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Syzran is a city in the Samara region of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the urban district of Syzran and the Syzran municipal district. Population: 167,160 (2020). The third most populous city of the Samara region after Samara and Togliatti.
By plane
There is no passenger airport in Syzran. You can get to
Samara airport “Kurumoch” and then by bus, train or car to Syzran (140
km along the M5 highway).
By train
"Syzran-1". A major railway
junction through which trains pass from Asia to Europe and back. To the
east of Syzran there is a railway bridge over the Volga, so many passing
trains stop at the Syzran-1 station. From Moscow, trains to Syzran
depart from the Kazansky station. edit
Please note: if you want to
get directly to the historical center of Syzran, you need the
Syzran-Gorod station; but there are fewer trains going to this station.
The station is located on a route from east and north to south (towards
Saratov), and therefore Moscow trains do not pass through the
Syzran-Gorod station.
In addition to trains, there are also
electric trains: from Samara to Syzran by train it takes 2.5 hours, from
Penza 5 hours by train.
The time zone in Samara is UTC+4 (1 hour
ahead of Moscow), and the schedule of trains and electric trains of
Russian Railways indicates Moscow time. Be careful if traveling by rail.
By car
from Moscow and the Urals along the M5 highway (E30, AH6);
from Ulyanovsk 140 km along the A151 road;
from Saratov 360 km along
P228;
from Penza 250 km along M5;
from Samara 160 km along the M5
highway (that is, three hours, if there is no traffic jam at the
hydroelectric dam).
By bus
Syzran bus station is located at:
st. Moskovskaya, 14. Buses come here from Almetyevsk, Balakov, Voronezh,
Izhevsk, Inza, Kuznetsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Lipetsk, Penza, Saratov,
Tambov, Ulyanovsk, Cheboksary, as well as from settlements in the Samara
region.
On the ship
From Samara, from the River Station on the
motor ship "Voskhod" daily. The cost is 400 rubles one way, travel time
is 2 hours 15 minutes. Flights on weekdays at 16-00 from Samara, on
weekends an additional flight at 09-30. Return from Syzran to Samara at
06-00 on weekdays, on weekends there is an additional flight at 12-30.
The schedule can be checked on the website of the Samara River Passenger
Enterprise.
In 2017, in test mode, the port of Syzran accepts
two- and three-deck cruise ships.
Buses and minibuses. Several years ago, city officials attempted to change bus route patterns. The minibus operators did not support the innovation, which is why today (April 2018) there are actually 2 schemes in operation in the city - old and new, and the new one also changes from time to time. The difficulty is that some routes with the same numbers go to different parts of the city, although they have common stops (for example, route No. 28). Upon arrival, be sure to check which route this or that bus takes. The fare is 28 ₽ (2022).
1 Syzran Kremlin. From the 17th century Kremlin, only the stone
Spasskaya Tower has reached us; there is a museum inside. On the
territory of the Kremlin there is a baroque Cathedral of the Nativity of
Christ (1717).
2 Kazan Cathedral, Dostoevsky Lane, 17. Cathedral
Orthodox Church.
In Syzran, several interesting houses have been
preserved, built at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th
centuries by merchants and industrialists. Some of them are located on
Sovetskaya Street: the house of the merchant Gusev (No. 9), the
Syromyatnikov mansion with a corner bay window turret (No. 10), the
former Podmarev mansion, and now a bank (No. 102), the former Elizarov
house, now a shopping center (No. 34 ).
3 Former Permyakov
store, Sovetskaya street, 26. The house with a turret in the Art Nouveau
style was built in 1907. Now the post office.
4 Sterlyadkin Mansion,
Sovetskaya Street, 66. An unusual building in the Art Nouveau style, the
Syzran registry office is now located here.
5 Zemskaya uprava ,
Sovetskaya street, 83. A two-story building built in the second half of
the 19th century for zemstvo meetings. Now it is a children's art
school.
6 Markushina House, Sovetskaya Street, 87.
7 Mansion
P.V. Revyakina, Sovetskaya street, 100.
8 Mansion S.Z. Podmareva,
Sovetskaya street, 102.
9 Chernukhin Estate, st. Sverdlova, 2. One
of the best monuments of wooden architecture in Syzran, the wooden
mansion of Martinian Chernukhin, was built in 1910. There is an
exhibition hall inside. Jun 2019 edit
10 DK “Avangard”,
Gidroturbinnaya street, 28. House of culture of the Tyazhmash plant,
which produces launch complexes for space rockets. The plant appeared
here in 1941 as a result of the evacuation of the old cast iron plant
from Lyudinov, and the recreation center was built in 1958.
11 Ilyinskaya Church (Church of Elijah the Prophet), st.
International, 12.
12 Mansion of merchant Belov, Internatsionalnaya
street, 48/93.
13 Polyakova House, Internatsionalnaya Street, 11a.
Interesting with the images on the facade.
14 House of merchant
Tsvetkov, Internatsionalnaya street, 13/22.
15 Ascension Monastery,
Monastyrskaya Street, 2. A 17th-century monastery that had a very
specific reputation before the revolution: those expelled from the
theological seminary, apparently, were not the worst of its inhabitants.
It complements the panorama of the city quite well, but is not
particularly interesting up close.
16 Monastery Mountain (Mongora). Landscape natural monument.
17 Syzranskaya Luka. The place where the Syzranka River makes a 180
degree turn.
18 Syzran hydroelectric power station. The
hydroelectric power station, small by today's standards, was built in
1925-1929 and became the second hydroelectric power station in the USSR
after the Volkhov hydroelectric power station. As befits buildings of
this time, the hydroelectric power station is made in the style of
constructivism.
1 Drama Theatre, st. Sovetskaya, 92. Syzran Drama Theater named
after. A. Tolstoy
2 Museum of Local Lore, Dostoevsky Lane, 34.
10.00–17.00, closed Monday.
3 Exhibition Hall, st. Sverdlova, 2.
9.00–17.00, closed Sunday.
Holiday "Syzran Tomato". The holiday
dedicated to the ripe red vegetable is held in Syzran on weekends around
mid-August. It is completely different from the Spanish Tomatina, so you
can dress smartly. There are festive processions along Sovetskaya
Street, fairs, competitions and other entertainment with a “tomato
harvest” theme.
1 Cafe “At the Kremlin”, st. Sovetskaya 1a. Hotel "At the Kremlin"
2 Restaurant "Toro Rosso", st. Ulyanovskaya, 52.
3 Restaurant
“Panorama”, Lodochny Lane, 14.
1 “Crystal”, st. Chapaeva, 54. Near the stadium, not far from the
Volga River. There is Wi-Fi. Breakfast is modest.
2 “At the Kremlin”,
st. Sovetskaya, 1A (in the center). Air conditioning, TV, minibar, Wi-Fi
and other amenities. Great place if you come to walk around the city.
3 “Yubileinaya”, st. Gidroturbinnaya, 13 (not in the center). A small
hotel with small rooms.
4 “La Mancha”, st. Karl Marx, 12 (in the
center).
There are cellular operators in Syzran: Megafon, MTS, Beeline, Tele2, Yota, Rostelecom.
Mobile Internet is provided by mobile operators. For the home Rostelecom and Dom.ru.
There are virtually no storm drains in the city. In the spring, half
of the streets, including the area of the Syzran-1 railway station, as
well as st. Moskovskaya turns into an impassable snow-water swamp.
Poplars grow in the city. People allergic to poplar fluff should be
careful between late May and early July. Bring antihistamines with you
or buy them at pharmacies.
The city got its name from the Syzran River (currently - Syzranka), on which the fortress was founded. In the description of the 18th century, the hydronym is indicated in the forms Syza, Syzan from the Tatar “syza” “ravine, gully”; the element - "ran" can be explained as an indicator of the Chuvash initial case, corresponding to the Russian preposition "from". Based on this, the Turkic name means “a ravine river flowing from a ravine; low-lying river ".
Foundation of the city
Archaeological excavations suggest that already 3.5 thousand years
BC. people lived in these places. This is no coincidence: the Middle
Volga is the intersection of transport and trade arteries.
In
the 16th century, Mordovian beekeepers were located here, and a dirt
road to the Urals ran nearby.
The city of Syzran was founded
in 1683 by the voivode Grigory Afanasyevich Kozlovsky, according to
one of the earliest decrees of Tsar Peter I. At that time, Russia
continued to grow its territories in the East, and fortified cities
were required to ensure the safety of the trade route. Kozlovsky was
instructed to personally recruit a regiment of service people, move
with him to the Samara bow and lay a fortress on the Syzranka River.
Kozlovsky chose the most elevated place between the rivers Syzranka
and Krymza. The Syzran Kremlin built by him was wooden, with 7
towers at the corners, surrounded by a rampart and a moat.
XVIII century
Quite quickly, the military function of the city is
relegated to the background, and the commercial one comes to the
fore. Already in the 18th century, the city turned into a major
trade center in the region. Here intermediary trade develops,
merchants are formed.
In 1780, Catherine II instituted the
city's coat of arms - "Black bull in a golden field, meaning the
abundance of this kind of cattle" - for success in the trade in
cattle and bread. In 1781 Syzran became a district town of Simbirsk
governorship. In 1782 a regular plan was drawn up for Syzran. At
that time, the city consisted of three enclaves, separated by the
Syzran and Krymza rivers. Bread trade, agriculture, leatherworking,
shoemaking, tailoring, and woodworking are developing here. In 1796
Syzran became a district town of Simbirsk province.
XIX-XX
centuries
The city received a special impetus for development in
1874 in connection with the construction of the Morshansko-Syzran
railway (since 1890 - the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway) and the
construction of the Syzran bridge across the Volga, which connected
it with Orenburg.
In 1875, General V.G. Boldyrev was born in
Syzran.
At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the main
industry in Syzran was flour milling. The city ranked 4th in Russia
in grain processing, behind only Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov and
Samara.
As a result of a strong fire in early July 1906,
about 5,500 buildings burned down in Syzran, most of the city was
destroyed. The total losses from the fire in the prices of that time
amounted to approximately 18 million rubles. At least 1,000 people
died.
After the fire of 1906, which destroyed almost all the
wooden buildings, stone building of the city was carried out.
Merchants built mansions for their families and public needs.
Churches were built on donations from the townspeople. Now these
buildings are architectural monuments, many of them have been
restored in recent years.
The industrial revolution was also
reflected in Syzran. By 1916, there were 15 large industrial
enterprises in Syzran with incomes of at least 20 thousand rubles,
small ones - more than a hundred.
During the years of Soviet
power, the change in the structure of industrial production was
influenced primarily by the discovery of large deposits - oil and
oil shale. "Second Baku" - this is said about Syzran. It is no
coincidence that the city is literally entangled with threads of oil
and gas pipelines, main product pipelines. In 1919, the industrial
development of oil shale began, which was used as a fuel during the
Civil War, and then their application was found in the medical
industry. Oil shale was the initial raw material for the production
of ichthyol, albichtol, thiocreolin and other preparations. The
products of the Syzran oil shale processing plant were in demand not
only in the USSR, they were familiar to doctors in Hungary, India,
England, Turkey and many other countries.
In 1920, there were
7025 possessions in Syzran and 52603 people (23963 men and 28640
women). According to the 1923 city census - 44245 (20857 men and
23388 women). And the peasant community of Syzran in 1923 amounted
to 1777 households and 9043 residents.
Since 1928, Syzran has
been the administrative center of the Syzran district of the Syzran
district of the Middle Volga region (1928-1929), the Syzran city
district of the Middle Volga region (1929-1936).
About 39
thousand Syzrans participated in the Great Patriotic War. 11,300
people were killed in the fighting. 26 citizens were awarded the
title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage and bravery.
In 1942, on the basis of the workers' settlements of Batraki,
Pravaya Volga, Pervomaisk and the village of Kostychi, the
Oktyabrsky district of the city was created.
On the night of
June 17-18, 1943, a single Heinkel He 111 raided Syzran, dropping
ten high-explosive and one heavy incendiary bombs on the city.
During the war, the industrial potential of Syzran increased 4-5
times due to the evacuated enterprises. In those years, some central
ministries and departments were located on the territory of the
city, since the second capital - Kuibyshev (the name of Samara in
1935-1991) could not accommodate all the institutions evacuated from
Moscow.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the RSFSR No. 742/19 on August 7, 1956, the Oktyabrsky district
was transformed into the city of regional subordination, Oktyabrsk.
In the post-war period, the petrochemical, chemical, energy,
light, woodworking, food industries, and mechanical engineering
developed in Syzran.