noted
that the authentic Tiburtino dialect is now increasingly in decline,
almost limited to the historic center and completely abandoned by the
younger generations, especially if resident in the hamlets closest to
Rome, such as Bagni di Tivoli: in fact, they find it is more congenial
to express oneself in current Roman dialect, considered the most
prestigious regional variant.
Here is an example of poetry in
Tiburtino dialect:
DIALÉTTU OUR
by Gian Franco D'Andrea
We don't know the dialect anymore, and we don't go around the
funnies, those beautiful views of Arempéttu, for the streets that are
next to us.
They all tell us that the good language is the
national one, the itagghiànu, this one is no longer a bad language,
which in the past would be bbifúrcu foretànu.
I'm sorry if I'm
safe, the ggiùvini don't zànnu the arecàcci, biúnzu, crìnu and màncu
mottadúru.
Send me pigghiémo to talk, 'n' mézzu to the streets
and nnòne múru múru, without dialéttu we are more pporàcci.
the Tiburtino Carnival, with allegorical floats and masks;
the San
Giuseppe Fair, 19 March: last survivor of a series of ancient
agricultural, livestock and tool fairs;
the Procession of the Dead
Christ, on Good Friday;
the Procession of the Madonna of Quintiliolo,
the first Sunday of May. Every year, on this very occasion, a flower
display is organized by the Contrada Via Maggiore along Via Domenico
Giuliani (the street followed by the procession) in which, by custom,
only the bishop and the person carrying the Madonna can trample on the
flowers, which depict religious subjects ;
the Procession of
Sant'Antonio di Padova, on 13 June;
the Procession of Santa
Sinforosa, Tiburtina martyr and co-patron of the city. Santa Tiburtina
is also celebrated in the town of Tivoli Terme on 18 July;
the
Procession of San Lorenzo martyr, Patron Saint of Tivoli, on 10 August:
during the afternoon and the procession historical scenes on the life of
the Patron Saint are represented, in collaboration with the Historical
Group of Villa Adriana;
the Inchinata, 14 and 15 August: religious
festival with procession, dating back to the Middle Ages and still very
popular, which consists of a sort of meeting between two ancient images
of the Madonna and the Savior, coming respectively from the church of S.
Maria Maggiore and the Cathedral.
Pizzutello festival, where
throughout the city citizens dressed in traditional clothes offer or
sell the pizzutella grape, typical of the area thanks to the fertile
soil under the city waterfall.