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Khasavyurt (kum. Khasav-yurt, from the Kumyk settlement of
Khasava, Chech. Khasi-Evl) is a city in southern Russia, in the
Republic of Dagestan. The city of Khasavyurt is located on the Kumyk
plain, which is part of the Tersko-Sulak lowland, at an altitude of
121 m above sea level. The Yaryksu and Aktash rivers flow through
Khasavyurt (flows along the northeastern edge of the city). The
southern new buildings of the city rise to the foothills along both
banks of the river. Yaryks.
The urban area of Khasavyurt
borders on the Khasavyurt and Novolaksky (in the southwest)
districts.
The city is named after the Kumyk prince Khasava, a
native of the village of Kostek, translated from Kumyk as “the
village of Khasava”. On June 4, 1826, at the direction of General
A.P. Yermolov, the chief Kumyk police officer, Colonel Musa Khasav,
was ordered to build a settlement on the Yaryksu River with a
military garrison in it in order to protect the villages of the
Kumyk plane from the raids of the Chechens. Musa Khasav organized
the resettlement of 100 families from Endirey and Kostek to a new
village. By the beginning of the winter of 1826-1827. Ermolov's
order was carried out.
In November 1831 Imam Gazi-Magomed
makes a rapid raid through Kumykia to Kizlyar, destroying the
village of Khasavyurt on the way, but it was soon restored; on the
map of the North-Eastern Caucasus, compiled in the 30s. XIX century,
the village of Khasavyurt is designated.
At the beginning of
1843, Major General Freytag, in order to finally block the exit of
Imam Shamil's supporters from the mountains to the Kumyk Plane,
filed a petition with the commander-in-chief of the Caucasian line,
Lieutenant General Gurko, to build a fortress on the Yaryksu River.
On May 4, 1846, work began in the fortification of Jaryksuv, which
was led by soldiers from the fortresses Gerzel and Vnezapnaya. And
soon the 80th Jaeger Kabardinsky regiment was transferred with
permanent deployment, which completed the construction of the
fortification located 1.5 - 2 km from the village of Khasavyurt. In
the same year, it was requested to rename the fortress to
Khasavyurt. In reports from 1847, the fortification is already
called Khasavyurt.
In 1848, construction began on a new,
stronger fortification on the site of the present city market. The
fortification was surrounded on three sides by an adobe wall 1.5 m
thick and 2.5 m high with three brick towers and loopholes at the
corners, and the western side had no walls - it was defended by the
cliff of the Yaryksu river bank. Separate houses appeared between
the first and second fortifications. In the north of the
fortification a forstadt arose - the home of family officers and
soldiers. A deep ditch was dug along the fortification and forstadt.
In 1867, Khasavyurt became a suburb with civil administration.
After the end of the Caucasian War and the reform of the
Dagestan and Tersk regions, the Kumyk district of the Tersk region
was renamed into the Khasavyurt district.
On January 1, 1917,
the population of Khasavyurt reached 14,028 people, of which 10,494
were permanent residents. The ethnic composition of the settlement
was diverse: Russians - 50.5%, Kumyks - 33%, Mountain Jews - 6%,
Germans and Persians - 5% each.
At the end of April 1918, the
Khasavyurt settlement was burnt down by the Uzun-Khadzhi detachment.
After the Civil War, the fortification was restored by the
inhabitants of the destroyed houses of the settlement. The status of
the city was assigned by the decree of the All-Russian Central
Executive Committee of the USSR on August 10, 1931.
Chechen-Lak conflict
September 29 - October 3, 1964 in Khasavyurt
there were riots (up to 700 people participated in the riots) on a
national basis (the Chechen-Lak conflict). 9 people were brought to
criminal responsibility. It arose in connection with the
resettlement of the Laks to the Chechen villages (present-day
Novolaksky district).
Khasavyurt agreements
At the end of
August 1996, Aslan Maskhadov and the secretary of the Russian
Security Council, Alexander Lebed, signed agreements in Khasavyurt
to end hostilities in Chechnya and to gradually withdraw Russian
troops from the republic.