Chadan (Tuv. Chadaana - low bush) is a city (since 1945) in the Tyva Republic of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the Dzun-Khemchik kozhuun and the urban settlement is the city of Chadan.
Etymology
The name is from the Tuvan chadan - "undersized thickets
of bush".
Geography
Located on the Chadan River (the right
tributary of the Khemchik, the Yenisei basin), on the Kyzyl-Teeli
highway (formerly A162), 220 km west of Kyzyl. 6 km west of the city,
the beginning of the Chadan - Khandagayty highway (former A163) adjoins
the A162 motorway.
Climate
The climate is close to moderately
cold. There will be a significant amount of rainfall, even during the
driest months. The average annual temperature in the city is −1.7 ° C.
About 301 mm falls per year.
The least precipitation is in
February, with an average of about 7 mm. Most of the precipitation falls
in July, with an average of about 62 mm.
The warmest month of the
year is July with an average temperature of 18.4 ° C, while the coldest
month is January, with temperatures averaging around -27.6 ° C.
History
In Chadan in 1932, the Motor Transport Office - ATK began to
work. The first 6 cars arrived, then the car park increased from 28 to
103 cars. Ivan Osharov, Nikolai Shoev gave a lot of effort to the
organization of the ATK.
With the advent of agricultural
machinery and machinery, the need for fuel and lubricants increased
every day. And then the question arose of opening an oil depot. The
first director was Andrey Khudonosov, then Malyshev and Maryasov worked.
And Saaya Sandan worked as a watchman, and Salchak M??ge-ool carried
fuel on a horse harness. They went down in the history of the city as
pioneers in the delivery of petroleum products.
There was a club
on Lenin Street, in which there was a library. Maria Stepanovna, head of
the district library, loves and is proud of her city with all her heart.
There are about 4 thousand books in the library fund. Tuvan youth read
few books in Russian, but Maria Stepanovna tried, instilled a love for
Russian books. She actively participated in the campaign for culture in
the city.
Now the city has developed a network of a centralized
library system, where Skorykh Irina Rudolfovna, a German by nationality,
works as a director, a children's library operates, and a city library
for pensioners and the disabled was opened at the Shakhtar GDK. School
libraries also operate at schools.
The children's art school
began to work in 1961. There are 2 branches in the kozhuun sumons.
The Chadan district industrial complex is one of the first
industrial enterprises in the city of Chadan.
Famous people
Mongush Shokar-Chuldum oglu Lopsan-Chimit (1888 - December 31, 1940) -
Tuvan lama and linguist. Created on the basis of the German alphabet
writing for the Tuvan language. Shot in 1940.
Kara-kys
Shugdur-oolovna Mongush is a veteran of the museum business of Tuva,
Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Tuva (2004).
Sainkho
Namchylak (b. 1957) is a Tuvan singer.
Arthas Sanaa (b.1991) -
freestyle wrestler, Asian champion
Opan Sat (b. 1987) - Honored
Master of Sports of Russia (freestyle wrestling), three-time European
champion (2010, 2011, 2013).
Sergei Shoigu (b. 1955) - Minister of
Defense of the Russian Federation.
Larisa Shoigu is a Russian
politician.
Infrastructure
In Chadan there are enterprises of
the food industry, near the city there is mining of coal (Chadan mine).
Every year in July, the city hosts the international festival of
live music and faith "Ustuu-Khuree". The city has a branch of the
Republican Museum of Local Lore. Aldan Maadyr, Buyan Badyrgy Museum.
On July 23, 2012, the re-opening of the Buddhist temple Ustuu-Khuree
took place, which has been restored with the support of the government,
the public and the international festival of live music and faith
"Ustuu-Khuree" since 1999.
Population
The population of the
city is 9519 people (January 1, 2021; 9035 - in 2010; 9454 - in 2002;
10,775 - in 1989; 8985 - in 1979; 7589 - in 1970; 4709 - in 1959).
According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, 98.7% of the
population (8914 people) were Tuvans. 9696 people live in the urban
settlement. A suburban zone is distinguished (the villages of
Khayyrakan, Bazhyn-Alaak and Teve-Khaya), the population of the city
with suburbs is 13,733 people (2018).
Religion
The majority
of believers in Chadan are Buddhists. Orthodoxy in Chadan is practiced
mainly by a small Russian population. The city belongs to the Kyzyl
diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Architecture
In the
northern part of the city, near the republican highway, there is
Aldyy-Khuree (Lower Chadan Buddhist monastery; founded in 1873;
destroyed in the 1930s; rebuilt in 1995–2003). Among other buildings: a
three-story building of secondary school No. 1 (mid-20th century), the
district House of Culture named after Mergen-Kherel Mongush (2011), a
pavilion with a prayer wheel "Mani-Khurtu" (2018).
Monuments were
erected in Chadan: to V.I. Ulyanov, a gymnasium student (1975),
"Chadaan" (1983; authors Kuular Kan-Ool and Darzhaa Mai-Ool), the 70th
anniversary of the Tuva People's Revolution on the People's Shrine
Square (1991), 110- anniversary of the Uprising of 60 Bogatyrs (1993),
the founder of the Tuvan state M. Buyan-Badyrgy (2015).
Education
Secondary vocational education in the city is provided by
the Tuva Technological College (1975 - city vocational school, 1978 -
rural vocational school, 2013 - current status and name).
In
Chadan, there are 5 institutions of preschool education, 4 secondary
schools, a children's art school, and the Sports School of the Olympic
Reserve named after Mongush Chechen-Ool Alekseevich.
There is a
Central Regional Library with rural branches and a children's library.
Museums
The following are open in the city: the Chadan Local
History Museum named after M. Buyan-Badyrgy (founded in 1991 as a folk
museum, since 1992 a branch of the National Museum of the Republic of
Tuva named after Aldan-Maadyr) with expositions on ethnography and
religious history of the region, on the history of Daa kozhuun; Memorial
house-museum of the family of K. S. and A. Ya. Shoigu (2015).
Festivals
The international festival of live music and faith
"Ustuu-Khuree" is held annually. The festival has been held since 1999
with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tyva, the
Tuva State Philharmonic named after V. M. Khalilov and the Tuva
Republican Public Creative Association "Ustuu-Khuree".
Healthcare
Medical care for the population is provided by the
Dzun-Khemchik Inter-Khemchik Medical Center, which includes an adult and
children's polyclinic.
Economy
The population of working age
is 4387 people (47.6% of the city's population). The level of officially
registered unemployment is 3.7%, according to the methodology of the
International Labor Organization - 16.8% (2018).
The basis of the
city's economy is industry (mining, food, building materials) and trade,
but more than 50% of the population is employed in the public sector
(public administration, education, healthcare).
The main industry
is mining. The Chadan coal mine (17 km from the city; development began
in the 1960s; coal; average seam thickness is 7.92 m; balance reserves
are estimated at 10.1 million tons of coal) provides coal to the western
regions of Tyva. The Chadan coal mine is part of the Ulug-Khem coal
basin and belongs to a separate Chadan trough. The development is
carried out by the Tuva Mining Company; all coal mined at the deposit is
consumed within the republic.
The city has food industry
enterprises (production of bread and bakery products, milk processing),
building materials industry (including collapsible dwellings for
shepherds - yurts). Cattle breeding is developed in personal subsidiary
farms of the inhabitants of Chadan.
The service sector is
represented by 1 hotel for 35 beds (2019), small trade enterprises and
the provision of personal services.