Klyuchevskoy Natural Park is included in the UNESCO World Natural
and Cultural Heritage List in the nomination "Volcanoes of
Kamchatka" (June 25-30, 2001 in Paris at the 25th session of the
UNESCO Committee).
The Klyuchevskoy Nature Park is located in
the central part of Eastern Kamchatka, 500 km north of the city of
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, its western border is 20 km east of the
village of Kozyrevsk, the northern border is 10 km south of the
village of Klyuchi. The natural park is located on the territory of
the Ust-Kamchatsky municipal district, partially (the southwestern
section of the park) captures the territory of the Milkovsky
municipal district.
The initiators of the creation of the
Klyuchevskoy Natural Park were the State Enterprise
Kamchatgeologiya, the State Institution "Directorate of Natural
Parks of Kamchatka" and the Public Fund for the Protection of
Kamchatka.
The well-known Kamchatka traveler and a person who
is not indifferent to the problems of protecting Kamchatka nature,
ecologist V. I. Menshikov, took an active part in the work on
creating a natural park.
The purpose of creating a natural
park is to preserve the unique natural landscapes of the
Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes and rational use of recreational
resources of the Ust-Kamchatsky and Milkovsky regions.
The
Klyuchevskoy Nature Park is the youngest and one of the most
beautiful natural parks in Kamchatka. Its territory can be called
the land of fire and ice. Within the boundaries of the park there
are famous volcanoes: Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kamen, Ushkovsky, Plosky
Tolbachik, Bezymyanny, Krestovsky, Bolshaya and Malaya Udina, Ostry
Tolbachik, Ovalnaya and Ploskaya Zimina, more than 400 cinder cones,
as well as 47 glaciers, including the largest glaciers Kamchatka -
Bogdanovich and Erman.
On the territory of the Klyuchevskoy
park, along with kilometers of volcanic "lunar" landscapes of
hardened lavas, ash and slag, there is a variety of flora and fauna.
Bighorn sheep calve here, there are colonies of the black-capped
marmot, sable, lynx, wolverine, hares are found in abundance, the
population of elk is increasing, and the brown Kamchatka bear is the
absolute owner of this territory. Wild ducks, geese, partridges,
wood grouse, swans, Steller's sea eagles nest here. The rivers are
inhabited by grayling, char, salmon fish come to spawn. The plant
world is also diverse, more than 400 species of plants grow here,
characterizing all types of zonal vegetation of Eastern Kamchatka:
from spruce, deciduous and birch forests to alpine meadows, mountain
tundra and highlands.
On the territory of the natural park
there are 7 unique natural objects - natural monuments of regional
significance: Sheep Rocks, Ambon Stone, Sculpture Gorge, Stone
Woodpile, Edelweiss Glade, landscapes of the Tolbachinsky eruption
of 1975–1976. (including the Dead Forest).
These places
attract volcanologists, geologists, climbers and tourists who are
interested in ongoing modern volcanic processes and pristine nature.
Here you can see how life was born on the planet, climb to the
craters of active volcanoes, walk on the surface of a lava flow that
has not yet cooled down and on the ice of the largest glaciers in
Kamchatka.
The procedure for entering the territory of the natural park is
regulated by the Regulations on the natural park. In connection with
risky and extreme tourism on the territory of the Klyuchevskoy park, it
is necessary to obtain a permit to visit at the office of the KGBU
“Natural Park “Volcanoes of Kamchatka”” and in the search and rescue
team of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in the Kamchatka Territory.
On the territory of the natural park, hunting for hunting species of
animals is allowed under permits (licenses), as well as commercial
licensed fishing in fishery areas.
Regional State Budgetary Institution "Natural Park "Volcanoes of
Kamchatka"".
684000, Russia, Kamchatka Territory, Elizovo, st.
Zavoyko, 33. Phone: 8 (415-31) 7-24-00, fax: 8 (415-31) 7-39-41.
E-mail: park@mail.kamchatka.ru
Sheep rocks
They are located in the upper reaches of the Studenaya
river, on its right bank, at the mouth of the Baraniye stream. The
natural monument is a rocky outcrop on the southwestern slopes of
Bezymyanny volcano.
The picturesque mountain landscape is formed
as a result of the interaction of endogenous and exogenous processes.
The lavas of the Bezymyanny volcano were actively affected by water and
atmospheric phenomena. Deflation and weathering have led to the
formation of unique landforms, reminiscent of low-drooped sheep's
foreheads with overhanging swirling horns.
stone woodpile
A
squeezed-out extrusive dome near the Nameless Volcano, formed many
thousands of years ago during an eruption. During cooling, the lava was
split by a system of cracks into separate small five-sided blocks
resembling logs.
Ambon stone
A piece of terrain in an active
volcanic region with a huge block of Ambon, which broke away from the
Kamen volcano during a grandiose collapse that occurred 1,200-1,300
years ago. The stone reaches the size of 50×20×30 m, and the weight is
40-45 thousand tons.
Northern and Southern outbursts of the BTFE
(Great Fissure Tolbachik Eruption)
The northern outburst occurred 18
km southwest of the central crater of the Plosky Tolbachik volcano. The
eruption of the Northern Breakthrough lasted 72 days. As a result of the
eruption in July-September 1975, three cinder cones were formed, clearly
expressed in the relief, stretching in a chain in the northeast
direction, a series of lava flows descending along the western slope of
the Tolbachik field, and an ash-lava cover with an area of 875 km2.
The southern outburst occurred 28 km south of the central crater of
the Plosky Tolbachik volcano and 1 km west of the cinder cone of Mount
Kamenistaya. It is represented by one cinder cone 165 m high. The foot
of the cone is strongly deformed, with clearly visible elements of
subsidence and pulling apart at the time of lava outpouring. In
addition, a wide lava field is noted near the South Break, formed by
numerous flows of liquid lava. The area of the field is 39.5 km2, the
length to the west is 9.5 km.
Statue Gorge
On the slopes of
the volcano Ostry Tolbachik contains a large number of linear dikes of
basaltic and basaltic andesite composition.
Dikes are called
geological bodies formed when cracks are filled with igneous material.
They are characterized by small thickness (up to 5 m) and large extent
(3–10 km). Several such dikes are exposed in the valley on the
southwestern slope of Volk. Acute Tolbachik, which was called the
"Valley of the Sculptures". Their formation took place several thousand
years before the Great Fissure Tolbachik Eruption.
After the lava
was squeezed out along the cracks through the loose tuff and dense lava
formations of the volcano’s edifice, erosion destroyed unstable rocks,
and only remnants of dikes remained on the surface, which were either
walls up to a few tens of meters long, or columns 10 to 30 meters high.
m. In the lower part of the remnants exposed in the lower reaches of the
valley, spherical lavas are well expressed, which indicates the
outpouring of lavas in underwater conditions.
Glade of edelweiss
It is located in the upper reaches of the Studenaya River on the
Ploskaya Hill and is a reference site of untouched nature with a rare
plant community with the participation of Kamchatka edelweiss
{Leontopodium kamtschaticum).
Dol of the Kozyrevskaya dry river
on the western plume of the Ploskaya hill
The landscape of young
volcanic regions, dotted with rock groves, cinder fields and
plateau-like hills. The natural monument is of great scientific interest
- it is an object of monitoring the geomorphological and succession
processes of the formation of forest ecosystems under the conditions of
volcanogenic pressure and exogenous influences.
On the territory of the natural park, in general, the climate is continental, but areas with a suboceanic and subcontinental climate are distinguished. The warmest months of the year are July and August, the coldest is February.
420 species of vascular plants grow on the territory of the natural park. Kamchatka and golden rhododendrons, alpine arctous, lycopsus cassiopeia, Steller's garrimonella, creeping wild rosemary, large-flowered single flower, Aleutian phyllodoce are common. The park has a large number of mushrooms and berries: honeysuckle, princess, blueberries, lingonberries, porcini mushrooms, boletus and boletus. Tree species include larch, spruce, stone birch, elfin cedar, etc. Bighorn sheep, elk, wolverine, lynx, brown bear, hare live here. Wild ducks, geese, partridges, wood grouse, swans, Steller's sea eagles nest in the park.