Brasov (Romanian Brașov, German Kronstadt, Kronstadt in
Siebenbürgen, Kronen, Saxon Kruhnen, Latin Brassovia or Corona,
Bulgarian Брашевъ, Polish Braszów, Slovak Brašov, Yiddish Kronshtat)
is a city in Romania. From August 22, 1950 to December 24, 1960, it
was called Orașul Stalin (Stalin City, Stalinstadt).
The
former great center of the Transylvanian Saxons, formerly the County
of Brasó, today the seat of the County of Brasó. Brasópojana belongs
to it. Its sister city in Hungary has been Győr since 1993.
The foundation walls of Brassovia Castle can still be seen on Cenk
Hill. The remains of the pedestal of the Millennium Monument, which was
demolished in 1916, can still be seen nearby.
The defense of the city
was provided by two more towers, the Black and White towers, on the
Warte hill on the northern side, which are still standing today.
The
Black Church was built between 1383 and 1424. It was the largest church
in the former Hungary and was originally dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary. Above its southern gate is the coat of arms of Mátyás and Beatrix
of Aragon, a Lutheran church since the Reformation. Next to it stands
the statue of the great reformer János Honterus.
The town hall is of
Gothic origin, it was mentioned for the first time in 1420, and it was
baroqueized in the 18th century.
Brasov History Museum, in the
building of the Old Town Hall
Mureșenilor House
Saint Nicholas
Church
The first Romanian school
Museum of Barcaság Fortresses
Citadel
Black church
Greek church
Synagogue
Saint
Bartholomew's Church
St. Martin's Church
Katalin gate
Museum of
Ethnography
Cenkalji Promenade (Str. Tiberiu Brediceanu) and Graft
Promenade (După Ziduri)
Gate Street (Str. Republicii)
Klastrom
Street (Str. Mureșenilor)
Rezső Park (Parcul Nicolae Titulescu)
Zoo
Cenk
Pojana of Brasov
Solomon's stone
Beer fork
The literary life of Brasó was formed between Romanian, German and
Hungarian influences and relationships. In addition to the Saxon
Honterus and the Romanian Coresi, János Nyírő of Szebeni appeared as
early as 1581, whose collection of biblical quotations in Hungarian is
kept by the British Museum. The Reformation provided an opportunity for
all three languages to assert themselves in literature. Since 1637, the
Hungarian language has also been taught in the city's famous Saxon high
school. First, the denominations, and then the civil and labor
associations of the 19th century led the local Hungarians to a rich,
versatile intellectual harvest. In the 1830s, the city's first three
newspapers, the Siebenbürger Wochenblatt, the Gazeta de Transilvania and
the Erdélyi Hírlap with its literary supplement, the Mulattató, were
launched here at the same time. On April 16, 1849, the Brassói Lap was
published under the editorship of Károly Veszely and had 19 issues. The
Brasov press and public life were happy to mention its spirit of public
brotherhood, as well as the legacy of István Rab Zajzoni, Ferenc Koós
and the Magyar Munkászó Egylet founded in 1887. .
Freedom fighter
István Rab Zajzoni ended his tragic poetic career here, and Ferenc Koós
published his memoirs here. The Hungarian aspects of local history and
ethnography were explored by Antal Horger, and the visiting Hungarian
writers and artists in 1887 (including József Kiss and the young Benedek
Elek) gave new impetus to local Hungarian literary initiatives. In the
same year, the Hungarian Workers' Reading Association of the socialists
was also founded.
The 19-20. At the turn of the 20th century, the
Hungarian press life in Brasov picked up, several Hungarian weekly
papers were launched at the same time: Brassói Szemle edited by Gyula
Halász; In 1919, the Forward c. workers' newspaper (after the 1920
strike, the title was Illuminance); however, among the competing papers,
in the 1920s, the Brassói Lapok and its companion paper, Népújság,
founded as early as 1895, gained national fame. In the 1930s, the group
of writers formed around this paper, headed by Sándor Kacsó, raised the
local intellectual life to a national level. This is where the popular
culture movement (ÁGISZ, Hasznos Könyvtár), book publishing of the
Brasov Newspapers (Ajándékregénytár) and the new realist writers'
grouping (Erdélyi Encyclopédia) arose. Hungarian-Saxon literary
relations developed here between the two world wars. In Brasov,
Nagyenyed and Cluj-Napoca, the writers of Klingsor from Brasov and
Helikon from Transylvania organized a joint reading evening, mutual
translations are increasing.
After August 23, 1944, on October
22, the democratic Népi Egység, edited by Kurkó Gyárfás and then Ferenc
Szemlér, was started. ). The scientific and literary life of the
Hungarian students in Brasó was formed around this paper with the help
of enthusiastic organizers such as Géza Apáthy and Jenő Szikszay; the
local Romanian Astra and German Karpaten Rundschau c. magazine, a close
collaboration was established to foster Romanian-Hungarian-Saxon
literary relations.
The Hungarian Choir, a popular theater group
and puppet group, the Hungarian Ensemble of the local Dalszínház
Szálljon a dal c. exceeded the 100th performance with his sheet music.
On the initiative of the Brassói Lapok, the Hungarian branch of the
local People's University was established in 1973, which, by inviting
local and nationally renowned lecturers, organized a series of lectures
not only in the county seat, but also in Szecseleváros, Fogaras and
Kőhalom.
The 1980s had a negative impact on the development of
Romanian, Saxon and Hungarian literature and culture, censorship was
strong, and the change of regime in December 1989 brought an upswing.
"Sică Alexandrescu" - Drama Theater
Brasov Opera
"Gheorghe
Dima" Philharmonic
"Arlechino" puppet theater
"Reduta" culture
house
Theater Club
Libraries
County Library
French
Library
British Library
"Transylvania" University Library
Golden Deer Festival
In 1968, it was organized at the disposal of the
Romanian government in order to prove to the West that Romania is an
open country. Four years later, Ceaușescu abolished it, and since 1992
it has been held again every year.
Cultural events
Hungarian
Days in Brasov - annually
Reménységházi Sokadalom - annually
Brasov city days - annually
Jazz and Blues Festival - annually
Chamber Music Festival - annually
Contemporary theater Festival -
annually
Black church organ concerts - weekly
Beer Festival
(Berarul mare) - annually
Aurora Festival (Berarul mic) – annually
Harvest Festival - annually
Crafts Fair – annually (at the same time
as the city days)
Brasov Hungarian Theater Festival - annually
Barcaság Children's Festival - every year
The name Brasó was first used in 1252, IV. It appears in one of
Béla's donation documents as Terra Saxonum de Barasu (the land of the
Saxons of Barasu). Its origin is unclear, several theories have been
proposed to explain it. According to the most likely theory, it is of an
anthroponymic origin and was formed from a personal name with a Slavic
Bras root (Brasic, Bratislav). Another theory derives it from the Old
Turkic word baraszó (white water), which probably referred to the rapids
of the Köszörű stream.
The name Corona appears for the first time
in a register of monasteries in Premontre, according to which a
monastery of Corona existed in the territory of the bishopric of Kun in
1235 (In Hungaria assignata est paternitas Dyocesis Cumanie: Corona).[5]
According to a popular explanation, the name refers to the royal crown
seen in the ancient coat of arms of the city, and the coat of arms
itself is based on the legends according to which the Hungarian King
Solomon hid his crown among the roots of a tree while fleeing. According
to another theory, the settlement was named after the ancient Christian
martyr Corona, and the crown on the coat of arms is an "eloquent"
representation of it.[6] The roots supporting the heads appear only in
the first half of the 16th century.
According to some historians,
Corona was the name of the city fortress and Brasó was the name of the
county; according to others, both names applied equally to the castle
and its surroundings.
It is located in the south-eastern part of Transylvania, in the Carpathian bend, in the Barcasági basin, at the foot of the Cenk mountain. Its average height above sea level is 600 meters, its lowest point is at the central railway station (530 m), and its highest point is at Solomon's Stone (700 m). The heights in the city are Fellegvár (644 m), Csiga-hegy (713 m) and Cenk (955 m). Brasó also includes the Schuler meadow (Brassópojána), located on the side of Keresztényhavas, at 1000 meters.
The climate of Brasov is continental, with summer and winter lasting 50-50 days each. The temperature is between 22 °C and 27 °C in summer and -10 °C and -2 °C in winter. In winter in Brasópojána it can be as low as -15 °C, all winter sports can be enjoyed at this resort, the snow usually does not melt for 71 days. Relative humidity of the air: 75%. The average annual rainfall is about 600–700 mm. The wind usually blows from the west and northwest at a speed of 1.5–3.2 m/s.
The Graft stream, Valea Tei stream, Rakodó stream, Valea Popilor stream, Kurta stream, Valea Florilor stream, Gorganu stream, Száraz-Tömös stream and the Tömös channel pass through Brasov county.
The flora is the same as that common in the region. However, many large mammals live in the forests of the nearby mountains, especially bears, wolves and foxes. Bears often come down to populated areas for food. Cenk is a protected area (2.03 km²) with many rare species.
Since the area near the Tömösi Strait was of special importance both
from a military and commercial point of view, Brasó probably already had
a populous settlement - presumably inhabited by Bulgarians - at the time
of the conquest. The past of the fortress at the top of Cenk Hill is
also shrouded in uncertainty. In the 13th century, the peasant castle,
which was later called Brassovia, certainly guarded the gates of
Transylvania, but opinions are divided as to whether IV. Béla, the
German Knights, or perhaps St. István built its walls.
The known
history of Brasov begins with the arrival of the Teutonic Knights. The
Crusaders received the settlement as a donation in 1211 II. from King
András, and according to the original ideas, it would have served as a
base for the conversion of the Havasalföld and Moldavian territories
beyond the Carpathians to Christianity, as well as for ensuring
Hungarian rule there.
In 1285, the Tatars burned the city. In
1384, as a result of the Tatar raids, the city walls began to be built.
In 1421 II. The Turkish Sultan Murad occupied Brasov and razed the walls
to the ground. After the recapture of the city in 1427, King Sigismund
of Luxembourg held a parliament here. In 1455, János Hunyadi allowed the
people of Brasov to use the ruins of the Cenki castle to rebuild the
city walls. In 1467, King Matthias rested in Brasov during his campaign
in Moldavia. After losing the battle of Mohács, the city sided with
Ferdinand I and drove out János Szapolyai and his troops. With the
sultan's consent, Petru Rareș invaded Transylvania and defeated
Ferdinand's army at Földvár on June 29, 1529, and stormed Brasov and
captured the Citadel, which he destroyed. In 1534, Lodovico Gritti
camped with 7,000 Turks within the walls of the castle, awaiting the
homage of the greats of Transylvania. In 1599, Mihály Vitéz occupied the
city.
In the 16th century, Brasov was already a developed city
with 8,000 inhabitants. Around 1580, the first Hungarian-language book
printed in Brasov, Fons Vitae, Az éléntek kvtfeie (fountain head) was
published from the workshop of the printer János Nireus (Nyirő), without
an indication of the year. Mózes Székely died here in 1603, the IX. He
fought with the army of Voivode Radu Șerban and his body was buried
here. In 1660, the gun turrets in Fellegvár exploded, the defensive
works were restored in 1667.
In 1688, the Austrian army occupying
Transylvania besieged the city, which General Johann Friedrich Ambrosius
von Veterani captured and burned together with the Citadel on May 26.
II. During the freedom struggle of Ferenc Rákóczi, Brasó did not join
the prince, so the Kurucs looted the city.
On July 8, 1611, the
Transylvanian prince Gábor Báthory was defeated here by the combined
army of the Voivode of Moldavia and the Saxons of Brasov. On April 21,
1689, Antonio Caraffa set fire to the city, and the walls of its famous
church, the Black Church, have been black ever since. In the following
years it was plundered by the Kurucs, and in March 1849 it was occupied
by General Bem. On June 19, 1849, it was occupied by tsarist troops, and
the Citadel was taken after a one-day siege. After that, the defensive
significance of the city ceased.
On the initiative of Andrei
Șaguna, the first Romanian-language high school was established in 1850,
which still bears the name of its founder.
The first telegraph
line was established in 1854 between Brasov and Nagyszeben. The first
train passed through the city on March 30, 1873. Later, in 1879, the
Brasov-Bucharest railway line was built. In 1889, the first telephone
exchange was opened, with 22 subscribers. Brasó's first tram line ran
from Városház tér to Bertalan quarter in 1891 (it has now ceased to
exist).
On August 28, 1916, the Romanian Army invaded Brasov. At
the same time, Dr. Gheorghe Baiulescu became the first Romanian mayor of
Brasov. However, part of the Romanian army was destroyed in the Bertalan
quarter. In 1930, the first electricity supply plant was established. On
November 10, 1940, an earthquake measuring 7.4 (according to the Richter
scale) shook the city. In 1943-44, American planes bombed the city
several times. In January 1945, the deportation of the Saxons from
Brasov to the Soviet Union began.
The Drama Theater in the city
center was built in 1960. In 1968, the Golden Deer International
Festival was held for the first time. In 1971, the first university in
Brasov was founded. On March 4, 1977, a huge 7.2 magnitude earthquake
shook the city again, causing many buildings to be damaged. On August
31, 1986, there was another magnitude 7 earthquake. On November 15,
1987, riots broke out in Brasov against the communist regime and Nicolae
Ceaușescu. The movement was quickly crushed and many insurgents
disappeared or were imprisoned. On December 22, 1989, following
Timisoara, the revolution against the communist regime also began in
Brasov, which claimed many lives and wounded. On May 30, 1990, there was
another earthquake (magnitude 6.9). On October 27, 2004, there was
another earthquake (magnitude 6).
Brasov was surrounded by a protective wall, several parts of which
have remained intact to this day. There were two gates on the western
side of the city wall, one of them, the Katalin Gate (formerly the Holy
Spirit Gate), which was mentioned for the first time in 1522. The other
is the Bolgárszegi gate, which was built in 1827, in classicist style.
The city wall originally had thirty-two towers and bastions, most of
which are still standing today. The best-preserved bastion is the
Weavers' bastion, which has a hexagonal floor plan, is multi-storey, and
has a covered corridor made of wood. It currently houses a museum.
On the 920 m long castle wall stretching from the Bastion of the
Weavers in the NE direction, there is the Bastion of the Cloth Makers.
To the NE of here, at the end of the wall, there is the originally 12 m
high, hexagonal bastion of Kötelverőr, rebuilt from its ruins in 2006.
Here, the city wall turned westward all the way to Bodnár's bastion
(this bastion no longer exists). The Bastion of the Belt Manufacturers,
which also no longer exists, and the Goldsmiths' Bastion stood on the
western side of the wall. Today, its bastions include the White Tower
and the Graft Bastion, which originally had a drawbridge. The wall
stretching from here to the south ends in the pentagonal, three-story
bastion of the Kovácsoks, which currently houses the State Archives.
On the northern side of the city, on the Warte Hill, formerly known
as Hernyó Hill, two huge towers provided the external defense of the
city. One tower is the 11 m high, rectangular Black tower, the other is
the semicircular White tower.
Today, only the foundation walls of
the Cenk hill castle are visible.
The statue depicting one of Prince Árpád's warriors was erected on
top of Cenk Hill in August 1896, on the 1000th anniversary of the
conquest. The 20.3-meter-high statue was carved by Budapest sculptor
Gyula Jankovics and unveiled on October 15, 1896, by Minister of the
Interior Dezső Perczel. The statue was a 3.5-meter-tall warrior standing
on a column, an unknown soldier of the conquest in the simple clothing
of the time. On September 27, 1913, two Bessarabians, Ilie Catarau and
Timotei Kirilov, blew it up with dynamite. Their guilt was not revealed
until 90 years later, and they are now hailed as heroes of the Romanian
nation. The statue did not fall as a result of the explosion, it was
only damaged, as a result of which it collapsed on December 31, 1913,
after a heavy snowfall.
After the World War, the pieces of the
monument came into the possession of the Historical Museum in Brasov,
where they were kept in the basement. The part of his head became public
again in 2002, and since then it can be viewed in the central office of
the Lutheran Church in Brasov. They would like to establish a memorial
park in its yard, where the remains of the statue could be exhibited.
Traces of the statue's pedestal can still be found on the top of
Cenk.
Throughout history, the city has withstood many human and natural
devastations:
Great earthquakes 1662, 1738, 1802, 1940, 1977
Storm 1457, 1490, 1599, 1667, 1673, 1682, 1913
Fire 1461, 1519, 1689,
1718
Sieges 1241 (Tatars), 1421 (Turks), 1438 (Turks), 1658 (Tatars)
Plague and other deadly diseases, epidemics 1495, 1510–1511, 1530–1531,
1572, 1588, 1602
General Informations
Its population in 2002 was 284,596. Since
2005, several settlements of the surrounding agglomeration merged into
the city, so the population in 2012 was between 350,000 and 400,000.
Change in population
In 1910, the city had 41,056 inhabitants, of
which 17,831 (43.43%) were Hungarians, 11,786 (28.71%) Romanians, and
10,841 (26.41%) Germans. After Trianon, the composition of the
population changed: currently around 10% are Hungarian, and the Saxon
population does not reach 1,000 people.
Ethnic composition (according to the 2002 census):
258,042
Romanians, 23,176 Hungarians, 762 Gypsies, 56 Ukrainians, 1,717 Germans,
120 Jews, 103 Lipovans, 83 Italians, 71 Greeks, 64 Turks, 28 Hungarians,
24 Poles, 14 Tatars, 13 Bulgarians, 13 Czechs, 13 Armenians, There were
12 Serbs, 4 Slovaks, 6 Croats, 6 Chinese, 227 other and 42 residents of
the city of Brasov who did not declare their nationality.
The
religious distribution of the city:
Orthodox: 244,220, Roman
Catholic: 15,790, Reformed: 7,193, Pentecostal: 1,610, Greek Catholic:
2,926, Baptist: 963, Adventist: 762, Muslim: 180, Unitarian: 2,573,
Evangelical: 860, Old Faithful-Orthodox: 172, synod-presbyterian
evangelical-lutheran: 2205, evangelical: 940, Augustinian evangelical:
949, Jewish: 121, other: 2208, non-denominational: 273, atheist: 238,
did not answer: 413.
The distribution of Hungarians by religion:
approximately 16,000 Roman Catholics, 10,000 Reformed, 3,500 Unitarians,
1,300 Evangelicals.
Brasov's economy was largely determined by its geographical location:
it is located at the intersection of the main trade route connecting
Transylvania with Havašalföld and Moldavia, which is why it was an
important industrial and commercial center already in the Middle Ages.
The first savings bank of Hungary, the Sparkasse, was founded here
(modeled after Vienna in 1835), the country's first dairy cooperative
was established here in 1899, the Scherg fabric factory in 1823 (now
Carpatex), the Schiell machine factory (in 1800, today Hidromecanica),
the Haberman and Czell breweries (now Aurora), the Kenyeres, Jekel, and
Teutsch liquor factories, the Fleischer and Deubel salami factories, the
petroleum refinery (1853), the candy factory (1899), the Eitel soap
factory (1840), the Teutsch iron foundry (1833, now a tool factory), the
Hubber furniture factory (1890), the cement factory (1891), the Seewald
mill (1796).
Industrial development in Brasov began in the period
before the Second World War. One of the largest plants is IAR Brasov,
which produced the first Romanian fighter jets used against the Soviets.
After the war, agricultural equipment was manufactured here. During the
period of communism, industrialization accelerated, heavy industrial
facilities were installed, which attracted many workers from other parts
of the country. These plants have significantly reduced production in
recent years, but continue to produce tractors, trucks, helicopters,
etc.
Brasov consists of more than 550 streets, the length of which is more than 260 km. The street network is very developed in terms of lighting, road quality, traffic lights.
Public transport in the city is provided by buses and trolleybuses. A
line ticket valid for 50 minutes costs 2.5 lei, except for line 20,
which costs 6 lei. The price of the monthly pass is 85 lei. Buses and
trolleybuses operate on a total of 41 lines.
Between 1987 and
2006, there was also a tram in Brasov, which connected the Traktor and
Astra districts.
There are 7 taxi companies in Brasov. The daily
fare in the city is 2.19 lei/km. There is also a car rental company in
the city.
Cenk Hill can be reached by cable car.
Brasov is one of the most important railway hubs in Romania. There
are four railway stations in the city: Central railway station,
Bertalan, Derestye, Triaj (stage station).
The train schedule can
be viewed here.
International trips:
European road E60: Vienna - Budapest -
Oryodvár - Cluj - Marosvásárhely - Brasov - Bucharest - Constanta
E68
(European road): Szeged – Arad – Sibiu – Brasov
E574 (European road):
Craiova – Brasov – Bákó
National roads:
DN 1: Nagyvárad – Sibiu –
Fogaras – Brasov – Bucharest
DN 1A: Brasov – Four Villages – Bratocea
Pass – Vălenii de Munte – Ploiești
DN 10: Brasov – Szaszhermány –
Bodza-szoros – Buzău
DN 11: Brasov – Szaszhermány – Ojtozi Strait –
Onești
DN 13: Marosvásárhely - Segesvár - Brasó
DN 73: Brasov –
Törcsvár – Hosszúmező – Pitești
There are three sports airports in the vicinity of Brasov: Vidombák,
Prázsmár and Barcaszentpéter. An international airport (Aeroportul
Internaionale Brașov-Ghimbav) is currently being built in Vidombák
(2022). After several postponements, it is planned to be handed over in
2022.
During the Second World War, a military airport operated
next to the IAR factory, but it was closed during the Soviet occupation.
The first school (and printing house) operating in the city was
founded by Johannes Honterus in 1539. A total of 23 Latin, 9 Greek and 5
German books were printed in the printing house.
From 1560 to the
beginning of the 1580s, deacon Coresi was active here in Brasov; he
printed church books in Cyrillic script in Old Slavonic and Romanian.
Although there is no document about it, according to contemporary
memoirists, Honterus ordered the establishment of the first Hungarian
school in 1547. However, a document has survived that the town paid a
Hungarian teacher from 1560: the scholasticus hungaricus received 10
frts per year. The school operated next to the great church, in the bell
ringer's apartment.
The Roman Catholics founded a school in 1837,
where teaching was conducted in German until 1867, after which they
switched to teaching in Hungarian. Later, in Bolgárszeg and Óbrasso, a
trade school (1885), a general secondary school (1889), a state high
school for girls (1897) and a well-known secondary industrial school
(1884) were established. The Catholics built a new school in 1901, and
the education of girls was entrusted to nuns: therefore, in 1878, they
bought and remodeled A Naphoz guesthouse (today the entire building
complex houses the art high school). And the reformers provided
secondary education for girls in the building they bought for war
orphans in 1918.
Currently, Hungarian language education takes
place at the Áprily Lajos Líceum (grades 1-12), and Hungarian education
at the elementary school level is also available in several schools
throughout the city.
Currently, the city has 46 kindergartens, 28
elementary schools, 7 colleges, 7 high schools, 1 theological seminary,
11 vocational schools, and 14 university faculties (which are united
under the common name of Transilvania University) and 4 colleges, as
well as the flight academy and 6 private universities.
Press
Print media: Brasói Lapok, Kronstadter Zeitung, Bună ziua Brașov, Chip,
Dacia Jurnal Brașov Gazeta de Transilvania, Monitorul Expres,
Transilvania Expres, Zile și Nopți.
TV: Antena 1 Brașov, Mix TV
Brașov, Nova TV, Pro TV Brașov, RTT Brașov, TVS Brașov.
Radio:
Radio 21 Brașov, Radio Antena Brașovului, Radio Brașov, Radio Dinamic FM
Brașov, Radio Impuls FM Brașov, Radio Kiss FM Brașov, Radio Pro FM
Brașov, Radio Special.
His sports life
The first sports
associations of the region appeared in Brasov, back in the 19th century
(shooting, physical education vocational school). Currently, the Olimpia
Sport Complex is the most well-known, which is sought by the population
mainly because of its tennis courts.
SCM Brasov Fenestella 68
FC Brașov
FC Forex Brașov
Rulmentul
Brașov
Romanian Modern Karate Society
"Olympia", sports complex
Brasov Olympic Swimming Pool
Tineretului Stadium
Municipal stadium
Dynamo stadium
"Ion Țiriac" sports complex
Sports Hall (Sala
Sporturilor)
Alpine swimming pool
ASC Corona 2010 Brașov (ice
hockey)
Lutheran preacher Johannes Honterus, the reformer of the Saxons, was
born and worked here around 1498. He also died here on January 23, 1549.
His statue stands on the south side of the Black Church.
The lutenist
and composer Bálint Bakfark was born here in 1506 or 1507.
The
Transylvanian prince Mózes Székely died here, who lost his life on July
17, 1603 in the bloody battle also known as the "Mohacs of
Transylvania".
The chronicler Hieronymus Ostermayer was the organist
of the Church of Mary in Brasov from 1530, probably until his death.
Chancellor János Petki, an influential orator, died here on October 23,
1612.
Heraldist Martin Schmeitzel was born here on May 28, 1679.
Classical philologist Stephan Bergler was born here around 1680.
Botanist Johann Hedwig was born here on December 8, 1730.
The
historian Georg Michael Gottlieb von Hermann was born here on September
29, 1737.
Historian József Károly Eder was born here on January 20,
1760.
Johann Martin Honigberger, doctor, pharmacist and orientalist,
was born here on March 10, 1795.
Painter Constantin Lecca was born
here on August 4, 1807.
Eduard Zaminer was born here on January 26,
1835, in Hungarian: Zaminer Ede city forester.
Nicolae Teclu, the
inventor of the Teclu burner, was born here on October 18, 1839.
Composer Gheorghe Dima was born here on September 28, 1847.
Archaeologist Gábor Téglás was born here on March 23, 1848.
Ethnographer Antal Herrmann was born here on July 30, 1851.
Ethnographer Henrik Wlislocki was born here on July 9, 1856.
The
painter József Koszta was born here on March 27, 1861.
The poet
Andrei Mureșanu, the creator of the text of the Romanian national
anthem, died here on October 12, 1863.
Linguist Ioan Bogdan, the
founder of Romanian Slavic studies, was born here on July 25, 1864.
Balázs Kenyeres (1865–1940), forensic doctor, histologist, member of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was born here.
Literary historian and
philologist Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică was born here on January 2, 1866.
Poet Ștefan Octavian Iosif was born here on September 11, 1875.
Linguist Sextil Pușcariu was born here on January 4, 1877.
Writer
Adolf Meschendörfer was born here on May 8, 1877 and died here on July
4, 1962.
Journalist, editor, and politician Béla Szele was born here
on November 4, 1878.
Politician and publicist Paál Árpád was born
here in 1880 (?).
The painter János Mattis Teutsch was born here on
January 13, 1884 and died here on March 17, 1960.
The poet Áprily
Lajos was born here on November 14, 1887.
Legal philosopher Gyula
Moór was born here on August 11, 1888.
Art historian Edith Hoffmann
was born here on December 7, 1888.
Graphic artist and painter Count
Ralph Teleki was born here on May 10, 1890.
Writer and poet József
Pap was born here in 1896.
The teacher and philosopher Lajos
Prohászka was born here on March 2, 1897.
The writer Heinrich Zillich
was born here on May 23, 1898.
Photo artist Brassaï (Gyula Halász)
was born here on September 9, 1899.
Tourism and sports journalist
Géza Székely was born here on February 21, 1901.
Painter and composer
Henri Nouveau (Henrik Neugeboren) was born here on March 6, 1901.
Gábor Tuzson, mechanical engineer and author of patent procedures, was
born here on June 3, 1906.
József Nagy, Uzoni Reformed pastor and
church writer, was born here on January 10, 1907.
Actor Sándor Deák
was born here on December 5, 1909.
Actress Olga Eszenyi, member of
the National Theater, was born here on January 27, 1910.
Librarian
and bibliographer Kálmán Tóth was born here on July 8, 1910.
The
politician Eugen Brote died here on December 5, 1912.
Roman Catholic
priest Sándor Bokor, a victim of communism, was born here on June 15,
1915.
The painter Friedrich von Bömches was born here on December 27,
1916.
Writer, poet, playwright, translator Georg Scherg was born here
on January 19, 1917.
Poet and essayist Ștefan Baciu was born here on
October 29, 1918.
Magdolna Zsakó, teacher and travel writer, was born
here on October 9, 1919.
Loránd Lengyel, a Lutheran theological
writer and university professor, was born here on April 19, 1921.
Ethnographer József Faragó was born here on February 2, 1922.
Sándor
Kerekes, surgeon and medical writer, was born here on May 3, 1922.
Writer Ferenc Sánta was born here on September 4, 1927.
The esthete
János Jánosi was born here on May 1, 1928.
Photographer Zoltán Molnár
was born here on March 15, 1929.
Literary politician and writer Géza
Domokos was born here on May 18, 1928.
Poet Doina Cornea was born
here on May 30, 1929.
Magdolna B. Mosoni, textbook editor, was born
here on June 17, 1931.
In 1931-1932, Noémi Ferenczy's engraving
workshop operated here.
Tibor Tomcsányi, journalist, radio and TV
editor, was born here on March 3, 1934.
Photographer Gáspár Török was
born here on July 27, 1934.
Journalist and sports writer László
Székely was born here on May 3, 1935.
Literary historian and
translator János Ritoók (Günther Johann Miess) was born here on June 22,
1935.
József Vofkori, doctor and medical writer, was born here on
March 28, 1936.
Ferenc Kerekes, a mechanical engineer, was born here
on January 20, 1937.
Local and cultural historian György Vofkori was
born here on January 20, 1938.
The philosopher Alexandru Surdu was
born here on February 24, 1938.
Hungarian medical writer Magda
Seres-Sturm was born here on July 10, 1938.
Ilona Verestóy, music
teacher, music specialist, textbook editor, was born here on December
30, 1938.
Writer and poet János Kádár Bögözi was born here on August
18, 1939.
Tennis player Ion Țiriac was born here on May 9, 1939.
The painter Ștefan Câlția was born here on May 15, 1942.
István
Tüdős, sports psychologist and university professor, was born here on
July 21, 1943.
Gyula Székely, electrical engineer and university
professor, was born here on May 26, 1946.
Conductor Horia Andreescu
was born here on October 18, 1946.
German musician Peter Maffay was
born here on August 30, 1949.
Poet Christian W. Schenk was born here
on November 11, 1951.
Political scientist Vladimir Tismăneanu was
born here on July 4, 1951.
Astronaut Dumitru Prunariu was born here
on September 27, 1952.
Poet Ferenc Szász, Unitarian church writer,
was born here on October 25, 1956.
Leonard Orban, European
Commissioner responsible for multilingualism, was born here on June 28,
1963.
János Dénes Orbán, a poet and writer, was born here on July 4,
1973. He is the president of the Hungarian Writers' League of
Transylvania.
Hungarian actor László Domokos, Attilla Berényi in the
series Barátok közt, was born here on January 26, 1974.
On December
27, 1974, Attila Kovács, Hungarian politician from Transylvania, vice
president of the Brasó County Council, was born here.
Gyárfás Kurkó,
a communist politician and memoirist, died here on May 21, 1983.
Margalit and Rukhama Saron (née Zimmermann Gyöngyi and Lili), the two
wives of Israeli Prime Minister Ariél Sárón, were born here.
Singer
and actress Dalma Kovács was born here on May 18, 1985.