Obluchye (Yiddish אָבלוטשיע) is a city (since 1938) in Russia, the administrative center of the Obluchensky district of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Population - 8365 people. (2020).
MAU "Sports Development Center"
MKUK "Youth Theater"
Ski base
"Mountain Zmeinnaya"
Ski track
Motocross
Children's Art School
Sports and recreation complex with a swimming pool "Dalnevostok"
Founded in 1911 as a settlement during the construction of Obluchye station, opened in 1915. The name is derived from the verb "irradiate" (to go around) - in this place at the foot of the hills the railway forms a huge loop, bending around ("irradiating") them. Since 1938 - the city of Obluchye.
The city of Obluchye is the regional center of the Obluchensky
district of the Jewish Autonomous Region. It is located 159 km from
Birobidzhan and 331 km from Khabarovsk. Located in the valley of the
Khingan River, 40 km from its confluence with the Amur River. The city
got its name from the fact that at the foot of the high hills the
Trans-Siberian Railway forms a huge steel loop, reminiscent of the shape
of a cab cart.
Irradiation stretched for ten kilometers. From
west to east, the city is surrounded by steep hills. In the north, the
mountains converge, leaving a narrow passage for the Khingan River. From
the south, the territory of the city is bounded by a wide marshy valley.
In the vicinity of the city, basalts, quartz parphyries, liparites, and
clays were found. The climate in Obluchye is monsoonal. Winters are dry
and cold, summers are humid and warm.
The history of the city is
closely connected with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
In April 1911, the first detachment with people left St. Petersburg,
among whom were engineers, technicians, cooks, and confectioners. They
left for the final survey and construction of the third section of the
eastern part of the Amur railway.
It was the Trans-Siberian
Railway that gave life to the Sololi station at the beginning of the
20th century (after the name of the Bolshaya and Malaya Sololi rivers) -
that was how Obluchye was originally called. Back in 1911, the
construction of a railway and a workers' settlement began near Sololi.
Despite the incredible difficulties, the workers' settlement developed
and over the years turned into a major railway junction on the
Trans-Siberian Railway.
By the beginning of the 1930s. Obluchye
station was considered the junction station of the Ussuri railroad and
had a revolving depot.
At a meeting of the presidium of the
regional executive committee of the Jewish Autonomous Region on August
8, 1938, the petition of the Birsk regional executive committee to
classify the working settlement of Obluchye as a city was granted. By
the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of
December 4, 1938, the working settlement of Obluchye, Birsky District,
Jewish Autonomous Region, was transformed into a city, retaining its
former name.
The last Saturday of October is defined as the day
of the city of Obluchye.
The city owes its birth to the railway -
this specialization to this day determines its main direction in
development. A large percentage of the city's population is associated
with the railway, with railway transport enterprises. The city has a
locomotive depot, a number of linear enterprises.
The city's
economy is also represented by: Obluchensky Tunnel, Zoloto Sutary LLC,
housing and communal services enterprises, bank branches, oil transport
enterprises (ESPO-2), Kimkano-Sutarsky Mining and Processing Plant.
Medium and small businesses are developing in Obluchye, including the
rewinding of electric motors, the manufacture of road signs, and the
installation of plastic windows. There are shops, a hotel, a printing
house, catering establishments.
Obluchensky is the center of the
municipal formation "Obluchensky municipal district". Here are the
district administration, district budgetary institutions and
organizations.
There are several kindergartens in Obluchye, two
schools, Boarding School No. 27, a Technical College that trains
personnel for the railway and the service sector, a Children's Art
School, a polyclinic of Russian Railways, MAU "Sports Development
Center", MKUK "Center for Leisure and Kino”, ski base “Gora Zmeinaya”
with a track for cross-country skiing.
In Obluchye there is a
Parish in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord. On October 15,
2013, an Orthodox chapel was consecrated in the name of St. Spyridon,
Bishop of Trimifuntsky, a miracle worker on the territory of the
Obluchenskaya distance of the path.
In February 2015, a modern
building of the district hospital was solemnly commissioned in Obluchye.
In 2016, the first social supermarket was opened in Obluchye.
As of January 1, 2017, the population of Obluchye was 8742 people.
The regional newspaper Iskra Khingana is published in Obluchye.
By plane
The nearest airport is in Khabarovsk.
By train
All trains on the Trans-Siberian Railway stop at the Obluchye station.
By car
The federal highway Chita-Khabarovsk passes through
Obluchye.
The city is located on the
Khingan River (a tributary of the Amur), 159 km from Birobidzhan, on
the border with the Amur Region. A railway junction on the
Trans-Siberian Railway, which here makes a large loop between the
hills in the form of an irradiation (which is why one of the
versions of the name earlier - the village, now - the city). Due to
the fact that the city is closed from the north by mountains, the
microclimate of the area is very favorable.
The city is
surrounded by hills from west to east. In the north, the mountains
converge, leaving a narrow passage for the Khingan River. From the
south, the city is bounded by a wide swampy plain.
The
satellite of the city of Obluchye is the village of Yadrino in the
Amur Region, the distance along the “Amur” highway is about 2 km,
directly - the southern part of the city and the village are
separated by the Khingan River.
The climate in
this area is monsoon - winters are dry and cold, summers are humid
and warm. The average January temperature is minus 25 ° C, in July -
plus 20 ° C.
The waters of the Khingan River are mainly used
for the needs of the station, the population of the city is supplied
with the under-channel waters of the Khingan River.
Average
annual air temperature - -0.6 ° C
Relative air humidity - 70.2%
Average wind speed - 1.8 m / s
Railway transport enterprises
Obluchensky tunnel (see Khingan
tunnels)
Operational locomotive depot Obluchye TChE-1 (JSC Russian
Railways)
Obluchenskaya track distance PCh-1 (JSC Russian Railways)
Obluchenskaya distance of power supply ECH-1 (JSC Russian Railways)
Birobidzhan signaling, interlocking and blocking station ShCh-2 (Russian
Railways JSC)
Recovery train of Obluchye station (JSC Russian
Railways)
Operational car depot Khabarovsk II VChDE-1 (JSC Russian
Railways)
Khabarovsk distance of engineering structures PCHISSO (JSC
"Russian Railways")
Khabarovsk Regional Communications Center RCS
(JSC Russian Railways)
Khabarovsk distance of civil structures NGCH-3
(JSC "Russian Railways")
Khabarovsk mechanized distance
infrastructure PChM-Khabarovsk (OJSC "Russian Railways")
Khabarovsk
center for organizing the work of railway stations DCS-1 (JSC Russian
Railways)
Repair and service area in Obluchye, East Siberian branch
of the joint-stock company Kaluga plant "Remputmash"
Service
locomotive depot (Branch "Far East" LLC "LocoTech-Service")
Branch of
FGP VO RT RUSSIA ON FER
Transneft - Far East
bank branches
Trade and public service enterprises
Rostelecom (Dalsvyaz - April 1, 2011 the company became part of PJSC
Rostelecom)
Megaphone
Yota
MTS
Beeline
Tele2 (From
February 12, 2020, the company is 100% owned by PJSC Rostelecom)
Taste Network (TTK)
Branch of RTRS "RTPC EAO"
Work in the city:
Three kindergartens
Two schools No. 2 and No.
3
Boarding School No. 27 (Russian Railways)
Technical College
Children's Art School
District hospital
Polyclinic (JSC Russian
Railways)
The city has an Orthodox Church in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord. On October 15, 2013, an Orthodox chapel was consecrated in the name of St. Spyridon, Bishop of Trimifuntsky, a miracle worker on the territory of the Obluchenskaya distance of the path.
Autoradio
Radio FM-Birobidzhan
Radio Russia / GTRK Bira
Tvarkovsky, Yuri Vladimirovich (1921-1943) - Hero of the Soviet Union
(1943), who was born and lived in the city until 1939.
Markin, Sergey
Andreevich (born 1962) - Russian athlete and coach (kettlebell lifting),
the absolute world champion among male veterans (2012), winner of the
award of the Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Region in the nomination
"Best Athlete of the Year" (2012), living in the territory cities.