The reserve is located in the Ayano-Maisky district of the
Khabarovsk Territory on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, covering
the Dzhugdzhur ridge, which is the watershed of the Pacific and
Arctic oceans. The reserve also includes part of the Sea of Okhotsk
and several islands.
The territory of the reserve can be
described as a mountainous country with a predominance of
alpine-type ridges. The Dzhugdzhur Ridge divides the territory of
the reserve into two completely dissimilar parts. The southeastern
one is a coastal strip, occupied by the spurs of the Dzhugdzhur,
highly mountainous and inaccessible. The backbone (mainland) part is
mainly represented by a section of a mountain plateau, the surface
of which is disturbed by numerous uplifts in the form of individual
mountains and ridges.
The rivers flowing into the Sea of
Okhotsk have the character of mountain streams; on the western
slopes of the Dzhugdzhur ridge they are much calmer. There are two
types of lakes - mountain and valley. Lagoon-type Antykan Lake
serves as a resting place for waterfowl and near-water birds during
spring and autumn migrations.
Protected animals: brown
earflaps, bighorn sheep, sable, elk, musk deer, otter, bearded seal,
ringed seal, piebald seal, lionfish. Birds: Steller's sea eagle,
golden eagle, mountain snipe, wild grouse, long-billed fawn,
red-necked grebe, white-tailed eagle, sharp-tailed sandpiper, fish
owl, peregrine falcon, grey-cheeked grebe, osprey, gyrfalcon, old
man, goshawk, eagle owl, black stork. Fish: Chum salmon, pink
salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon, kunja.
Address:
Khabarovsk Territory, Ayano-Maysky district, Ayan village.
Due to its structure, the territory includes landscapes of the western and eastern macroslopes of the Dzhugdzhur Ridge, which represent the natural complexes of the East Siberian light coniferous taiga (the basin of the Bolshoi Komui River) and the South Okhotsk dark coniferous taiga (the basin of the Lantar River, Aldoma and the Coastal Range), as well as coastal and marine water area of the Sea of Okhotsk. The territory of the reserve consists of 3 sections: The main section - 683512 hectares, incl. marine area 20000 ha, coastal area - 174744 ha, incl. the sea area is 32,000 ha, and the sea area of the Malminsky Islands is 1,700 ha.
The goals of the creation of the state natural reserve
"Dzhugdzhursky" is to preserve and study the natural course of natural
processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual
species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique
ecological systems.
The Dzhugdzhur Nature Reserve was established
in 1990. The creation of the reserve was first proposed at one of the
meetings of the Khabarovsk Regional Executive Committee in 1949 to
protect the bighorn sheep. The first publication about the need to
create a reserve in Okhotsk belongs to A.P. Metelsky. The scientific
substantiation and characteristics of the biogeocenoses of the territory
proposed for a natural protected institution were published in the
journal "Priroda" (1983).
The authors of the article are d.b.s.
Kharkevich S.S., Ph.D. Manko Yu.I., Doctor of Biological Sciences
Vasiliev N.G. and Ph.D. Zhivotchenko V.I. proposed for the reserve a
compact territory of the central part of the Dzhugdzhur and Coastal
ranges within the basins of the Lantar, Aldoma, Ulkan, Chelasin and
Northern Uy rivers with a total area of over 1 million hectares. The
advantage of this project was that the authors considered the
biogeocenoses of land and water areas as functionally interconnected
systems. The coast of the Sea of Okhotsk from Cape Ukoy in the south to
the mouth of the Ulkan River was completely included in the projected
reserve. In addition, the authors gave the first assessment of the state
of the vegetation cover of the territory, cited rare species of plants
and animals, showed the contrast of nature and the richness of this
region.
The buffer zone of the state natural reserve
"Dzhugdzhursky" was approved on the basis of the decision of the
Khabarovsk Territory Executive Committee dated 24.08.1989. No. 258,
Order of the State Committee of the RSFSR on Ecology and Nature
Management dated September 21, 1990. No. 75 by the Decree of the Head of
the Administration of the Khabarovsk Territory dated 07.12.1992 No. No.
572 in accordance with the project developed by the West Siberian Design
and Survey Expedition of the Glavokhota of the RSFSR without limiting
its validity. The protected zone is located around the territory of the
reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" of the Ayano-Maysky district on a total area of
252.5 thousand hectares.
Main dates and events:
1949 - at one
of the meetings of the Khabarovsk regional executive committee, the need
to create a reserve on Dzhugdzhur was first voiced.
1983 - in the
journal "Priroda" No. 4, the article "Create the Dzhugdzhur Reserve", a
scientific justification and characteristics of the biogeocenoses of the
territory proposed for the creation of the reserve were published (the
authors of the article are Doctor of Biological Sciences Kharkevich
S.S., Ph.D. Manko Yu.I., Doctor of Biological Sciences Vasiliev N.G. and
PhD Zhivotchenko V.I.). In this work, the first assessment of the state
of the vegetation cover of the territory was given, rare species of
plants and animals were given, the contrast of nature and the richness
of this region were shown.
1984 (summer) - the beginning of
design work on the organization of the reserve (the executors of the
project are the West Siberian design and survey expedition of the
Glavokhota of the RSFSR). The general scientific management of the
design was carried out by d.b.s. Professor S. S. Kharkevich.
1987-1988 — The West Siberian Design and Survey Expedition of the Chief
Hunting Department of the USSR, on the basis of the comprehensive
research carried out, developed the Project for the organization of the
state reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" of the Khabarovsk Territory.
1988 -
the decision of the Executive Committee of the Ayano-Maisky District
Council of People's Deputies No. 101 of July 29, 1988 "On the
organization of the Dzhugdzhursky State Reserve" was adopted.
1989 - the decision of the Executive Committee of the Khabarovsk
Regional Council of People's Deputies No. 258 dated 08.24.1989 "On the
organization of the Dzhugdzhursky State Reserve" was adopted.
09/10/1990 - the date of the formation of the reserve (based on the
Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 355 dated 09/10/1990
"On the establishment of the Dzhugdzhursky State Reserve of the State
Committee of the RSFSR on Ecology and Nature Management in the
Khabarovsk Territory").
1991 - the beginning of the functioning
of the protected areas.
04/12/1991 - Ten Ho Za was appointed
director of the reserve, who manages the reserve to the present.
11/05/1991 - by order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated
05.11.1991 No. 1155-r "On the expansion of the territory of the state
reserve" Dzhugdzhursky "reserve, it was expanded by including in the
reserve part of the water area of the Sea of Okhotsk with an area of
53.7 thousand hectares. By the same order The fishing collective farm
"Voskhod" is allowed limited economic activity in the water area of the
reserve and the passage of ships through the protected area within
certain periods.
12/07/1992 - on the basis of the decree of the
head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory dated 07.12.1992
No. 572, the protected zone of the state natural reserve "Dzhugdzhursky"
was approved without limiting its validity. The buffer zone is located
around the territory of the reserve on the territory of the Ayano-Maisky
district on a total area of 252.5 thousand hectares.
1993 - the
expedition of the Institute of Water and Environmental Problems of the
Russian Academy of Sciences carried out comprehensive work to assess the
state of the ecosystems of the Dzhugdzhursky Reserve (supervisor -
Doctor of Biological Sciences Schlotgauer S.D.).
09/25/1997 -
Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of the Russian
Federation A.M. Amirkhanov approved the Regulations on the state natural
reserve "Dzhugdzhursky".
2001 - at the expense of a grant from
the Federal Ecological Fund, a building was purchased for the office of
the reserve (Ayan village, 30 years of Pobedy street, 2).
2001 -
2002 - The Global Environment Facility has allocated significant
financial resources to strengthen the material and technical base of the
reserve.
2009 - on the basis of the order of the Ministry of
Natural Resources of Russia dated February 27, 2009 No. 48, the
Dzhugdzhursky State Nature Reserve was renamed the Dzhugdzhursky State
Nature Reserve Federal State Institution.
2011 - on the basis of
the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the
Russian Federation dated May 24, 2011 No. 415, the Federal State
Institution "State Nature Reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" was renamed the
Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Natural Reserve
"Dzhugdzhursky", the Charter of the FGBU "State Reserve" was approved
"Dzhugdzhursky".
2012 - FGBU State Reserve "Dzhugdzhursky"
received a license to carry out activities to extinguish forest fires
dated 06/08/2012. No. 61/2012-DFO.
2013 — Holding the ALL-RUSSIAN
CONFERENCE of heads of state nature reserves and national parks
"Prospects for the development of educational tourism in specially
protected natural areas of federal significance" August 28-30, 2013.
Republic of Khakassia, Sayanogorsk.
2013 - On August 30, the
Resolution of the ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE was issued. Republic of
Khakassia, Sayanogorsk.
2014 — Renaming of state protection
inspectors to state inspectors in the field of environmental protection.
2014 — Appearance of Arbitration practice in cases of administrative
offenses with a positive result in favor of the reserve by 100%.
2014 - No forest fires.
2015 - the 25th anniversary of the
creation of the state natural reserve "Dzhugdzhursky".
2015 -
Holding the All-Russian meeting of the heads of state nature reserves
and national parks "The state, problems and prospects for the
development of the federal system of specially protected natural areas
at the present stage."
2015 - Methodological group under the
Department of State Policy and Regulation in the Sphere of Environmental
Protection, created in accordance with the minutes of the workshop of
August 22, 2011 with the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and
Ecology of the Russian Federation R.R. Gizatulina is coordinating the
structure and content of the Internet site of the state natural reserve
"Dzhugdzhursky".
2015 - The Heraldic Council under the President
of the Russian Federation agrees on the draft emblem of the
Dzhugdzhursky State Nature Reserve.
2016 - the 25th anniversary
of the actual functioning of the state natural reserve "Dzhugdzhursky".
2016 - No forest fires.
2016 — Renaming of the director's
name to Ten Vladimir Sergeevich.
2017 - 100th anniversary of the
Reserve System of Russia.
2018 - No forest fires.
2019 -
Holding the All-Russian Meeting of directors and deputies for security
in Sochi.
2019 - Meeting Ch. accountants in Makhachkala.
2020 - the 30th anniversary of the creation of the state natural reserve
"Dzhugdzhursky".
2020 — Holding the All-Russian Congress of Heads
of Institutions Managing Protected Areas of Federal Importance from
November 15 to November 18 in Zheleznovodsk.
2020 - Order of the
Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated May 21, 2020 No. 291
(registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia No. 59437 dated August
25, 2020) "On approval of the Regulations on the Dzhugdzhursky State
Nature Reserve".
The core of the population is made up of mountain-taiga species
(red-backed vole, East Asian mouse, chipmunk, elk, brown bear, sable,
wolverine, capercaillie, nutcracker, mountain hare), in the mountains
typically arctic (grouse, buzzard), as well as central Asian species
(snow sheep, mountain horse). Various pinnipeds are found in the coastal
waters of the reserve: sea hare, ringed seal, spotted seal.
In
the river valleys, poplars and larches grow with different combinations
of these species, extremely rarely two types of spruce are mixed with
them, then light coniferous forests of larch follow, then thickets of
elfin cedar, which can be replaced by thickets of elfin alder, mountain
lichen tundra and stony placers.
There are pine forests on the
western macroslope of the Dzhugdzhur ridge. The bird fauna of the
Dzhugdzhursky Reserve is formed mainly by representatives of the East
Siberian (Angara) and Okhotsk-Kamchatka (Berengi) fauna and, in part, by
elements of the high-mountain and arctic. The Berengian fauna is most
clearly represented in the areas coastal to the sea.
The Angara
fauna dominates the light-coniferous and mixed taiga, constantly feeding
genetically from its main range through intermountain depressions.
However, many widespread species have their own northeastern and
southeastern boundaries here, which makes us consider this area a kind
of ornithological boundary. The presence of this boundary, on the one
hand, explains the natural quantitative impoverishment of the bird
population, due to a decrease in the abundance of most species at the
boundaries of their ranges, on the other hand, it leads to faunal
enrichment of the area due to the natural mixing of representatives of
various faunas, northern and southern ornithological groups.
Twice a year, following the migration of herring and salmon, along the
coast there are migration routes of the largest representative of the
dolphin family - killer whales, their weight can reach up to 9 tons, and
one group can number from 2 to 40-50 individuals.
The fox is
found in the valleys of large rivers and on the sea coast, especially
often traces of its presence appear on the seashore. The abundance of
food (salmon, birds that died after spawning, sea debris, small rodents)
and the presence of shelters create favorable conditions for this
predator. Traces of the presence of the brown bear are found everywhere,
but the bear's favorite food habitats are the banks of rivers, where it
is attracted by the abundance of easily accessible food - salmon.
In large rivers - Lantar and Aldoma, Dolly Dolly and Kunja are
found. In streams with a slow current, stickleback is added to these
species, and pink salmon also appears in fast springs with a width of
more than 3 m. Pink salmon is the most widespread type of salmon. The
run of pink salmon begins in mid-July, while pink salmon enters even
small springs that flow into the sea. Also one of the most massive
species is chum salmon. Unlike pink salmon, it spawns 10-15 days later
and only in large rivers and their tributaries. Spawning of chum salmon
continues until the end of October. Kunja and Dolly Dolly are common
species, found both in large rivers and in springs.
On the
territory of the reserve, the habitat of the bighorn sheep is mainly
confined to the sea coast with steep cliffs and meadows on the slopes.
Elk, a common species, traces of the presence of an elk are observed
mainly in the valleys of rivers and springs. He avoids the sea coast and
steep slopes. In the harsh climatic conditions of the coastal part of
the reserve, only two species of amphibians found conditions for their
existence - the Far Eastern frog and the Siberian salamander.
The territory is characterized as a mountainous country with a predominance of alpine-type ridges. The main ridge - Dzhugdzhur - runs along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and is a watershed of basin rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk, reaching a height of up to 2000 meters, it divides the territory into two dissimilar parts, coastal and continental. The coastal part has a monsoon climate and the dominant forest-forming species is Dahurian larch and Ayan spruce, the continental part has a sharply continental climate with the dominant forest-forming species - Siberian larch and Siberian spruce.
The climate on the territory of the reserve is heterogeneous in different parts. According to climatic zoning, most of the territory is included in the monsoon-forest climatic and partly in the continental forest East Siberian region. The climate of the coast of the monsoon-forest region is formed under the influence of the cold Sea of Okhotsk, it is moderately continental. This is due to the specific circulation regime of the currents of the Sea of Okhotsk, in which ice is kept throughout the spring and the first half of summer. Cold winds from the sea prevent an increase in air temperature on the coasts, and therefore the transition of the daily air temperature through 5 ° occurs in late May - early June. Summer on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk is not only short, but cold and damp with frequent fogs.
According to the scheme of physical-geographical zoning, the territory of the state natural reserve "Dzhugdzhursky" belongs to the Baikal-Dzhugdzhur region. This physiographic region is a transitional zone between oceanic and continental regions. The morphostructures within it are of different ages and are composed of rocks from the Archean to the Pleistocene. There is a regular rejuvenation of structures in the direction from north to south and from west to east. At the same time, two ancient areas of mountain building are distinguished: in the north - the Siberian platform, in the central part - the Bureya median massif. Due to the diversity and uneven age of the geological structures reflected in the relief, the development of numerous intrusive massifs, and also due to the large dissection of the surface, the orography of the region has a complex pattern.
The hydrographic network of the Dzhugdzhur Reserve is extremely
complex and diverse. The rivers of the ridge part of the reserve carry
water to the Arctic Ocean, and the rivers of the coastal part flow into
the Sea of Okhotsk. The mountainous relief gives the rivers the
character of mountain streams with a rapid fall in water, rocky
channels, many rifts and sharp fluctuations in the water level. During
heavy rains, as well as during spring floods with rapid snow melting,
rivers become turbulent streams, swell, overflow their banks, wash away
river sediments, carry washed-up trees, which in places form large jams.
When cluttered, rivers break new paths, litter old ones, wash away
islands and form new ones. The water level drops very quickly and is
further maintained by groundwater runoff and slow snowmelt in the
mountains.
The rivers of the coastal part, due to the proximity
of the watershed ridge to the coast, are small in length and have the
character of mountain streams with a large height difference. The Aldoma
and Lantar rivers in the lower reaches are passable for motor boats. In
the lower reaches of the floodplains of these rivers are wide, up to 2-3
km, at low tide they form many branches. At high tide, the water level
rises by 3-4 m, and then the rivers seem to be full-flowing, and the
current is calm. Freezing of the rivers is quite late (about
mid-November) at a low water level. In many places, the rivers freeze to
the bottom, forming large icings. In the ridge part of the reserve, the
hydrography is based on the river. Chelasin, Big and Small Komuy.
Compared to the rivers of the coastal part, they are calmer, only during
the flood the current accelerates sharply, the bottom is rocky,
sometimes sandy.
Lakes can be divided into two groups: mountain
lakes - located in small basins (usually of a failure type and small in
size), and valley lakes - located in river floodplains on the first and
second terraces. Of particular note is the lake. Antykan, located on the
territory of the Dzhugdzhursky reserve. The lake stretched along the
coast between the mouth of the river. Ulkan and the Nurki Peninsula at 7
km. Maximum width - 330 m, minimum - 100 m. Distance from the sea coast
- 200-350 m. Fresh water. It is of great importance for the avifauna -
it is one of the main feeding grounds for waterfowl and near-water
birds. The marine area of the reserve with an area of 53.7 thousand
hectares, located in the Sea of Okhotsk, is adjacent to its terrestrial
territory. The Sea of Okhotsk is much colder than other Far Eastern
seas.
In winter, the temperature of the surface water layer can
vary from -1.8 to +2ºС, in summer (August) it rises from +10 to +18ºС.
The air temperature during the cold season in the northern region of the
coast ranges from -14 to -24ºС. Below the surface layer, at a depth of
about 50-150 meters, there is an intermediate cold layer of water, the
temperature of which does not change during the year and is about -1.7
°C. The salinity of surface sea waters is 32.8 - 33.8 ‰. The Sea of
Okhotsk provides a connection between the northern and southern regions
of the Far East, as well as between the Russian mainland, Sakhalin
Island and the Kamchatka Peninsula. Nevertheless, it can in no way be
called favorable for navigation: the cold season here can last up to 220
days, with the onset of winter in the northern part, the sea is covered
with ice.