Mosalsk is a city in Russia, the regional center of Mosalsky district of the Kaluga region. It forms the city of Mosalsk with the same name municipality with the status of an urban settlement as the only settlement in its composition. The city is located in the west of the Kaluga region, 18 km from the A101 Moscow-Roslavl highway, 42 km from the Baryatinskaya railway station, 80 km west of Kaluga.
1. Nikolsky Cathedral.
Nikolsky Cathedral stands on the site, which,
apparently, already represented a certain point of attraction, therefore
the master plan took it as the basis for the formation of the city. A
single-dome temple with side porches, a two-aisled refectory and a
three-tiered bell tower is the solemn dominance of the city.
The
cathedral was built in 1806-1818 at the expense of a local
philanthropist, Second Major A.S. Khlyustin and his heirs. Anton
Semyonovich Khlyustin, a well-known Mosalsky landowner - philanthropist,
builder of the first buildings of the city hospital No. 4 in Kaluga,
Nikolsky Cathedral in Mosalsk and other charitable institutions. In
addition to Khlyustin, another famous philanthropist, Mamontov, lived in
Mosalsk.
The project of the future cathedral was created by a
talented fortress architect Efim Yegorovich Latyshev. After the death of
Anton Semenovich Khlyustin, his sons continued the work, and in 1818 the
cathedral was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
The architectural style of the church can be defined as typical
classicism. The main emphasis in the facade is on elegant columns with
capitals. There are almost no decorative details on the walls, which
gives the appearance of the temple more severity and solemnity. The
theme of the columns is continued by the three-tier belfry topped with a
pointed spire with a cross, but the round tower of the second floor
develops another motif - narrow windows framed by arched arcs.
The bell tower with through openings and architectural decorations looks
like a single complex with the cathedral. Its high spire stands out in
particular. Church utensils, icons, bells were transferred to the new
cathedral from the old wooden one.
The temple was surrounded by a
fence, at the corners of which round turrets were located: three of them
served as chapels, and the fourth was occupied by a gatehouse.
As
usual, in the 1920s and 30s. crosses and bells were removed from the
building, the interior was completely looted. Soon the House of Culture
was opened here. In the 1950s the building was completely destroyed,
dismantled into bricks. Recovery took place only in the late 1990s and
early 2000s.
For the revival of the church, the architects
developed a project that was as close as possible to the original of the
19th century. Literally on the ruins of an almost destroyed building, a
new architectural creation has grown in a short time.
Nikolsky
Cathedral has two chapels: the Georgian Icon of the Mother of God and
the Apostles Peter and Paul. Its interior is distinguished by modesty
and restraint, since, unfortunately, nothing remained of the interior
decoration, and the restorers had to recreate it anew.
Father
Ioan Chuprov served as a priest in the church, and his son Alexander
Ivanovich Chuprov (1842-1908), a future world-famous economist, was
baptized. Being one of the founders of Russian statistical science,
Chuprov paid considerable attention to population statistics, which he
identified with demography. His works and lectures in this area
contributed to the development of domestic demographic statistics,
popularization of the study of population.
During the restoration
of the cathedral, they found a crypt with the remains of A.S. Khlyustin,
who bequeathed to be buried in the cathedral he founded, and a
commemorative silver plaque with notes on the construction of the
cathedral. Reburial of the remains of A.S. Khlyustin took place right
there in July 2000, when the restoration of the cathedral building
itself was underway.
2. The bell tower of the Church of the Nativity of the
Blessed Virgin Mary.
3. Stone merchant estate of the Sorokins.
4.
Mosalsky Museum of Local Lore.
5. Art gallery.
6. Old Believer
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in the village of Cherten.
7.
St. George's Church.
8.Moshchinskoye settlement.
9. Church of
Boris and Gleb.
10. Church of Paraskeva.
Located in the west of the Kaluga Region, 18 km from the A101 Moscow-Roslavl highway, 42 km from the Baryatinskaya railway station, 80 km west of Kaluga.
The first mention of the city of Masalsk in the Chernihiv
Principality dates back to 1231.
At the beginning of the 15th
century, the settlement became part of the Lithuanian state.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the city was finally annexed
to Russia.
In 1776, Mosalsk received the status of a county
town of the Mosalsky district of the Kaluga governorate.
In
1779, work began on the construction of the city according to a new
regular plan.
In the middle of the 19th century, the city
served as a commodity transshipment point between Smolensk, St.
Petersburg and Riga.
In 1929, Mosalsk was given the status of
the administrative center of the newly formed Mosalsky District of
the Sukhinichsky District of the Western Region.
From October
1941 to January 1942, the settlement was under the occupation of
German troops.
In 1944, the Mosalsky district, together with
the city, became part of the Kaluga region.
In the 1980s,
construction of new residential microdistricts began in Mosalsk.
Industrial enterprises: Precast concrete plant, Mosalsky Tekstil
clothing factory, shoe production, dairy plant.
Factory of packaged dairy products
Hair Products Factory
Reinforced concrete plant
Sewing production "Mosalsky Textile"
Shoe factory
Mosalsk has a temperate continental climate.
Summer is
moderately warm and short. The average temperature in July is +18.1
degrees.
Winters are moderately frosty and long. The average
temperature in January is -7.3 degrees.
The total number of inhabitants for 2022 was 4.2 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a slight decrease in the population
from 4288 people in 2010 to 4234 people in 2022.
As of January
2019, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Mosalsk occupied 1081
places out of 1117 cities of the Russian Federation.