Aluksne is a city in Latvia, the administrative center of Aluksne region in the east of Vidzeme. Aluksne is located 202 km from Riga, on the shore of Lake Aluksne. Aluksne is the highest city in Latvia, located about 200 meters above sea level (highest point - Temple Mount - 217 m).
The Alūksne area has long been located on an ancient
trade route from the Gauja Basin to the lands of Pskov and Novgorod.
In the 8th century, the territory of the present-day Alūksne region
was conquered by the Letgalian tribes and the state of Atzeles was
established. On the island of Lake Alūksne was the ancient Olga
castle of Letga. The castle of the Livonian Order Marienburg
(German: Marienburg - 'Mary's Castle'), built on the site of the
Letgalian lake castle, was first mentioned in writings in 1284. In
1342, under the leadership of the Order's master Burhard von
Dreilben, the old wooden castle was demolished and the construction
of the Order's stone castle was completed. During the Polish-Swedish
war, the Swedes managed to occupy the castle and it came to the
Swedish part of Vidzeme. During the Great Northern War in 1702, the
Marienburg Fortress, which was protected by about 300 Latvian
battalion soldiers in the Swedish army, was forced to capitulate to
Russian troops led by Count Boris Sheremetyev. In the 19th century,
Alūksne became an important trade center, in 1903 the narrow-gauge
railway line Stukmaņi — Gulbene — Alūksne — Ape — Valka was built.
In 1920, Alūksne was granted city rights. After the Second World
War from 1946 to 1949, Alūksne was the center of the county, since
1950 the center of Alūksne district, but after the territorial
reform of 2009, the center of Alūksne district.
Ruins of the Order Castle on the Castle
Island in Lake Aluksne. The construction of Marienburg Castle was
completed in 1342 by the master of the Livonian Order, Burhard von
Dreileben. During the Great Northern War, the castle was surrounded
by Russian troops under Sheremetyev. After the events of the Great
Northern War, the castle, which was turned into ruins, was no longer
restored, and today there is an open-air stage with 3,000 seats in
the castle ruins.
The new castle was built in 1859-1863. in
English neo - Gothic style by order of A. von Fittinghof. Currently,
the castle houses the Museum of Local Lore and Art, the Museum of
Nature and the Youth Interest Center (ABJC).
Aluksne Lutheran
Church is a single-storey stone building, built between 1781 and
1788, in a high place near the lake according to the project of Riga
architect Christopher Haberland. The church has a 40 meter high
stepped tower. The building was built in the Classicist style, but
there are also some Baroque style elements on its facade and on the
top floor of the tower. A lamp with an organ built in 1885 was built
at the end of the tower of the room. The altar was built in 1786 and
is decorated with urns, apostles and animals.
The Bible
Museum was established in 1908 and is dedicated to Ernst Glick. The
architect of the building is Christoph Haberland.
Temple Hill
- a popular tourist attraction in Aluksne, which overlooks Lake
Aluksne. Beginning in 1930, tourist attractions began to be built on
the Temple Mount. One of the objects is a bridge named after the Sun
Bridge.
no. 157 .:
Alūksne medieval castle on the island of Alūksne lake Castle
no.
158 .: Castle Island medieval cemetery and medieval fortification
no. 159 .: Cepurīte island settlement on Cepurīte island of Lake
Alūksne
no. 160 .: Temple Hill (castle mound) with a settlement
on the Cemetery Peninsula of Lake Aluksne
no. 161 .: Alūksne
settlement on the shore of Alūksne lake, Mellums
no. 162:
Kanceles kalniņš (Church Hill) - an ancient place of worship at the
corner of Pils and Miera streets
no. 2665 .: Alūksne castle ruins
on the castle island of Alūksne lake (1342–1702)
no. 2666-2674:
Alūksne manor park between Pils street and the lake shore (18th
century - 19th century) - stone bridge (18th century), Alexander
pavilion (18th century) .), Aeolian Temple (2nd half of the 18th
century), colonnade (b. 19th century), mausoleum (1831), obelisk to
Fitinghof in Alūksne manor park (1799), pavilion - rotunda
1805–1807), "Palm House" at 33 Pils Street (b. 18th century).
no.
2674-2766, 2685 .: Aluksne manor buildings - New Castle (1860–1863),
round tower, stable, barn
no. 2679: Alūksne Public Society House
(former brewery) at Brūža Street 7 (1927–1929)
no. 2682-283:
Alūksne Old Castle at O. Vācieša Street 2a (1793—1794), manager's
house at O. Vācieša Street 8
no. 7424 .: Alūksne city historical
center (19th century)
no. 2686-2968: elevator at K. Barona Street
1 (1939), bank at Brūža Street 1 (1927—1931), residential building
at Brūža Street 4 (b. 19th century), Alūksne Gymnasium building at
Glika Street 10 (1938), Alūksne Orthodox Church at Helēnas Street 56
(1895), residential buildings at Jāņkalna Street 8 and Jāņkalna
Street 25, old gymnasium building at Jāņkalna Street 38 (1913–1914),
Bahnhof's Hotel at Jāņkalna Street 51 (1910–1912), Anna Agricultural
Society House “Economy "Lielais ezera Street 4 (1912), residential
building at Lielais ezera Street 7 (1934), residential building at
Lielais ezera Street 11 (1910—1911), Aluksne Castle Pub" Šloskrogs
"at Ošu Street 5 (19th century - 1932)
no. 2699 .: Jaunaluksne
Castle at Ozolu Street 1 (2nd floor of the 19th century)
no.
2700, 2915 .: Alūksne Lutheran Church at Pils Street 25 (1781–1788),
altar (18th century), organ (1885), door sets (4), interior
decoration, pulpit.