Kaluga is a city in the Central Federal District
of the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Kaluga
Region.
The city is located on both banks of the Oka River
and on its tributary, the Yachenka River, 160 km from Moscow.
In the city, from 1892 to 1935, the outstanding inventor,
cosmonautics theorist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky lived and
worked. Since 1967, the Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of
Cosmonautics has been open to visitors - the world's first and
largest space museum in Russia, created with the direct
participation of Sergei Korolev and Yuri Gagarin.
Kaluga is a
city with a developed infrastructure, a major transport hub, one of
the scientific, cultural, economic and spiritual centers of Russia.
Mechanical engineering and automotive industry are actively
developed. The city is one of the historical centers of Russia,
where a large number of architectural monuments have been preserved.
Kaluga is among the top three in cleanliness and livability
among the cities of the Russian Federation, which are the
administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian
Federation and with a population of 100 to 500 thousand people.
1 Vostok launch vehicle. On June 21, 1973, a real rocket
(duplicate) Vostok, 38 meters in size, was installed in the park
named after. K.E. Tsiolkovsky near the Cosmonautics Museum.
2 Stone bridge (Stone bridge across the Berezuisky ravine) ,
Pushkin street. Monument of architecture and urban planning,
cultural heritage of Russia. The stone viaduct was built in 1777
under the governorship of the Kaluga governorship Mikhail
Krechetnikov, according to the project of the famous architect Pyotr
Nikitin in the style of Russian classicism. The length of the
structure is about 160 meters, the height is about 20 meters. The
bridge rests on 15 large stone arches, three central arches are made
in 2 floors. After the construction was completed, 28 trading stone
shops were built near the bridge. The ravine through which the stone
bridge passes is fortified with plantings by order of Governor
Smirnov. Berezuyka stream flows along the bottom of the ravine. In
1910, the roadbed was filled with reinforced concrete.
3 Gostiny
Dvor (Gostiny Ryads), st. Lenin - Stary Torg Square - Gostiny
Ryadsky Lane - Karpova Street (Passage by public transport to the
stop "Stary Torg Square".). One of the unique architectural
ensembles of Kaluga where elements of ancient Russian architecture
are used. Gostiny Dvor appeared in Kaluga at the end of the 18th
century. This is one of the main attractions of the city. N.V. liked
to visit the bookstore located in Gostiny Dvor. Gogol, when he lived
in Kaluga, and in June 1961, on the square near Gostiny Dvor, Kaluga
residents met the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Gagarin.
4
Church of Cosmas and Damian, st. Suvorov, 177/16. An architectural
monument in the Baroque style, built in 1794. At the corners of a
slender two-tier tetrahedron, four strongly protruding exedras are
placed, passing higher into round turrets - drums of side domes. The
apse of the church protrudes strongly forward. A five-tiered bell
tower adjoins the refectory. The bell tower stood at first
separately from the temple, but recently it was connected to it by a
porch.
5 Monument to the Fallen in Local Conflicts, pl. Victory.
The monument designed by the architect Evgeny Golyshev was made in
St. Petersburg. Part of the funds for the creation of the monument
was donated by the participants in the hostilities themselves. It
represents the figure of a paratrooper in front of a marble arch.
Nearby are three snow-white slabs with carved figures of cranes. The
lists of 197 names of internationalist heroes who were called up
from the Kaluga region, as well as the names of the dead soldiers
whose families live in Kaluga, are carved on slabs of artificial
granite.
6 Monument to K.E. Tsiolkovsky "Man with a Bicycle",
st. Teatralnaya, 9. According to the memoirs of contemporaries,
"Tsiolkovsky rode a bicycle from the beginning of spring until the
snow." Seeing him on this transport was familiar. Author of the
work: sculptor Svetlana Farnieva. A mandatory requirement when
creating a sculpture was its anti-vandalism. The smallest details -
the pedals and the chain were not made of bronze. They were taken
off an ordinary bicycle, installed here and covered with paint. The
wheels were also protected from the inside. Therefore, the bronze
inventor can calmly watch the sky without fear that his transport
will be taken apart.
7 Monument to the theatrical spectator,
Theater Square. The sculpture represents a girl holding a sign with
an inscription that reads: “Is there an extra ticket?”. Local
residents and guests of the city collected more than 515,000 rubles
for the installation of the monument. It is considered the world's
first monument dedicated to the theatrical audience.
8
Teatralnaya street.
9 Ensemble of Public Places.
10 Noble
Assembly.
11 Chambers of Merchant Korobov.
12 Makarov Chamber.
13 Monument to the 600th anniversary of Kaluga.
14 Monument to
Yuri Gagarin.
15 Church of the Baptist.
Museums
1 State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics named after
K. E. Tsiolkovsky (Museum of Cosmonautics) Wikidata Element ,
Akademika Koroleva Street, 2 (m/t1 and tb. 1 to the stop “Park
Tsiolkovsky”, m/t29,31 to the stop “6th school "). ✉ ☎ +7 (4842)
70-50-25. 10:00 - 18:00 (Tue, Thu, Fri, Sun), 11:00 - 21:00 (Wed), 10:00
- 19:00 (Sat). 150₽. The first in the world and the largest in Russia
space museum, created with the direct participation of S. P. Korolev and
Yu. A. Gagarin. The museum has a modern planetarium and a cafe.
2
House-Museum of K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Tsiolkovsky street, 79. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842)
74-61-80. 150₽.
3 House-Museum of A.L. Chizhevsky, Moskovskaya
street, 62. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 56-11-39, +7 (4842) 72-32-95. 150₽.
4
Kaluga Regional Museum of Local Lore (Local History Museum), st.
Pushkin, 14. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 72-16-18, fax: 72-16-32. 09:30 - 17:00.
Tickets from 50₽. On Saturday, the museum is open from 11.00 to 19.00,
ticket office until 18.30. Day off: Monday. Sanitary Day: Last Friday of
every month.
5 Kaluga Museum of Fine Arts (Art Museum) , Lenina
Street, 104 ( tb. 1.2 to the bus stop "City Administration"). ✉ ☎ +7
(4842) 56-28-30. 10:00 - 18:00, Day off: Monday. Last Friday of the
month: sanitary day. Tickets from 50₽. The Kaluga Museum of Fine Arts is
one of the leading state cultural institutions in the Kaluga region.
6 Museum of Craft, Architecture and Life (Museum of Crafts), st.
Kirova, 45/16 ( tb. 1,2,3,7,13 and avt. 4 to the stop "Cinema
"Central"). ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 56-13-54. 10:00 - 17:00. 0₽. Collection of
medieval copper coins of the 15th-16th centuries, steelyards of the
18th-20th centuries, ceramics of the Kaluga region of the 7th-20th
centuries, clay toys of Kaluga, salaries of Russian icons of the
19th-20th centuries.
7 Museum of Puppets "Bereginya" (Museum of
Puppets in Kozlovo), Kaluga, village of Kozlovo, 1. ☎ +7 (910)
912-50-72.. 10:00-18:00. From 100₽. The museum presents a unique
collection of traditional Russian dolls, numbering more than 2,000
pieces. The curator of the museum, Rimma Yakovlevna Tarasova, is a folk
master of Russia. Pre-registration for the tour is required! The Church
of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God is located 500 meters to the
southeast of the museum. There are no direct buses to the museum, but
you can get to the village of Kurovskoye and walk to the estate on foot.
Theaters
8 Kaluga Regional Drama Theater (Drama Theatre) ,
Theater Square, 1. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 57-42-57. Tickets from 350₽. One of the
oldest operating drama theaters in Russia. Founded in 1777.
9 Kaluga
Regional Theater for Young Spectators (TYUZ) , Teatralnaya street, 36. ✉
☎ +7 (4842) 57-83-52. Tickets from 200₽. The history of the Kaluga Youth
Theater begins in 1964, when the actors of the Kaluga Drama Theater and
enthusiasts created a theater troupe in Kaluga under the leadership of
the Honored Artist of the RSFSR Volskaya L.V. and Tsvetkov V.M.
10 Kaluga Puppet Theater (Puppet Theatre) , st. Kirova, 31 (entrance
through the foyer of the cinema Central) ( tb. 1,2,3,7,13 and avt. 4 to
the stop "Cinema" Central "or" Dom Byta.). ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 56-39-47.
Tuesday - Friday - from 13:00 to 17:30, Saturday - Sunday - from 10:00
to 14:00. Day off - Monday.. Tickets from 200₽. Sweet Puppet Show.
There are many versions about the origin of the city's name. At the
end of the 18th century, Academician V.F. Zuev, who located the ancient
Kaluga, suggested that its name comes from the name near the flowing
river Kaluzhka: “It got its name from the Kaluzhka River, where it stood
before, that is, at its mouth, where the now revealed image is.”
The same opinion was shared by the Kaluga archaeologist, chairman of the
Kaluga Scientific Archival Commission Ivan Chetyrkin, who believed that
the name of the river comes from the Russian words kalyuzha, kalyuzhin,
which means "bog" or "bog".
According to the Explanatory
Dictionary of V. Dahl, the word kaluga in Tver and Kostroma was called
“swamp, swamp, nasolody”, in Kaluga and Tula - “peninsula, otok,
kalach”, and in other regions of Russia - “floodplain, floodplain
meadow, vyr, reap ".
In the Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and
Russian Language, compiled by the Second Department of the Imperial
Academy of Sciences, the word kaluga is explained as "a dirty place,
swamp (swamp), bog"; from this word comes kaluga, which means: “stagnant
water, mud, mud”, kaluzhana, which has the same meaning as “kaluga”, and
finally, marsh marsh grass, known by the Latin name “Caltha palustris”.
The etymological dictionary of M. Fasmer also interprets the word
kaluga as “swamp, swamp” and finds parallels to it in other Slavic
languages: Ukrainian kaluzha, kalyuga “puddle, mud”, Serbo-Croatian
kaљuga, kazhuzha “puddle”, Slovenian kaluza, Czech kaluze “ puddle",
Slovak kaluza.
This etymology is also supported by the fact that
the Luzha River flowing north of Kaluga was often called Koluga in
medieval sources, so that the Kaluzhka and Luzha rivers originally had
the same name; the city of Maloyaroslavets, standing on the river.
Puddle, formerly called Puddle.
Another popular version derives
the city's name from the Slavic word kolo meaning circle. In 1804, the
editor of the Kaluga journal Urania, G.K. Zelnitsky, wrote: “The word
‘kolo’, shortened from ‘about’, joins many words with us, near the mane
of the sovereign's horse ..., and in some other words there is a similar
reduction and a combination of the adverb "about" with nouns. On this
basis, the word “Kaluga” will contain “near” and “meadows” or “puddle”,
and in complexity it will mean a place near a meadow or puddle. This
conjecture in our time was developed by local historian Demushkin,
combining the words “kolo”, which meant the district, parish, and
“south”, so that the name of the city could mean “parish near the
south”.
Along with these, there are enough other versions
explaining the name of the city. Some authors derived it from the Old
Slavonic word haluga, meaning "wattle fence, hedge, fence, a place
enclosed by a fence" [5], from the Old Russian kalyg - "fence, fence,
street", from the Finno-Ugric khalig - "deaf place in the forest" , from
the Turkic kalygan - “ledge, elevation”, from the Khazar khologist - a
gathering or gathering of thieves, etc. Kaluga local historian D. I.
Malinin suggested that the name of the city comes from the name of the
Kaluga fish that lives in Siberian rivers, and means “ fish river. Some
etymologies are based on folk legends. So, there is a legend that the
name of the city comes from the name of the robber Koluga, who allegedly
lived with his gang in the local forests. Another folk etymology derives
the name from the phrase "Oka-meadow" (Kashira - Oka-wide, Kolomna -
Oka-broken, Kaluga - Oka-luga). The version about a certain “Khan Uga”
belongs to the same series, as if at the foundation of the city he drove
a stake (kolUga) into the ground.
Until now, the cause and date of the emergence of the city of
Kaluga remains the subject of controversy among scientists and
researchers. The official date of foundation of the city is 1371,
the year of the first mention of Kaluga in written sources that have
come down to our times. Until 1371, the city already existed for
some, yet unknown, period of time. Even the first historians of the
city of Kaluga noted that the city is much older than its official
age. This is confirmed by the data of archaeological surveys in the
places of ancient settlements on the territory of modern Kaluga. In
2021, Kaluga celebrated its 650th anniversary.
There were
three medieval settlements on the territory of the city: one was at
the mouth of the Kaluzhka River, at its confluence with the Oka, the
other was upstream of the Kaluzhka, in the vicinity of the village
of Zhdamirova, and the third, known as Semyonovo settlement, was on
the banks of the Yachenka River. The first excavations at the
settlement at the mouth of the Kaluzhka were carried out at the end
of the 19th century. archaeologist I. D. Chetyrkin, who discovered
on it traces of a fire and the remains of pottery. Subsequent
excavations have shown that two settlements on Kaluzhka have existed
since ancient times.
The oldest historian of Kaluga,
academician V.F. Zuev, who lived in the 18th century, wrote down a
legend according to which Kaluga was transferred to a new place
three times, and he also considered the settlement at the mouth of
Kaluzhka to be the first place.
In the XIII-XIV centuries,
the Kaluga lands were part of one of the Verkhovsky principalities,
Novosilsky or Tarussky. From the middle of the XIV century, Kaluga
became the object of the struggle between the Moscow and Lithuanian
princes. Kaluga local historians and independent researchers of the
history of the Kaluga region put forward a version about the
emergence of Kaluga as a Tatar-Mongolian administrative and tax
center during the formation of the Basques in Rus', however, this
hypothesis has not yet been reflected in authoritative and
recognized by the scientific community sources.
In 1371, the
borders of the Moscow principality came close to the territory of
modern Kaluga. Historian V. N. Temushev noted: “The Koluga Volost,
which occupied the space around the Kaluzhka River, was acquired by
the Moscow princes from the Tarusa or Novosilsky princes.” The
Lithuanian princes believed that Kaluga was unfairly "taken from
them by Moscow." The first written mention of Kaluga is connected
with this, which is contained in a letter of the Lithuanian prince
Olgerd to the Patriarch of Constantinople Philotheus, dated 1371.
The next mention of Kaluga is contained in the so-called
spiritual letter of Dmitry Donskoy (1389), in which he bequeaths the
cities of "Koluga and Grove" to his son Andrei in the Mozhaisk
principality.
Since that time, Kaluga has been invariably
mentioned in the sources as the possession of the Moscow princes and
their heirs. During the reign of Ivan III, the city was directly
subordinate to the Moscow prince, who, according to S. Herberstein,
kept a regular army in it against the raids of the Tatars. The
development of the city during this period is connected with its
strategic position as a border fortress on the borders of the
Muscovite state. Kaluga was the center of vast possessions, the
first and last ruler of which was Prince Semyon Ivanovich of Kaluga.
Semyon Ivanovich chose Kaluga as the capital of his patrimony, and
his princely palace, according to legend, was located on the banks
of the river. Yachenki, where Semyonovo settlement is now located.
In 1601-1603, Kaluga experienced the Great Famine, which
engulfed most of the European territory of the Russian kingdom
during the reign of Boris Godunov. A significant part of the
population rushed to the sparsely populated southern and eastern
regions of the country - the lower reaches of the Don, Volga, Yaik
and Siberia.
Kaluga played a prominent role in the events of
the Time of Troubles. The military character of the city left its
mark on its inhabitants, who were little inclined to civil order and
a quiet life. Therefore, already with the advent of the first
impostor, Kaluga was among the first cities to take his side.
After the death of False Dmitry I in 1606, the city welcomed
into its walls the detachments of Ivan Bolotnikov, who brought with
him more than ten thousand rebels. He was supported by the Terek
Cossacks and a new impostor - Tsarevich False Peter. Bolotnikov
fortified the city and several times successfully repulsed the
advances of the Moscow governors; in the winter of 1606-1607,
Kaluga, under his leadership, withstood a four-month siege.
With the advent of False Dmitry II, Kaluga was one of the first
cities to recognize him as their sovereign and later served him
faithfully. In December 1610 (according to some sources - in January
1611), the son of False Dmitry II and Marina Mnishek, Ivan
Dmitrievich, was born in Kaluga, nicknamed "Raven", who later
appeared as a pretender to the royal throne.
In 1611, Kaluga
was taken by the Polish invaders and was in the rear of the
invaders. Only in 1612 the city was liberated, and for several more
years it was in the center of hostilities. In 1615-1616, Kaluga was
attacked by the Crimean Tatars, which caused great damage. The
following year, the city was besieged by troops of the Polish prince
Vladislav IV. The defense of Kaluga was led by Prince Pozharsky. A
year later, Kaluga was ravaged by the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks and the
troops of Hetman Sagaidachny.
In the second half of the 17th
century, metal production began to develop in Kaluga. One of the
first iron foundries in Russia appears in the city.
In the
18th century, Kaluga became a provincial center. Under Peter I, a
school was opened in the city "for teaching clerks and clerks'
children and other ranks of tsyfiri and geometry."
During the
years 1723-1737, Kaluga became depopulated due to famine. The city
burned down almost to the ground in 1742, 1754, 1756, 1760 and 1761.
December 15, 1775 Empress Catherine II visits Kaluga. The
Empress arrived accompanied by Metropolitan Platon and a brilliant
retinue. By her arrival in the city, the Triumphal Gates were built
by the local merchants (dismantled in 1935). In memory of this
visit, two medals were minted, one of which depicts the queen in a
Kaluga dress.
In 1776, Kaluga became the center of the
Kaluga viceroy. The first governor of Kaluga was the former governor
of Tver, General-in-Chief, Count MN Krechetnikov, who chose the city
as his residence. At that time, 17 thousand inhabitants lived in
Kaluga, and in total in the Kaluga governorate - 733 thousand
inhabitants of both sexes.
On January 19, 1777, the Kaluga
Drama Theater opens its first theatrical season, created with the
direct participation of the Governor-General.
By the end of
the 18th century, 120 small enterprises operated in the city,
including 11 brick, 10 tiled and 3 sailing enterprises. The city was
also famous for handicrafts made of wood, embroidery and lace.
On October 31, 1796, by the Decree of Paul I, the Kaluga
governorate was transformed into the Kaluga province.
Kaluga
played an important role in the Patriotic War of 1812, becoming the
largest rear base of Russian troops. Here, an armed militia was
formed for the army in the field, fodder and food were procured, and
funds were collected. The city of Kaluga received a personal
gratitude from Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov.
From 1823 to
January 8, 1831, Kaluga and the province were part of the Belarusian
General Government.
Since the middle of the 19th century, the
city has experienced an economic decline, which was mainly caused by
two reasons: the shallowing of the Oka and the development of
railway transport. The Oka in the upper reaches ceased to be
navigable and trade along it practically ceased. At the same time,
the construction of railways led to the emergence of new shopping
centers, with which Kaluga could no longer compete. The turnover of
Kaluga merchants began to fall, and the city treasury began to
empty.
By the end of the 19th century, Kaluga turned into a
quiet provincial town. The last Crimean khan Shakhin Gerai (since
1786), the Kazakh khan of the Younger Zhuz Aryngazy Abulgaziev (in
1823-1833), the daughter of the Georgian king Tekla Irakliyevna with
her sons Vakhtang and Dmitry Orbeliani, who were exiled for
participating in the noble conspiracy of 1832, were exiled here ,
and the third imam of Chechnya and Dagestan, Shamil (in 1859-1868),
who surrendered to the Russian authorities after the defeat in the
Caucasian War.
With the outbreak of the First World War,
Kaluga became a major rear and military hospital center of the
warring empire, the final evacuation point "Moscow 1st" (the
direction of sanitary evacuation Moscow-Kaluga). The outbreak of
hostilities on the Eastern Front was marked by mass exodus. The city
of Kaluga and the region, having found themselves inside the refugee
stream, jointly organized assistance to those who were traveling
through their territory and accepted tens of thousands of refugees
from the western provinces. In Kaluga, in the 189th reserve infantry
battalion, in 1915, a native of Kaluga land, Marshal of the Soviet
Union, Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich, began his career as a
commander.
The First World War was a difficult test for
Kaluga and its inhabitants, bringing changes to all spheres of life.
Kaluga, like the entire Russian province, provided the army with the
necessary human, food, material and technical resources in the
context of the growing economic crisis generated by the war.
After October 1917, the process of establishing Soviet power in
Kaluga was difficult, as moderate socialist parties actively
manifested themselves in the city.
The "power of the Soviets"
in the city was established by force of arms on November 28
(December 11), 1917, with the help of revolutionary detachments from
Moscow.
After the end of the Civil War, the Soviet
authorities “took a course” for the development of industrial
cities, thanks to which a new stage began in the development of
Kaluga. Factories and factories were resurrected. Mechanical
engineering developed actively. Kaluga is again becoming a major
industrial center.
By the middle of the 20th century, the
city's population had grown to 100,000 people. Kaluga was one of the
places of political exile in the Soviet years.
So, in 1928,
prominent Bolshevik figures, opponents of Stalin in the inner-party
struggle, G. E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev, were exiled in the city
for several months.
Since 1937, Kaluga has been a city of
regional subordination, the center of the Kaluga region, as part of
the newly formed Tula region.
From the first days of the
Great Patriotic War, the entire life of the city was subject to the
requirements of wartime. Mobilization began on the territory of
Kaluga. Plants and factories were setting up the production of
military products, and the collective farms were fighting for the
harvest. The population collected money and things for the needs of
the army. The Stakhanov movement was organized at enterprises and
collective farms, and socialist competitions were held.
During the Battle of Moscow, after stubborn fighting on the
outskirts of the city, the units of the 5th Guards Rifle Division
defending Kaluga were forced to retreat. On October 12, 1941, units
of the XIII Army Corps of the Wehrmacht entered the city. The Jews
of the city were driven into the ghetto by the Nazis. For Soviet
prisoners of war and the civilian population, the military
administration of the troops of Nazi Germany arranged a collection
and transit point for the 127th Dulag, where a large number of
soldiers and commanders of the Red Army died.
The German
occupation lasted from October 12 to December 30, 1941, when the
city was completely liberated by the Red Army. During the retreat,
the occupiers destroyed 196 houses, leaving more than 850 families
homeless, burned the theater on Sennaya Square (currently called the
Peace Square).
With the formation of the Kaluga region on
July 5, 1944, the city of Kaluga becomes its administrative center.
At present, Kaluga is a city with a developed infrastructure, a
major transport hub, one of the scientific, cultural, economic and
spiritual centers of the Central Federal District of Russia.
Mechanical engineering and automotive industry are actively
developed. The city is one of the historical centers of Russia,
where many architectural monuments have been preserved. Kaluga was
three times in the top three in terms of cleanliness and livability
among the cities of Russia, which are the administrative centers of
the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and with a
population of 100 to 500 thousand people: 1st place in 2002, 3rd
place in 2003, 1st place in the competition held in 2012.
In
2009, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation minted a
commemorative non-precious 10-ruble coin dedicated to Kaluga from
the Ancient Cities of Russia series.
Starting from May 9,
2013, the inhabitants of Kaluga annually take part in the Immortal
Regiment civil campaign dedicated to the feat of Soviet citizens who
liberated our country from Nazi invaders.
The route of the
Olympic Torch Relay of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi passed
through Kaluga. The relay started on October 7, 2013 in Moscow and
ended on the opening day of the Olympics on February 7, 2014. The
Olympic flame arrived in Kaluga on October 13, 2013 from the city of
Yukhnov, Kaluga Region. From Kaluga, the Olympic flame went to the
Yasnaya Polyana estate in the Shchekino district of the Tula region
and further along the route of the Olympic torch relay of the 2014
Winter Olympics.
On April 19, 2016, it became known that
Kaluga was included in the list of cities included in the Golden
Ring.
Celebrations within the framework of the project
"Kaluga - New Year's Capital of Russia 2021" were held in the city
from December 12 to January 9. The crystal snowflake, its symbol,
was adopted on January 7, 2020 near Ryazan.
For the upcoming
650th anniversary of Kaluga, the Central Bank of Russia issued
exclusive silver coins with a face value of 3 rubles, which entered
circulation on July 14, 2021. The coin contains 31.1 grams of 925
silver, and the diameter of the circle is 39 mm. The front side
shows the coat of arms of the Russian Federation and the designation
of the metal according to the periodic table. On the reverse side
there is a relief image of the building of the State Museum of the
History of Cosmonautics. K. E. Tsiolkovsky against the background of
images of the panorama of the city of Kaluga and the starry sky;
there are inscriptions, at the top along the edging: "KALUGA", at
the bottom: "650 YEARS".
On August 5, 2021, a solemn special
cancellation of the Kaluga 650 years postage stamp, which was
dedicated to the anniversary of the city, took place in Kaluga. The
event was held at the post office "Post of Russia" on Stary Torg
Square. The stamp itself depicts the State Museum of the History of
Cosmonautics named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, the monument to
Tsiolkovsky, as well as the Stone Bridge, the Kaluga
instrument-making plant "Typhoon" and the panorama of the city. The
face value of the stamp is 50 rubles, the circulation is 135,000
copies. The stamp was extinguished with two seals. One of them
depicts the Museum of Cosmonautics, and it could only be placed on
the day of cancellation. And the second will extinguish all
holidays. It depicts the Gostiny Ryads and the Vostok rocket, as
well as the date, which will change daily.
By plane
In Kaluga and in the opposite direction, you can fly
(fly) to / from the International Airport "Kaluga" named after. K.
E. Tsiolkovsky by regular flights of the companies: Azimut, RusLine,
S7 Airlines, from the cities: Moscow, Mineralnye Vody, St.
Petersburg, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Kazan, etc. (see flight
schedule).
Kaluga International Airport
(IATA:KLF) , Grabtsevskoe shosse, 79 (bus 4 to Airport stop). ✉ ☎ +7
(4842) 77-00-77. 05.00 - 15.00 UTC.
By train
From Moscow
from the Kievsky railway station 3, 4, 5 st. metro station
"Kievskaya" on the suburban electric train "Moscow - Kaluga-1"
(travel time more than 3 hours) or express train to "Kaluga-1"
(travel time about 2.5 hours) or by long-distance trains transiting
through railway railway stations "Kaluga-1" and "Kaluga-2".
From
St. Petersburg from the Moscow railway station 1
(Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya) line pl. Vosstaniya, 3
(Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya) line Mayakovskaya by train No. 139 (St.
Petersburg-Bryansk), to the station "Kaluga-2".
From Tula from
the Moscow railway station, by interregional rail buses:
(Tula-Kaluga), (Uzlovaya - Kaluga) to the station. "Kaluga-1"
From Vyazma from the railway station on interregional rail buses
(Vyazma-Iznoski-Kaluga) with a transfer to the station. Wear to Art.
"Kaluga-1".
From Bryansk from the station Bryansk-Orlovsky by
train "Day Express" 738A or trains No. 107, 122, 741, etc. (Bryansk
- Moscow) to the station. "Kaluga-2". (See timetable)
From
Novozybkov from the railway station by train number 132
(Novozybkov-Moscow) to the station. "Kaluga-2".
From Klimovo from
the railway station st. Klimov by train number 086 (Klimov-Moscow)
to the station. "Kaluga-2".
"Kaluga-1" (Vokzal Kaluga-1),
Vokzalnaya Square, 3 ). ☎ +7 (800) 775-00-00. 00:00-24:00. 100₽.
Railway station of the Moscow Railway on the chord line Vyazma -
Syzran in the city of Kaluga. It has the status of a district
station, and is assigned to class I in terms of the volume of work.
The railway station station "Kaluga-1" is part of the Moscow
Regional Directorate of the Directorate of Railway Stations. The
station is located north of the city center. The main course of the
line in this place makes a loop, going deep into the city.
"Kaluga-2" (Station "Kaluga-2"), Kaluga-2. st. Privokzalnaya
(Transfer to: aut. 20, 30). ☎ +7 (800) 775-00-00. 00:00-24:00.
100₽. Railway station of the Moscow Railway on the line Tikhonov
Pustyn - Sukhinichi, railway station, in the urban district of
Kaluga. Secondary station (main station - "Kaluga-1"). Due to its
remoteness from the main part of the city, it is not popular with
passengers, although the bus takes only 15-20 minutes to reach it.
The station is located in the village of railway workers, located
about 11 km from the main part of the city. The station was opened
on May 26, 1959 on the site of the former Sergiev Skit station.
By bus
From Moscow: from bus stations near the metro
stations: 6 Tyoply Stan, 3 Shchelkovskaya, or from bus stations
near the metro 3, 4, 5 Kyiv, 1 South-West. Buses to Kaluga leave
every hour (several runs per hour). The line operates daily from
05:00 to 22:00 depending on the departure point in Moscow (See the
schedule at the departure points).
The city has a direct bus
connection with the cities: Moscow, Kozelsk, Lyudinovo, Kirov
(Kaluga region), Bryansk, Tula, Aleksin, Bogoroditsk, Venev, Dubna,
Oryol, Smolensk, Plavsk, Suvorov, Yasnogorsk, etc. (see route
updates and timetables on the website of the bus station). The cost
of the service for selling return tickets at the box office of the
Kaluga bus station is from 25 ₽ for each ticket.
Bus station
"Kaluga", Vokzalnaya square, 3 (area of the railway station station
Kaluga-1) ( tb. 1, 12, m/t1, 12, 29, 31, 45, 76, 83). ☎ +7 (4842)
78-36-78. 04:30-22:00. Order tickets by phone 78-36-86, 78-36-99
from 9:00 to 18:00. The cost of booking a ticket by phone is 60
rubles. for each ticket. Additional point for the sale of tickets
for suburban and intercity buses on Gagarin Street, 5.
By car
From any city on the highways M3 (distance from Moscow ~ 170
kilometers) or A130.
Municipal trolleybus, bus, and fixed-route taxi: single fare (fare 2022) - 25 ₽. Passenger and cargo taxis can be easily ordered at any time. The city has a large number of services that transport passengers and goods. Prices from 50₽.
Trade complex XXI (Kaluga XXI Century), st. Kirov, 1. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 79-02-00. from 10 ₽. The complex has two cinemas, a cafe, a restaurant, ticket offices for the sale of air and railway tickets, workshops for minor repairs, etc.
Average cost
1 Grill-bar "Wings" , st. Kirova, 39 Shopping
center "European", 4th floor. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 75-04-94. Friday - Saturday
11:00 - 02:00, Sunday - Thursday 11:00 - 24:00. On average 280 ₽.
Cuisines: beer, European, Russian. Grill menu, children's menu, cocktail
card. 2 halls, 240 seats. Children's play corner. Free WiFi. Business
lunch: 11:00 - 16:00.
2 "La Grillade" restaurant, st. Academician
Koroleva, 16. ✉ ☎ 00 61 +7 (4842) 41 00 61. Monday-Sunday 11:00-24:00.
from 390₽. European cuisine with Asian touches. Business lunches from
Monday to Friday from 12.00 to 15.00 (except official holidays).
Club culture in its modern sense began to emerge in Kaluga at the
very beginning of the 1990s. At present, the club and entertainment life
of the city is represented by a large number of establishments of
various directions, and various in size: from large clubs to small
themed apartments.
Entertainment center "B-45" ("B-45") , st.
Kirov, 43 building 1 (Face control). ☎ +7 (4842) 56-51-42. 09:00-05:00.
From 100₽. Restaurant, banquet and conference hall, karaoke bar, sports
bar, two dance floors (up to 200 people), entertainment for children and
adults: bowling, billiards, slot machines, children's corner,
bookmaker's office. Business lunches on the 3rd floor from 12:00 to
16:00. There is a delivery service to anywhere in the city. Kitchen to
order: preparation and delivery of dishes +7 905 641 36-94 (kitchen).
1 Kaluga Plaza Hotel , 2nd Tulsky Lane, 1. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 77-71-10.
From 2550₽. Conference hall. Bath complex. Free Wi-Fi is available in
every room and throughout the hotel complex. ATM. Transfer. Laundry.
Restaurant.
2 Kaluga Hotel, Kirov Street, 1. ✉ ☎ +7 (800) 700-16-70.
From 2600₽. Located in the central area of the city close to attractions
and business centers. The hotel building is located on Peace Square,
where you can see the monument to Tsiolkovsky, and opposite the hotel -
the Arbitration Court and the House of Music. Visa support. Shopping and
entertainment complex, restaurant, bars, internet in rooms, mini-bars,
elevator, and more.
3 Suhl Hotel, Gogol Street, 2. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842)
212-010. From 1000₽. Each hotel room has a balcony, refrigerator, shower
or bath, free Wi-Fi. A two-minute walk is the Museum of the History of
Cosmonautics and a park with life-size rocket models.
4 Hotel
complex "Donjon", Semyonovo settlement street, 6. ☎ +7 (4842) 56-57-56.
From 1500₽.
5 Pribrezhnaya Hotel , 2nd Berendyakovskiy lane,
building 1, building A. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 22-09-37. From 1500₽. The hotel
has 10 rooms: one Standard room, two Superior rooms, four Junior Suites,
two Suites and one Apartment room.
6 Prichal Hotel, Vorobyovskaya
street, 24. ✉ ☎ +7 (4842) 75-62-62, prichal-hotel. From 3000₽. In the
rooms: TV, refrigerator with mini-bar, bathrooms with a set of
accessories and cosmetics for the bathroom. The room rate includes a
continental breakfast.
The main share of the market for local wired telephone communications
and broadband Internet access belongs to Rostelecom.
Cellular
operators are represented by the following companies: MTS, MegaFon,
Beeline, Tele2, Rostelecom, Yota and Tinkoff Mobile.
More than a
dozen companies provide Internet access. In addition to wireline
telephone and cellular operators, these include TTK, Maxnet, HiNet,
Yarnet and others.
Free Wi-Fi hot spots operate in many shopping
centers, educational institutions, squares and public transport. TTK
also provides Internet access through the public power grid.
It is not recommended to walk along the outskirts of Kaluga late in the evening or at night, in some areas of the city you can "look for problems and troubles."
1 Tikhonova Pustyn, p. Named after Leo Tolstoy (4 km from the Kyiv
highway. Numerous buses go there from Kaluga (to Tovarkovo, Kondrovo,
Medyn, Palaces), about 30 minutes on the way). Large monastery 20 km
from Kaluga. It was founded in the 15th century, but most of the
buildings date back to the late 19th - early 20th centuries, including
the pompous Assumption Cathedral with a bell tower.
2
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Vorotynsky Monastery, p. Spas (by train to the
platform 188 km, from there 1.5 km on foot or by bus to the Ugra stop,
from there 2 km on foot). A small monastery founded at the turn of the
XV-XVI centuries. There are two hipped churches of the 16th century in
the ensemble of the monastery. - one of the oldest in the Kaluga region.
3 Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God (Temple of the Tikhvin
Icon in Kozlovo), p. Kozlovo.. 08:30-22:00 (except church holidays and
services). Temple with six domes, a monument of architecture and urban
planning, erected in stone in 1886. In 2012, not far from the church, a
spring was found and consecrated in honor of the Hieromartyr Kuksha, the
enlightener of the Vyatichi people. A particle of his relics was also
brought from Kyiv, which is located in the temple. The patronal feast of
the temple falls on June 26 (July 9) - the celebration of the Tikhvin
Icon of the Mother of God.
4 Museum-diorama "Great Standing on the
Ugra", p. Palaces (3 km from the Tikhonov Desert. From Kaluga 6 buses a
day, about 30 minutes on the way). 500 r. per person, if there are less
than 10 people in the group. Museum-diorama dedicated to "standing on
the Ugra" in 1480. Opened at the Vladimir Skete of Tikhonov's Hermitage
on the banks of the Ugra River, in the places where this historical
event took place. Entrance only as part of group tours (every hour).
Ugra National Park.
Milutichi is a deer farm. 160 km from Kaluga. You
can drive along two routes, which one to choose, it is better to call
the deer farm on the eve of the trip and clarify which road is currently
more passing. It is better to go during daylight hours and on a
crossover.
Kaluga is located on the Central Russian Upland, on both banks of the Oka, in the European part of Russia. The largest body of water in the city is the Yachensky reservoir. Kaluga is located 88 km southwest of the Troitsky administrative district of Moscow, 160 km from the center of Moscow, 143 km from the Moscow Ring Road and 112 km west of Tula by road.
Kaluga is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Kaluga occurs at 12:35.
The climate is temperate continental, winters are long, frosty, snowy, summers are warm and sometimes cloudy. The period with an average daily temperature above +19 °C (the so-called “warm season”) lasts from mid-May to early September, the period with an average daily temperature below +2 °C (“cold season”) lasts from mid-November to mid-March. The length of the day in Kaluga varies from 7 hours 16 minutes on December 22 to 17 hours 16 minutes on June 21.
Kaluga is a city with long-standing sports traditions and actively
developing professional sports. The development of sports in Kaluga is
supervised by the Department of Physical Culture, Sports and Youth
Policy of Kaluga.
Football
There is a football club "Kaluga"
in Kaluga. The football club plays in the Second Division of Russian
football, “Center” zone.
From 1990 to 1999, there was a women's
football club "Kaluzhanka" in Kaluga, which won the bronze medal at the
Russian Women's Football Championship in 1994. In 1999, the team was
disbanded due to insufficient funding.
Volleyball
Until the
end of 2017, the Oka volleyball club operated in Kaluga. For the period
2017-2018, volleyball in Kaluga is represented by sports schools and
student teams.
Kickboxing
Ksenia Miroshnichenko, a student of
the Kaluga Sports School “Vympel”, became the vice-world champion in
kickboxing in 2013.
In October 2014, at the Russian Kickboxing
Championship, Ksenia became the best in her weight category up to 65 kg
among the 120 best fighters in Russia from 20 regions, winning gold and
becoming the champion of Russia in kickboxing.
In June 2015, at
the World Cup kickboxing competition (full contact) in the Italian city
of Rimini, in which about 300 athletes from 25 countries took part, a
student of the famous coach of the school SDUSSHOR "Vympel" Viktor
Nikolaevich Prokhorov, an international master of sports, a multiple
winner and winner of the world's largest competitions, Ksenia
Miroshnichenko, won silver in the weight category up to 65 kg.
Swimming
Stanislav Lopukhov is a Russian swimmer. Honored Master of
Sports of Russia. Silver medalist of the 1996 Olympic Games in the 4x100
m medley relay, winner of the World Universiade, winner of the World
Cup, medalist of the World Championships, European record holder in the
swimming relay. As of 2012, he lives in the city of Obninsk, Kaluga
Region, and is the director of the Olympus Sports Palace and the Obninsk
Children and Youth Sports School. Born in Kaluga. A student of the
regional specialized Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve
(OSYUSSHOR) “Youth”) in the city of Kaluga.
Skating
Anna
Chernova is a Russian speed skater who specializes in medium and long
distances. Participant in the Olympic Games in Sochi 2014, World Cup
stages since 2012. Bronze medalist at the World Junior Championships in
the team race. Multiple winner of the World Cup among juniors. Master of
Sports of Russia in speed skating. Member of the Russian national team
since 2007. Sports club - Children's and Youth Sports School "Trud"
(Kaluga). Anna Chernova started speed skating in her native Kaluga in
2003. She received her education at the KSPU named after K. E.
Tsiolkovsky.
skiing
Kaluga athlete Valery Kobelev took part in
three Winter Olympic Games - 1994 in Lillehammer (cross-country skiing),
1998 in Nagano (ski jumping), 2002 in Salt Lake City (ski jumping).
Multiple World Cup ski jumping participant.
Fencing
MBOU DOD
SDYUSSHOR (sports school) “Fencing” is the only fencing sports school in
Kaluga and the Kaluga region. About 500 athletes are trained in 33
groups. Notable students include:
Svetlana Kormilitsyna - master of
sports of international class, two-time world champion as part of the
Russian team (USA, 2004, France, 2010), European champion as part of the
Russian team (Denmark, 2004), European champion (Germany, 2010),
champion Military World Games (South Korea, 2015).
Ekaterina
Fedorkina is an Honored Master of Sports of Russia. European champion
(Hungary, 2005), (Belgium, 2007), world champion as part of the Russian
team in (USA, 2004).
Checkers
The Kaluga checkers school is
one of the strongest in Russia and previously in the USSR. International
grandmasters have been trained at the Sports School “Russian Checkers”
in Kaluga:
Margarita Zhukova is an international master of
sports. World Champion (Lisbon, 2002; USA, 2004).
Yulia Kuzina -
(international grandmaster - 2008);
Yulia Mosalova (international
grandmaster - 2005, Russian grandmaster - 2005, 2006).